Software educativo para la asignatura Estratificación de Riesgos Medioambientales / Educational software for the subject Stratification of Environmental Risks

Se realizó una investigación relacionada con la innovación tecnológica, en la Facultad de Enfermería-Tecnología de la Salud de Santiago de Cuba, durante el curso escolar 2019-2020, con el objetivo de diseñar un software educativo para la asignatura Estratificación de Riesgos Medioambientales, dirigido a los estudiantes de técnico medio en Vigilancia y Lucha Antivectorial. Se utilizaron los métodos teóricos: análisis-síntesis, histórico-lógico, modelación, sistémico-estructural e inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: observación y análisis documental. La muestra fue de 44 estudiantes y 6 profesores escogidos al azar. Se concluye que el software propuesto es factible, pertinente y necesario como medio de enseñanza; proporciona información actualizada, su navegación es fácil y amena, y permite la autoevaluación de los estudiantes al interactuar con él mismo, lo que contribuye a mejorar el trabajo independiente.

An investigation related to the technological innovation was carried out in the Health Nursing-Technology Faculty from Santiago de Cuba, during the school course 2019-2020, aimed at designing an educational software for the subject Stratification of Environmental Risks, directed to medium technician students in Surveillance and Vector Control. The theoretical methods used were: analysis-synthesis, historical-logical, modelation, systemic-structural and inductive-deductive; and the empiric methods were: observation and documental analysis. The sample had 44 students and 6 professors chosen at random. It was concluded that the proposed software is feasible, pertinent and necessary as teaching aid; provides up-to-date information, it is easy and interesting to surf internet, and allows the self-appraisal of students in the interaction with themselves, what contributes to improve the independent work.

Mapping and projections of obesity in the Brazilian adult population assisted in Primary Health Care: impact of the COVID-19 pandemic / Mapeamento e projeções da obesidade na população adulta brasileira atendida na Atenção Primária à Saúde: impacto da pandemia de COVID-19

Objective: To map the temporal evolution of overweight and obesity in Brazilian adults and estimate the prevalence of obesity for 2025 and 2030, evaluating the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Data were collected on the nutritional status of adults from 2008 to 2021 from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN), from which we calculated the prevalence and average annual rates of the variation of overweight and obesity. The projection of obesity, using linear regression, was analyzed in three scenarios: PP: with data from the pre-pandemic period (2008-2019); outlier: with adjustment of the data trend (2008-2021), including the pandemic period, considering a return of scenario PP for projections from 2022; P: adjustment of pandemic data (2019-2021) to estimate the projection. Result: In the period 2008­2021, we observed an average annual rate of overweight increase of 0.48 %/year. The prevalence of obesity more than doubled during this period, from 14.5% in 2008 to 32.9% in 2021 (i.e., an increase of 1.42). In the outlier scenario, the prevalence projections for obesity are 38.8% and 45.5% for 2015 and 2030, respectively. In the PP scenario (without the pandemic), the expected prevalence for the same period would be approximately 36.8% and 43.4%, respectively. Conclusion: Obesity and overweight follow an increasing trend. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the increase in the prevalence of obesity in Brazil and impacted its projections for the coming years

Objetivo: Mapear a evolução temporal de sobrepeso e obesidade de adultos brasileiros e estimar as prevalências de obesidade para 2025 e 2030, avaliando o potencial impacto da pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Foram coletados dados do estado nutricional de adultos de 2008 a 2021 do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN), a partir dos quais foram calculadas as prevalências e taxas médias anuais da variação de sobrepeso e obesidade. A projeção da obesidade, utilizando regressão linear, foi analisada em três cenários: PP: com dados do período pré-pandemia (2008-2019); outlier: com ajuste da endência de dados (2008-2021), incluindo o período da pandemia, considerando um retorno do cenário PP para projeções a partir de 2022; P: ajuste dos dados da pandemia (2019-2021) para estimativa da projeção. Resultado: No período de 2008 e 2021, observamos uma taxa anual média de aumento de sobrepeso de 0,48 %/ano. A prevalência de obesidade mais que dobrou nesse período, passando de 14,5% em 2008 para 32,9% em 2021 (i.e., um aumento de 1,42). No cenário outlier, as projeções das prevalências de obesidade são de 38,8% e 45,5% para os anos de 2015 e 2030, respectivamente. No cenário PP (sem a pandemia), a prevalência esperada para o mesmo período estaria em torno de 36,8% e 43,4%, respectivamente. Conclusão: A obesidade e o sobrepeso seguem uma tendência de aumento crescente. A pandemia de COVID-19 acelerou o aumento da prevalência de obesidade no Brasil e impactou a sua projeção para os próximos anos.

