Nivel de conocimiento de los padres sobre el uso de pastas dentales en asociación con la ingesta estimada de fluoruro en niños / Level of knowledge in parents about the use of toothpaste in association with estimated fluoride intake in children

Resumen Introducción: Diversos estudios han demostrado que los padres aún no cuentan con el conocimiento suficiente sobre el uso de pastas dentales que deben consumir sus hijos. Muchos de ellos desconocen desde que edad se debe empezar con el uso de pastas dentales, la cantidad exacta que se debe colocar en el cepillo y sobre todo con qué frecuencia se deben cepillar. Objetivo: Asociar el nivel de conocimiento de los padres sobre el uso de pastas dentales con las características asociadas a la ingesta estimada de fluoruro en niños entre los 6 meses a 8 años de Lima Metropolitana y Callao. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se realizó el cuestionario a 264 padres de familia residentes en Lima Metropolitana y Callao durante los meses de julio a septiembre del 2020. Se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Para el análisis bivariado, se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado de El nivel de significancia estadística fue de 0.05. Resultados: Se observa que el 52.94% de los padres, así como el 60.41% de las madres presentan un nivel medio de conocimiento sobre el uso de pastas dentales con flúor. Además, se obtuvo que el 56.25% de los padres que afirmaron que sus hijos no se enjuagan con agua después del cepillado presentan un nivel alto de conocimiento sobre el uso de pastas dentales con flúor. Conclusión: Se obtuvo que el 57.58% de los padres tenían un nivel medio de conocimiento sobre el uso de pastas dentales con flúor. Se encontró asociación entre el nivel de conocimiento sobre el uso de pastas dentales con flúor y las características asociadas a la ingesta estimada de fluoruro.

Abstract Introduction: Various studies have shown that parents still do not have sufficient knowledge about the use of toothpastes that their children should consume. Many of them do not know from what age to start using toothpastes, the exact amount to be placed on the brush and especially how often they should be brushed. Aim: To associate the level of knowledge of parents about the use of toothpastes with the characteristics associated with the estimated intake of fluoride in children between 6 months to 8 years of Metropolitan Lima and Callao. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, and crosssectional study. The questionnaire was carried out on 264 parents residing in Metropolitan Lima and Callao during the months of July to September 2020. The absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. For the bivariate analysis, the Chi-square test of the level of statistical significance was used was 0.05. Results: It is observed that 52.94% of the fathers, as well as 60.41% of the mothers present a medium level of knowledge about the use of fluoride toothpastes. In addition, it was found that 56.25% of parents who stated that their children do not rinse with water after brushing have a high level of knowledge about the use of fluoride toothpastes. Conclusion: It was found that the 57.58% of parents had a median level of knowledge about the use of fluoride toothpastes. An association was found between the level of knowledge about the use of fluoride toothpastes and the characteristics associated with the estimated fluoride intake.

Systematization of oral hygiene in a pediatric patient: case report / Sistematización de la higiene oral en un paciente pediátrico: reporte de caso

Oral hygiene is an important step in the control of the biofilm, a factor related to diseases such as gingivitis and tooth decay. The systematization of oral hygiene in children is a set of measures that seeks to achieve sequential learning, thus guaranteeing a better elimination of the biofilm. Objetive: To show a sequence of systematized steps in oral hygiene in a pediatric patient with a definitely positive behavior. Case Report: Six year old female patient, without relevant medical history. On clinical intraoral examination presented biofilm accumulation and swollen gums. The presumptive diagnosis was marginal gingivitis associated with biofilm, the treatment included a preventive phase with motivation and education. The control of the disease evolution was carried out with a card of Systematization Technique of Oral Hygiene, the methodology included the recording of the educational sessions using videos and photographs. Results: the adequate use of the amount of toothpaste was achieved, the integrity was improved to 100%, the brushing time increased from 24 to 120 seconds and it was possible to add tongue brushing and not rinsing after brushing within the oral hygiene routine. Conclusion: The patient was able to clean all dental surfaces, using homogeneous times for each surface, following an orderly sequence in toothbrushing, as well as to acquire knowledge regarding the amount of toothpaste to use, tongue brushing and not rinsing after toothbrushing. The systematization of oral hygiene allowed us to achieve these achievements in six sessions.

