الملخص
Background and Objectives@#With the global population aging, there is an emerging need for access to quality longterm care (LTC) services. Many countries have developed LTC systems while others are at the infancy stage. This paper aimed to provide an overview of the country’s readiness for LTC based on the perspectives of relevant stakeholders. Specifically, it described the roles, initiatives, and challenges of relevant organizations and community leaders for LTC provision. It also described the older persons (OPs) and carers’ perspectives towards LTC including their awareness, capacity, and preferences.
الموضوعات
Home Care Services , Long-Term Care , Nursing Homes , Philippinesالملخص
INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity are considered risk factors for the health of the elderly, which may cause or worsen the reduction in functional capacity. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity among community-dwelling and institutionalized female elderly in Caxias do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: Observational epidemiological study, with cross-sectional design. 423 elderly women (≥60 years old) institutionalized and community-dwellers, participated in the study. Sarcopenia was identified according to the criteria established by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). The gait speed test estimated low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) by bioimpedance, low handgrip strength using a hand dynamometer, and low physical performance. Obesity was defined as Body Mass Index ≥27.0kg/m² and sarcopenic obesity by the simultaneous occurrence of obesity and sarcopenia. The Chi-Square test was performed, with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of obesity was 53.9%. Sarcopenia was observed in 16.3% of the total sample, affecting 7.5% of the elderly in the community and 25.1% in institutions (p≤0.0001). Regarding sarcopenic obesity, 0.9% of the community and 3.8% of institutionalized elderly presented the dysfunction. Non-sarcopenic elderly women had a high prevalence of obesity. In the elderly of both groups, sarcopenia was more frequent in those with advanced age. CONCLUSION: Institutionalized elderly women had a higher prevalence of sarcopenia, emphasizing the importance of paying attention to the health of this population and highlighting the need for preventive measures.
INTRODUÇÃO: Sarcopenia, obesidade e obesidade sarcopênica são consideradas fatores de risco à saúde dos idosos, podendo ocasionar ou agravar a redução da capacidade funcional. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de sarcopenia, obesidade e obesidade sarcopênica entre idosas da comunidade e institucionalizadas de Caxias do Sul/RS. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico observacional, com delineamento transversal. Participaram do estudo 423 idosas (≥60 anos) institucionalizadas e da comunidade. A sarcopenia foi identificada conforme os critérios estabelecidos pelo Grupo de Trabalho Europeu sobre Sarcopenia em Idosos (EWGSOP), utilizando baixa massa muscular esquelética (MME) por bioimpedância, baixa força de preensão manual em dinamômetro manual e baixo desempenho físico no teste de velocidade de marcha. Identificou-se a obesidade pelo Índice de Massa Corporal ≥27,0kg/m² e a obesidade sarcopênica pelo diagnóstico simultâneo de obesidade e sarcopenia. Realizou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado e regressão de Poisson, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral de obesidade foi de 53,9%. 16,3% da amostra total apresentava sarcopenia, presente em 7,5% das idosas da comunidade e 25,1% das institucionalizadas (p≤0.0001). Referente a obesidade sarcopênica 0,9% da comunidade e 3,8% das institucionalizadas apresentaram a disfunção. Idosas não sarcopênicas apresentaram elevada prevalência de obesidade. Nas idosas de ambos os grupos, a sarcopenia foi mais frequente naquelas com idade avançada. CONCLUSÃO: Idosas institucionalizadas apresentaram maior prevalência de sarcopenia, acentuando a importância em atentar à saúde desta população e evidenciando a necessidade de medidas preventivas.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aging , Residence Characteristics , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Sarcopenia/epidemiology , Homes for the Aged , Nursing Homes , Obesity/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Sociodemographic Factors , Motor Skillsالملخص
This study aimed to determine pain assessment approaches and pain management strategies in elderly people in a nursing home.The cross-sectional-descriptive study sample consisted of 147 older adults living in a nursing home in Turkey in 2019. They all agreed to participate in the study (n = 147); however, as our research was about older adultswith pain problems, the study was completed with a total of 108 older adultsexperiencing pain problems. The participants' average age was 73.60 ± 6.97 years. Geriatric pain scale scores were higher for women aged 75 years and over, those who had a chronic disease and those who received analgesics, and there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores (p < 0.05). Nurses must pay attention to pain assessment and management in nursing homes because of the adverse effects of pain on older adults' health status, vital functions, and well-being.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Pain/nursing , Pain/drug therapy , Pain Measurement/nursing , Aged , Prevalence , Pain Management/nursing , Homes for the Aged , Health Status , Geriatric Nursing , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Nurses , Nursing Homesالملخص
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the first COVID-19 pandemic at Casa Ondina Lobo, a philanthropic nursing home in São Paulo city, and the containment measures against the pandemic that proved to be effective. Methods: Several preventive measures were taken before and during the pandemic, with emphasis on universal testing by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for COVID-19. All residents and employees were tested twice in a D9 period. Results: Among the 62 residents and 55 employees, in both testing, eight residents and nine employees tested positive for COVID-19. Of 22% of employees and 75% of residents evolved asymptomatic, emphasizing the importance of universal testing for the detection and isolation of these cases. A quarter of residents evolved without any symptoms, however, with COVID-19 signs, reinforcing the importance of monitoring vital signs. The second testing did not detect any new cases among residents, demonstrating the effectiveness of the containment measures, however, it found four new cases among employees. This emphasized their role in COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes. Only one patient died, a 12.5% lethality among those known to be infected and a 1.6% mortality in the total population of residents were seen. Conclusion: The adoption of appropriate containment measures enabled to contain an COVID-19 pandemic in studied nursing home. Universal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing for COVID-19 has proved to be particularly important and effective.
