الملخص
This study aimed to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on erectile function in Chinese patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). A retrospective study was conducted on 657 CP/CPPS patients who visited The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Changsha, China) from November 2018 to November 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on the timeline before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The severity of CP/CPPS, penile erection status, anxiety, and depression was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI), International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scales, respectively. Compared with patients before the COVID-19 outbreak, more CP/CPPS patients developed severe erectile dysfunction (ED) due to depression and anxiety caused by the pandemic. After developing moderate-to-severe ED, mild and moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS patients exhibited more apparent symptoms of anxiety and depression ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), forming a vicious cycle. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the psychological status of CP/CPPS patients, exacerbating their clinical symptoms and complicating ED. The exacerbation of clinical symptoms further worsens the anxiety and depression status of patients, forming a vicious cycle. During the COVID-19 pandemic, paying more attention to the mental health of CP/CPPS patients, strengthening psychological interventions, and achieving better treatment outcomes are necessary.
الموضوعات
Male , Humans , Erectile Dysfunction/etiology , Pandemics , Penile Erection , Prostatitis/complications , Retrospective Studies , East Asian People , COVID-19/complications , Chronic Disease , Pelvic Pain/complicationsالملخص
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the short-term efficacy, long-term efficacy and safety of acupuncture for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).@*METHODS@#Forty-two patients with CP/CPPS were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (21 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a sham acupuncture group (21 cases). The patients in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at bilateral Zhongliao (BL 33), Huiyang (BL 35), Shenshu (BL 23) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6); the needling depth of Zhongliao (BL 33) and Huiyang (BL 35) was 60 to 80 mm, while Shenshu (BL 23) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) was directly punctured of 30 mm. The patients in the sham acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at non-acupoints, including points 2 cm next to Shenshu (BL 23), Zhongliao (BL 33) and Huiyang (BL 35), and the midpoint of the connecting line between the spleen meridian and the kidney meridian. All the non-acupoints were treated with directly puncture of 2 to 3 mm. The needles were left for 30 min in both groups, once every other day in the first four weeks, three times a week, and twice a week in the next four weeks, totally 20 treatments. Before treatment, after treatment and in follow-up of 24 weeks after treatment completion, the National Institutes of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) score and urinary flow rate were observed in both groups; the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those before treatment, the pain and discomfort scores, urination symptoms scores, quality of life scores and total scores of NIH-CPSI in both groups were reduced after treatment in the two groups (P<0.01), while each item score and total score of NIH-CPSI in the acupuncture group were reduced in follow-up (P<0.01, P<0.05). After treatment and in follow-up, each item score and total score of NIH-CPSI in the acupuncture group were lower than those in the sham acupuncture group (P<0.05, P<0.01). After treatment, the maximum and average urinary flow rates in the acupuncture group were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the average urinary flow rate in the acupuncture group was higher than that in the sham acupuncture group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 75.0% (15/20) in the acupuncture group, which was higher than 42.9% (9/21) in the sham acupuncture group (P<0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed in the two groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms, improve quality of life, and has a sustained, safe and reliable therapeutic effect in patients with CP/CPPS.
الموضوعات
Male , Humans , United States , Prostatitis/therapy , Quality of Life , Acupuncture Therapy , Punctures , Meridiansالملخص
Abstract Introduction Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease that affects women of reproductive age, causing pain and the possibility of infertility. Endometriosis was associated to low life quality and research shows the impact of endometriosis in several areas of life, justifying how these patients are more likely to develop depression, anxiety, and stress. Objective The aim of the present systematic review was to explore the field of psychology in endometriosis, identifying studies that used the cognitive behavioral therapy technique as a treatment for endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Methods The keywords used were Endometriosis and Behavioral Therapy; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Mental Health; Psychological Techniques; Psychology; Psychotherapy; Mental Health Services; and the search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scielo, Lilacs, and Capes. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines and all studies whose intervention strategy used was related to cognitive-behavioral therapy were considered. Results Of the 129 articles found, only 5 were selected, and it was possible to identify that the psychological intervention whose approach brought cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques promoted a decrease in the sensation of pain, improvements in the scores of depression and stress, and significant changes in aspects of quality of life such as vitality, physical and social functioning, emotional well-being, control, and autonomy. Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be very promising to take care of the emotional side of those who have endometriosis However, the present systematic review highlights the need to develop more structured studies with consistent, clear and replicablemethods to reach a psychological intervention protocol for patients who live with this gynecological-physical-emotional condition.