La higiene oral es un paso importante para el control de la biopelícula, la cual es un factor relacionado con enfermedades como gingivitis y caries dental. La sistematización de la higiene oral en niños es un conjunto de medidas que buscan lograr un aprendizaje secuencial, garantizando así una mejor eliminación del biofilm. Objetivo: Mostrar una secuencia de pasos sistematizados en la higiene oral en un paciente pediátrico con comportamiento definitivamente positivo. Reporte de un Caso: Paciente femenino de 6 años, sin antecedentes médicos relevantes. Al examen clínico intraoral presentó acumulación de biofilm y encías inflamadas. El diagnóstico presuntivo fue gingivitis marginal asociada a biofilm, el tratamiento incluyó una fase preventiva con motivación y educación. El control de la evolución se realizó con una ficha sobre la Técnica de Sistematización de Higiene oral, la metodología incluye el registro de las sesiones educativas usando vídeos y fotografías. Resultados: se logró el uso adecuado de la cantidad de dentífrico, se mejoró la integridad al 100%, el tiempo de cepillado pasó de 24 a 120 segundos y se consiguió integrar el cepillado de la lengua y el no enjuague post cepillado dentro de su higiene oral. Conclusión: La paciente consiguió realizar la limpieza de todas las superficies dentales, tiempos homogéneos para cada superficie, una secuencia ordenada en su cepillado dental, así como adquirir conocimientos en la cantidad de dentífrico utilizado, el cepillado de la lengua y el no enjuagarse después del cepillado dental. La sistematización de la higiene oral permitió conseguir estos logros en 6 sesiones.

The in vitro remineralizing effect of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF after 6 and 12 weeks on initial caries lesion

Abstract Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the effects of remineralization promoting agents containing casein phosphopeptide-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), or CPP-ACP in combination with fluoride (CPP-ACPF) on artificial white spot lesions (WSLs) after 6 and 12 weeks. Methodology: White spot lesions were created on 123 sectioned premolars (246 specimens) with a demineralization solution during a 96 hours pH-cycling regime. Two experimental groups were created: a CPP-ACP group (Tooth Mousse™), and a CPP-ACPF group (Mi Paste Plus™). Additionally, two control groups were created, one using only a conventional toothpaste (1450 ppm fluoride) and another one without any working agents. All teeth were also daily brushed with the conventional toothpaste except the second control group. Tooth Mousse™ and Mi Paste Plus™ were applied for 180 seconds every day. The volume of demineralization was measured with transverse microradiography. Six lesion characteristics regarding the lesion depth and mineral content of WSLs were also determined. Results: The application of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF had a significant regenerative effect on the WSLs. Compared to Control group 1 and 2 the volume of demineralization after 6 weeks decreased significantly for CPP-ACP (respectively p<0.001 and p<0.001) and CPP-ACPF (respectively p=0.001 and p=0.003). The same trend was observed after 12 weeks. For the CPP-ACPF group, WSL dimensions decreased significantly between 6 and 12 weeks follow-up (p=0.012). The lesion depth reduced significantly after application of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF but increased significantly in the Control groups. Mineral content increased for CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF after an application period of 12 weeks, but this was only significant for CPP-ACP. Conclusions: Long-term use of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF in combination with a conventional tooth paste shows beneficial effects in the recovery of in vitro subsurface caries lesions.

Effect of dental bleaching on pulp oxygen saturation in maxillary central incisors - a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Objective To assess pulp oxygen saturation levels (SaO2) in maxillary central incisors after dental bleaching. Materials and Methods 80 participants (160 teeth) were randomly allocated to four groups: G1 In-office bleaching with two applications of 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) (20 minutes), followed by at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) (2 hours/day for 16 days); G2 - Same protocol as G1, plus desensitizing toothpaste; G3 - In-office bleaching with 35% HP and one application of placebo gel (20 minutes), followed by at-home bleaching with 10% CP (2 hours/day for 16 days); and G4 - Same protocol as G3, plus desensitizing toothpaste. Pulp SaO2 levels were measured before (T0) and immediately after (T1) in-office bleaching; on the 5th (T2), 8th (T3), 12th (T4), and 16th days of at-home bleaching (T5); and on the 7th (T6) and 30th (T7) days. Mean (SD) pulp SaO2 levels were compared within groups by generalized estimating equations (GEE) and Student's t-test (P<0.05). Results Mean pulp SaO2 at T0 was 84.29% in G1, 84.38% in G2, 84.79% in G3, and 85.83% in G4. At T1, these values decreased to 81.96%, 82.06%, 82.19%, and 81.15% in G1, G2, G3, and G4 respectively, with significant difference in G4 (P<0.05). During home bleaching, pulp SaO2 levels varied in all groups, with 86.55%, 86.60%, 85.71%, and 87.15% means at T7 for G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively; G2 presented significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions Pulp SaO2 level in maxillary central incisors was similar at baseline, reducing immediately after in-office bleaching, regardless of using desensitizing toothpaste and increasing at 30 days after dental bleaching.

