Endocarditis infecciosa de la válvula tricúspide asociada con meningitis aséptica: presentación infrecuente en una niña / Tricuspid valve infective endocarditis associated with aseptic meningitis: a rare presentation in a child

La endocarditis infecciosa es infrecuente pero potencialmente mortal. Las presentaciones atípicas retrasan el diagnóstico. El compromiso neurológico es habitual en la endocarditis de la válvula mitral, aunque infrecuente en la endocarditis de la válvula tricúspide. Si bien se han informado algunos casos e el del lado derecho con síntomas neurológicos en adultos, en la bibliografía no se ha descripto en niños. Se presenta una niña de 9 años con comunicación interventricular (CIV) congénita con fiebre, cefalea y rigidez de nuca. Sus síntomas clínicos y los hallazgos en el líquido cefalorraquídeo respaldaron el diagnóstico de meningitis aséptica. El día 3 del tratamiento con ceftriaxona, se resolvieron los síntomas; tras nueve días, reingresó con fiebre y rigidez de nuca. Un ecocardiograma mostró endocarditis de la válvula tricúspide. Recibió tratamiento antibiótico durante 6 semanas. Se realizó una cirugía cardíaca para la CIV y la insuficiencia de la válvula tricúspide.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but a potentially life-threatening infectious disease. Atypical presentations cause delays in the diagnosis. Neurological involvement such as meningitis or meningismus, are especially common in mitral valve endocarditis, but unusual in tricuspid valve endocarditis. Although few cases of right-sided IE have been reported with neurological symptoms in adults, children have not been described in literature. A nine-year-old girl with congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD) was admitted with fever, headache and neck stiffness. Her clinical symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid findings supported the aseptic meningitis. On ceftriaxone therapy day 3, her complaints were resolved; nine days later she was admitted with fever and neck stiffness again. Further investigation for fever source with echocardiogram revealed a tricuspid valve endocarditis. Antibiotic therapy was completed after 6 weeks. Cardiac surgery was performed for VSD and tricuspid valvular insufficiency.

Enterovirus asociados a Afecciones del Sistema Nervioso Central confirmados por biología molecular / Enteroviruses associated with Central Nervous System Infections confirmed by molecular biology

Aproximadamente 90% de las meningitis asépticas son causadas por enterovirus (EV), miembro de la familia de los picornavirus. Los EV son ubicuos, se diseminan por vía fecal-oral y contacto directo, responsables de brotes o casos esporádicos con importante morbilidad. El diagnóstico se basa en la presentación clínica, imágenes, estudio citoquímico del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) y la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR), gold estándard que reemplaza al aislamiento viral y la serología. El objetivo de este estudio descriptivo de corte transversal fue determinar la presencia de EV por RT-PCR en el LCR de pacientes con sospecha clínica de meningitis aséptica, internados en servicios públicos y privados de Asunción y departamento Central del Paraguay de noviembre de 2007 a noviembre de 2014. El material genético fue extraído mediante el mini kit ADN y ARN Qiagen® que fue sometido a RT-PCR. Se incluyeron LCR de 203 pacientes, 124 (61%) niños (4 días-15 años) y 79 (39%) adultos (16-81 años). Setenta y siete (38%) provenían de servicios públicos y 126 (62%) de privados; 115 (57%) fueron varones. Se detectó RNA de EV en 166 (82%) pacientes, 90 niños y 76 adultos, y mayor número de casos entre los meses de octubre a abril. Este es el primer trabajo en el país y muestra una importante participación del EV en pacientes por infecciones del SNC compatibles con meningitis asépticas de etiología viral. La sospecha clínica fue mayor en niños, sin embargo la proporción de resultados positivos fue mayor en adultos. Se observó mayor circulación en los meses cálidos(AU)

Comparison of enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid with Bacterial Meningitis Score in children / Comparação da pesquisa de enterovírus no liquor com Escore de Meningite Bacteriana em crianças