Resumo Introdução A endometriose é uma doença inflamatória que afeta mulheres em idade reprodutiva, causando dor e possibilidade de infertilidade. A endometriose foi associada a baixa qualidade de vida e pesquisas mostram o impacto da endometriose emdiversas áreas da vida, justificando como tais pacientes têmmaior probabilidade de desenvolver depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Objetivo O objetivo da presente revisão sistemática foi explorar o campo da psicologia na endometriose, identificando estudos que usaram a técnica da terapia cognitiva comportamental como tratamento da endometriose e da dor pélvica crônica. Métodos As palavras chaves utilizadas foram Endometriose AND Terapia comportamental; Disciplinas e atividades comportamentais; Terapia cognitiva comportamental; Saúde mental; Técnicas psicológicas; Psicologia; Psicoterapia; Serviços de saúde mental, e a busca foi realizada nos bancos de dados PubMed / Medline, SCIELO, LILACS e CAPES. O estudo seguiu as diretrizes dos Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Metanálises (PRISMA, na sigla em inglês) e foram considerados todos os estudos cuja estratégia de intervenção utilizada estava relacionada à terapia cognitivocomportamental. Resultados Dos 129 artigos encontrados, somente 5 foram selecionados, e foi possível identificar que a intervenção psicológica cuja abordagem trouxe técnicas da terapia cognitivo-comportamental promoveu diminuição na sensação de dor, melhora nos escores de depressão e estresse e mudanças significativas em aspectos da qualidade de vida como vitalidade, funcionalidade física e social, bem-estar emocional, controle e autonomia. Conclusão A terapia cognitivo-comportamental pode ser muito promissora para o tratamento psicológico/emocional de quem tem endometriose. No entanto, a presente revisão sistemática destaca a necessidade de desenvolver estudos mais estruturados com métodos consistentes, claros e replicáveis para se chegar a um protocolo de intervenção psicológica para pacientes que convivem com esse quadro ginecológico-físico-emocional.
الموضوعات
Humans , Female , Prostatitis , Quality of Life , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Endometriosis/psychology , Psychosocial Interventionالملخص
Experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP)-induced persistent inflammatory immune response can significantly upregulate the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). However, the mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we screened out the target prostate-derived inflammation cytokines (PDICs) by comparing the inflammatory cytokine levels in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between EAP rats and their controls. After identifying the target PDIC, qualified males in initial copulatory behavior testing (CBT) were subjected to implanting tubes onto bilateral PVN. Next, they were randomly divided into four subgroups (EAP-1, EAP-2, Control-1, and Control-2). After 1-week recovery, EAP-1 rats were microinjected with the target PDIC inhibitor, Control-1 rats were microinjected with the target PDIC, while the EAP-2 and Control-2 subgroups were only treated with the same amount of artificial CSF (aCSF). Results showed that only interleukin-1β(IL-1β) had significantly increased mRNA-expression in the prostate of EAP rats compared to the controls (P < 0.001) and significantly higher protein concentrations in both the serum (P = 0.001) and CSF (P < 0.001) of the EAP groups compared to the Control groups. Therefore, IL-1β was identified as the target PDIC which crosses the blood-brain barrier, thereby influencing the central nervous system. Moreover, the EAP-1 subgroup displayed a gradually prolonged ejaculation latency (EL) in the last three CBTs (all P < 0.01) and a significantly lower expression of NMDA NR1 subunit in the PVN (P = 0.043) compared to the respective control groups after a 10-day central administration of IL-1β inhibitors. However, the Control-1 subgroup showed a gradually shortened EL (P < 0.01) and a significantly higher NR1 expression (P = 0.004) after homochronous IL-1β administration. Therefore, we identified IL-1β as the primary PDIC which shortens EL in EAP rats. However, further studies should be conducted to elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms through which IL-1β upregulates NMDA expression.
الموضوعات
Animals , Male , Rats , Cytokines/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Ejaculation/physiology , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , N-Methylaspartate/metabolism , Prostate/metabolism , Prostatitis/metabolism , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolismالملخص
We investigated the therapeutic effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) from thermophilic bacterium HB27 on chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and its underlying mechanisms. A Sprague-Dawley rat model of CP/CPPS was prepared and then administered saline or Thermus thermophilic (Tt)-SOD intragastrically for 4 weeks. Prostate inflammation and fibrosis were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and Masson staining. Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), serum creatinine (CR), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were assayed for all animals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to analyze serum cytokine concentrations and tissue levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Reactive oxygen species levels were detected using dichlorofluorescein diacetate. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of tissue cytokines was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and infiltrating inflammatory cells were examined using immunohistochemistry. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) P65, P38, and inhibitor of nuclear factor-κBα (I-κBα) protein levels were determined using western blot. Tt-SOD significantly improved histopathological changes in CP/CPPS, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis, increased pain threshold, and reduced the prostate index. Tt-SOD treatment showed no significant effect on ALT, AST, CR, or BUN levels. Furthermore, Tt-SOD reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in prostate tissue and increased antioxidant capacity. This anti-inflammatory activity correlated with decreases in the abundance of cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), cluster of differentiation 45 (CD45), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP1α) cells. Tt-SOD alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress by reducing NF-κB P65 and P38 protein levels and increasing I-κBα protein levels. These findings support Tt-SOD as a potential drug for CP/CPPS.