In vitro and in situ evaluation of the effects of high-fluoride and arginine-based toothpastes to control root caries / Avaliação in vitro e in situ do efeito de dentifrícios fluoretados de alta concentração de fluoreto e a base de arginina no controle da cárie radicular

The focus of our studies has been the root substrate dentin, once root caries prevalence has been reported as increasing in part due to people living longer and maintaining their natural teeth into old age. Furthermore, this condition is highly prevalent in patients undergoing head-and-neck radiotherapy (HNR). To better understand the effect of different toothpastes in sound and non-irradiated root dentin, this research was developed in 3 parts with specific objectives, involving both in nonirradiated and irradiated substrates. In study 1, high-F toothpaste (5,000 µg F/g) associated or not with f tri-calcium phosphate (f TCP) were compared in vitro with conventional one (1,450 µg F/g) to control bovine root caries development. The study 2 was conducted to evaluate if the in vitro performance would be similar in a closer clinical situation. An in situ design was performed and the effect of high-F toothpaste combined or not with f TCP comparing to 1,450 µg F/g combined or not with argininebased toothpastes in reducing the net demineralization of sound root dentin and on the remineralization in initial artificial caries lesions was verified. In study 3, the effects of radiation exposure on human root dentin composition, structure and mechanical properties were evaluated. In the first study, our findings highlight the importance of using high-F toothpastes to prevent root caries development. In the second one, the results showed great performance of high-F toothpastes and arginine-based toothpastes, in clinical situations. The results of study 3 showed that radiation exposure changed the composition and structure of human root dentin, which may detrimentally affect its mechanical properties. Overall, the studies suggest that at high-risk population, such as elderly people and patients undergoing HNR, it is important to develop protocols to minimize damages caused by carious lesions, inhibiting the net demineralization of root caries. The current results can clarify the effects of radiation on root dentin to help further studies in this area. We also could observe that conventional toothpaste is not as effective as high-F toothpastes to prevent this condition, in non-irradiated root dentin. This knowledge is of special interest to determine the quality of life of high-risk population to dental caries presenting available tools that can be of at-home use with beneficial effects on demineralization protection and reversion.(AU)

O foco de nossos estudos tem sido o substrato dentinário radicular, uma vez que há relatos do aumento da prevalência de cárie radicular, devido principalmente ao aumento da expectativa de vida da população e a manutenção dos dentes naturais nos idosos. Além disso, essa condição é altamente prevalente em pacientes submetidos à radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço (RCP). Para melhor entendimento do efeito de diferentes dentifrícios em dentina radicular não-irradiada e irradiada, essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida em 3 partes, com objetivos específicos. No estudo 1, dentifrícios de alta concentração de F (5000 µg F/g) associado ou não com tri cálcio fosfato (f TCP) foram comparados in vitro com dentifrícios convencionais (1450 µg F/g) no controle do desenvolvimento de cárie radicular bovina. O estudo 2 foi conduzido para avaliar se os resultados do in vitro seria o mesmo diante de uma situação mais próxima da clínica. Um desenho in situ foi realizado e o efeito de dentifrício de alta concentração de F combinado ou não com f TCP e comparado com dentifrícios convencionais 1450 µg F/g combinado ou não com dentifrícios a base de arginina na redução da desmineralização de dentina radicular hígida e na remineralização de lesões cariosas previamente desenvolvidas foi avaliado. No estudo 3, os efeitos da exposição da dentina humana à radiação na sua composição, estrutura e propriedades mecânicas foram avaliados. No primeiro estudo, os resultados destacam a importância do uso de dentifrícios de alta concentração de F para prevenir o desenvolvimento de cárie radicular. No segundo, os resultados mostraram boa performance clínica dos dentifrícios de alta concentração de F e a base de arginina. O estudo 3 mostrou que a exposição à radiação altera a composição e estrutura da dentina radicular humana. De modo geral, os estudos sugerem que em população de alto risco, como os idosos e pacientes submetidos à RCP, é importante desenvolver protocolos para minimizar danos causados pelas lesões de cárie, inibindo a desmineralização líquida da cárie radicular. Os presentes resultados podem clarificar os efeitos da radiação na dentina radicular e ajudar em estudos posteriores nessa área. Também é possível observar que dentifrícios convencionais não são tão efetivos como os de alta concentração para prevenir essa condição, em dentina radicular não irradiada. Tal conhecimento é de especial interesse para garantir a qualidade de vida da população de alto risco à cárie, apresentando ferramentas disponíveis que podem ser usadas em casa com efeito benéfico na proteção da desmineralização.(AU)