الموضوعات
Humans , COVID-19/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Pandemics/prevention & control , COVID-19 Testing , Nursing Homesالملخص
Resumen La infección respiratoria es uno de los diagnósticos más frecuentes en el ámbito sanitario asociado a una elevada mortalidad. Residir en una residencia de ancianos podría ser un factor de riesgo predictivo de mortalidad. El objetivo fue estudiar las características de los pacientes con infección respiratoria según procedieran de su domicilio o de residencias de ancianos, y analizar si la procedencia es un factor de riesgo de mortalidad. Se trata de un estudio de cohortes prospectivo. Participaron 208 pacientes con infección respiratoria ingresados en un Servicio de Medicina Interna. Se recogieron variables clínicas, analíticas, epidemio lógicas, pronosticas y terapéuticas realizándose un análisis multivariado. Los pacientes tuvieron una edad media 83 años y 135 (64.9%) procedían de su domicilio. El 44.7% presentaban insuficiencia cardiaca como antecedente clínico. La mayoría cumplían criterios de pluripatología, polifarmacia y tenían una dependencia moderada según índice de Barthel. La mortalidad durante el internamiento hospitalario fue de 16 pacientes (7.7%), y durante el seguimiento a seis meses de 37 (17.8%). Los procedentes de residencias de ancianos presentaron una mayor mortalidad, un 37%, que los que vivían en su propio domicilio, un 19,3% (p = 0.005). En el análisis multivariado los factores pronósticos de mortalidad fueron un mayor nivel de urea al ingreso (OR = 2.33, IC 95% = 1.06-5.11) y la no prescripción de oxígeno al alta (OR = 2.96, IC 95% = 1.29-6.82). En conclusión, se observó un mayor porcentaje de mortalidad en los pacientes procedentes de residencias de ancianos, sin embargo, es necesario realizar más investigaciones para clarificar si el residir en un centro geriátrico puede ser considerado un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad.
Abstract Respiratory infection is one of the most frequent diagnoses associated with high mortality. Living in a nursing home could be a predictive risk factor for mortality. The objective was to study the characteristics of patients with respi ratory infection according to whether they came from their home or nursing homes, and to analyze whether their origin is a risk factor for mortality. It was a prospective cohort study, that included 208 patients with respiratory infection admitted to the Internal Medicine Service, that participated in the study. Clinical, analytical, epidemiologi cal, prognostic and therapeutic variables were collected and a multivariate analysis was performed. Patients had an average age of 83 years and 64.9% came from their home. 44.7% had heart failure as a clinical history. Most of patients met criteria of pluripatology, polypharmacy and were moderately dependent according to Barthel's index. Mortality at admission was 16 patients (7.7%), and during the six-month follow-up of 37 patients (17.8%). Those coming from nursing homes had a higher mortality rate, 37%, than those who lived in their own home, 19.3% (p = 0.005). In the multivariate analysis, the prognostic factors for mortality were a higher level of urea at admission (OR = 2.33, IC 95% = 1.06-5.11) and the non-prescription of oxygen at discharge (OR = 2.96, IC 95% = 1.29-6.82). In conclusion, a higher percentage of mortality is observed in patients coming from nursing homes, however further research is needed to clarify whether living in a residence for elderly can be considered an independent risk factor for mortality.