الموضوعات
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Chronic Pain , Cytokines/metabolism , Fibrosis , Inflammation/metabolism , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Pelvic Pain/pathology , Prostatitis/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Superoxide Dismutase , Syndromeالملخص
El antígeno específico de próstata (PSA, del inglés, Prostate Specific Antigen) es una glicoproteína producida por la próstata, y es el marcador tumoral de mayor uso. Sin embargo, su baja especificidad para diferenciar entre cáncer de próstata y otras alteraciones no malignas, como la hipertrofia benigna de la próstata (HBP) y la prostatitis aguda, limitan su utilidad diagnóstica
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein produced by the prostate and is the most widely used tumor marker. However, its low specificity to differentiate between prostate cancer and other non-malignant conditions, such as benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) and acute prostatitis, limits its diagnostic utility
الموضوعات
Prostate-Specific Antigen , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Prostatitis , Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins , Biomarkers, Tumorالملخص
To summarize professor
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Acupuncture , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Meridians , Prostatitis/therapyالملخص
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule on chronic prostatitis (CP) of damp and heat stasis.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 patients with CP of damp and heat stasis were randomized into an acupuncture plus medication group (35 cases, 4 cases dropped off) and a medication group (35 cases, 5 cases dropped off). In the medication group, tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule was given orally, 0.2 mg a time, once each night. On the basis of treatment in the medication group, EA was applied at Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Yinglingquan (SP 9), with disperse-dense wave, 5 mA in intensity for 30 min. Treatment for 30 days was as one course, and totally 3 courses were required in both groups. Before treatment, 1, 2, 3 months into treatment and at the follow-up of 2 months after treatment, the TCM syndrome score and National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) score were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated in both groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of 3 months into treatment and follow-up were decreased in the acupuncture plus medication group (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with medication can improve the clinical symptoms in patients with CP of damp and heat stasis, and its therapeutic effect is superior to simple western medication.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Chronic Disease , Hot Temperature , Prostatitis/drug therapy , Treatment Outcomeالملخص
Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar la utilidad de una secuencia tardía post-contraste en la resonancia magnética multiparamétrica de próstata (RMMP) para caracterizar lesiones PI-RADS II. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron en forma retrospectiva las RMMP realizadas entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2016. El protocolo de la RMMP fue basado en las recomendaciones del PI-RADS versión 2, y se agregó una adquisición tardía luego del dinámico post-contraste. Los reportes fueron revisados bajo la versión 2.1. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 31 pacientes que presentaron lesiones categorizadas como PI-RADS II en la zona periférica, los cuales se encontraban en seguimiento del antígeno prostático específico y presentaron confirmación histológica de prostatitis crónica. Se evidenció un realce tardío de la lesión en todos los pacientes. Según los resultados histopatológicos, 30 presentaban prostatitis crónica y el restante tejido benigno (tejido fibromuscular). Discusión: La prostatitis crónica no muestra realce temprano, y presenta realce tardío debido al tejido conectivo fibroso que la compone. En la RMMP, la prostatitis puede imitar el cáncer de próstata. Agregar una adquisición tardía solo adiciona 150 segundos al estudio y podría ayudar a resolver aquellos casos inciertos categorizados como PI-RADS III empleando las secuencias convencionales, debido a que el realce tardío de la lesión es altamente sugestivo de un proceso inflamatorio (PI-RADS II). Conclusión: La presencia de realce tardío es una herramienta útil para realizar un adecuado diagnóstico de una lesión PI-RADS II en la zona periférica, pudiendo evitar una biopsia innecesaria.
Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the utility of a post-contrast late sequence in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (RMMP) to characterize PI-RADS II lesions. Materials and methods: The RMMPs performed between January 2015 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The RMMP protocol was based on the recommendations of the PI-RADS version 2, and a late acquisition was added, after the dynamic post-contrast. The reports were reviewed under the version 2.1. Results: 31 patients with PI-RADS II lesions in the peripheral zone were selected, who were in prostate specific antigen follow-up and had histological confirmation of chronic prostatitis. A late enhancement of the lesion was evidenced in all patients. According to the histopathological results, 30 had chronic prostatitis and the remaining benign tissue (fibromuscular tissue). Discussion: Chronic prostatitis does not show early enhancement, and presents late enhancement due to its fibrous connective tissue. In RMMP, prostatitis may mimic prostate cancer. Adding a late sequence only adds 150 seconds to the study and could help to resolve those uncertain cases categorized as PI-RADS III using traditional sequences because the late enhancement of the lesion is highly suggestive of an inflammatory process (PI-RADS II). Conclusion: The presence of late enhancement is a useful tool to perform an adequate diagnosis of a PI-RADS II lesion in the peripheral zone, helping to avoid an unnecessary biopsy.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Prostatitis/diagnostic imaging , Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Prostate/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Biopsy , Retrospective Studiesالملخص
La Sociedad Argentina de Infectología y otras sociedades científicas han actualizado estas recomendaciones utilizando, además de información internacional, la de un estudio multicéntrico prospectivo sobre infecciones del tracto urinario del adulto realizado en Argentina durante 2016-2017. La bacteriuria asintomática debe ser tratada solo en embarazadas, a quienes también se las debe investigar sistemáticamente; los antibióticos de elección son nitrofurantoína, amoxicilina, amoxicilina-clavulánico, cefalexina y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol. Ante procedimientos que impliquen lesión con sangrado del tracto urinario se recomienda solicitar urocultivo para pesquisar bacteriuria asintomática, y, si resultara positivo, administrar antimicrobianos según sensibilidad desde inmediatamente antes hasta 24 horas luego de la intervención. En mujeres, la cistitis puede ser tratada con nitrofurantoina, cefalexina, o fosfomicina y no se recomienda usar trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol o fluoroquinolonas; en pielonefritis puede emplearse ciprofloxacina, cefixima o cefalexina si el tratamiento es ambulatorio o ceftriaxona, cefazolina o amikacina si es hospitalario. En los hombres, las infecciones del tracto urinario se consideran siempre complicadas. Se recomienda tratamiento con nitrofurantoina o cefalexina por 7 días, o bien monodosis con fosfomicina. Para la pielonefritis en hombres se sugiere ciprofloxacina, ceftriaxona o cefixima si el tratamiento es ambulatorio y ceftriaxona o amikacina si es hospitalario. Se sugiere tratar las prostatitis bacterianas agudas con ceftriaxona o gentamicina. En cuanto a las prostatitis bacterianas crónicas, si bien su tratamiento de elección hasta hace poco fueron las fluoroquinolonas, la creciente resistencia y ciertas dudas sobre la seguridad de estas drogas obligan a considerar el uso de alternativas como fosfomicina.
The Argentine Society of Infectious Diseases and other scientific societies have updated these recommendations based on data on urinary tract infections in adults obtained from a prospective multicenter study conducted in Argentina during 2016-2017. Asymptomatic bacteriuria should be treated only in pregnant women, who should also be systematically investigated; the antibiotics of choice are nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin, clavulanic/amoxicillin, cephalexin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In procedures involving injury to the urinary tract with bleeding, it is recommended to request urine culture and, in the presence of bacteriuria, antimicrobial treatment according to sensitivity should be prescribed from immediately before up to 24 hours after the intervention. In women, cystitis can be treated with nitrofurantoin, cephalexin or fosfomycin, while trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones are not recommended; pyelonephritis can be treated with ciprofloxacin, cefixime or cephalexin in ambulatory women or ceftriaxone, cefazolin or amikacin in those who are hospitalized. In men, urinary tract infections are always considered complicated; nitrofurantoin or cephalexin are recommended for 7 days, alternatively fosfomycin should be given in a single dose. In men, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone or cefixime are suggested for pyelonephritis on ambulatory treatment whereas ceftriaxone or amikacin are recommended for hospitalized patients. Acute bacterial prostatitis can be treated with ceftriaxone or gentamicin. Fluoroquinolones were the choice treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis until recently; they are no longer recommended due to the increasing resistance and recent concerns regarding the safety of these drugs; alternative antibiotics such as fosfomycin are to be considered.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Argentina , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Consensus , Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/therapeutic use , Prostatitis/diagnosis , Prostatitis/drug therapy , Pyelonephritis/diagnosis , Pyelonephritis/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Cystitis/diagnosis , Cystitis/drug therapyالملخص
