الملخص
La clorhidrorrea congénita es un trastorno genético infrecuente pero importante caracterizado por una alteración grave del balance hidroelectrolítico como resultado de un defecto en la absorción intestinal de cloruros. Los niños afectados presentan diarrea persistente, deshidratación y malnutrición; el control médico y del desarrollo son complejos. Mejorar la detección prenatal es esencial para facilitar la atención del paciente, las intervenciones tempranas y el asesoramiento genético informado. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances de la medicina, la naturaleza compleja y la escasa frecuencia de esta entidad, constituyen un desafío para la detección prenatal. En este estudio, se reporta el caso de una embarazada donde los estudios por imágenes de resonancia magnética fetales identificaron en forma efectiva las características típicas de la clorhidrorrea congénita. Se proveen conocimientos sobre las complejidades del diagnóstico y se sugieren caminos para las estrategias de detección temprana de esta enfermedad.
Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) is a rare but significant genetic disorder characterized by severe electrolyte imbalances resulting from impaired intestinal chloride absorption. Affected children experience persistent diarrhea, dehydration, and malnutrition, complicating medical and developmental care. The enhancement of prenatal detection is crucial for improved patient management, early interventions, and informed genetic counseling. However, despite advancements in medicine, the complex nature and rarity of CCD make prenatal detection challenging. In this study, we report a fetal case where prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) effectively identified the distinctive characteristics of CCD, providing insights into the complexities of diagnosis and suggesting avenues for enhanced early detection strategies.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Diarrhea/congenital , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics , Diarrhea/etiology , Genetic Counselingالملخص
Introduction Immunoglobulin represents the main therapy for patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and it is a safe procedure, but adverse events (AEs) can occur with variable frequencies. Objective To evaluate the frequency of immediate AEs to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) regular therapy in a pediatric cohort with IEI after a pre-IVIG infusion protocol. Methods This was a longitudinal study from 2011 to 2019 at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Brazil. Results A total of 1736 infusions were studied in 70 patients with IEI, 46 (65.7%) of whom were males and whose median age was 5.8 years old (range: 6 mo - 18 yo). Seven different brands of IVIG were used with the median loading dose of 0.57g/kg (range: 0.23 - 0.88g/Kg). According to the protocol, pre-medication and step-up infusion rate, were performed in 1305 (75.2%) infusions. Immediate AEs were noted in 10 children (14.3%) and in 22 (1.2%) infusions. Skin reactions (rash or urticaria) were the most common AE with 14 episodes (0.8% of all infusions). Almost all AEs were mild (19/86.4%), with no severe ones being observed. The majority of the AEs (81.8%) was identified at a 0.04ml/kg/min infusion rate. Gender, age at first infusion, presence of infection on the infusion day and change of the IVIG brand were evaluated and none of them were associated with AEs. Conclusion The low frequency of immediate AEs in children with IEI highlights the safety and tolerability of intravenous immunoglobulin replacement with the procedures established at our center.
الموضوعات
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases , Immunoglobulins , Clinical Protocols , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Metabolism, Inborn Errorsالملخص
Abstract Inborn errors of metabolism are rare disorders with few therapeutic options for their treatments, which can make patients suffer with complications. Therefore, compounded drugs might be a promising option given that they have the ability of meeting the patient's specific needs, (i) identification of the main drugs described in the literature; (ii) proposal of compounding systems and (iii) calculation of the budgetary addition for the inclusion of these drugs into the Brazilian Unified Health System. The research conducted a literature review and used management data as well as data obtained from official Federal District government websites. The study identified 31 drugs for the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism. Fifty eight percent (58%) (18) of the medicines had their current demand identified, which are currently unmet by the local Health System. The estimated budget for the production of compounded drugs was of R$363,16.98 per year for approximately 300 patients. This estimated cost represents a budgetary addition of only 0.17% from the total of expenditures planned for drug acquirement. There is a therapeutic gap for inborn errors of metabolism and compounding pharmacies show potential in ensuring access to medicine therapy with a low-cost investment.