Estudio de la actividad antimicrobiana de una crema dental en gel con EDS frente a Streptococcus mutans y Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans / A study of the antimicrobial activity of a EDS-containing dental gel against Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Determinar la actividad antimicrobiana de la pasta en gel de dientes contra dos microorganismos: mutans Streptococccus y Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans...

Color stability and surface roughness of artificial teeth brushed with an experimental Ricinus communis toothpaste

To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of brushing with a Ricinus communis-based experimental toothpaste on color stability and surface roughness of artificial teeth. Methods: Ninety artificial teeth (maxillary central incisors) in different shades, light and dark (NatusDent Triple Pressing, Dentbras) were used. Initial color (Spectrophotometer Easyshade, VITA) and surface roughness (Rugosimeter Surfcorder SE 1700, Kosakalab) readouts were performed. After baseline measurements, samples were assigned to 10 groups (n=9) according to the artificial tooth shade and type of toothpaste used during the mechanical brushing test (Pepsodent, MAVTEC): Sorriso Dentes Brancos - SDB, Colgate Luminous White - CLW (Colgate-Palmolive), Close up White Now - CWN (Unilever), Trihydral - THL (Perland Pharmacos) and Ricinus communis - RCE (Experimental). After 29,200 cycles of brushing, corresponding to 2 years of brushing by a healthy individual, new color and roughness readouts of the specimens were performed. Data (before and after the tests) were statistically analyzed (2-way repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey, p<0.05). Results: RCE toothpaste produced the greatest color stability for dark tooth shade and the second best color stability for light tooth shade. For surface roughness alteration, there was no difference (p>0.05) for any tested toothpaste regardless of tooth shade. Conclusions: The experimental Ricinus communis toothpaste did not cause color and surface roughness alteration in the artificial teeth, and it may be considered a suitable option for denture cleaning...

Sodium fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate cream plus sodium fluoride efficacy in preventing enamel erosion in a simulated oral environment study model.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dentifrices containing high concentrations of sodium fluoride (NaF) and casein phosphopeptide‑amorphous calcium phosphate cream plus fluoride (CPP‑ACPF) in prevention of the erosion in a simulated oral environment study model. Subjects and Methods: Fifteen flat human enamel specimens were polished and half of the surfaces were protected with adhesive tape. Initial Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (SR) were measured, and specimens were assigned to four groups: Control (placebo toothpaste – G1); CPP‑ACPF (G2), NaF 1450 ppm (G3), and NaF 5000 ppm (G4). Enamel surfaces were brushed 3 times daily in association with demineralization‑remineralization cycles (5s in cola drink + 5s in artificial saliva/10 cycles/twice daily) and the specimens were maintained in a salivary flow simulator apparatus. After 14 days, KHN and SR were measured again, and the enamel surfaces were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using the two‑way ANOVA and Student–Newman– Keuls multiple range test (α =0.05). Results: All the tested groups presented a decrease in KHN after 14 days (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance among materials tested. Significant increase in SR was observed for all groups. SEM analysis showed morphological alterations with honeycomb structures in enamel surfaces in the four experimental groups. Conclusions: It was concluded that tooth brushing with dentifrices with high concentration of NaF and CPP‑ACPF cream was not able to prevent enamel erosion in simulated oral environment.