الموضوعات
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Respiratory Tract Infections , Nursing Homes , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Hospitalizationالملخص
El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la prescripción de los medicamentos ansiolíticos utilizados en población de adultos mayores institucionalizados en el hogar de ancianos de Pinar del Río durante el año 2017.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, con recogida de datos retrospectiva, sobre prescripción de medicamentos ansiolíticos en la población de adultos mayores institucionalizados en el hogar de ancianos, se analizó la forma de utilización de los medicamentos, su indicación y prescripción con elementos de esquema terapéutico y factores que condicionan los hábitos de prescripción. Se trabajó con el universo (U= 98) de estudio el cual estuvo conformado por el total de pacientes institucionalizados, que estaban consumiendo ansiolíticos. Se revisaron las historias clínicas individuales y se confeccionó un modelo de recolección de datos.El medicamento más consumido por los adultos mayores fue el nitrazepam (41,8 %), siendo este a su vez el más consumido por el sexo masculino, no así para el femenino que resultó ser el clorodiazepóxido (64,6 %), el grupo de edad que más predominó fue el de 60-69 años, asimismo los viudos y el nivel educacional primario, el 79,5 % de los ancianos consume otros medicamentos que poseen interacción farmacocinética. El profesional que más indicó fue el médico de familia, la prescripción e intervalos entre dosis fue adecuada, la prescripción se consideró no racional.La prescripción de ansiolíticos en la población objeto de estudio, disminuye a medida que aumenta la edad, los más consumidores son los del sexo masculino y los institucionalizados por abandono familiar, esto apunta a la necesidad de continuar trabajando desde el nivel primario de atención dado que es de donde proceden estos ancianos.
The objective of this study was to characterize the prescription of anxiolytic medications used in the institutionalized elderly population at the Pinar del Río Nursing Home during 2017.A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, with retrospective data collection, on the prescription of anxiolytic medications in the population of institutionalized older adults in the Nursing Home, the form of use of the medications, their indication and prescription with elements of the therapeutic scheme was analyzed and factors that condition prescription habits. We worked with the universe (U = 98) of the study, which was made up of the total number of institutionalized patients who were consuming anxiolytics. Individual medical records were reviewed and a data collection model was created.The drug most consumed by older adults was nitrazepam (41.8%), this in turn being the most consumed by males, not so for females, which turned out to be chlorodiazepoxide (64.6%), the group The most prevalent age group was 60-69 years, likewise widowers and primary educational level, 79.5% of the elderly consume other drugs that have pharmacokinetic interaction. The professional who indicated the most was the family doctor, the prescription and intervals between doses were adequate, the prescription was considered non-rational.The prescription of anxiolytics in the population under study decreases as age increases, the most consumers are those of the male sex and those institutionalized due to family abandonment, this points to the need to continue working from the primary level of care since that is where these elders come from.
الموضوعات
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Drug Prescriptions , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Chlordiazepoxide/therapeutic use , Homes for the Aged , Nitrazepam/therapeutic use , Nursing Homes , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Age Distributionالملخص
Resumen Ante la pandemia de COVID-19, el grupo más afectado ha sido el de las personas mayores que viven en instituciones de cuidados a largo plazo (ICLP), el cual ha acumulado entre 30 y 60 % de los fallecimientos en el mundo. En México se han reportado brotes en residencias de por lo menos ocho entidades federativas. Diversos factores hacen susceptibles a este grupo y a las ICLP: la convivencia en lugares comunes, dormitorios compartidos y el contacto físico con el personal que ahí labora, aunados a la falta de protocolos y estándares de cuidados de observancia obligatoria, así como a la escasa capacitación del personal. Se evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar un Sistema Nacional de Cuidados que brinde apoyo a las personas con dependencia de cuidados y sus familias y que incluya a las ICLP. Derivado de los retos por la carencia de información y competencias en prevención y control de infecciones en las ICLP, un conjunto de expertos, en colaboración con instituciones públicas, integramos un grupo con el objetivo de actualizar las guías que permitan a las ICLP hacer frente a la pandemia y que contribuyan a la generación de ese Sistema Nacional de Cuidados.
Abstract Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the most affected population group has been that of older people living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), which has accumulated between 30 and 60 % of total number of deaths in the world. In Mexico, outbreaks have been reported in LTCFs of at least eight states. Various factors make this population group and LTCFs susceptible to COVID-1 outbreaks, mainly due to coexistence in common spaces, shared bedrooms and permanent physical contact with the personnel who work there, coupled with a lack of protocols and standards of care of mandatory observance, as well as personnel training limitations. There is evidence of the need to formally develop a National Care System that provides support to those in need of care and their families, and that includes LTCFs. In view of the challenges due to the lack of information and competencies in infection prevention and control at LTCFs, a group of experts, in collaboration with different public institutions, joined efforts with the purpose to update the guidelines in order to allow LTCFs face the pandemic and to contribute to the generation of said National Care System.
