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Objective:To investigate the diagnosis of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)for osteoporosis(OP)of postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in Qinghai region and the risk factors of them.Methods:A total of 200 postmenopausal female RA patients who admitted to Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2022 to April 2023 were selected.All patients were tested for bone mineral density(BMD)after admission,and lumbar spines L1-L4,whole lumbar,large trochanter,Ward's triangle area,whole body and whole forearm were measured by DXA.According to the results of BMD test,patients whose BMD T values of all body parts-2.5 SD were less or equal to-2.5 were included in the OP group(121 cases),and patients whose BMD T value of all body parts were larger than-2.5 SD were included in the non-OP group(79 cases).The BMD T value of different body parts between two groups of RA patients were compared and analyzed.The area under curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of BMD T value for OP.The logistic regression method was adopted to analyze the risk factors that postmenopausal RA patients of Qinghai region occurred OP.Results:The BMD T values of L1,L2,L3,L4,whole lumbar,large trochanter,Ward's triangular area,whole body and whole forearm of OP group were obviously lower than those of the non-OP group.In analysis of ROC curve,the sensitivities of BMD T values of L1,L2,L3,L4,whole lumbar,large trochanter,Ward's triangle area,whole body and forearm were respectively 96.20%,95.22%,90.16%,96.03%,92.01%,89.36%,99.26%,90.02% and 96.03% in diagnosing OP,and the specificities of them were respectively 81.00%,82.19%,85.22%,83.06%,83.06%,90.22%,80.06%,86.23%,83.09%,and the AUC values of them were respectively 0.908,0.905,0.896,0.906,0.903,0.879,0.918,0.901 and 0.906.The results of the logistic-regression analysis showed that advanced age,long disease course,rheumatic activity scores of 28 joints,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Calcium supplementation were the risk factors of occurring OP in postmenopausal RA patients in Qinghai region.Conclusion:The DXA method that detects BMD of RA patients who occur OP can be used as gold standard to assess OP,and there are many risk factors that affect the occurrence of OP in postmenopausal RA patients of Qinghai region.The clinical work should combine with relative factors to formulate reasonable measure so as to reduce the incidence of OP.
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Objective @#To investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of soybean phospholipid powder on nerve cells in vitro and rats neural tissues.@*Methods @#In the cell experiments , the cytotoxicity of soybean phospholipid powder with different concentrations on mouse microglia cells ( BV2 ) and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells was ob served by cell counting kit⁃8( CCK⁃8) assay. The effect of soybean phospholipid powder on the NO level of BV2 cells was analyzed by NO determination experiment , and the synaptic growth of PC12 cells was observed under the microscope. In the animal experiment , the cognitive dysfunction of rat was simulated by scopol⁃ ocampal tissue morphology and nerve cell density of scopolamine model mice were ob served by hematoxylin ⁃eosin staining (HE) staining.@*Results @#Soybean phospholipid powder had no obvious cytotoxicity on BV2 cells and PC12 cells within the concentration of 1 000 μg/ml. Compared with the control group , the NO secretion of BV2 cells pretreated with soybean phospholipid powder significantly decreased (P < 0. 01) , and the neuronal synapse growth of PC12 cells significantly increased (P < 0. 01) . In comparison to the model group , soybean phospholipid powder significantly improved the learning and memory ability of scopolamine model rats (P < 0. 05) , reduced the neuronal damage in dentate gyrus (DG) , cornu ammonis3 (CA3) , cornu ammonis1 (CA1) areas of hippocampus , and increased the density of nerve cells (P < 0. 001) .@*Conclusion @#Soybean phospholipid powder can play a neuroprotective role by reducing neuroinflammation and promoting neuronal synapse growth at the cellular level , and improve the learning and memory ability of rats with cognitive impairment , reduce hippocampal tissue damage.
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Tropical diseases, notably neglected tropical diseases and infectious diseases of poverty, remain major health problems endangering the poorest and most-marginalized people in the world. The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), which is co-sponsored by the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Bank, is an important programme that helps facilitate, support, guide and coordinate global efforts to combat tropical diseases. On July 2023, TDR formally issued its 2024—2029 strategy, which proposed the direction and proprieties of global tropical disease prevention and control in the next six years. Based on its original focus on supporting researchers and research institutions from low and middle-income countries to conduct research on tropical diseases and building their research capabilities, this strategy proposed some new developments, which mainly included incorporating tropical disease prevention and control into the overall framework of addressing major global health challenges and achieving the health goals set by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to combat tropical diseases and contribute to achieving health goals of SDGs in a collaborative and integrated manner; supporting implementation research and encouraging practitioners and social innovators to participate in research to enable generation of solutions that may be used to solve local health problems; promoting and encouraging the One Health concept and interdisciplinary and cross-departmental collaboration; shifting gradually its focus from disease prevention and control to addressing the health needs of the poorest and most-marginalized populations. These new developments deserve the attention of personnel and institutions in China dedicated to the prevention and control of tropical diseases in order to help their future researches and activities.