Impact of Experimental Nano-HAP Pastes on Bovine Enamel and Dentin Submitted to a pH Cycling Model

This in vitro study evaluated the preventive potential of experimental pastes containing 10% and 20% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Nano-HAP), with or without fluoride, on dental demineralization. Bovine enamel (n=15) and root dentin (n=15) specimens were divided into 9 groups according to their surface hardness: control (without treatment), 20 Nanop paste (20% HAP), 20 Nanop paste plus (20% HAP + 0.2% NaF), 10 Nanop paste (10% HAP), 10 Nanop paste plus (10% HAP + 0.2% NaF), placebo paste (without fluoride and HAP), fluoride paste (0.2% NaF), MI paste (CPP-ACP, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate), and MI paste plus (CPP-ACP + 0.2% NaF). Both MI pastes were included as commercial control products containing calcium phosphate. The specimens were treated with the pastes twice a day (1 min), before and after demineralization. The specimens were subjected to a pH-cycling model (demineralization–6-8 h/ remineralization-16-18 h a day) for 7 days. The dental subsurface demineralization was analyzed using cross-sectional hardness (kgf/mm 2 , depth 10-220 µm). Data were tested using repeated-measures two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (p<0.05). The only treatment able to reduce the loss of enamel and dentin subsurface hardness was fluoride paste (0.2% NaF), which differed significantly from the control at 30- and 50-µm depth (p<0.0001). The other treatments were not different from each other or compared with the control. The experimental Nanop pastes, regardless of the addition of fluoride, were unable to reduce dental demineralization in vitro.

Este estudo in vitro avaliou o potencial de pastas experimentais contendo nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita a 10% e 20% (Nano-HAP), com ou sem fluoreto, na prevenção da desmineralização dentária. Espécimes de esmalte (n=15) e de dentina radicular (n=15) bovinos foram divididos em nove grupos de acordo com o valor de dureza superficial: controle (sem tratamento), pasta Nanop 20 (HAP 20%), pasta Nanop 20 plus (HAP 20% + NaF 0,2%), pasta Nanop 10 (HAP 10%), pasta Nanop 10 plus (HAP 10% + NaF 0,2%), pasta placebo (sem F e HAP), pasta fluoretada (NaF 0,2%), pasta MI (CPP-ACP, fosfopeptídio da caseína-fosfato de cálcio amorfo), e pasta MI plus (CPP-ACP + NaF 0,2%). As duas pastas MI foram inclusas como grupos controles comerciais contendo fosfato de cálcio. Os espécimes foram tratados com as pastas duas vezes ao dia (1 min), antes e após a desmineralização. Os espécimes foram submetidos a um modelo de ciclagem de pH (desmineralização 6-8 h/ remineralização 16-18 h por dia) durante sete dias. A desmineralização dentária de subsuperfície foi avaliada através da dureza longitudinal (kgf/mm 2 , profundidade de 10-220 µm). Os dados foram analisados utilizando ANOVA a dois critérios e teste de Bonferroni (p<0,05). O único tratamento capaz de reduzir a perda da dureza de subsuperfície do esmalte e da dentina foi a pasta fluoretada (NaF 0,2%), a qual diferiu significativamente do controle nas profundidades de 30 e 50 µm da superfície (p<0,0001). Os outros tratamentos não foram diferentes entre si ou quando comparados ao controle. As pastas experimentais Nanop, independentemente da presença de fluoreto, não foram capazes de reduzir a desmineralização dentária in vitro.

Validade de medidas autoaplicáveis para estimar a frequência de escovação e ingestão de água e bebidas / Validity of self-administered instruments used to estimate the frequency of toothbrushing, water and beverage intake