La segunda parte del Consenso Argentino Intersociedades de Infección Urinaria incluye el análisis de situaciones especiales. En pacientes con sonda vesical se debe solicitar urocultivo solo cuando hay signo-sintomatología de infección del tracto urinario, antes de instrumentaciones de la vía urinaria o como control en pacientes post-trasplante renal. El tratamiento empírico recomendado en pacientes sin factores de riesgo es cefalosporinas de tercera generación o aminoglucósidos. Las infecciones del tracto urinario asociadas a cálculos son siempre consideradas complicadas. En caso de obstrucción con urosepsis, deberá realizarse drenaje de urgencia por vía percutánea o ureteral. En pacientes con stents o prótesis ureterales, como catéteres doble J, el tratamiento empírico deberá basarse en la epidemiología, los antibióticos previos y el estado clínico. Antes del procedimiento de litotricia extracorpórea se recomienda pesquisar la bacteriuria y, si es positiva, administrar profilaxis antibiótica según el antibiograma. Cefalosporinas de primera generación o aminoglúcosidos son opciones válidas. Se recomienda aplicar profilaxis antibiótica con cefalosporinas de primera generación o aminoglúcosidos antes de la nefrolitotomía percutánea. La biopsia prostática trans-rectal puede asociarse a complicaciones infecciosas, como infecciones del tracto urinario o prostatitis aguda, principalmente por Escherichia coli u otras enterobacterias. En pacientes sin factores de riesgo para gérmenes multirresistentes y urocultivo negativo se recomienda realizar profilaxis con amikacina o ceftriaxona endovenosas. En pacientes con urocultivo positivo, se realizará profilaxis según antibiograma, 24 horas previas a 24 horas post-procedimiento. Para el tratamiento dirigido de la prostatitis post-biopsia trans-rectal, los carbapenémicos durante 3-4 semanas son el tratamiento de elección.
The second part of the Inter-Society Argentine Consensus on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) includes the analysis of special situations. In patients with urinary catheter, urine culture should be requested only in the presence of UTI symptomatology, before instrumentation of the urinary tract, or as a post-transplant control. The antibiotics recommended for empirical treatment in patients without risk factors are third-generation cephalosporins or aminoglycosides. UTIs associated with stones are always considered complicated. In case of obstruction with urosepsis, an emergency drainage should be performed via a percutaneous nefrostomy or ureteral stenting. In patients with stents or ureteral prostheses, such as double J catheters, empirical treatment should be based on epidemiology, prior antibiotics, and clinical status. Before the extracorporeal lithotripsy procedure, bacteriuria should be investigated and antibiotic prophylaxis should be administered in case of positive result, according to the antibiogram. First generation cephalosporins or aminoglycosides are valid alternatives. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis with first-generation cephalosporins or aminoglycosides before percutaneous nephrolithotomy is recommended. Transrectal prostatic biopsy can be associated with infectious complications, such as UTI or acute prostatitis, mainly due to Escherichia coli or other enterobacteria. In patients without risk factors for multiresistant bacteria and negative urine culture, prophylaxis with intravenous amikacin or ceftriaxone is recommended. In patients with positive urine culture, prophylaxis will be performed according to the antibiogram, from 24 hours before to 24 hours post-procedure. For the targeted treatment of post-transrectal biopsy prostatitis, carbapenems for 3-4 weeks are the treatment of choice.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Female , Urinary Tract Infections/etiology , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Consensus , Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/therapeutic use , Argentina , Prostatitis/etiology , Prostatitis/drug therapy , Lithotripsy/adverse effects , Stents/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Nephrolithiasis/complications , Urinary Catheters/adverse effects , Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous/adverse effectsالملخص
ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the characteristics of cases of NIH category I acute prostatitis developed after transrectal prostate biopsy and clarifiy the risk factors and preventive factors. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3.479 cases of transrectal ultrasound-guided needle biopsies performed with different prophylactic antibiotherapy regimens at two different institutions between January 2011 and February 2016. The patients of Group I have received ciprofl oxacin (n=1.523, 500mg twice daily) and the patients of Group II have received ciprofl oxacin plus ornidazole (n=1.956, 500mg twice daily) and cleansing enema combination as prophylactic antibiotherapy. The incidence, clinical features and other related microbiological and clinical data, were evaluated. Results: Mean age was 62.38±7.30 (47-75), and the mean prostate volume was 43.17±15.20 (21-100) mL. Of the 3.479 patients, 39 (1.1%) developed acute prostatitis after the prostate biopsy procedure. Of the 39 cases of acute prostatitis, 28/3.042 occurred after the first biopsy and 11/437 occurred after repeat biopsy (p=0.038). In Group I, 22 of 1.523 (1.4%) patients developed acute prostatitis. In Group II, 17 of 1.959 (0.8%) patients developed acute prostatitis. There was no statistical difference between the two groups according to acute prostatitis rates (X2=2.56, P=0.11). Further, hypertension or DM were not related to the development of acute prostatitis (P=0.76, X2=0.096 and P=0.83, X2=0.046, respectively). Conclusions: Repeat biopsy seems to increase the risk of acute prostatitis, while the use of antibiotics effective for anaerobic pathogens seems not to be essential yet.