الموضوعات
Humans , Aged , Long-Term Care , COVID-19/epidemiology , Homes for the Aged , Nursing Homes , Mexico/epidemiologyالملخص
Resumen Este artículo tiene como objeto analizar la crisis de la atención residencial en España en el contexto de la Covid-19 y su impacto en una elevada mortalidad y el abandono de la población usuaria. Se analizan sus causas inmediatas, mediatas y estructurales. De manera específica se analiza la precariedad en el empleo en las residencias a lo largo de la pasada década como una de las principales causas explicativas de la crisis estructural de las residencias. El enfoque teórico de análisis es el modelo de atención integral y centrada en la persona (AICP) basado en la autonomía de las personas y en la centralidad de sus derechos. La metodología combina el análisis cuantitativo en lo referente al empleo junto con una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis de documentos y debates. El artículo concluye proponiendo una reforma integral de los cuidados de larga duración que incluya tanto un cambio en la atención residencial bajo la forma de pequeñas unidades de convivencia, como un reforzamiento de la atención en el domicilio y la comunidad en cuanto preferencia creciente la población mayor. La combinación óptima de la atención residencial y domiciliaria es la propuesta básica de este trabajo.
Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze the residential care crisis in Spain in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on high mortality and abandonment of the user population. The direct, indirect and structural causes are analyzed. Specifically, precarious employment in residences over the past decade was analyzed as one of the main explanatory causes of the structural crisis of nursing homes. The theoretical focus of analysis is the comprehensive and person-centered care (CPCC) model based on the autonomy of people and the centrality of their rights. The methodology combines a quantitative analysis of employment and a qualitative analysis of documents and debates. The study concludes by proposing a comprehensive reform of long-term care that includes both a change in residential care in the form of small cohabitation units and reinforcement of care in the home and the community as a growing preference for the elderly population. An optimal combination of residential and home care is the basic proposal of this work.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , Homes for the Aged/legislation & jurisprudence , Homes for the Aged/organization & administration , Homes for the Aged/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Homes/legislation & jurisprudence , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Nursing Homes/statistics & numerical data , Spain/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Age Distribution , Patient-Centered Care , Qualitative Research , Employment , Health Services for the Aged/organization & administrationالملخص
RESUMO Objetivo Sintetizar o estado do conhecimento científico sobre a frequência de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos institucionalizados. Estratégia de pesquisa A pergunta de pesquisa foi formulada de acordo com a estratégia PECO e a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS e SciELO, utilizando descritores e termos livres específicos. Critérios de seleção Artigos sem restrição de tempo ou idioma, que relatassem a frequência de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos institucionalizados e o critério utilizado para diagnóstico. Análise dos dados Foram analisadas as características da população, conceito de "disfagia orofaríngea", métodos para identificação do desfecho e a frequência de disfagia orofaríngea. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos artigos seguiu os critérios do Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Resultados Foram incluídos quinze artigos. Houve grande variabilidade quanto ao tamanho da amostra, com predomínio de idosos longevos do sexo feminino. O conceito de disfagia, quando mencionado, foi heterogêneo. Os critérios diagnósticos foram diversos e compostos, em sua maioria, por resultados de questionários ou testes clínicos. Nenhum estudo utilizou exames instrumentais. A frequência de disfagia orofaríngea na população estudada oscilou entre 5.4% e 83.7%, sendo mais elevada nos estudos que utilizaram testes clínicos, porém, com intervalos de confiança mais precisos naqueles que usaram questionários e amostras maiores. Conclusão A frequência de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos institucionalizados possui ampla variabilidade. As discrepâncias metodológicas entre os estudos comprometem a confiabilidade das estimativas de frequência e apontam a necessidade de pesquisas com critérios metodológicos mais bem definidos e padronizados.