Introdução - O uso do creme dental, da escova dental, a frequência de escovação e ingestão de água e bebidas representam exposições relacionadas à saúde bucal. Essa frequência em populações tem sido estimada por meio de medidas indiretas; entretanto, a validade dessa forma de mensuração não é conhecida e há carência de instrumentos para sua mensuração em nível populacional. Objetivos - Revisar as evidências empíricas sobre a relação entre a frequência de uso de creme dental e os diferentes níveis de renda e escolaridade. Determinar a validade da medida indireta da quantidade de creme dental utilizado, do tamanho da cabeça da escova e da frequência de escovação com creme dental. Comparar uma medida autoaplicável sobre ingestão de água e bebidas por adolescentes com Recordatórios de 24 horas. Procedimentos Metodológicos - Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada utilizando-se as bases de dados Pubmed e Embase, buscando evidências empíricas sobre a relação entre a frequência de uso de creme dental e os diferentes níveis de renda e escolaridade. Uma subamostra de escolares na faixa etária de 13 a 16 anos de idade, em 2011, residentes no município de Piracicaba (SP), foi selecionada a partir de uma amostra representativa da população que participou de um estudo transversal sobre risco de obesidade em adolescentes (FAPESP 06/61085-0). Com este procedimento assegurou-se as mesmas características da amostra na subamostra de adolescentes participantes do estudo de validade. Após pré-teste dos instrumentos, um estudo de validação dividido em três momentos em intervalos de 15 dias foi conduzido com cada sujeito da pesquisa. No primeiro momento foram coletados os dados de peso/estatura, foi entregue um tubo de creme dental e também foi aferida a quantidade de creme dental habitualmente colocada na escova. No segundo momento, o tubo de creme dental usado foi recolhido e foi aferida pela segunda vez a quantidade de creme dental colocada na escova. No terceiro momento, uma medida com perguntas foi aplicada. Nos três momentos foram aplicados Recordatórios de 24 horas (R24h). Os dados obtidos a partir das perguntas contidas na medida indireta, R24h, e medidas diretas relacionadas ao consumo de creme dental foram comparados. Para isso, foram calculados os valores ponderados da estatística Kappa. Resultados - Os dados obtidos a partir das perguntas contidas na medida indireta foram comparados com as estimativas produzidas pela medida direta

Oral health-related knowledge, attitude, and practices among 12-year-old schoolchildren studying in rural areas of Panchkula, India.

Oral health is fundamental to general health and well being. Schools can provide a supportive environment for promoting oral health. School policies and education on health-related matters are imperative for the attainment of good oral health and control of related risk behaviors. Aim: This study was conducted to assess oral health-related knowledge, attitude, and practices among 12-year-old schoolchildren studying in rural areas of Panchkula, India. The ultimate goal was to implement an oral health-promotion program in this area. Materials and Methods: A total of 440 children (216 males and 224 females) from 12 schools were included in this study. All the participants were requested to complete a 13-question closed-ended questionnaire. The statistical significance of any difference between the two genders was determined using the Chi-square test. Results: Only 25% of the participants said that they cleaned their teeth more than once in a day. Thirty-two percent did not clean their teeth daily. Over the preceding 1 year, 45.5% of the childern had had some problem with their teeth and/or gums, but only 35.9% visited the dentist. Among these children, 8.2% used tobacco in some form. Oral health-related knowledge of girls was significantly better than that of boys. Conclusion: Based upon the findings of the present study, the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the surveyed children with regard to oral health is poor. Hence, there is a need for regular oral health education of the children, as well as their parents and school teachers.

Turma do escovinha Teens: contra o ataque dos Mutans / Panel of brush Teens: against the attack of mutans

Animação que conta a aventura da turma do escovinha na escola, numa aula sobre saúde bucal. A estória se desenvolve quando, em casa, uma bactéria bucal - o streptococus mutans, invade o computador de um dos meninos e contamina sua rede de amigos. Todos se unem num jogo virtual, para combater e exterminar o mutans. As crianças vão aprender quando foi inventado a escova de dentes e o creme dental e o que acontece quando não cuidamos dos dentes...

Prevención y tratamiento de las manchas blancas post-ortodóncicas - métodos y tecnologías emergentes basados en la evidencia (trad) / Prevention and treatment of post-orthodontic white spot lesions - evidence-based methods and emerging technologies

El propósito de este trabajo fue la revisión de la evidencia para el tratamiento de las lesiones de mancha blanca (LMB) adyacentes a la aparatología de ortodoncia fija. En la búsqueda de trabajos clínicos relevantes publicados en inglés entre 2004 y marzo de 2011, 23 trabajos cumplieron con el criterio de inclusión. Los trabajos se evaluaron por acción preventiva y/o disminución del riesgo absoluto cuando fue posible. Los resultados muestran el uso de fluoruros tópicos agregado al de pastas dentales como la mejor estrategia basada en la evidencia para prevenir las LMB. La aplicación profesional de barnices de fluoruro alrededor de los brackets durante el tratamiento ortodóntico aportó la mayor fuerza de la evidencia en los estudios de prevención de la LMB. La aplicación en el hogar de crema remineralizante de caseína fosfopéptica -fosfato amorfo de calcio estable como adjunto al dentífrico conteniendo fluoruros, para el tratamiento post-ortodóntico de las LMB, resultó favorable pero los resultados de los estudios no son del todo concluyentes. Las nuevas tecnologías como los azúcares de alcoholes y los probióticos, aún se encuentran en estudio. Es necesario desarrollar trabajos estandarizados con buen diseño y conclusiones para recomendar juicios basados en la evidencia.