ABSTRACT Objective To measure the role of enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid compared with the Bacterial Meningitis Score in children with meningitis. Methods A retrospective cohort based on analysis of medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed as meningitis, seen at a private and tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2011 and 2014. Excluded were patients with critical illness, purpura, ventricular shunt or recent neurosurgery, immunosuppression, concomitant bacterial infection requiring parenteral antibiotic therapy, and those who received antibiotics 72 hours before lumbar puncture. Results The study included 503 patients. Sixty-four patients were excluded and 94 were not submitted to all tests for analysis. Of the remaining 345 patients, 7 were in the Bacterial Meningitis Group and 338 in the Aseptic Meningitis Group. There was no statistical difference between the groups. In the Bacterial Meningitis Score analysis, of the 338 patients with possible aseptic meningitis (negative cultures), 121 of them had one or more points in the Bacterial Meningitis Score, with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 64.2%, and negative predictive value of 100%. Of the 121 patients with positive Bacterial Meningitis Score, 71% (86 patients) had a positive enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusion Enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid was effective to differentiate bacterial from viral meningitis. When the test was analyzed together with the Bacterial Meningitis Score, specificity was higher when compared to Bacterial Meningitis Score alone.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o papel da pesquisa de enterovírus no líquido cefalorraquidiano em comparação com o Escore de Meningite Bacteriana em crianças com meningite. Métodos Coorte retrospectiva, realizada pela análise de prontuários, incluindo pacientes pediátricos, com diagnóstico de meningite e atendidos em um hospital privado e terciário, localizado em São Paulo, entre 2011 e 2014. Foram excluídos os pacientes com doença crítica, púrpura, derivação ventricular ou neurocirurgia recente, imunossupressão, outra infecção bacteriana concomitante que necessitasse de antibioticoterapia parenteral e aqueles que receberam antibiótico 72 horas antes da punção lombar. Resultados Foram incluídos no estudo 503 pacientes. Destes, 64 foram excluídos e 94 não realizaram todos os exames para análise. Dos 345 pacientes restantes, 7 ficaram no Grupo de Meningite Bacteriana e 338 no Grupo de Meningite Asséptica. Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos. Na análise do Escore de Meningite Bacteriana, dos 338 pacientes com possível meningite asséptica (culturas negativas), 121 deles tiveram um ou mais pontos para o Escore de Meningite Bacteriana, com valor de sensibilidade de 100%, especificidade de 64,2% e valor preditivo negativo de 100%. Dos 121 pacientes com Escore de Meningite Bacteriana positivo, 71% (86 pacientes) tiveram a pesquisa de enterovírus positiva no líquido cefalorraquidiano. Conclusão A pesquisa de enterovírus no líquido cefalorraquidiano mostrou-se eficaz em diferenciar a meningite bacteriana da viral. Analisada junto com o Escore de Meningite Bacteriana, a especificidade foi maior em comparação ao Escore de Meningite Bacteriana isolado.

Non-polio enteroviruses aseptic meningitis: embaba fever hospital admissions 2010-2011

Human enteroviruses [EV] cause a wide spectrum of both common and uncommon illnesses among all age groups. Enterically transmitted. The objective of this study was to identify non-poliovirus EV as a cause of viral aseptic meningitis [VAM] by two methods [cell culture and Real time PCR]. From October 2010 to August 2011 cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] samples were collected from 85 patients Embaba fever hospital admitted with symptoms of aseptic meningitis of any age and both sexes. The 85 CSF samples were inoculated into RD [human rhabdomyosarcoma] cell line in three blind passages to amplify isolates producing EV-like CPE. A total of 14 [16.5%] out of 85 CSF samples showed EV-like CPE. By Real time PCR 11 out of the 14 culture positive samples and 5 out of the 14 source of virus isolation original CSF were non polio EV positive. The frequency of non-polio EV meningitis hospital admissions was in the summer season [50%], spring [25%], late autumn [16.6%] and least frequency in winter [8.4%]. non-polio EV meningitis was detected in 6 out of 41 male patients [14.5%] and in 6 out of 44 female patients [13.5%]. Also non-polio EV meningitis was detected in all ages with marked increase of incidence in young children [41.6%] and old age [50%] and less in adult [8.4%]. Our data showed that the non-polioviruses EV was associated with the majority of VAM during 2010 - 2011 at the Embaba fever hospital which serves Embaba, Shoubra Elkheema, Qualyba and neighbors localities in Egypt. Rapid detection of non-polio EV meningitis is essential for making decisions about patient management and treatment

IL-6 and IL-8 in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with aseptic meningitis and bacterial meningitis: their potential role as a marker for differential diagnosis