Big data analytics for integrated infectious disease surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa

Background: Infectious disease outbreaks are common in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Consequently, integrated public health surveillance has become increasingly essential for the region. Health surveillance systems enable early detection and monitoring of emerging and re-emerging disease outbreaks, thus informing preparedness and response measures. However, complex and intertwined factors obstruct a successful integrated public health surveillance in SSA, with dire consequences. Objectives: The objective of this article was to establish how big data analytics can be used to enhance integrated infectious disease surveillance and response in SSA. Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used to identify and select relevant articles. A total of 10 studies that addressed the article's objective were selected. Results: Findings reveal several barriers to the application of big data analytics for public health surveillance in SSA. These include the absence of regulatory and data governance frameworks for big data management in healthcare, disparities in digital health infrastructure across SSA's healthcare systems, and the digital and analytical skills required for data capture and interpretation. The development of regulatory frameworks is essential for the ethical application of analytical technologies such as artificial intelligence. Conclusion: This article's contributions emphasise the need for comprehensive strategies for the application of big data analytics for public health surveillance, as well as addressing barriers to its successful application by highlighting the requirements for an integrated infectious disease surveillance and response system in SSA. Contribution: The article contributes to the body of knowledge on the interplay between the public health space and digital health interventions by emphasising the beneficial applications of big data analytics for surveillance and response to address emerging and re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the health systems of sub-Saharan Africa.

Occupational lung diseases in South African miners at autopsy: 2020 surveillance report

The Pathology Division at the National Institute for Occupational Health (NIOH) provides autopsy services for deceased workers who worked in controlled mines or works under the provisions of the South African Occupational Diseases in Mines and Works Act, 1973 (Act No. 78 of 1973). This report describes the ages, commodities, employment durations, and occupational cardio-respiratory diseases in miners whose organs were submitted for autopsies in 2019 and 2020. Data were exported from the PATHAUT database into STATA for analysis. Differences in the proportions of disease (expressed per 1 000) were calculated using the Pearson's chi-square test; significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. There were 759 and 557 records of deceased miners and ex-miners in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Pulmonary tuberculosis decreased from 192/1 000 in 2019 to 153/1 000 autopsies in 2020, and silicosis decreased from 246/1 000 to 223/1 000. However, neither decrease was significant. There was a significant increase in the rate of asbestosis from 50/1 000 in 2019 to 79/1 000 in 2020. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), emphysema, and silicosis were the most frequent diseases, with high rates. There was a non-significant decrease in occupational respiratory disease rates in 2020 from 2019, but these remain higher than the rates seen in the early 1990s. The NIOH continues to conduct autopsy surveillance on miners to support compensation for families, and the development of policy and intervention programmes in the mining industry

Percepções de mulheres companheiras de homens presos acerca da conjugalidade / Perceptions on conjugality of female partners of imprisoned men / Percepciones de mujeres parejas de hombres encarcelados acerca de la conyugalidad

Este estudo objetivou compreender a experiência de mulheres companheiras de homens privados de liberdade acerca da conjugalidade. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, em que participaram 12 mulheres companheiras de homens presos. Como instrumentos, utilizou-se um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e uma entrevista semiestruturada, a qual foi analisada por meio da Análise Temática. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que as mulheres lançavam mão de diferentes estratégias para se manterem próximas de seus companheiros, engajando-se no tratamento penal deles, o que repercutiu em uma percepção de incremento da coesão conjugal. O compromisso assumido com seus relacionamentos mostrou-se relacionado, além do amor sentido pelos parceiros, a um desejo de manutenção do casamento e da família nuclear, além de evidenciar experiências de ciúme por parte dos homens. Dificuldades na comunicação, conflitos relacionados à insatisfação com o contexto prisional, além da falta de privacidade na intimidade e sexualidade do casal foram referidos pelas participantes.(AU)