الموضوعات
Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Metabolism , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/complications , Patients/classification , Costs and Cost Analysis/statistics & numerical data , Health Services Accessibility/classificationالملخص
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical phenotype and genetic features of two children with MEGDEL syndrome due to variants of the SERAC1 gene.@*METHODS@#Two children who had presented at the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital respectively on July 14, 2020 and July 28, 2018 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical features and results of genetic testing were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Both children had featured developmental delay, dystonia and sensorineural deafness, along with increased urine 3-methylglutaric acid levels. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed changes similar to Leigh-like syndrome. Gene sequencing revealed that both children have harbored pathogenic compound heterozygous variants of the SERAC1 gene, including c.1159C>T and c.442C>T in child 1, and c.1168C>T and exons 4~9 deletion in child 2.@*CONCLUSION@#Children with MEGDEL syndrome due to SERAC1 gene variants have variable clinical genotypes. Delineation of its clinical characteristics and typical imaging changes can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. Discovery of the novel variants has also enriched the spectrum of SERAC1 gene variants.
الموضوعات
Humans , Retrospective Studies , Metabolism, Inborn Errors , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics , Dystonia , Carboxylic Ester Hydrolasesالملخص
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical features and genetic basis for a child with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type VII.@*METHODS@#A child who was diagnosed at the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital on August 9, 2019 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child, including urine gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, were collected. The child and her parents were subjected to whole exome sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The child, a female neonate, had presented mainly with intermittent skin cyanosis, convulsions, hypomagnesemia, apnea, neutropenia after birth. Her urine 3-methylpentenedioic acid has increased to 17.53 μmol/L. DNA sequencing revealed that she has harbored compound heterozygous variants of the CLPB gene, namely c.1016delT (p.L339Rfs*5) and c.1087A>G (p.R363G), which were respectively inherited from her mother and father. Both variants were unreported previously. Based on the standards from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variants were respectively predicted to be pathogenic and likely pathogenic.@*CONCLUSION@#The child was diagnosed with 3-methylglutenedioic aciduria type VII. Discovery of the c.1016delT and c.1087A>G variants has enriched the mutational spectrum of the CLPB gene.
الموضوعات
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Base Sequence , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis , Mutation , Neutropenia/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNAالملخص
Renal calculus is a common disease with complex etiology and high recurrence rate. Recent studies have revealed that gene mutations may lead to metabolic defects which are associated with the formation of renal calculus, and single gene mutation is involved in relative high proportion of renal calculus. Gene mutations cause changes in enzyme function, metabolic pathway, ion transport, and receptor sensitivity, causing defects in oxalic acid metabolism, cystine metabolism, calcium ion metabolism, or purine metabolism, which may lead to the formation of renal calculus. The hereditary conditions associated with renal calculus include primary hyperoxaluria, cystinuria, Dent disease, familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, Bartter syndrome, primary distal renal tubular acidosis, infant hypercalcemia, hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, and hereditary xanthinuria. This article reviews the research progress on renal calculus associated with inborn error of metabolism, to provide reference for early screening, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and recurrence of renal calculus.
الموضوعات
Infant , Humans , Hypercalciuria/genetics , Kidney Calculi/genetics , Urolithiasis/genetics , Nephrocalcinosis/genetics , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/geneticsالملخص
Aromatase deficiency (AD) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in aromatase gene (CYP19A1), leading to congenital estrogen deficiency syndrome. Both mothers of AD patients during pregnancy and female AD fetus show virilization, while male patients are usually diagnosed in adulthood due to continued height increase and metabolic abnormalities. In 2019, a patient with AD was admitted in the Second Xiangya Hospital. The patient was a 37-year-old adult male who continued to grow linearly after adulthood. His estradiol was below the measurable line, the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) increased, bone age delayed, epiphysis unfused, and the bone mass reduced. CYP19A1 gene detection showed that c.1093C>T, p.R365W was homozygous mutation. This disease is rare in clinic. Clinicians need to raise awareness of the disease for early diagnosis and treatment to improve the long-term prognosis of patients.