Cytokines are molecules that act as mediators of immune response; cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 is found in all meningeal inflammatory diseases, but IL-8 is associated with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM). A case control study was done to ascertain the discriminatory power of these cytokines in differentiating ABM from aseptic meningitis (AM); IL-6 and IL-8 CSF concentrations were tested through ELISA in samples collected from patients who underwent investigation for meningitis. Sixty patients, 18 with AM, nine with bacteriologic confirmed ABM and 33 controls, assisted in 2005 (MA and controls) and 2007 (ABM) were included. Differently from controls, IL-6 concentrations were increased both in MA and ABM patients (p < 0.05). CSF IL-8 levels were higher in ABM than in AM and controls (p < 0.05). Discriminatory power in ABM as assessed by the area under receiver operator (ROC) curve was 0.951 for IL-8, using a cut-off of 1.685 ng/dL (100 percent of sensitivity and 94 percent of specificity). The CSF concentration of both IL-6 and IL-8 are increased in the presence of meningeal inflammation, IL-8 could be an important tool to differentiate ABM from AM.

Aseptic meningitis in pediatrics: Epidemiologic evaluation and cerebrospinal fluid changes

This study aimed at investigating seasonal variation, clinical symptoms, and cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] changes in patients with aseptic meningitis admitted in Mofid hospital between 1995 and 1996. A total of 63 children with aseptic meningitis were enrolled in the study. Their age, gender, season of the disease, etiology, clinical symptoms, CSF changes, and treatment were evaluated and documented. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5. The male to female ratio of the patients was 2.5 to 1, mean age being 6.5 years. The disease occurrence was most common in spring and summer, and the most common symptoms observed were fever [92.6%], followed by nausea and vomiting [88.88% and 68.25%], neck stiffness, neck stiffness [54%], seizure [19%], kernig sign [14.28%], Brudzinski's sign [11.11%], and 1.58% of the patients had history of head injury. Mean white blood cell count for CSF was 165/mm3 [range, 6 to 850/mm3], the common cells being mononuclear cells; mean red blood cell count was 538 [range, 0 to 8100/mm3]; protein and glucose levels were within the normal ranges. Blood and CSF culture and CSF smear were negative. Prognosis was excellent and mean duration of recovery was 5 days [range, 2 to 18 days]. Although the clinical symptoms of aseptic meningitis are similar to those of bacterial meningitis, its prognosis is excellent. The CSF features can be used to diagnose the disease

¿Es necesaria la punción lumbar en la evaluación del recién nacido febril sin signos de focalización? / ¿Is it necessary to perform a lumbar puncture in the evaluation of the febrile newborn infant without source?

La evaluación del RN febril incluye efectuar una punción lumbar para detectar un foco meníngeo. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de este procedimiento al ingreso del paciente al hospital y, eventualmente, en una segunda instancia si se justifica clínicamente. Pacientes y Método: Estudiamos 1.841 recién nacidos febriles sin signos de focalización que consultaron en la Unidad de Emergencia entre enero 1992 y diciembre 2000. Todos se sometieron a una evaluación para pesquisa de sepsis. Calculamos la tasa de incidencia de meningitis, y analizamos la frecuencia de meningitis diagnosticada en la evaluación inicial y en una re-evaluación. Resultados: Hubo 206 pacientes con diagnóstico de meningitis (incidencia de 11,2 por ciento), de las cuales 20 fueron bacterianas (1,1 por ciento) y 186 meningitis asépticas (10,1 por ciento). En la evaluación inicial se detectaron 155 pacientes con meningitis (155/ 1.774 = 8,7 por ciento) y en la reevaluación (media de 39,5 ± 25,2 horas más tarde) se diagnosticaron 51 casos más (51/ 135 = 37,8 por ciento). Conclusiones: La meningitis fue un diagnóstico frecuente en recién nacidos febriles sin signos de focalización, predominando la meningitis aséptica. En casi 25 por ciento de los casos se llegó a este diagnóstico mediante la ejecución de la punción lumbar al ser re-evaluados.

Lumbar puncture to detect bacterial meningitis is a recommended screening procedure to be performed in febrile newborn infants at admission to hospital. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of this procedure performed at admission and eventually, in a second look if clinically justified. Patients and method: There were studied 1,841 febrile newborns consulting at the Emergency Department from January 1992 to December 2000 without source. All of them underwent a sepsis workup. The rate of meningitis incidence was calculated, and we analyzed the frequency of meningitis diagnosed in the initial evaluation and reappraisal. Results: There were 206 febrile patients with diagnosis of meningitis for an incidence of 11.2 percent, which 20 were bacterial (1.1 percent) and 186 aseptic meningitis (10.1 percent). In the initial evaluation 155 patients were diagnosed with meningitis (155/ 1.774 = 8.7 percent) and in reappraisal (mean 39,5 ± 25,2 hours after) there were diagnosed another 51 cases (51/ 135 = 37.8 percent). Conclusions: The meningitis was a common diagnosis in febrile newborns without source, with prevalence of aseptic meningitis. In almost 25 percent of cases we reached to this diagnosis by means of performing lumbar puncture after a reappraisal.