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@#[摘 要] 目的:探讨鞘磷脂合成酶2(SMS2)是否通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调控卵巢癌(OC)TOV-21G细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、凋亡及其机制。方法:收集武汉市第三医院2022年7月至2023年5月间确诊的21例OC患者的癌及癌旁组织标本,免疫组化法检测OC组织SMS2表达水平。体外培养TOV-21G细胞,将细胞分为对照组、shRNA慢病毒阴性对照组(sh-NC组)、SMS2 shRNA慢病毒组(sh-SMS2组)、Wnt/β-catenin通路激活剂组LiCl(LiCl组)和sh-SMS2+LiCl组。Edu染色法、Transwell法、流式细胞术分别检测各组细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力及凋亡水平,WB法检测细胞中SMS2、Ki67、cyclin D1、BAX、c-caspase3、Bcl-2及Wnt/β-catenin通路蛋白(β-catenin、c-Myc、MMP-9)的表达。构建TOV-21G细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型,观察敲低SMS2对移植瘤生长和SMS2、β-catenin表达的影响。结果:与癌旁组织比较,OC组织中SMS2呈高表达(P<0.01)。转染sh-SMS2后,TOV-21G细胞中SMS2表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力及Bcl-2、β-catenin、c-Myc、MMP-9蛋白表达均显著降低(均P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、BAX、c-caspase3蛋白表达均显著升高(均P<0.05);LiCl处理能逆转敲低SMS2对TOV-21G细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭及Wnt/β-catenin通路的抑制作用(均P<0.05)。体内成瘤实验显示,敲低SMS2抑制裸鼠移植瘤的生长及SMS2、β-catenin蛋白的表达(均P<0.05)。结论:敲低SMS2表达通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制OC TOV-21G细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭并促进细胞凋亡,同时LiCl处理则能逆转敲低SMS2对TOV-21G细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用。
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of immediate intraoperative transapical beating-heart septal myectomy (TA-BSM) in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and explored the clinical value of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) during the procedure of TA-BSM.Methods:One hundred and thirty-seven HOCM patients who underwent TA-BSM surgery in Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from April 2022 to March 2023 were selected.During the operation, 3D-TEE was used to locate the position of the myocardial circumcision system and navigate the range of myocardial circumcision. The interventricular septal thickness( IVST) and peak pressure gradient of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT-PG) were measured, and the degree of mitral systolic anterior motion (SAM) and mitral regurgitation (MR) were evaluated in HOCM patients before and after the operation. The range of the incisal margin was measured, and the number of resection knives and the weight of the removed myocardium were recorded.Results:TA-BSM under 3D-TEE navigation was successfully performed in 137 HOCM patients. The number of resection was 7(5, 9), and the weight of the removed myocardium was 5.6(3.4, 8.9)g. During the operation, there were no adverse events such as death, aortic valve injury, and iatrogenic interventricular septal perforation. Compared with those before the operation, the wall thickness of basal and middle segments of the anterior and posterior interventricular septum decreased significantly (all P<0.001), and LVOT-PG decreased significantly ( P<0.001). After TA-BSM, the number of patients with SAM≥3 decreased from 94 cases (68.6%) to 2 cases (1.5%), and the number of patients with MR≥3+ decreased from 86 cases (62.8%) to 9 cases (6.6%)(all P<0.001). For the patients with different degrees of ventricular septal hypertrophy (mild, moderate, and severe), the postoperative IVST and LVOT-PG were significantly lower than the preoperative values, and the degree of MR and SAM signs was relieved considerably. The length of the incisal margin, the weight of excised myocardium, and the number of resection in the group with extensive septal hypertrophy in all three regions were significantly higher than those in the group with localized interventricular septal hypertrophy in single or two areas (all P<0.05). Conclusions:3D-TEE can guide and monitor the process of TA-BSM myocardial resection in real-time. By accurately evaluating the IVST and the range and hemodynamic characteristics of HOCM patients, it can effectively relieve LVOTO and significantly reduce MR to ensure the safety and effectiveness of TA-BSM in HOCM patients with different degrees and ranges of hypertrophy.