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Aged , Ornidazole/administration & dosage , Prostatitis/etiology , Biopsy, Needle/adverse effects , Ciprofloxacin/administration & dosage , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Enema/methods , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Prostate/pathology , Prostatitis/prevention & control , Time Factors , Biopsy, Needle/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Drug Combinations , Middle Agedالملخص
@#BACKGROUND: This is a rare case of two large urinary bladder stones causing severe infection of the urinary tract affecting the bone marrow due to chronic immune stimulation in a patient with recurrent anemia. Urinary bladder calculi are hard masses of minerals. They develop when the minerals in concentrated urine crystallize. This often happens when the bladder cannot be emptied. Signs and symptoms can vary from severe abdominal pain to blood in the urine. Sometimes, bladder stones don't cause any symptoms. If left untreated, bladder stones may lead to infections and other complications such as hepatic abscess via a hematogenous route. CASE: This is a case of a seventy-eight-year-old man with a history of multiple blood transfusions secondary to anemia of unknown cause. He came into our institution for a second opinion. We worked up the patient, which showed hepatic abscess and two large urinary bladder calculi. Further investigation of the anemia later led to a diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis. DIAGNOSTICS: Ultrasound showed a complex mass on the left hepatic lobe measuring 7.5 cm x 6.0 cm x 2.1 cm consistent with a hepatic abscess. The culture of the abscess was positive for E. coli. Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the lower abdomen showed heterogeneous mass measuring 8.6 cm x 8.7 cm x 9.2 cm within the urinary bladder (see Figure 2). Urinalysis was consistent with a urinary tract infection. Urine culture showed E. coli. Video-assisted cystoscopy showed two urinary bladder calculi, measuring 1.5 cm x 3.2 cm x 4.2 cm weighing 30 grams each (see Figure 3). The calculi were composed of 100% Calcium Oxalate. He underwent a series of diagnostic examinations for anemia including gastroscopy to rule out a bleeding ulcer. Complete blood count showed hemoglobin of 77 g/L and a hematocrit of 0.23. Finally, bone marrow core biopsy was done which is consistent with primary myelofibrosis. CONCLUSION: Urinary bladder stones can be asymptomatic and may present only with vague abdominal pain. It should be one of the considerations in asymptomatic patients with long-standing prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia. Detailed history, thorough physical examinations, and cautious diagnostic tests are mandatory to confirm the diagnosis. A hepatic abscess may arise from infections in the urinary tract such as prostatitis through hematogenous extension. Therefore, it is important to address the origin of the infection to prevent such complications. This is a rare case of an elderly man who presented with chronic anemia and later found out to have large urinary bladder stones that caused severe infection leading to immune stimulation of the bone marrow, hence the diagnosis of primary myelofibrosis by bone marrow biopsy. Such a rare case must be thought of holistically and analytically.
الموضوعات
Male , Prostatitis , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Urinary Bladder Calculi , Liver Abscess , Anemiaالملخص
Los procesos inflamatorios e infecciosos que se desencadenan en la próstata, primordial glándula reproductiva masculina, originan las tres principales enfermedades de este órgano: prostatitis, hiperplasia prostática benigna y cáncer. Para entender la relación que existe entre estas tres patologías y los procesos de infección e inflamación, se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica, a conveniencia, en la base de datos PubMed, empleando los términos próstata, prostatitis, hiperplasia prostática benigna y cáncer de próstata. La literatura revisada resalta la importancia del adecuado funcionamiento del sistema inmune en el tejido prostático para eliminar los microorganismos causantes de infecciones, proceso a través del cual se desencadena la inflamación del tejido. Además, infecciones urinarias ascendentes, que culminan en prostatitis crónica, favorecen el desarrollo de la hiperplasia prostática benigna, agrandamiento y fibrosis de la próstata en hombres adultos, e incluso su progresión a cáncer en individuos genéticamente susceptibles. Por otro lado, las limitaciones en el diagnóstico de las alteraciones prostáticas promueven la inflamación crónica, y el uso indiscriminado de antibióticos de amplio espectro para el tratamiento de la prostatitis, impulsa la diseminación sexual de microorganismos multirresistentes al tratamiento. Las alteraciones prostáticas, en especial la prostatitis, continúan siendo patologías enigmáticas de difícil diagnóstico y tratamiento. El estudio de la próstata, sus alteraciones y su relación con el sistema inmune contribuirán a limitar el uso indiscriminado de antibióticos y a reducir los costos en salud y los efectos sobre la calidad de vida de los individuos afectados