Timing of fluoride toothpaste use and enamel-dentin demineralization

It is well established that fluoride (F) prevents caries development by inhibiting demineralization and enhancing remineralization processes. However, it is not known which of these protective mechanisms is more important. In this double-blind, crossover in situ study conducted in three phases of 14 days each, 12 volunteers wore palatal appliances containing enamel and root dentin slabs, on which biofilm was allowed to accumulate under exposure to 20 percent sucrose solution 8×/day. F toothpaste was used once a day, either before the daily demineralizing episodes (in the morning) or after them (at night). Non-F placebo toothpaste was used in the control group. F toothpaste significantly reduced enamel and dentin demineralization compared with the control (p < 0.05). F toothpaste was more effective when used after the demineralization episodes than before, and this difference was statistically significant for dentin (p < 0.05). The results suggest that brushing with F dentifrice at night to remineralize daily mineral losses may be preferable to brushing in the morning to inhibit the demineralizing episodes of the day.

In-vitro evaluation and comparison of the anti-microbial potency of commercially available oral hygiene products against Streptococcus mutans.

Background: Dental caries is the destruction of enamel, dentin, or cementum of teeth due to bacterial activities, which if left untreated can cause considerable pain, discomfort, and treatment costs are very high. Of the oral bacteria, Streptococcus mutans is considered to be causative agent of dental caries in humans. Aim: This study aims at screening the antibacterial potential of available oral hygiene products against S. mutans, the primary etiological agent. Materials and Methods: A selective number of toothpaste and mouth rinse available in the nearby local market was subjected to the study. The experiments were designed in a way to determine which one of these products had the greatest anti-S.mutans activity. Antibiotic sensitivity tests against the pathogenic strains were also conducted. Results and Discussion: Pathogenic strains of S.mutans were isolated from clinical dental specimen and identified using MTCC standard strain No. 890. Of the 86.66% samples which showed positive for S.mutans growth, almost 96% conferred sensitivity to 0.08 mg/ml of penicillin. Among the toothpastes used, A showed the maximum inhibitory activity against S.mutans inhibiting its growth even at a very low concentration of 0.0156 g/ml. Similar results were seen in the case of the mouth rinses used for the study, which showed that N had the most effective activity against S.mutans even at 1:8 dilution. Conclusion: The oral hygiene products containing triclosan proved to be the most effective followed by those containing fluoride. Herbal products showed comparatively lesser activity in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans. Even though there are so many products available to curb the progression of dental caries in the population targeted, there is still an undoubted prevalence and incidence of caries among the general public. The need for a better alternative to help control dental caries is on the rise even today.

Efecto de la arginina 8 por ciento-carbonato de calcio y del fluoruro de sodio al 5 por ciento en la reducción de la hipersensibilidad dentinaria post terapia periodontal: ensayo clínico / Effect of 8 percent arginine, calcium carbonate and 5 percent sodium fluoride on the reduction of the dentine hipersensitivity post periodontal therapy: clinical trial

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio clínico fue evaluar y comparar la eficacia en la reducción de la hipersensibilidad dentinaria de la arginina al 8 por ciento-carbonato de calcio, monofluorfosfato (1.450 ppm) en comparación con un grupo control tratado en base a un barniz de flúor (22.600 ppm) y un dentífrico fluorado (1.450 ppm), 3 veces al día durante un minuto, en pacientes con hipersensibilidad radicular en forma inmediata a la terapia periodontal mecánica (medición basal) y a las 4 semanas respectivamente. Materiales y Método: Estudio clínico aleatorizado de grupos paralelos, con 4 semanas de seguimiento, en el cual se reclutaron 20 pacientes con diagnóstico de periodontitis crónica leve a moderada, en tratamiento periodontal mecánico con presencia de recesiones gingivales a nivel de incisivos, caninos o premolares. A todos ellos, previa firma de consentimiento informado y en forma inmediata a los pulidos radiculares, se les aplicó el test térmico de chorro de aire con la jeringa de aire de la unidad dental a nivel de las recesiones gingivales con hipersensibilidad. La molestia o dolor fue determinado mediante la utilización de una escala visual análoga, realizada en forma inmediata a los pulidos radiculares (medición basal). Los pacientes fueron aleatoriamente asignados a uno de los siguientes grupos: grupo control, se les aplicó barniz de flúor (22.600 ppm) en todas las recesiones gingivales y se les indicó un dentífrico fluorado (1.450 ppm); grupo experimental, a quienes se les aplicó pasta tópica de arginina y carbonato de calcio (8 por ciento) a nivel de las recesiones gingivales, complementado con el uso de un dentífrico cuyo componente activo es la arginina al 8 por ciento-carbonato de calcio. Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados 4 semanas posterior a la aplicación y utilización domestica de los agentes des-sensibilizantes por un único examinador. Resultados: Ambos grupos experimentaron una disminución en la sensibilidad dentinaria, sin...