This study aimed to understand the experience of conjugality of female partners of imprisoned men. Therefore, 12 female partners of imprisoned men participated in a qualitative study. The participants answered to a sociodemographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, which was analyzed via Thematic Analysis. The results showed that women used different strategies to stay close to their partners, engaging in their criminal treatment, which reflected in a perception of increased marital cohesion. The commitment to the relationship was related to the love felt towards the partners, the desire to maintain the marriage and the nuclear family, in addition to the experience of men's jealousy. Moreover, it was identified difficulties in communication, conflicts related to dissatisfaction with prison context, and lack of privacy related to couple's intimacy and sexuality.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia de las mujeres parejas de hombres encarcelados sobre la conyugalidad. Para ello, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, en la cual participaron doce mujeres parejas de hombres encarcelados. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y una entrevista semiestructurada, la cual se aplicó el análisis temático. Los resultados encontrados demostraron que las mujeres usaban diferentes estrategias para mantenerse cerca de sus parejas, comprometiéndose en el tratamiento delictivo de ellos, lo que repercutió en una percepción de mayor cohesión marital. El compromiso asumido con sus relaciones se mostró relacionado, además del amor a los cónyuges, a un deseo de mantenimiento del matrimonio y del núcleo familiar, y reveló experiencias de celos por parte de los hombres. Las dificultades en la comunicación, los conflictos relacionados a la insatisfacción con el contexto carcelario, y la ausencia de privacidad en la intimidad y sexualidad de la pareja fueron mencionadas por las participantes.(AU)

Expectativas de mães e cuidadoras sobre participação em um programa de prevenção à violência / Expectations of mothers/caregivers regarding the participation in a violence prevention program / Expectativas de madres/cuidadoras sobre la participación en un programa de prevención de la violencia

O presente estudo qualitativo objetivou compreender as expectativas de mães e cuidadoras sobre a sua participação no Programa ACT para Educar Crianças em Ambientes Seguros na versão remota, no período da pandemia de covid-19. Também visou identificar a percepção das participantes sobre educar uma criança em um ambiente seguro. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas on-line com doze mães e cuidadoras, antes da participação no Programa ACT. Os resultados indicaram diferentes expectativas sobre a participação no Programa ACT, entre elas: adquirir novos conhecimentos, aprimorar as habilidades parentais, trocar experiências, receber auxílio no momento da pandemia de covid-19 e possibilitar para a criança um desenvolvimento saudável. Na percepção das mães e cuidadoras, a versão remota do Programa ACT apresenta aspectos positivos; entre eles, a participação de pais e cuidadores que não residem na cidade em que é oferecida a intervenção. No entanto, apontaram como fatores negativos a ausência do contato físico e as interrupções que podem acontecer a partir das falhas de internet. Para as mães e cuidadoras, educar a criança em um ambiente seguro estava relacionado a promover os direitos estabelecidos no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), como educação, saúde, lazer, cuidado, afeto, assim como protegê-la de situações de violência. Considera-se que as expectativas das participantes estavam alinhadas aos objetivos do Programa ACT. Torna-se prioritário oferecer programas de prevenção à violência aos pais e cuidadores, em especial em momentos adversos como o da pandemia de covid-19, a fim de promover o desenvolvimento e a saúde das crianças, assim como prevenir situações de violação de direitos.(AU)

This qualitative study aims to understand the expectations of mothers and caregivers about participating in the ACT Raising Safe Kids Program in its remote version, during the COVID-19 pandemic period. It also aims to identify the participants' perception of raising a child in a safe environment. Semi-structured on-line interviews were conducted with 12 mothers/caregivers, prior to participation in the ACT Program. The results indicated different expectations regarding the participation in the ACT Program, for example: acquiring new knowledge, improving parenting skills, exchanging experiences, receiving support during the COVID-19 pandemic, and enabling the child to have a healthy development. In the perception of mothers and caregivers, the remote version of the ACT Program has positive aspects, such as the participation of parents and caregivers who do not live in the city where the intervention is offered. However, they pointed out as negative factors absence of physical contact and interruptions due to internet failures. For the mothers/caregivers, educating children in a safe environment was related to promoting the rights established by the Brazilian Child and Adolescent Statute, namely education, health, leisure, care, affection, as well as protecting them from situations of violence. The expectations of the participants were aligned with the objectives of the ACT Program. Offering violence prevention programs to parents and caregivers is a priority, especially in adverse moments such as the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to promote the development and health of children, as well as prevent situations of violation of rights.(AU)