Inflammatory and infectious processes triggered in the prostate, the primary male reproductive gland, originate the three main diseases of this organ: prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer. To understand the relationship between these three pathologies and inflammatory and infectious processes, a review of the scientific literature was carried out in PubMed database using the terms prostate, prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. The revised articles highlight the importance of properly immune system functioning in the prostate tissue to remove the microorganisms that cause infections, a process which also triggers tissue inflammation. In addition, ascending urinary infections, which culminate in chronic prostatitis, favor the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia, enlargement and fibrosis of the prostate in adult men, and even its progression to cancer in genetically susceptible individuals. Furthermore, limitations in the diagnosis of prostatic disorders promote chronic inflammation, and the indiscriminate use of broad spectrum antibiotics for prostatitis treatment leads to sexual dissemination of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Prostatic disorders, especially prostatitis, continue to be enigmatic pathologies of difficult diagnosis and treatment. The study of the prostate, its disorders and its relationship with the immune system will contribute to limit the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and to reduce health costs and the effects on the quality of life of affected individuals
الموضوعات
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Prostate , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Prostatic Neoplasms , Prostatitis , Infections , Inflammationالملخص
ABSTRACT Background: Our study investigates whether Native Thiol, Total Thiol and disulphide levels measured in serum of patients with prostate cancer and prostatitis and of healthy subjects, have any role in differential diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Patients followed up for histopathologically verified diagnosis of prostate cancer and prostatitis in 2016-2017 at the Medicalpark Gaziantep Hospital Urology Clinic were included in the study. Native Thiol (NT), Total Thiol (TT), Dynamic Disulphide (DD) levels in serum were measured by a novel automated method. Results: NT, TT, DD, NT / TT ratios, DD / TT ratio and DD / NT ratio were measured as 118.4 ± 36.8μmoL / L, 150.3 ± 45.3μmoL / L, 15.9 ± 7μmoL / L, 78.8 ± 7μmoL / L, 10.5 ± 3.5μmoL / L, 13.8 ± 5.8μmoL / L respectively in patients with prostate cancer; as 116.4 ± 40.5μmoL / L, 147.5 ± 50.1μmoL / L, 15.5 ± 8.7μmoL / L, 79.7 ± 9μmoL / L, 10.1 ± 4.5μmoL / L, 13.5 ± 7.2μmoL / L in patients with prostatitis and as 144.1 ± 21.2μmoL / L, 191 ± 32.3μmoL / L, 23.4 ± 10.1μmoL / L, 76.1 ± 98.3μmoL / L, 11.9 ± 4.1μmoL / L, 16.4 ± 6.9μmoL / L in healthy subjects. Significant difference was detected between groups of NT, TT and DD levels (p = 0.008, p = 0.001, p = 0.002). No significant difference was detected in terms of the NT / TT, DD / TT and DD / NT rates (p = 0.222, p = 0.222, p = 0.222). Conclusions: Serum NT, TT, DD levels in patients with prostatitis and prostate cancer were found significantly lower compared to the control group. This indicates that just as inflammation, prostate cancer also increases oxidative stress on tissues.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/blood , Prostatitis/blood , Sulfhydryl Compounds/blood , Disulfides/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatitis/diagnosis , Reference Values , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Case-Control Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Risk Assessment , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Middle Agedالملخص
ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of NIH category IV prostatitis, and the use of expressed prostatic secretions tests in an effort to improve the reliability of prostate specific antigen as an indicator, to avoid unnecessary prostate biopsy. Materials and Methods: 178 expressed prostatic secretion positive patients with serum prostate specific antigen levels of ≥ 2.5 ng / mL were included in present prospective study. The diagnostic evaluation included detailed history and physical examination, digital rectal examination, urine analysis, urine culture, and expressed prostatic secretions tests. Transrectal ultrasonography was used both to measure prostate volume and conduct 12 core prostate biopsy. Results: The prevalence of NIH category IV prostatitis was 36.9% (178 / 482) in our population of men. In our study patients (n: 178) prostate biopsy results were classified as; 66 prostatitis, 81 BPH, and 31 Pca. In asymptomatic prostatitis group, expressed prostatic secretion mean leucocyte ratio was higher compared to other two groups (p < 0.0001). The relation between number of expressed prostatic secretion leucocytes and prostatitis, benign prostate hyperplasia, and prostate cancer is analyzed. If 16 is taken as the cut of number for leucocyte presence, its sensitivity is 0.92 (AUC = 0.78 p = 0.01). Conclusions: The number of leucocytes in expressed prostatic secretion is higher in the chronic prostatitis group. If the leukocyte presence of 16 and above is taken as the cut off point, the sensitivity becomes 0.92 (AUC = 0.78). We firmly believe that our new cut off value may be used as to aid prostate specific antigen and derivates while giving biopsy decision.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Aged , Prostate/pathology , Prostatic Hyperplasia/metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Prostatitis/mortality , Biopsy/standards , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostate/metabolism , Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatitis/classification , Prostatitis/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Chronic Disease , Prospective Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Digital Rectal Examination , Middle Agedالملخص