Multiple sclerosis with recurrent meningitis

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disease that is rarely associated with aseptic meningitis. However, certain syndromes causing aseptic meningitis are often associated with central nervous system demyelination that mimics multiple sclerosis [MS]. Since many of these syndromes are potentially treatable, unmasking an alternative diagnosis is essential whenever an MS-like illness and recurrent meningitis are encountered in the same patient. Yet, the search for an alternative diagnosis may be elusive sometimes, despite extensive and appropriate investigations. We present a young woman with an MS-like illness associated with recurrent meningitis over a 7-year period. After an exhaustive evaluation, we conclude that recurrent meningitis is an atypical manifestation of MS. If neurologists would appreciate this point, unrewarding and costly investigations may be avoided and appropriate therapy instituted when similar cases are encountered in clinical practice

Laboratorial diagnosis of lymphocytic meningitis

Meningitis is the main infectious central nervous system (CNS) syndrome. Viruses or bacteria can cause acute meningitis of infectious etiology. The term "Aseptic Meningitis" denotes a clinical syndrome with a predominance of lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with no common bacterial agents identified in the CSF. Viral meningitis is considered the main cause of lymphocyte meningitis. There are other etiologies of an infectious nature. CSF examination is essential to establish the diagnosis and to identify the etiological agent of lymphocytic meningitis. We examined CSF characteristics and the differential diagnosis of the main types of meningitis.

RT-PCR for confirmation of echovirus 30 isolated in Belém, Brazil

Echovirus (Echo) 30 or human enterovirus B is the most frequent enterovirus associated with meningitis cases. Epidemics and outbreaks of this disease caused by Echo 30 have occurred in several countries. In Brazil, Echo 30 has been isolated from sporadic cases and outbreaks that occurred mainly in the south and southeast regions. We used RT-PCR to examine Echo 30 isolates from meningitis cases detected from March 2002 to December 2003 in Belém, state of Pará, in northern Brazil. The patients were attended in a Basic Health Unit (State Health Secretary of Pará), where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected and stored in liquid nitrogen. Weekly visits were made by technicians from Evandro Chagas Institute to the health unit and samples were stored at -70°C in the laboratory until use. HEp-2 and RD cell lines were used for viral isolation and neutralization with specific antisera for viral identification. RNA extraction was made using Trizol reagent. The RT-PCR was made in one step, and the total mixture (50 æL) was composed of: RNA, reaction buffer, dNTP, primers, Rnase inhibitor, reverse transcriptase, Taq polymerase and water. The products were visualized in agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide, visualized under UV light. Among the 279 CSF samples examined, 30 (10.7 percent) were EV positive, 29 being Echo 30 and one was Cox B. Nineteen Echo 30 were examined with RT-PCR; 18 tested positive (762 and 494 base pairs). The use of this technique permitted viral identification in less time than usual, which benefits the patient and is of importance for public-health interventions.

Relationship between aseptic meningitis and MMR vaccination

Mumps is a predominant disease of young children recognized by fever and parotitis. Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are the most frequent complications of the disease. Mumps live vaccine is available in many countries. In Iran routine 2 dose administration of MMR was launched in 2004. Vaccine produce a subclinical and noncommunicable infection but in part of Europes, Canada and Japan where different vaccines have been used, rates of vaccine-induced aseptic meningitis have been high. The purpose of this study is to survey the occurrence of Aseptic meningitis as an adverse effect of MMR vaccination and to determine its clinical and laborabry characteristics. In this prospective study during 2004-2005 cases of Aseptic meningitis who was admitted in Infection and neurology wards of Tabriz Pediatric Medical center were studied. Sex, age, clinical manifestations, lab data and duration between vaccination and appearance of symptoms were recorded and analyzed. In 44 cases of aseptic meningitis there was history of MMR vaccination within 30 days [average: 21.7 days]. Seventy five percent of patients were male. The mean age of patients was 31 months. 40.9% of cases were 13 months old. Febrile seizure [54.5%] and meningeal signs with parotid enlargement [29.5%] were the most clinical manifestation. The mean Total and lymphocyte cell count in cerebrospinal fluid were 674.43 and 550.2/mm[3], respectively. The mean glucose and protein levels were found to be 54.3 and 48.34 mg/dl, respectively. The results of our study shows the occurrence of aseptic meningitis after immunization with the MMR vaccine which is being used by the health services in our country. According to Presence of wild virus Strains within community and to rule out the role of other viruses, PCR is recommended despite of its complexity and limitations. This complication must be considered important and followed up precisely in spite of its complete cure without any Sequela, because all of these cases occurred within 30 days after vaccination