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Objective: To observe the effect of platelets on hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) implantation in mice with radiation-induced bone marrow injury and bone marrow transplantation models. Methods: ①Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into a single irradiation group and a radiation infusion group after receiving (60)Co semimyeloablative irradiation for 18-10 weeks. The irradiation infusion group received 1×10(8) platelets expressing GFP fluorescent protein. ② The allogeneic bone marrow transplantation model was established. The experimental groups included the simple transplantation group (BMT) and the transplantation infusion group (BMT+PLT). The BMT group was infused through the tail vein only 5 × 10(6) bone marrow cells, the BMT+PLT group needs to be infused with bone marrow cells at the same time 1× 10(8) platelets. ③ Test indicators included peripheral blood cell and bone marrow cell counts, flow cytometry to detect the proportion of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cells, bone marrow cell proliferation and apoptosis, and pathological observation of vascular niche damage and repair. Results: ①On the 3rd, 7th, 14(th), and 21st days after irradiation, the bone marrow cell count of the infusion group was higher than that in the single irradiation group (P<0.05), and the peripheral blood cell count was also higher. A statistically significant difference was found between the white blood cell count on the 21st day and the platelet count on the 7th day (P<0.05). In the observation cycle, the percentage of bone marrow cell proliferation in the infusion group was higher, while the percentage of apoptosis was lower. ② The results of bone tissue immunofluorescence after irradiation showed that the continuity of hematopoietic niche with red fluorescence was better in the irradiation infusion group. ③The chimerism percentage in the BMT+PLT group was always higher than that in the BMT group after transplantation.④ The BMT+PLT group had higher bone marrow cell count and percentage of bone marrow cell proliferation on the 7th and 28th day after transplantation than that in the BMT group, and the percentage of bone marrow cell apoptosis on the 14th day was lower than that in the BMT group (P<0.05). After the 14th day, the percentage of stem progenitor cells in the bone marrow cells of mice was higher than that in the BMT group (P<0.05). ⑤The immunohistochemical results of bone marrow tissue showed that the continuity of vascular endothelium in the BMT+PLT group was better than that in the BMT group. Conclusion: Platelet transfusion can alleviate the injury of vascular niche, promotes HSC homing, and is beneficial to hematopoietic reconstruction.
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Mice , Animals , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Bone Marrow , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Hematopoietic Stem Cells , Bone Marrow Diseases , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) modulating the gut microbiome and trimethylamine oxide (TAMO) to exert cardioprotective effects.@*METHODS@#Ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed in rats to induce heart failure (HF). Except for the sham-operation group (n=10), 36 operation-induced models were randomized into 3 groups using a random number table (n=12 in each group): the model group, the BYHWD group (15.02 g/kg BYHWD), and the positive group (4.99 g/kg metoprolol succinate). After 4-week treatment (once daily by gavage), echocardiography was applied to evaluate the cardiac function and the Tei index (the ratio of ventricular isovolumic contraction time (IVCT) and isovolumic diastolic time (IVRT) to ejection time (ET)) was calculated; hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was observed to characterize the pathology of the myocardium and small intestinal villi. D-lactic acid was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens (ZO-1) were detected by Western blot. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) sequencing was used to explore the changes in the intestinal flora. TMAO was detected via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).@*RESULTS@#In the echocardiography, the Tei index was considerably lower in the positive and BYHWD groups compared with the model group (P<0.05). Besides, BYHWD improved the pathology of myocardium and small intestine of HF rats and lowered the D-lactic acid content in the serum, when compared with the model group (P<0.05). BYHWD also improved the expression of occludin and claudin-1 (P<0.05); in the gut microbiota analysis, BYHWD slowed down modifications in the structure distribution of gut microbiota and regulated the diversity of intestinal flora in HF rats. The content of TMAO in the serum was significantly lowered by BYWHT compared with the model group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#BYHWD may delay progression of HF by enhancing the intestinal barrier structure, and regulating intestinal flora and TAMO.
Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Chromatography, Liquid , Claudin-1 , Occludin , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Heart FailureABSTRACT
Objective To study the partial mechanism of astragalosides(ASTs)against biliary fibrosis through inhibiting ductular reaction.Methods Rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,bile duct ligation(BDL)group and ASTs group(n=8 in each group).On the first day of the second week after BDL,the rats in ASTs group were given intragastric administration of ASTs for 3 weeks(160 mg·kg-1·d-1,once a day).Rats in sham operation group and BDL group were given the same volume of water.At the end of the fourth week,all rats were euthanasia.HE staining and sirius red staining were used to observe the pathological changes and collagen deposition.The degree of liver fibrosis was evaluated by semi-quantitative analysis of positive area of sirius red staining and the content of hydroxyproline.The expression changes of α smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),Desmin,cytokeratin(CK)19,CK7,epithelial cell adhesion molecule(Epcam),OV6 and lysyl oxidase(LOX)family proteins in liver tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot,and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).In vitro,hepatic progenitor cell line WB-F344 cells were induced by sodium butyrate to differentiate into biliary epithelial cells,intervented of ASTs,and collected after 4 days.The expression changes of CK19,LOXL1 and LOXL2 of cells were detected by qRT-PCR.Results Compared with BDL group,serum ALT and AST activities in ASTs group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Histopathological injury of liver tissue was significantly reduced,Hyp content and percentage of positive area of sirius red were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive expressions of α-SMA,Desmin,CK19,CK7,Epcam and OV6 were significantly decreased in the ASTs group.The mRNA expressions of α-SMA,CK7,LOX and LOXL1 were significantly decreased.The protein expressions of Epcam and LOXL1 were significantly reduced.In vitro results showed that the gene expressions of CK19,LOXL1 and LOXL2 were significantly increased after sodium butyrate induction(P<0.01).Compared with sodium butyrate group,the gene expressions of CK19,LOXL1 and LOXL2 were significantly decreased in ASTs group(P<0.01).Conclusion ASTs improved biliary fibrosis by inhibiting ductular reaction,and the mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of LOXL1.
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Two new neolignans and one new lignan (1-3) were obtained from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 1 was a racemic mixture and successfully resolved into the anticipated enantiomers via chiral-phase HPLC. Compound 3 demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity against human carboxylesterase 2A1 (hCES2A1) with an IC50 value of 7.28 ± 0.94 μmol·-1.
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Humans , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Lignans/chemistry , Paeonia , Plant Roots/chemistry , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the relationship and potential mechanism between peer victimization and early onset of breast development in girls, and to provide new strategies for precocious puberty prevention.@*Methods@#A total of 950 girls aged (9.0±1.2) years participated in this survey in Ma anshan City in China. Revised Bully/Victim Questionnaire (BVQ) was used. Each girl was assessed on breast Tanner stage by one female pediatric endocrinologist. All the girls collected morning awakening saliva sample with Salivette at home. Body fat percentage (%BF) was derived from Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA) measurements.The association between peer bullying and early breast development was analyzed by stepwise Logistic regression.The mediation coefficient was estimated using the Logistic regression.@*Results@#Totally 23.2% (220/950) of all the girls reported being victimized at school. More girls reported peer victimization had early breast onset (24.1%,53) compared with girls with no victimization experience ( 13.7 %,100). Logistic regression analyses indicated that peer victimization was associated with early onset of breast development ( OR=1.74, 95%CI =1.16-2.59) after body fat and awakening cortisol adjusted. Mediation analysis showed that high cortisol and high fat both had indirect effects in the association between peer victimization and early onset of breast development.Mediating analysis showed that both high cortisol level and high body fat rate had indirect effects between peer bullying and early breast development, and the mediating effect values were 0.37 and 0.45,respectively.@*Conclusion@#Peer victimization significantly correlated with early onset of breast development among girls, which might be mediated through HPA axis hyperactivity and high adiposity.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of exogenous Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma viride on the diversity of soil fungal community and carbon metabolic function of cultivated Panax ginseng. MethodIllumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing combined with Biolog-ECO was used to analyze the species diversity and functional diversity of soil fungal communities in P. ginseng soil under different exogenous treatments. ResultThe results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the number and species of microorganisms in the soil were significantly changed after exogenous microorganisms were added. The soil fungi with relative abundance greater than 1% included Mortierella sp.,Fusarium sp.,Humicola sp.,and Simplicillium sp. Mortierella sp. in each treatment group significantly increased. Humicola sp. and Simplicillium sp. could be induced to increase by exogenous addition of F. oxysporum,while T. viride at a high concentration could significantly inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. As revealed by Biolog and principal component analysis (PCA),the average well color development (AWCD) in the high-dose T. viride group (MG) was significantly higher than that in the control group (QS)and the low-dose F. oxysporum group(LD). The utilization abilities for amino acids,carboxylic acids,polymers, and amines were enhanced in the MG group,but the microbial metabolic activity was reduced in the high-dose F. oxysporum group (LG). There was no significant increase in the utilization of phenolic acids by soil microorganisms in both groups. ConclusionExogenous addition of F. oxysporum can lead to the growth and reproduction of other pathogenic fungi. Exogenous addition of T. viride can enhance the soil fungal community structure and metabolic diversity,inhibit the proliferation of F. oxysporum,and improve the soil microbial environment of cultivated P. ginseng.