الموضوعات
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , 46, XX Disorders of Sex Development/genetics , Aromatase/metabolism , Gynecomastia/genetics , Infertility, Male , Metabolism, Inborn Errors , Mutationالملخص
Introdução: De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, a prevalência de doenças raras (abaixo de 65 casos/100.000 habitantes) é de 6%, e variável na dependência da população em estudo. Há 6.172 doenças raras (DR) catalogadas. Esquemas vacinais específicos para DR não estão disponíveis no Brasil, e esta orientação é limitada na maioria dos países. Objetivos: Identificar e propor esquemas específicos de imunização para pacientes com DR, tendo-se em conta segurança e eficácia. Fonte de dados: Revisão não sistemática da literatura, com busca de artigos de 2000 a 2020 no PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO e Orphanet usando os termos "rare diseases" ou "inborn errors of metabolism" ou "cystic fibrosis" ou "inborn errors of immunity" e "vaccines" ou "immunization" ou "vaccination", nos idiomas inglês, francês, espanhol e português. Conclusões: A imunização de pessoas com DR é tema complexo, com poucas recomendações publicadas a este respeito, e na maioria das vezes realizada de modo empírico. É importante que a equipe médica que acompanha esses pacientes tenha um olhar abrangente e proporcione a prevenção mais completa possível.
Background: According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of rare diseases (below 65 cases/100 000 population) is 6% and may vary depending on the study population. There are 6172 rare diseases (RD) listed. RD-specific vaccine schemes are not available in Brazil, and guidance is limited in most countries. Objectives: To identify and propose specific immunization schemes for RD patients, valuing safety and efficacy. Data source: A nonsystematic literature review was conducted, with search for articles from 2000 to 2020 on PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO, and Orphanet with the terms "rare diseases" or "inborn errors of metabolism" or "cystic fibrosis" or "inborn errors of immunity" and "vaccines" or "immunization" or "vaccination," in English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese languages. Conclusions: Immunization of RD patients is a complex topic with few published recommendations, most often produced empirically. The medical teams following up these patients should have a more comprehensive insight and provide the most complete prevention possible.
الموضوعات
Humans , Societies, Medical , Immunization , Vaccination , Rare Diseases , Patients , World Health Organization , Vaccines , Efficacy , Cystic Fibrosis , PubMed , Allergy and Immunology , Metabolism, Inborn Errorsالملخص
La terapia de reemplazo enzimático disminuye la morbilidad y mejora la calidad de vida de los pacientes con mucopolisacaridosisii. Se han descrito reacciones de hipersensibilidad inmediata a este fármaco. La desensibilización es un tratamiento que induce la tolerancia temporaria a una droga y permite al paciente alérgico recibir la medicación.Se presenta el caso de un niño de 7 años con diagnóstico de síndrome de Hunter que, luego de 4 años de tratamiento con idursulfase, tuvo dos episodios de anafilaxia durante la infusión del fármaco. Se detectó inmunoglubulina E específica mediante pruebas cutáneas, y fue positiva la intradermorreacción con dilución 1/10 (0,2 mg/ml). Se realizó un protocolo de desensibilización de 12 pasos, sin presentar eventos adversos. La evaluación alergológica y la posibilidad de desensibilización constituyeron herramientas útiles en el manejo de nuestro paciente
Enzyme replacement therapy with idursulfase decreases morbidity and improves quality of life of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis ii. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to this drug have been described. Desensitization is a treatment that induces temporary tolerance to a culprit drug, allowing the allergic patient to receive the medication.We present the case of a 7-year-old patient diagnosed with Hunter syndrome who presented, after 4 years of treatment, two episodes of anaphylaxis during the infusion of idursulfase. Detection of specific immunoglobulin E was carried out using skin tests, with intradermal reaction at a 1/10 dilution (0.2 mg/ml) being positive. A 12-step desensitization protocol was performed without presenting adverse events.The allergological evaluation and the possibility of desensitization were useful tools in the management of our patient.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Child , Desensitization, Immunologic/methods , Enzyme Replacement Therapy , Mucopolysaccharidosis II/drug therapy , Hypersensitivity, Immediate , Metabolism, Inborn Errorsالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: We assessed plasma adiponectin and its correlation with carotid intima-media-thickness (CIMT), as a marker of atherosclerosis, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Subjects and methods: The study included 100 Egyptian subjects (50 patients with NAFLD with no history of diabetes or hypertension and 50 age and sex-matched normal healthy control subjects). Urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was assessed in all participants and fasting plasma adiponectin was measured using ELISA technique. Ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD. CIMT was assessed using high-resolution Doppler ultrasonography. Results: Mild albuminuria was detected in patients with NAFLD (mean urine ACR = 42 ± 30 mg/g). Plasma adiponectin was significantly lower and urine ACR and CIMT significantly higher in patients with NAFLD as compared with the control group (P < 0.001 for all). A significant negative correlation was found between plasma adiponectin and both urine ACR and CIMT in patients with NAFLD (P < 0.001 and < 0.05 respectively). A significant positive correlation was also found between CIMT and urine ACR in those patients (P < 0.05). Plasma adiponectin and urine ACR were independent determinants of CIMT in patients with NAFLD (P < 0.01 and < 0.05 respectively). Conclusion: Patients with NAFLD, without diabetes, have an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Hypoadiponectinemia and low-grade albuminuria are important markers of that risk.