ABSTRACT Purpose To synthesize the scientific knowledge on the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes. Research strategies The study question followed the PECO strategy and the search was performed in the Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS and SciELO databases, using keywords and specific free terms. Selection criteria articles with no time or language restrictions that reported the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes and the diagnostic criteria. Data analysis it was analyzed the population characteristics, the concept of "oropharyngeal dysphagia", the methods for identifying the outcome and the frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia. The evaluation of the methodological quality of the articles followed the criteria of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Results Fifteen articles were included. There was great variability in relation to the sample size, with a predominance of longevous old women. The concept of dysphagia, when mentioned, was heterogeneous. Diagnostic criteria were diverse and mostly comprised of questionnaires or clinical trials results. No studies used instrumental tests. The frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in the studied population ranged from 5.4% to 83.7%, being higher in studies that used clinical tests, but with greater precision of confidence intervals in studies that used questionnaires and large sample size. Conclusion The frequency of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults living in nursing homes has wide variability. Methodological discrepancies among studies compromise the reliability of frequency estimates and highlight the need for research with better defined and standardized methodological criteria.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Aged , Deglutition Disorders/diagnosis , Deglutition Disorders/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Nursing Homesالملخص
Resumo Objetivo identificar diagnósticos de enfermagem da Taxonomia da NANDA-I em idosos institucionalizados. Método estudo descritivo, conduzido com 116 idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência, realizado a partir da identificação de diagnósticos de enfermagem da Taxonomia da NANDA-I em um instrumento fundamentado no modelo teórico das Necessidades Humanas Básicas e validação por especialistas com suporte no raciocínio diagnóstico de Risner. Resultados identificou-se 1.555 títulos de diagnósticos de enfermagem para os 116 idosos, com uma média de 13,4 diagnósticos por idoso. Após exclusão de repetições foram obtidos 39 títulos distintos de diagnósticos. Entre eles, 26 (66,7%) são títulos de diagnósticos reais, 13 (33,3%) títulos de diagnósticos de risco e estão classificados em 8 dos 13 domínios da taxonomia da NANDA-I. Os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes foram: risco de quedas (94,8%); síndrome do idoso frágil (91,3%) e processos familiares disfuncionais (90,5%). Conclusão e implicações para a prática o perfil de diagnósticos de enfermagem identificado pode contribuir para o incremento de indicadores sensíveis à prática de enfermagem, com o planejamento e implementação de medidas assistenciais direcionadas as reais necessidades dos idosos institucionalizados impactando na autonomia, independência e consequentemente na qualidade de vida.
Resumen Objetivo identificar diagnósticos de enfermería de la taxonomía NANDA-I en ancianos institucionalizados. Método estudio descriptivo, realizado con 116 personas mayores de una residencia gerontológica, a partir de la identificación de diagnósticos de enfermería de la taxonomía NANDA-I en un instrumento basado en el modelo teórico de Necesidades Humanas Básicas y validado por especialistas con apoyo en razonamiento Diagnóstico de Risner. Resultados se indicaron 1.555 títulos de diagnóstico de enfermería para los 116 p edad adultos mayores, con un promedio de 13.4 diagnósticos por adulto mayor. Excluidas las repeticiones, se obtuvieron 39 títulos de diagnóstico diferentes. Entre ellos, 26 (66.7%) son títulos de diagnósticos reales, 13 (33.3%) son títulos de diagnósticos de riesgo, y se clasifican en 8 de los 13 dominios de la taxonomía NANDA-I. Los diagnósticos de enfermería más frecuentes fueron: riesgo de caídas (94,8%); síndrome de fragilidad del anciano (91.3%) y procesos familiares disfuncionales (90.5%). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica el perfil de los diagnósticos de enfermería identificados puede contribuir al aumento de indicadores sensibles a la práctica de enfermería, con la planificación e implementación de medidas de atención dirigidas a las necesidades reales de los ancianos institucionalizados, que impactan en la autonomía, independencia y consecuentemente calidad de vida.