Este estudio cualitativo pretendió comprender las expectativas de madres y cuidadoras sobre la participación en el Programa de ACT para Educar a Niños en Ambientes Seguros en la versión remota, en el periodo de la pandemia de la COVID-19. También se propuso identificar la percepción de las participantes sobre educar a un niño en un ambiente seguro. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas en línea con 12 madres/cuidadoras, antes de la participación en el Programa ACT. Los resultados señalaron diferentes expectativas con la participación del Programa de ACT, entre ellas: adquirir nuevos conocimientos, perfeccionar las habilidades parentales, intercambiar experiencias, recibir auxilio en el momento de la pandemia de la COVID-19 y posibilitar al niño un desarrollo saludable. En la percepción de las madres y cuidadoras, la versión remota del Programa de ACT presenta aspectos positivos, como la participación de padres y cuidadores que no residen en la ciudad donde es ofrecida la intervención. Sin embargo, señalaron como factores negativos la ausencia del contacto físico y las interrupciones, que pueden ocurrir por fallas en Internet. Para las madres/cuidadoras, educar al niño en un ambiente seguro estaba relacionado a promover los derechos establecidos en el Estatuto del Niño y del Adolescente de Brasil, como educación, salud, ocio, cuidado, afecto, así como protegerlo de situaciones de violencia. Se considera que las expectativas de las participantes estaban alineadas con los objetivos del Programa de ACT. Es prioritario ofrecer programas de prevención a la violencia a los padres y cuidadores, en especial en momentos adversos como el de la pandemia de la COVID-19, con el fin de promover el desarrollo y la salud de los niños, así como prevenir situaciones de vulneración de derechos.(AU)

Falsa acusação de abuso sexual na alienação parental: luto ou melancolia? / False accusation of sexual abuse in parental alienation: mourning or melancholia? / Falsa acusación de abuso sexual en la alienación parental: ¿luto o melancolía?

Este artigo apresenta como principal objeto de estudo a falsa acusação de abuso sexual no contexto da alienação parental para, diante dela, estabelecer a seguinte problemática: será possível propor uma eventual correlação entre si e os processos psíquicos do luto e da melancolia? Neste sentido, a partir do recurso teórico ao referencial psicanalítico de Freud e de Laplanche, debate as circunstâncias que norteiam o discurso levado ao Judiciário pelo genitor alienante valorizando em tal movimento não apenas a realidade material da prova, tão importante no campo jurídico, mas também a realidade psíquica ditada pelo inconsciente, a qual se pauta em uma noção de verdade que, na sua vinculação direta com a particularidade de cada sujeito e com o dinamismo das relações específicas que ele estabelece consigo mesmo e com os outros, coloca em xeque as certezas positivistas da norma. Em termos conclusivos, destaca o quanto, a despeito da atual literatura existente sobre alienação parental no Brasil a correlacionar, em regra, a um luto mal elaborado por parte do alienante, é possível e mesmo desejável cogitar também a presença da melancolia - ou, mais especificamente, de traços melancólicos intermediários - na formação e desenvolvimento desse fenômeno.(AU)

This article presents as the main object of study the false accusation of sexual abuse in the context of parental alienation, to establish the following problem: would it be possible to propose a probable correlation between parental alienation and the psychic processes of mourning and melancholia? In this sense, based on the psychoanalytic theoretical framework of Freud and Laplanche, the article discusses the circumstances that guide the discourse taken to the judiciary branch by the alienating parent, valuing in such action not only the material reality of the evidence, which is very important in the legal field, but also the psychic reality dictated by the unconscious, which is guided by a notion of truth that, in its direct connection with the particularity of each subject and with the dynamism of the specific relations that they establish with themselves and others, threatens the positivist certainties of the norm. In conclusive terms, it highlights how, despite the current existing literature on parental alienation in Brazil generally correlates it to a poorly elaborated mourning by the alienating person, it is possible and even desirable to also consider the presence of melancholia-or, more specifically, of intermediate melancholic traits-in the formation and development of this phenomenon.(AU)