Aim: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate and to compare the efficacy in reducing the dentine hypersensitivity of an 8 percent arginine, calcium carbonate, 1.450 ppm sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice with topical application and twice-daily brushing, with a negative control toothpaste containing calcium carbonate and 1.450 ppm fluoride as MFP, after periodontal treatment (baseline) and four weeks respectively. Methods: A four-week clinical study with 20 subjects with diagnosis of slight to moderate chronic periodontitis under mechanical periodontal treatment and presence of gingival recessions in incisors, canines or premolars, stratified based on baseline tooth sensitivity. Subjects brushed with either a 1.450 ppm fluoride dentifrice or a marketed 8 percent arginine calcium carbonate dentifrice twice daily for approximately one minute. At screening, baseline and weeks four, subjects' tooth sensitivity was determined through both evaporative (Schiff and Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]). The same examiner throughout the study performed subject assessments using each stimulus. Results: Both subject groups exhibited significant reductions from baseline to four weeks in dentine hypersensitivity. However, patients who received 8 percent arginine calcium carbonate therapy, exhibited a greater reduction, with a 60 percent of individuals lacking of pain and with a final median of 0 in comparison with the 5 percent fluoride varnish and fluoride toothpaste group in which a 100 percent of subjects felt some degree of pain, presenting a final medium VAS scale of 2.

A preliminary study of enamel remineralization by dentifrices based on RecaldentTM (CPP-ACP) and NovaMin® (calcium-sodium-phosphosilicate)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the enamel remineralization potential of two toothpastes, one of which was based on RecaldentTM (CPP- ACP) and the other on NovaMin® (Calcium-sodium-phosphosilicate). Human permanent molar teeth were subjected to three consecutive demineralization cycles. These cycles were followed by remineralization of the experimental groups by toothpastes containing RecaldentTM and NovaMin® respectively. The samples were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope, (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX). Extensive demineralization was noted in the control group (without remineralization) while the groups treated with the dentifrices demonstrated various degrees of remineralization, as shown by formation of different types of deposits on the enamel surface. The EDX analysis showed increased amounts of Ca, P, Si and Zn in the enamel of the experimental groups, compared to the control one. Toothpastes containing RecaldentTM and especially NovaMin® have the potential to remineralize enamel, a property which might be important in finding a substitute to pit and fissure sealing.

El objetivo del trabajo fue investigar el potencial de remineralizacion del esmalte de dos pastas dentifricos, una de ella con formulacion basada en RecaldentTM (CPP- ACP) y la otra en NovaMin® (phosphosilicato de calcio y sodio). Se realizaron tres ciclos cosecutivos de desmineralizacion en molares permanentes humanos, seguidos de remineralizacion, en los grupos experimentales con los denti fricos que contenian RecaldentTM y NovaMin® respectivamente. Se analizaron las muestras con microscopia electronica de barrido (SEM) y analisis espectroscopico por dispersion de rayos X (EDX). En el grupo control (sin remineralizacion) se observo una extensa demineralizacion mientras que los grupos tratados con los dentifricos mostraron varios grados de remineralizacion, evidenciados por la formacion de diferentes tipos de depositos sobre la superficie del esmalte. El analisis EDX mostro cantidades aumentadas de Ca, P, Si y Zn en los grupos tratados en comparacion con el grupo control. Los dentifricos conteniendo RecaldentTM y especialmente Nova- Min®, tienen potencial de reminalizacion del esmalte, una propiedad que puede resultar importante como substituto del sellado de fosas y fisuras.