الموضوعات
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Adiponectin , Adiponectin/deficiency , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Creatinine , Albumins , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Heart Disease Risk Factorsالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize metabolic control and verify whether it has any relation with socioeconomic, demographic, and body composition variables in children and adolescents with phenylketonuria (PKU) diagnosed in the neonatal period. Methods: This cohort study collected retrospective data of 53 phenylketonuric children and adolescents. Data on family income, housing, and mother's age and schooling level were collected, and anthropometric measures of body composition and distribution were taken. All dosages of phenylalanine (Phe) from the last five years (2015-2019) were evaluated and classified regarding their adequacy (cutoffs: 0-12 years: 2-6 mg/dL; 12-19 years: 2-10 mg/dL). Adequate metabolic control was considered if ≥7%) of the dosages were within desired ranges. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age in the last year was 10.1±4.6 years. Most of them were under 12 years old (33/53; 62.3%) and had the classic form of the disease (39/53; 73.6%). Better metabolic control was observed among adolescents (68.4 versus 51.4%; p=0.019). Overweight was found in 9/53 (17%) and higher serum Phe levels (p<0.001) were found in this group of patients. Metabolic control with 70% or more Phe level adequacy decreased along with the arm muscle area (AMA) (ptendency=0.042), being 70.0% among those with low reserve (low AMA), and 18.5% among those with excessive reserve (high AMA). Conclusions: Adequate metabolic control was observed in most patients. The findings suggest that, in this sample, the levels of phenylalanine may be related to changes in body composition.
RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar o controle metabólico e verificar se existe relação entre ele, variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e composição corporal de crianças e adolescentes com fenilcetonúria (FNC) diagnosticada no período neonatal. Métodos: Coorte com coleta retrospectiva de dados de 53 crianças e adolescentes fenilcetonúricos. Foram coletados dados de renda familiar, moradia, idade e escolaridade materna e realizaram-se medidas antropométricas de composição e distribuição corporal. Todas as dosagens de fenilalanina (Fal) dos últimos cinco anos (2015-2019) foram avaliadas e classificadas quanto à adequação (cortes: 0-12 anos: 2-6 mg/dL; 12-19 anos: 2-10 mg/dL). A proporção de dosagens adequadas ≥70% foi considerada como controle metabólico adequado. Resultados: A média (±desvio padrão) de idade, no último ano, foi de 10,1±4,6 anos. A maioria tinha menos de 12 anos (33/53; 62,3%) e apresentava a forma clássica da doença (39/53; 73,6%). Observou-se melhor controle metabólico entre os adolescentes (68,4 vs. 51,4%; p=0,019). Excesso de peso foi encontrado em 9/53 (17%) e maiores níveis séricos de Fal foram descritos nesse grupo (p<0,001). O percentual de controle metabólico com 70% ou mais de adequação dos níveis de Fal foi decrescente de acordo com a área muscular do braço (AMB; ptendência=0,042), sendo de 70% entre os de baixa reserva (AMB reduzida) e de 18,5% entre os com excesso (AMB elevada). Conclusões: Observou-se controle metabólico adequado na maioria dos avaliados e os achados sugerem que, nesta amostra, os níveis de fenilalanina podem estar relacionados com alterações da composição corporal.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Phenylalanine/blood , Phenylketonurias/diagnosis , Phenylketonurias/metabolism , Body Composition/physiology , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis , Phenylketonurias/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Case-Control Studies , Anthropometry/methods , Demography , Nutritional Status , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Overweight/epidemiology , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/blood , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/epidemiologyالملخص