Este artículo presenta como principal objeto de estudio la falsa acusación de abuso sexual en el contexto de alienación parental, con el fin de responder al siguiente planteamiento: ¿Es posible proponer una posible correlación entre la alienación parental y los procesos psíquicos de duelo y melancolía? Para ello, desde el marco psicoanalítico de Freud y de Laplanche, se discuten las circunstancias del discurso llevado al Poder Judicial por el padre alienante, que valora en tal movimiento no solo la realidad material de la prueba, tan importante en el campo jurídico, sino también la realidad psíquica dictada por el inconsciente, el cual se guía por una noción de verdad que, en su conexión directa con la particularidad de cada sujeto y con el dinamismo de las relaciones específicas que establece consigo mismo y con otros, pone en jaque las certezas positivistas de la norma. En la conclusión, destaca cómo, a pesar de la literatura actual existente sobre la alienación parental en Brasil, en general, la correlaciona con un duelo mal diseñado por parte de la persona alienante, es posible e incluso deseable considerar la presencia de la melancolía -más específicamente, de rasgos melancólicos intermediarios- en la formación y desarrollo de este fenómeno.(AU)

Vigilancia de la resistencia del Mycobacterium tuberculosis a los fármacos en Paraguay, 2014 a 2017 / Surveillance of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Paraguay, 2014 to 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la resistencia del Mycobacterium tuberculosis a los fármacos en Paraguay, 2014 a 2017. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se utilizaron los datos del Programa Nacional de Tuberculosis del Paraguay comprendidos entre los años 2014 a 2017. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de Tuberculosis que se realizaron un test de resistencia. Se extrajeron los datos en Excel y fueron analizados con Stata 17.0. Se incluyeron 3429 pacientes con tuberculosis que contaban con resultado de al menos una prueba de sensibilidad. La resistencia se encontró en 2.1% de los pacientes. La resistencia a la Rifampicina estuvo presente en el 0.3% de los casos mientras que a la Izionazida en el 0.6% de los casos. La prevalencia de resistencia fue más alta en hombres 3.4 (IC 95% 2.2 - 4.8) p=0.003, que residían en el chaco 6.0 (IC 95% 3.4 - 9.7) p=0.000, previamente tratados 2.7 (IC 95% 1.1 - 5.1) p=0.010. En el modelo se pudo observar que un paciente previamente tratado tiene mayores posibilidades de tener resistencia OR 2.62 (IC 95% 1.1 - 6.24). La prevalencia de resistencia del Mycobacterium tuberculosis a fármacos estuvo relacionada con haber sido previamente tratado

The objective of the study was to identify the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to drugs in Paraguay, 2014 to 2017. A retrospective observational study was carried out. The data from the National Tuberculosis Program of Paraguay between the years 2014 to 2017 were used. All patients with a diagnosis of Tuberculosis who underwent a resistance test were included. Data were extracted in Excel and analyzed with Stata 17.0. 3429 tuberculosis patients who had a result of at least one sensitivity test were included. Resistance was found in 2.1% of patients. Resistance to Rifampicin was present in 0.3% of cases while to Izionazide in 0.6% of cases. The prevalence of resistance was higher in men 3.4 (95% CI 2.2 - 4.8) p = 0.003, who resided in the Chaco 6.0 (95% CI 3.4 - 9.7) p = 0.000, previously treated 2.7 (95% CI 1.1 - 5.1) p = 0.010. In the model, it was observed that a previously treated patient has a greater chance of having resistance OR 2.62 (95% CI 1.1 - 6.24). The prevalence of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to drugs was related to having been previously treated

Incidence of acute respiratory symptoms and COVID-19 infection in children in public schools in Bogotá, Colombia, from July to November, 2020 / Incidencia de síntomas respiratorios agudos y COVID-19 en niños de escuelas públicas de Bogotá, Colombia, entre julio y noviembre de 2020

Introduction: More than 90% of children infected with COVID-19 worldwide developed mild to moderate disease. In Colombia, during 2020, COVID-19 infections in children stayed below 9.2% of the total cases, with no trends for age group or sex. Objective: To estimate the incidence of acute respiratory symptoms and COVID-19 in children from public schools in Bogotá, Colombia during the second semester of 2020. Material and methods: A telephone survey was conducted in over 5,000 scholar children. Antecedents and use of health services were informed. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: A total of 151.470 persons per day accounting for an IR of 157,8 per 100,000 people; almost three times the rate reported by the official surveillance system in the city. Conclusion: A lack of diagnosis and consultation in children was found compared to the general population. Further research is needed to elucidate the true burden of the disease in children.