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered to be involved in the pathogenic initiation and progression of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP); however, the comprehensive expression profile of dysregulated miRNAs, relevant signaling pathways, and core machineries in CNP have not been fully elucidated. In the current research, CNP rat models were established through the intraprostatic injection of carrageenan into the prostate. Then, next-generation sequencing was performed to explore the miRNA expression profile in CNP. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) bioinformatical analyses were conducted to reveal the enriched biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components and signaling pathways. As a result, 1224, 1039, and 1029 known miRNAs were annotated in prostate tissues from the blank control (BC), normal saline injection (NS), and carrageenan injection (CAR) groups (n = 3 for each group), respectively. Among them, 84 miRNAs (CAR vs BC) and 70 miRNAs (CAR vs NS) with significantly different expression levels were identified. Compared with previously reported miRNAs with altered expression in various inflammatory diseases, the majority of deregulated miRNAs in CNP, such as miR-146b-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-150-5p, and miR-139-5p, showed similar expression patterns. Moreover, bioinformatics analyses have enriched mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), endocytosis, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling pathways. These pathways were all involved in immune response, which indicates the critical regulatory role of the immune system in CNP initiation and progression. Our investigation has presented a global view of the differentially expressed miRNAs and potential regulatory networks containing their target genes, which may be helpful for identifying the novel mechanisms of miRNAs in immune regulation and effective target-specific theragnosis for CNP.
الموضوعات
Animals , Male , Rats , Computational Biology , Databases, Genetic , Gene Expression Profiling , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Prostate/metabolism , Prostatitis/metabolism , Rats, Wistarالملخص
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common cancer diagnosed among men in the United States and the fifth most common cancer among men in Korea. Unfortunately, the early stages of CaP may have no symptoms. Thus, early detection is very important and physicians managing voiding dysfunction must have awareness about CaP. The traditional tests used for early detection of CaP are the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test and digital rectal examination. However, a high PSA level is not specific for CaP. Benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, urinary tract infection, and urinary retention can all cause a high PSA level. Thus, no test shows sufficient accuracy to truly be useful for screening men for CaP. A prostate biopsy is the only method that yields a definitive diagnosis of CaP; however, this test is invasive and uncomfortable. Recently, new biomarkers for CaP detection have been proposed to improve the accuracy of the PSA test. In this review, we summarize our knowledge of various new biomarkers, including PSA-associated biomarkers (the prostate health index and 4Kscore), molecular biomarkers (PCA3, TMPRSS2: ERG fusion gene, and various miRNAs), and proteomics-associated biomarkers, and the ways in which they may improve the detection rate of CaP. Accordingly, this review can raise awareness about CaP to physicians managing voiding dysfunction and be a good reference for them.
الموضوعات
Humans , Male , Biomarkers , Biopsy , Diagnosis , Digital Rectal Examination , Discrimination, Psychological , Early Detection of Cancer , Hematologic Tests , Korea , Mass Screening , Methods , Prostate , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Prostatic Neoplasms , Prostatitis , United States , Urinary Retention , Urinary Tract Infectionsالملخص
The technical combination of acupuncture is a combination therapy based on the purpose of improving clinical efficacy. After years of clinical practice, the author has gradually summarized the dominant disease spectrum of combination therapy, especially for the treatment of difficult diseases such as male and dermatological. In the treatment of chronic prostatitis, the combination of acupuncture at "Zhibian (BL 54) through Shuidao (ST 28) therapy" is adopted. When urticaria is treated, the embedding, fire needle, needle knife and filiform needle can be combined to ensure better effect. Regarding the evidence-based acupuncture treatment research of chronic prostatitis and urticaria, it is believed that acupuncture treatment has been recommended as grade Ⅱ and Ⅰ, and there is no reliable treatment method in modern medicine. The author enumerates two cases of related diseases and explains the advantages of combination therapy.