Abstract Objective To identify nursing diagnoses of the NANDA-I Taxonomy in institutionalized older adults. Method A descriptive study, conducted with 116 older adults from a long-term institution, carried out based on the identification of nursing diagnoses of the NANDA-I Taxonomy in an instrument based on the theoretical model of Basic Human Needs and validation by experts with support in Risner's diagnosis reasoning. Results 1,555 nursing diagnosis titles were indicated for the 116 older adults, with a mean of 13.4 diagnoses per individual. After excluding repetitions, 39 different diagnosis titles were obtained. Among them, 26 (66.7%) are titles of real diagnoses, 13 (33.3%) are titles of risk diagnoses and are classified in 8 of the 13 domains of the NANDA-I taxonomy. The most frequent nursing diagnoses were the following: risk for falls (94.8%); frail elderly syndrome (91.3%), and dysfunctional family processes (90.5%). Conclusion and implications for the practice The profile of the nursing diagnoses identified can contribute to the increase of sensitive indicators to the nursing practice, with the planning and implementation of care measures directed to the real needs of institutionalized older adults, impacting on autonomy, independence and, consequently, on quality of life.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Nursing Diagnosis/statistics & numerical data , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Standardized Nursing Terminology , Homes for the Aged , Nursing Homes , Health Profile , Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Frail Elderly , Family Relations/psychology , Memory Disordersالموضوعات
Humans , Aged , Pneumonia, Viral/psychology , Social Isolation/psychology , Coronavirus Infections/psychology , Loneliness/psychology , Quality of Life , Social Control, Informal/methods , Review Literature as Topic , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Depression/diagnosis , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , Online Social Networking , Homes for the Aged , Nursing Homesالملخص
BACKGROUND@#Predicting adverse health events and implementing preventative measures are a necessary challenge. It is important for healthcare planners and policymakers to allocate the limited resource to high-risk persons. Prediction is also important for older individuals, their family members, and clinicians to prepare mentally and financially. The aim of this study is to develop a prediction model for within 11-year dependent status requiring long-term nursing care or death in older adults for each sex.@*METHODS@#We carried out age-specified cohort study of community dwellers in Nisshin City, Japan. The older adults aged 64 years who underwent medical check-up between 1996 and 2000 were included in the study. The primary outcome was the incidence of the psychophysically dependent status or death or by the end of the year of age 75 years. Univariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between candidate predictors and the outcome. Using the variables with p-values less than 0.1, multivariable logistic regression analyses were then performed with backward stepwise elimination to determine the final predictors for the model.@*RESULTS@#Of the 1525 female participants at baseline, 105 had an incidence of the study outcome. The final prediction model consisted of 15 variables, and the c-statistics for predicting the outcome was 0.763 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.714-0.813). Of the 1548 male participants at baseline, 211 had incidence of the study outcome. The final prediction model consisted of 16 variables, and the c-statistics for predicting the outcome was 0.735 (95% CI 0.699-0.771).@*CONCLUSIONS@#We developed a prediction model for older adults to forecast 11-year incidence of dependent status requiring nursing care or death in each sex. The predictability was fair, but we could not evaluate the external validity of this model. It could be of some help for healthcare planners, policy makers, clinicians, older individuals, and their family members to weigh the priority of support.
الموضوعات
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cohort Studies , Geriatric Assessment/statistics & numerical data , Independent Living/statistics & numerical data , Japan , Nursing Homes/statistics & numerical data , Risk Assessment , Risk Factorsالملخص
OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to investigate awareness of oral health care and health status among elderly people in nursing homes in Taiyuan. Strategies for preventing and treating oral diseases and improving the quality of life of the elderly in nursing homes were formulated on the basis of analyzed data.@*METHODS@#A total of 359 participants from 48 nursing homes in six districts were selected randomly. Awareness, attitude, and behavior with regard to oral health care among the elderly were investigated through a survey using questionnaires and oral health examinations. Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 20.0.@*RESULTS@#Among the elderly in the nursing homes in Taiyuan, awareness and behavior with regard to oral health care were deficient and inappropriate, and thus professional guidance was needed. In addition to method and time of brushing teeth and bad oral habits, the oral health status of the elderly was statistically affected by age and education. Compared with the data of the Fourth National Oral Epidemiological Investigation, the number of elderly people aged 55-64 or 65-74 years who brush their teeth every day and accept oral diagnosis and treatment was lower. However, the ratios of edentulous and missing teeth without treatment were higher than the national average level for the same age groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The awareness and attitude of the elderly in nursing homes with regard to oral health care are unsatisfactory, and their oral health status is poor. Education on oral health care, development of good oral care habits, and regular oral health examination are essential to the maintenance of oral health in elderly people.
الموضوعات
Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Health Status , Mouth, Edentulous , Nursing Homes , Oral Health , Quality of Life , Toothbrushingالملخص
OBJETIVO: Pesquisas em instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI) mostram uma associação entre o aumento de risco de declínio cognitivo e o comprometimento das habilidades de navegação espacial dos idosos. A navegação espacial pode ser definida como uma habilidade complexa, que depende de funções cognitivas e motoras, emergindo como um importante marcador de estadiamento da demência. O presente estudo teve por objetivo comparar a navegação espacial de idosos saudáveis; institucionalizados e com demência MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal com 78 idosos (saudáveis = 37, demência = 22, institucionalizados = 19) avaliados por meio do Miniexame do estado mental (MEEM), Floor Maze Test (FMT) e 8-foot-up-and-go (8UG). Uma ANOVA One-way foi realizada para comparar os grupos. RESULTADOS: Como esperado, o grupo saudável foi mais ágil, tanto no FMT imediato (X2 = 31,23; p < 0,01) quanto no tardio (X2 = 41,21; p < 0,01). Quando comparados os grupos demência e institucionalizados, não houve diferença significativa no MEEM e FMT tardio. Porém, os idosos institucionalizados mostraram piores resultados que o grupo demência no FMT imediato (p < 0,01) e no teste 8UG (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam um pior desempenho na navegação espacial, função executiva e habilidades motoras dos idosos em ILPI e com demência. A possibilidade de idosos institucionalizados serem subdiagnosticados deve ser considerada.