Introducción. Más del 90% de los niños infectados con COVID-19 en el mundo, desarrollaron enfermedad leve a moderada. En Colombia, durante el 2020, la infección del COVID-19 en niños se mantuvo por debajo de 9,2 % del total de los casos sin tendencias por grupo de edad o sexo. Objetivo. Estimar la incidencia de síntomas respiratorios agudos y COVID19 en niños de escuelas públicas en Bogotá (Colombia) durante el segundo semestre de 2020. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una encuesta telefónica en más de 5.000 escolares. Se recolectó información de antecedentes médicos y uso de servicios de salud. La información obtenida se describió mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados. Se contabilizó un total de 151.470 personas al día para una tasa de incidencia de 157,8 en 100.000 personas, casi tres veces la tasa reportada por el sistema de vigilancia oficial de la ciudad. Conclusión. Se encontraron deficiencias en el diagnóstico y consulta de los niños, al compararlos con la población general. Se necesita más investigación para dilucidar la verdadera carga de la enfermedad en la población infantil.

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 20 (del 15 al 21 de mayo de 2022) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 20 (from May 15 to 21, 2022)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 20/2022. Alertas internacionales, situación epidemiológica de dengue, situación epidemiológica de zika y Chikungunya, infección respiratoria aguda, neumonías, situación mundial del 2019-nCov (OMS), vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios, vigilancia centinela de rotavirus y enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events until SE 20/2022. International alerts, epidemiological situation of dengue, epidemiological situation of Zika and Chikungunya, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, global situation of 2019-nCov (WHO), sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, sentinel surveillance of rotavirus and acute diarrheal disease

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 21 (del 22 al 28 de mayo de 2022) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 21 (from May 22 to 28, 2022)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 21/2022. Alertas internacionales, situación epidemiológica de dengue, situación epidemiológica de zika y Chikungunya, infección respiratoria aguda, neumonías, situación mundial del 2019-nCov (OMS), vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios, vigilancia centinela de rotavirus y enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events until SE 21/2022. International alerts, epidemiological situation of dengue, epidemiological situation of Zika and Chikungunya, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, global situation of 2019-nCov (WHO), sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, sentinel surveillance of rotavirus and acute diarrheal disease

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 19 (del 08 al 14 de mayo de 2022) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 19 (from May 08 to 14, 2022)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 19/2022. Alertas internacionales, situación epidemiológica de dengue, situación epidemiológica de zika y Chikungunya, infección respiratoria aguda, neumonías, situación mundial del 2019-nCov (OMS), vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios, vigilancia centinela de rotavirus y enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events until SE 19/2022. International alerts, epidemiological situation of dengue, epidemiological situation of Zika and Chikungunya, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, global situation of 2019-nCov (WHO), sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, sentinel surveillance of rotavirus and acute diarrheal disease

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 17 (del 24 al 30 de abril de 2022) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 17 (from April 24 to 30, 2022)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 17/2022. Alertas internacionales, situación epidemiológica de dengue, situación epidemiológica de zika y Chikungunya, infección respiratoria aguda, neumonías, situación mundial del 2019-nCov (OMS), vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios, vigilancia centinela de rotavirus y enfermedad diarreica aguda.

Summary of notification events until SE 17/2022. International alerts, epidemiological situation of dengue, epidemiological situation of Zika and Chikungunya, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, global situation of 2019-nCov (WHO), sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, sentinel surveillance of rotavirus and acute diarrheal disease

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 12 (del 20 al 26 de marzo de 2022) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 12 (from March 20 to 26, 2022)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 12/2022. Alertas internacionales, situación epidemiológica de dengue, situación epidemiológica de zika y Chikungunya, infección respiratoria aguda, neumonías, situación mundial del 2019-nCov (OMS), vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios, vigilancia centinela de rotavirus y enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events until SE 12/2022. International alerts, epidemiological situation of dengue, epidemiological situation of Zika and Chikungunya, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, global situation of 2019-nCov (WHO), sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, sentinel surveillance of rotavirus and acute diarrheal disease