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of a child with MEGDEL syndrome.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of the child was reviewed. Peripheral blood samples of the child and his parents were collected. Mitochondrial genome and the whole exome of the child were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Candidate variants and its origin were verified by Sanger sequencing and fluorescence quantitative PCR.@*RESULTS@#The patient, a 2-year-and-6-month-old male, has featured hypoglycemia, mental and motor retardation with regression. Cranial MRI showed bilateral putamen damage suggestive of Leigh syndrome. Testing of urine organic acid indicated that the level of 3-methylpentenoic acid was slightly increased. Whole exome sequencing revealed that the child has harbored heterozygous deletion of exons 6 to 17 and c.307A>T nonsense variant of the SERAC1 gene, which were respectively inherited from his parents who were asymptomatic. Treatment with Levocarnitine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, coenzyme Q10, baclofen and glucuronolactone resulted in improvement of sleep and mental state.@*CONCLUSION@#A case of MEGDEL syndrome without deafness was diagnosed. Discovery of the nonsense mutation and large fragment deletion have enriched the spectrum of SERAC1 gene variants.
الموضوعات
Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics , Leigh Disease , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics , Molecular Biology , Mutationالملخص
Pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) is an effective strategy of treating various acute or chronic end-stage liver diseases and inherited metabolic diseases in children.PLT has been applied in many transplant centers nationwide and has achieved satisfactory results.However,the development of transplant centers is uneven,and there is a lack of consensus and standards within the industry.In order to reduce post-operative complications,accelerate post-operative recovery,and improve the short-and long-term quality of life of children,the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association organized multidisciplinary experts to summarize the progress of domestic and international research,and formulated a perioperative consensus on PLT based on the principles of evidence-based medicine.The consensus provides recommendations for perioperative PLT from three aspects:preoperative assessment and preparation,intraoperative management and postoperative management,in order to provide reference guidelines for centers that are conducting or preparing to conduct PLT.
الموضوعات
Child , Humans , Consensus , End Stage Liver Disease/therapy , Enhanced Recovery After Surgery/standards , Liver Transplantation/standards , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/therapy , Perioperative Care/standards , Practice Guidelines as Topicالملخص
ABSTRACT As palatability of medical formulas has been documented as unpleasant, new options are required to improve acceptance and adherence in people with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) has a glycoprotein named miraculin that transforms a sour, bitter taste such as the one found in metabolic formula, into a sweet perception. The objective of this work is to analyze the response in the taste perception of metabolic formula with the use of the miraculin tablets in patients with IEM and healthy adults. To test this hypothesis a prospective, longitudinal, quasi-experimental, analytical study was performed. Patients with IEM and healthy adults were recruited. All participants assessed 3 different liquids (lemon, apple cider vinegar and metabolic formula) before and after the administration of miraculin tablets and completed a questionnaire. The sensory responses were evaluated using hedonic scales, analyzed with nonparametric tests for paired data. Seven patients with IEM and 14 healthy subjects were included. After miraculin intake 57% of patients (Z ≤ -1.89 p= 0.059) and healthy adults (Z≤ -2.31 p= 0.021) had a positive change in their taste perception. The absolute frequency of patients who did not like the metabolic formula decreased from 4 to 1, and in patients who liked it or loved, it increased from 0 to 2 and from 0 to 1 respectively; the frequency of patients who perceived the metabolic formula as indifferent or hated it, did not change. Response in taste perception had a positive change of 57% in both groups. The use of miraculin tablets may improve palatability of metabolic formula.