OBJECTIVE: Long-term care facilities (LTCF) are associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and impairment in spatial navigation abilities. Recent studies have demonstrated that spatial navigation as a complex skill, involving cognitive and motor functions, emerging as a new marker for the progression of dementia. The present study aims to compare spatial navigation in healthy, institutionalized, and AD elderly subjects. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated 78 elderly individuals (healthy = 37, AD = 22, institutionalized = 19) using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Floor Maze Test (FMT) and 8-foot-up-and-gotest (8UG) to assess global cognitive function, spatial navigation and motor function, respectively. RESULTS: In the FMT, the immediate maze time (IMT) and delay maze time (DMT) were significantly shorter in the healthy group than those of the institutionalized and AD groups (X2 = 31.23; p < 0.01) and (X2 = 41.21; p < 0.01), while there were no significant differences between the AD and institutionalized groups in terms of the DMT and MMSE results. However, the institutionalized group showed worse results in terms of IMT (p < 0.01) and 8UG (p < 0.01) than those in the dementia group. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that both institutionalized older people and patients with Dementia have a deficit in the spatial navigation ability, cognitive functions and motor skills. We should consider that there might be a possibility of underdiagnosis in institutionalized older people.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Dementia/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Spatial Navigation , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Homes for the Aged , Nursing Homes , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Analysis of Variance , Sedentary Behavior , Executive Functionالملخص
INTRODUCTION: With the aging of the population, the demand for Homes for the Aged (HFAs) grows. OBJECTIVE: To analyze resources and population of HFAs and to check the fulfillment of the criteria from the national regulations. METHODS: Descriptive quantitative study including 11 philanthropic HFAs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied to the responsible for the facility. RESULTS: The study comprised 318 workers and 522 elders. HFAs presented: some accommodations without private bathrooms (100%); external area and administrative office (72.7%); cafeteria and support room (54.5%); ecumenical room (36.4%); rooms with more than four beds (45.5%). The prevailing reasons for admission were brought by family member (69.2%); social vulnerability (36.4%). Death was the main reason for leaving the facility. The average age of elders was 76.8 years, 58.4% were women. The dependence grade was I for 31.1%; II for 33.9%; and III for 35%. Leisure and cultural activities occurred in 72.7% of HFAs. In 27.3% there were records of visits. Only 9.1% had cooperation from families. Available human resources were nurses (72.7%); physicians and nursing assistants (63.3%); physical therapists (45.5%); psychologists (36.4%); caregivers (27.3%); occupational therapists (9.1%). In 63.3% of facilities, workers carried out mixed activities. The costs were covered by retirement pensions, partnerships, and donations. The main obstacles were financial resources or dependence on donations and rigorous health surveillance or compliance with standards. CONCLUSION: The HFAs partially fulfill the national criteria, impairing the quality of care provided to elders.
INTRODUÇÃO: Com o aumento do envelhecimento, cresce a procura por Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (HFAs). OBJETIVO: Analisar recursos e população de HFAs, verificando-se o cumprimento dos critérios da RDC nº 283/2005 da Anvisa. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa descritiva e quantitativa com 11 HFAs filantrópicas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por questionário aplicado ao responsável pela unidade. RESULTADOS: O estudo envolveu 318 trabalhadores e 522 idosos. As HFAs apresentaram: alguns quartos sem banheiro (100%); área externa e sala administrativa (72,7%); refeitório e sala de apoio (54,5%); sala ecumênica (36,4%); quartos com mais de quatro leitos (45,5%). As razões de admissão prevalentes foram: idosos trazidos por familiares (69,2%) e vulnerabilidade social (36,4%). A morte foi a principal razão de saída. A idade média dos idosos foi 76,8 anos e 58,4% eram mulheres. O grau de dependência foi I para 31.1%; II para 33,9% e III para 35%. Atividades de lazer e cultura ocorrem em 72,7% das HFAs. Em 27,3% há registro de visitas. Somente 9,1% atuam junto às famílias. Os recursos humanos disponíveis foram enfermeiro (72,7%), médico e técnico de enfermagem (63,3%), fisioterapeuta (45,5%), psicólogo (36,4%) e cuidador (27,3%). Em 63,3% das unidades, trabalhadores realizam atividades mistas. Os custos são cobertos por aposentadorias, parcerias e doações. As principais dificuldades foram recursos financeiros ou dependência de doações e rigor da vigilância sanitária ou cumprimento de normas. CONCLUSÃO: As HFAs cumprem parcialmente aos critérios da Resolução, prejudicando a qualidade do atendimento aos idosos.