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 13 (del 27 de marzo al 2 de abril de 2022) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 13 (from March 27 to April 2, 2022)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 13/2022. Alertas internacionales, situación epidemiológica de dengue, situación epidemiológica de zika y Chikungunya, infección respiratoria aguda, neumonías, situación mundial del 2019-nCov (OMS), vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios, vigilancia centinela de rotavirus y enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events until SE 13/2022. International alerts, epidemiological situation of dengue, epidemiological situation of Zika and Chikungunya, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, global situation of 2019-nCov (WHO), sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, sentinel surveillance of rotavirus and acute diarrheal disease

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 15 (del 10 al 16 de abril de 2022) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 15 (from April 10 to 16, 2022)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 15/2022. Alertas internacionales, situación epidemiológica de dengue, situación epidemiológica de zika y Chikungunya, infección respiratoria aguda, neumonías, situación mundial del 2019-nCov (OMS), vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios, vigilancia centinela de rotavirus y enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events until SE 15/2022. International alerts, epidemiological situation of dengue, epidemiological situation of Zika and Chikungunya, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, global situation of 2019-nCov (WHO), sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, sentinel surveillance of rotavirus and acute diarrheal disease

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 16 (del 17 al 23 de abril de 2022) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 16 (from April 17 to 23, 2022)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 16/2022. Alertas internacionales, situación epidemiológica de dengue, situación epidemiológica de zika y Chikungunya, infección respiratoria aguda, neumonías, situación mundial del 2019-nCov (OMS), vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios, vigilancia centinela de rotavirus y enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events until SE 16/2022. International alerts, epidemiological situation of dengue, epidemiological situation of Zika and Chikungunya, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, global situation of 2019-nCov (WHO), sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, sentinel surveillance of rotavirus and acute diarrheal disease

Eventos adversos após a vacina papilomavírus humano em adolescentes no estado de Minas Gerais / Eventos adversos después de la vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano, en adolescentes en el estado de Minas Gerais / Adverse events following human papillomavirus vaccine in adolescents in the state of Minas Gerais

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar as notificações dos eventos adversos pós-vacinação papilomavírus humano no estado de Minas Gerais, de acordo com a localidade de notificação, a causalidade, a gravidade e a evolução dos casos. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico realizado com os dados de 2015-2019, notificados no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância de Eventos Adversos. Os dados foram analisados e apresentados em proporções, segundo as macrorregiões de saúde e os anos do estudo. Resultados: em 2015, foram notificados 26,41% eventos adversos, sendo o ano com maior notificação. Na análise das macrorregiões de saúde, Vale do Jequitinhonha apresentou a menor prevalência de registro (0,43%), e a Centro a maior prevalência de notificação (30,95%). Os eventos adversos locais mais prevalentes foram: dor (56,48%) e edema (38,89%). Já quanto aos eventos sistêmicos, a cefaleia (29,69%) e a gastroenterite (29,69%) tiveram os maiores registros de casos. Os eventos classificados como adversos não graves (59,82%) foram os mais prevalentes, e quanto à causa, 35,94% deles foram atribuídos aos erros de imunização. Conclusão: este estudo reforça que os eventos adversos pós-vacina de HPV foram, em sua maioria, eventos não graves, demonstrando, portanto, a segurança da vacina HPV para o público adolescente, contribuindo para o aumento das taxas de cobertura vacinal.

RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar las notificaciones de eventos adversos de papilomavirus humano en el Estado de Minas Gerais, según la localidad de notificación, la causalidad, la gravedad y la evolución de los casos. Métodos: estudio epidemiológico realizado con datos de 2015-2019, notificados en el Sistema de Información de Vigilancia de Eventos Adversos. Los datos fueron analizados y presentados en proporciones, según las macrorregiones sanitarias y los años del estudio. Resultados: en 2015 se notificaron un 26,41% de eventos adversos, siendo el año con mayor notificación. Al analizar las macrorregiones sanitarias, el Valle de Jequitinhonha tuvo la menor prevalencia de registro, con un 0,43%, y el Centro tuvo la mayor prevalencia de notificación (30,95%). Los efectos adversos locales más frecuentes fueron el dolor (56,48%) y el edema (38,89%). En cuanto a los eventos sistémicos, la cefalea (29,69%) y la gastroenteritis (29,69%) presentaron el mayor número de casos. Los eventos clasificados como adversos no graves (59,82%) fueron los más prevalentes y, en cuanto a la causa, el 35,94% de ellos se atribuyeron a los errores de inmunización. Conclusión: este estudio refuerza que los eventos adversos posteriores a la vacuna contra el VPH fueron en su mayoría eventos no graves, demostrando así la seguridad de la vacuna contra el VPH para el público adolescente y contribuyendo al aumento de las tasas de cobertura de vacunación.