RESUMEN La palatabilidad de las fórmulas médicas se ha reportado como desagradable, se requieren nuevas opciones para mejorar la aceptación en personas con errores innatos del metabolismo (EIM). La fruta milagrosa (Synsepalum dulcificum) contiene una glucoproteína llamada miraculina que transforma el sabor agrio y amargo en dulce. El objetivo fue analizar la respuesta en la percepción del sabor de la fórmula metabólica con el uso de las tabletas de miraculina en pacientes con EIM y adultos sanos. Se realizó un estudio analítico prospectivo, longitudinal, cuasi-experimental. Los participantes evaluaron la percepción de 3 líquidos (limón, vinagre de manzana y fórmula metabólica) antes y después de la administración de tabletas de miraculina y completaron un cuestionario. Las respuestas sensoriales se evaluaron mediante escalas hedónicas, analizadas con pruebas no paramétricas para datos pareados. Se incluyeron 7 pacientes con EIM y 14 adultos sanos. Después de la miraculina el 57% de los pacientes (Z ≤ -1,89 p= 0,059) y adultos sanos (Z≤ -2,31 p= 0,021) tuvieron un cambio positivo en su percepción del sabor. La frecuencia absoluta de pacientes a los que no les gustó la fórmula disminuyó de 4 a 1, y en quienes les gustó o les encantó, aumentó de 0 a 2 y de 0 a 1 respectivamente; la frecuencia de los pacientes que percibieron la fórmula como indiferente u odiada, no cambió. La respuesta en la percepción del sabor cambió positivamente en el 57% en ambos grupos. El uso de miraculina puede mejorar la palatabilidad de la fórmula metabólica.
الموضوعات
Adolescent , Adult , Biotransformation , Synsepalum , Taste Perception , Fruit , Amino Acids , Metabolism, Inborn Errorsالملخص
La Parálisis Cerebral (PC) es un conjunto de alteraciones motrices no progresivas en la población infantojuvenil, ocasionadas por lesión a nivel cerebral- de neuronas o fibras de esa vía, de sus aferencias o de las que la modulan; para su diagnóstico deben conocerse otras patologías también frecuentes y que pueden incidir simultánea o causalmente en la motricidad del paciente; la resultante sería disfunción motora tanto voluntaria como involuntaria, refleja o con propósito, de la postura y/o del tono muscular. Objetivo: detectar errores innatos metabólicos (EIM) que causan o se asocian con PC en una serie significativa. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-interpretativo, se revisaron los expedientes clínicos del Centro de Parálisis Cerebral de Caracas, en cuyos diagnósticos se presentaron ambas alteraciones, entre los años 1988 y 2018. Resultados: De las 2.000 historias clínicas revisadas, el exámen clínico y las pruebas de laboratorio permitieron seleccionar 174 casos de EIM. Conclusiones: Se tipificaron los errores innatos metabólicos en diez formas clínicas distintas, se evidenciaron en pacientes con PC atendidos en un centro público de Caracas, es posible que la casuística sea varias veces mayor en Venezuela dado que ya no se aplica la pesquisa en los centros de atención pública(AU)
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a set of non-progressive motor alterations in the child and youth population, caused by injury - at the brain level - of neurons or fibers of that pathway, their afferences or those that modulate it; for its diagnosis, other pathologies that are also frequent and that can simultaneously or causally affect the motor skills of the same patient must be known; The result would be both voluntary and involuntary motor dysfunction, reflected or with purpose, of posture and / or muscle tone. Objective: to detect inborn metabolic errors (EIM) that cause or are associated with CP in a significant series. Methods: Descriptive-interpretive study, we reviewed the clinical records of the Cerebral Palsy Center of Caracas, in whose diagnoses both alterations were presented, between the years 1988 and 2018. Results: Of the 2,000 clinical histories reviewed, the clinical examination and tests Laboratory tests allowed the selection of 174 cases of IMD. Conclusions: Inborn metabolic errors were typified in ten different clinical forms, they were evidenced in patients with CP treated in a public center in Caracas, it is possible that the casuistry is several times greater in Venezuela since the investigation is no longer applied in the centers of public attention(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Cerebral Palsy/pathology , Metabolism, Inborn Errors , Neurons/metabolism , Pediatrics , Nervous System Diseasesالملخص