الموضوعات
Humans , Aged , Structure of Services , Health Services for the Aged , Homes for the Aged/organization & administration , Homes for the Aged/supply & distribution , Nursing Homes/organization & administration , Nursing Homes/supply & distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Financial Resources in Health , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Health Workforceالملخص
Apesar de todos os esforços para conter a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, pouca atenção tem sido dada às instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPIs), que são o local de moradia de milhares de pessoas idosas e considerados equipamentos da assistência social. Assim, não há na norma nacional de funcionamento desses serviços a previsão de estrutura física, recursos humanos ou equipamentos para oferecer cuidados específicos de saúde aos residentes. Dessa forma, as ILPIs não têm condições de oferecer o cuidado a pessoas com COVID-19. Elas encontram muita dificuldade para adquirir e manter estoques de equipamentos de proteção individual para idosos e funcionários. Essa carta tem as intenções de chamar a atenção para essa realidade e evitar a ocorrência de um gerontocídio cruel e desumano. É necessário que as autoridades e a mídia se unam e ajudem a desvelar essa realidade, que, apesar de presente, é oculta e desconhecida da maioria da população.
Despite all efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, little attention has been paid to homes for the aged, which are the home of thousands of older people and serve as social care facilities. There is no provision in the national regulations for the operation of these long-term care facilities with respect to physical structure, human resources or equipment to offer specific health care services to residents. Thus, homes for the aged are unable to offer proper care to people with COVID-19. These facilities have had difficulty in acquiring and maintaining the stocks of personal protective equipment for residents and staff. This letter is intended to draw attention to this reality and prevent the occurrence of a cruel and inhumane geronticide. Government authorities and the media need to work together and help unveil this reality, which, although present, is hidden and unknown to the majority of the population.
الموضوعات
Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Health of Institutionalized Elderly , Brazil/epidemiology , Homes for the Aged , Nursing Homesالملخص
ABSTRACT Mild cognitive decline is a feared aspect of aging associated with frailty experienced by individuals. Objective: To determine the number of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI); to determine the relationship of sociodemographic and clinical variables by group of individuals with or without MCI and to determine the relationship between MCI assessed by 6CIT and the cognitive domains assessed by the MoCA. Methods: A correlational study was conducted of 44 elderly individuals attending a day-care center or residing in a care home, with an average age of 88.9 ± 8.8 years who answered a structured interview collecting sociodemographic and clinical data. Results: The elderly living at home had higher average body mass index and number of pathologies than those living in an institution for the elderly (p < 0.01). 63.6% of the elderly did not have MCI, and no differences were found between residential settings. The comparison between 6CIT and MoCA yielded differences in the general domain and in visual, attention, abstraction and, orientation subdomains. Conclusion: Cognitive stimulation interventions should be optimized according to the residential setting at the level of comorbidities and nutrition.
RESUMO O declínio cognitivo leve é um aspecto temido do envelhecimento associado à fragilidade vivenciada pelos indivíduos. Objetivo: Determinar o número de idosos com comprometimento neurocognitivo leve; determinar a relação das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas por grupo de indivíduos com ou sem comprometimento neurocognitivo leve e determinar a relação entre o comprometimento neurocognitivo leve avaliado pelo 6CIT e os domínios cognitivos avaliados pelo MoCA. Métodos: Estudo correlacional realizado em 44 idosos de instituições de creche e residência permanente, com idade média de 88,9 ± 8,8 anos, que responderam a uma entrevista estruturada composta por dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. Resultados: Os idosos que residem em casa apresentam maior índice de massa corporal médio e número de patologias que os idosos que vivem em uma instituição para idosos (p < 0,01). 63,6% dos idosos não apresentam comprometimento neurocognitivo leve e não são encontradas diferenças ao atravessar o contexto da residência. Na comparação entre 6CIT e MoCA produz diferenças no domínio geral e subdomínios visuais, de atenção, abstração e orientação. Conclusão: É necessário otimizar as intervenções de estimulação cognitiva de acordo com o contexto de residência no nível de comorbidades e nutrição.