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate reports of adverse events following human papillomavirus vaccination in the state of Minas Gerais, according to the location of notification, causality, severity, and evolution of cases. Methods: epidemiological study carried out with data from 2015-2019, reported in the Adverse Event Surveillance Information System. Data were analyzed and presented in proportions, according to health macro-regions and years of study. Results: in 2015, 26.41% of adverse events were reported, being the year with the highest number of notifications. In the analysis of health macro-regions, Vale do Jequitinhonha had the lowest prevalence of registration (0.43%), and the Center had the highest prevalence of notification (30.95%). The most prevalent local adverse events were pain (56.48%) and edema (38.89%). As for systemic events, headache (29.69%) and gastroenteritis (29.69%) had the highest number of cases. Events classified as non-serious adverse events (59.82%) were the most prevalent, and regarding the cause, 35.94% of them were attributed to immunization errors. Conclusion: this study reinforces that adverse events following HPV vaccination were, for the most part, non-serious events, thus demonstrating the safety of the HPV vaccine for the adolescent public, contributing to the increase in vaccine coverage rates.

Evaluación crítica de la literatura: ¿Nuevos usos del tadalafilo? / Critical Appraisal of Literature: ¿New Indications for Tadalafil?

Con respecto al estudio de Espitia-De La Hoz[1] publicado en su prestigiosa revista, quisiéramos expresar algunas particularidades importantes. Esperando que dichos argumentos ayuden a mejorar la lectura crítica de artículos científicos. Para poner en contexto y como primer punto, este estudio se plantea como intervención el uso del tadalafilo a una dosis de 2,5 mg diarios durante 12 semanas en mujeres. Llama la atención que no se especifican los motivos por los cuales se establece esta dosis. En Colombia se encuentran disponibles las presentaciones de 5 mg, 10 mg y 20 mg para hombres con disfunción erectil, hiperplasia prostática benigna o su combinación.[2] Además, los registros sanitarios de Instituto Nacional de Vigilância de Medicamentos e Alimentos (INVIMA) no dan registro de esta presentación ni el uso en mujeres.[3] Se deja como mensaje a la comunidad científica, que el tadalafilo es un comprimido recubierto, sin ranuras, por lo tanto no debe dividirse de ninguna forma.[4] [5] Adicionalmente, su uso en mujeres sería off label y solo debería realizarse en el contexto de un estudio de investigación.

With respect to the study by Espitia-De La Hoz[1] published in your prestigious journal, we would like to express some important particularities. We hope that these arguments will help to improve the critical reading of scientific articles. To put in context and as a first point, this study proposes as an intervention the use of tadalafil at a dose of 2.5 mg daily for 12 weeks in women. It is noteworthy that the reasons for establishing this dose are not specified. In Colombia, 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg presentations are available for men with erectile dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia or their combination.[2] Furthermore, the health records of the Instituto Nacional de Vigilância de Medicamentos e Alimentos (INVIMA) give no record of this presentation or its use in women. [3] It is left as a message to the scientific community that tadalafil is a coated tablet, without grooves, therefore it should not be divided in any way. 4] [5] In addition, its use in women would be off label and should only be performed in the context of a research study.

Boletín Epidemiológico Semana 07 (del 13 al 19 de febrero de 2022) / Epidemiological Bulletin Week 07 (from February 13 to 19, 2022)

Resumen de eventos de notificación hasta SE 07/2022. Alertas internacionales, situación epidemiológica de dengue, situación epidemiológica de zika y Chikungunya, infección respiratoria aguda, neumonías, situación mundial del 2019-nCov (OMS), vigilancia centinela de influenza y otros virus respiratorios, vigilancia centinela de rotavirus y enfermedad diarreica aguda

Summary of notification events until SE 07/2022. International alerts, epidemiological situation of dengue, epidemiological situation of Zika and Chikungunya, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, global situation of 2019-nCov (WHO), sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, sentinel surveillance of rotavirus and acute diarrheal disease