Detección de enterovirus mediante transcripción reversa y reacción de polimerasa en cadena en líquido cafalorraquídeo de niños con meningitis aséptica / Detection of enterovirus by reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid samples of children with aseptic meningitis

Los enterovirus causan cerca de 90 por ciento de las meningitis asépticas (MA). La ausencia de un buen método de diagnótico etiológico determina con frecuencia tratamientos innecesarios. En este estudio se comparó la detección de enterovirus en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) usando cultivos celulares e inmunofluorescencia indirecta (CC/IFI), con la reacción de polimerasa en cadena (RT-PCR). Se estudiaron 22 muestras de LCR provenientes de niños con MA (casos) y 17 de niños con otras patologías (controles). Todos fueron atendidos en servicios pediátricos del Hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaiso. Hubo 100 por ciento de concordancia entre ambos métodos en los 22 niños con MA, encontrándose 21 casos positivos para enterovirus. Entre los 17 controles, 2 muestras resultaron por RT-PCR y una de ellas lo fue también por CC-IFI. La RT-PCR resultó un método sencible y específico. Considerando la rapidez con que se puede tener los resultados es esperable que su uso rutinario sea beneficioso para los pacientes con MA

RT-nested PCR for the detection of enterovirus in biological samples from patients with suspected enteroviral infections

In this study, we have tested a reverse transcription (RT) nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) for detection of enterovirus (EV) RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum samples, and conjunctival swabs (CS) from patients with suspected enterovirus infections. A specific 113-bp fragment was amplified using primers designed based on 5' non coding region of the enterovirus genome. The enterovirus RT-nPCR was able to detect 0.001 plaque forming unit (pfu)/ml. Since no PCR product was detected in each of the CSF, CS and serum samples from patients with proven-non-enterovirus viral infections, this method was found to be specific. EV RNA was detected in all 30 culture-confirmed CSF samples and yielded positive results in 5 out of 7 additional cases of culture-negative CSF samples with other evidences of enterovirus infection. Overall, EV RNA was detected in 95 of the patients with clinical diagnosis of viral central nervous system (CNS) disease and confirmed enterovirus infection. Furthermore, we were able to detect EV RNA in 24 (47) out of 51 CSF samples from patients with clinical diagnosis of viral CNS disease and negative laboratory evidence of viral infection. The percentage of positive EV RNA detection in paired CSF and serum samples from 11 patients with an enterovirus isolate in CSF was 100 (11 of 11) and 73 (8 of 11), respectively. In addition, EV-specific IgM was detected in 64 (7 of 11) of the sera tested. The method was also tested against 136 samples of CS from patients with clinical diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Ninety nine of them resulted positive (73), while only 27 (20) had been positive for viral culture. In summary, our study shows the importance of enterovirus RT-nPCR for the diagnosis of enterovirus associated disease in different kind of biological samples and different types of diseases.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis and connective tissue disorders

OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with chronic and recurrent aseptic meningitis.METHOD: A retrospective study of five patients with aseptic meningoencefalitis diagnosed by clinical and CSF findings. CT scans showed without no relevant findings. RESULTS: MRI showed small multifocal lesions hyperintense on T2 weighted images and FLAIR, with mild or no gadolinium enhancement, mainly in periventricular and subcortical regions. Meningoencephalitis preceded the diagnosis of the underlying disease in four patients (Behçet's disease or systemic lupus erythematosus). After the introduction of adequate treatment for the rheumatic disease, they did not present further symptoms of aseptic meningoencephalitis. CONCLUSION: Aseptic meningoencephalitis can be an early presentation of an autoimmune disease. It is important to emphasize the role of MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients.

Variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais para diagnóstico diferencial entre meningites asséptica e piogênica em crianças / Laboratorial and clinical variables to the differential diagnosis between aseptic and pyogenic meningitis in children

Foram estudadas informaçöes obtidas do prontuário de 573 crianças com idade entre 1 mês e 15 anos e diagnóstico de meningite, internadas no Hospital Couto Maia, na cidade de Salvador-Bahia, no período de janeiro-1990 a dezembro-1992. Crises epilépticas, diminuiçäo do nível de consciência e rigidez de nuca foram mais frequentes no grupo com meningite bacteriana. Glicorraquia menor que 45 mg/dL, proteinorraquia igual ou superior a 140 mg/Dl e celularidade liquórica superior a 600 cels/mm3 mostraram-se preditores de meningite piogênica. A análise de curva ROC foi utilizada para estabelecer o melhor ponto de corte nas medidas liquóricas de celularidade, proteínas e glicose capaz de predizer meningite bacteriana. Os resultados encontrados enfatizam que informaçöes clínicas, obtidas com a anamnese e o exame neurológico, e liquóricas simples, definidas pelos níveis de proteína, glicose e análise da celularidade, podem ser utilizadas como medidas de grande acurácia para diferenciar meningite piogênica de asséptica em crianças.

Preliminar characterization of a new virus isolated from the spinal fluid of patients with meningitis in Säo Paulo, Brazil

De dezembro de 1982 a março de 1983 um total de 138 pacientes com idade de 4 meses a 57 anos foram atendidos em diferentes hosptais de Säo Paulo com sintomas de meningite asséptica. Um agente transmissível foi isolado de 35 das 53 amostras de líquor. A replicaçäo desse novo vírus ou de um grupo de vírus relacioandos antigenicamente com características semelhantes foi detectada através do efeito citopático produzido em cultura de células de MDCK. O agente isolado demonstrou ter um diâmtro em torno de 40 nm quando examinado ao microscópio eletrônico através da coloraçäo negativa. Nenhuma atividade hemaglutinante foi detectada em pH 7,2 com hemácias humanas de cobaias ou de galinha e em pH 6,0 - 7,2 com hemácias de ganso. Esse agente näo se mostrou patogênico ao camundongo recém-nascido e adulto, era sensível ao clorofórmio e näo foi inibido pelo BuDR, o que indica conter o genoma RNA

Análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano nas meningites do adulto

Com o objetivo de estudar a sensibilidade, especificidade e eficiência da celularidade total do LCR, percentual de PMN, glicorraquia e proteinorraquia no diagnóstico precoce de meningites bacterianas, todos os casos de meningite aguda e subaguda dos adultos internados no Hospital Nereu Ramos, Florianópolis, Brasil, entre 1982 e 1986 foram analisados. Dezenove casos compuseram o grúpo de meningites comprovadamente bacterianas e 20 o de meningites assépticas de evoluçäo benigna sem antibioticoterapia. Os limites de maior eficiência foram um mínimo de 1000 cels./mm3, 50% de PMN, ou 100 mg/dl de proteínas; ou máximo de 30 mg/dl de glicose. Observamos uma tendência a concomitância destes indicadores de meningite bacteriana. Três ou quatro indicadores foram observados em 92% das meningites bacterianas. Oitenta e cinco por cento das meningites assépticas benignas näo apresentaram indicadores. Todos os pacientes que apresentaram um ou nenhum indicador evoluíram bem sem antibioticoterapia

Meningite asséptica: análise de um surto epidêmico / Aseptic meningitis analysis of an outbreak disease

Foram estudadas as características clínicas e liqüóricas de um surto epidêmico de meningite asséptica, ocorrido de novembro de 1983 a março de 1984, na micro-regiäo da Grande Florianópolis. Nos 77 pacientes estudados, todos com idade inferior a 14 anos, houve um pequeno predomínio do sexo masculino, ocorrendo maior incidência na idade pré-escolar. O quadro clínico caracterizou-se principalmente por sinais gerais de infecçäo acompanhados de sinais meníngeos. O período de internaçäo foi de 1 a 2 dias para a maioria dos pacientes. A celularidade total no L.C.R. situou-se mais freqüentemente entre 11 a 500 células/mm**3. Em 26 amostras de líquor obtidas nos dois primeiros dias de evoluçäo clínica houve uma porcentagem maior que 75 de células polimorfonucleares, enfatizando-se a necessidade de um exame de controle do L.C.R. após algumas horas nos casos de dificuldade de diagnóstico diferencial com as meningites bacterianas agudas. Do mesmo modo salienta-se a importância da determinaçäo da desidrogenase láctica nestes casos. Os resultados encontrados permitem sugerir como possível agente etiológico um enterovírus