El término Origen Temprano de las Enfermedades del Adulto explica la aparición temprana de las condiciones anormales cardiovasculares y metabólicas en la vida adulta, mayor riesgo de morbilidad y muerte asociados a factores ambientales, especialmente nutricionales, que actúan en las primeras etapas de la vida. Estas respuestas programadas dependen de la naturaleza del estímulo o noxa, del tiempo de exposición y del momento de ocurrencia de la noxa, pudiendo un solo genotipo original varios fenotipos y estarían condicionadas por criterios críticos en los cuales se desarrollarían cambios a largo plazo pudiendo ser reversibles o no. La Programación Fetal explica que respuestas adaptativas embrionarias y fetales en un ambiente subóptimo genera consecuencias adversas permanentes. La desnutrición, así como la sobrenutrición fetal aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar alteraciones en el peso y composición corporal fetal, y posteriormente obesidad, síndrome metabólico, incremento en la adiposidad, alteración en el metabolismo de la glucosa y / o insulina, alteración del metabolismo lipídico, alteraciones hepáticas y de las cifras tensionales. La impronta genómica es esencial para el desarrollo y defectos en la misma puede originar alteraciones de la identidad parental transmisibles a las siguientes generaciones. Esta programación fetal puede ser explicada por la epigenética, definida como la serie de alteraciones hereditarias de la expresión genética a través de modificaciones del ADN y las histonas centrales sin cambios en la secuencia de ADN. Estas modificaciones epigenéticas alteran la estructura y condensación de la cromatina, afectando la expresión del genotipo y fenotipo. Este artículo desarrolla los aspectos involucrados en la Programación Fetal y los posibles mecanismos sobre la misma(AU)
The term Early Origin of Adult Diseases explains the early onset of abnormal cardiovascular and metabolic conditions in adult life, increased risk of morbidity and death associated with environmental factors, especially nutritional factors, that act in the early stages of life. These programmed responses depend on the nature of the stimulus or noxa, the time of exposure and the moment of occurrence of the noxa, with a single original genotype being able to have several phenotypes and would be conditioned by critical criteria in which long-term changes could develop, reversibles or not. Fetal Programming explains that embryonic and fetal adaptive responses in a suboptimal environment generate permanent adverse consequences. Fetal malnutrition as overnutrition increases the risk of developing alterations in fetal body weight and composition, and subsequently obesity, metabolic syndrome, increased adiposity, impaired glucose and / or insulin metabolism, impaired lipid metabolism, liver disorders and altered blood pressure. The genomic imprint is essential for development and defects in it can cause alterations of the parental identity and are transmitted to the following generations. This fetal programming can be explained by epigenetics, defined as the series of inherited alterations of genetic expression through modifications of DNA and central histones without changes in the DNA sequence. These epigenetic modifications alter the structure and condensation of chromatin, affecting the expression of the genotype and phenotype. This article develops the aspects involved in Fetal Programming and the possible mechanisms on it(AU)
الموضوعات
Humans , Fetal Nutrition Disorders , Fetal Development , Noxae , Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases , Body Composition , Hypothalamus/anatomy & histology , Metabolism, Inborn Errorsالملخص
OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of an infant girl featuring comprehensive developmental backwardness.@*METHODS@#The patient was subjected to clinical examination, gas chromatography mass spectrometry and next-generation sequencing (NGS).@*RESULTS@#The child was insensitive to sound, could not turn over, raise head, laugh or recognize his mother. Laboratory tests were all normal, but metabolic analysis suggested 3-methylglutaconic aciduria due to elevated 3-methylglutaconic acid and 3-methylglutaric acid. NGS has detected two compound heterozygous CLPB variants in the child, namely c.1085G>A and c.1700A>C, which were respectively inherited from her father and mother. Bioinformatic analysis predicted both variants to be pathogenic. The patient was diagnosed with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type VII (MGCA7).@*CONCLUSION@#The MGCA7 in the child was probably caused by CLPB gene variants. NGS has provided a powerful diagnostic tool for this rare disorder.