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AIM:To explore the changes and influencing factors of macular retinal blood flow density in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)after vitrectomy, and establish a predictive model.METHODS: The clinical data of 173 patients with 173 eyes in PDR who underwent vitrectomy in our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the changes of macular retinal blood flow density after operation, the patients were divided into normal group(118 cases with 118 eyes)and descending group(55 cases with 55 eyes). The general data, preoperative laboratory examination index and intraoperative condition of the two groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the changes of retinal blood flow density in macular area after operation. Construct the line chart prediction model and evaluate its prediction efficiency.RESULTS: The course of diabetes, proportion of patients with complicated maculopathy, serum TC, TG, LDL-C, HbA1c, vascular occlusion and hyperplastic retinal traction in the decreasing group were significantly higher than those in the normal group, while HDL-C was significantly lower than that in the normal group(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that course of diabetes > 17a(OR=4.526), complicated maculopathy(OR=4.983), HbA1c > 6.25%(OR=4.283), vascular occlusion(OR=5.216)and hyperplastic retinal traction(OR=4.765)were all risk factors of the decrease of macular retinal blood flow density after operation(P<0.05). The line chart prediction model has good differentiation and accuracy, and has high prediction value. CONCLUSION: Course of diabetes, complicated maculopathy, HbA1c, vascular occlusion and proliferative retinal traction are all related to the decrease of macular retinal blood flow density after vitrectomy with PDR. Understanding the risk factors is beneficial to surgical decision-making.
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【Objective】 To investigate the basic situation of blood donation given by university students in Tianjin and provide data to support the sustainable development of college blood donation. 【Methods】 The group blood donation in Tianjin universities from 2012 to 2021 was enrolled as the study group and other whole blood donors in the same period as the control. The statistical analysis of the two groups was conducted. 【Results】 From 2012 to 2021, the number of college blood donations in Tianjin increased from 8.93% to 21.32%, with the average annual growth rate of 12.80%, and the units of blood donated increased from 5.44% to 18.82%, with the average annual growth rate of 17.06%. The repeat donation rate in the study group was significantly lower than that of the control(20.74% vs 25.47%, P<0.05). In 2012, the specification of blood donated by college students were mainly 200 mL(87.38%), then in 2021, gradually transitioned to 400 mL(38.77%), followed by 200 mL(35.19%) and 300 mL(26.03%). The rates of 200/300 mL donation and insufficient blood donation in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control, to the contrary, the rate of 400 mL donation was lower in comparison to the control, with statistically significant differences. The deferral rates of initial screening and ALT among college donors differed significantly over the decade: HBsAg showed a significant downward trend, while Hb increased significantly(P<0.05); the deferral items in the study group was significantly lower than the control(P<0.05), except Hb. During the retest period, the deferral rates of ALT and HBV were decreasing, which was the lowest in 2018 then bounced back slightly; the deferral rate of HIV showed a increasing tendency(P<0.05). The deferral rates of all retest items in the study group were lower than those in the control(P<0.05). In the study group, no significant differences were noticed in the deferral rates of retest items by genders, except for ALT and HCV, as males were higher than females. 【Conclusion】 College student groups are an important force in blood donation. A long-term mechanism should be established to safeguard this special group and to provide targeted health education and personalised services to promote the sustainable and healthy development of blood donation in universities.
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Objective:To investigate the renoprotective effects that Sanjiao Qushi prescription ameliorates cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA) induced membranous nephropathy(MN) in mice model and its influence on nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) signaling pathway. Method:Sixty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal group(<italic>n</italic>=10) and the model group(<italic>n</italic>=50). The mice in the model group received C-BSA injection via tail vein (6.5 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>). The mice that were successfully modeled were randomized into the model group, the low dose Sanjiao Qushi prescription group(3.71 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>), the high dose Sanjiao Qushi prescription group(7.42 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) and benazepril hydrochloride group(1.3 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>). And they were administered with the corresponding medicine by gavage once a day for four consecutive weeks. 24 hour-urine protein quantitation were performed before C-BSA injection and after C-BSA injection as well as the medicine gavage. When the treatment was finished, all of the mice were sacrificed and the biochemical indicators such as serum creatinine(SCr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), total protein(TP) and albumin(Alb) were measured. And the renal pathological morphology changes were observed by light microscope with hematoxylineosin(HE), Masson and periodic acid-silver metheramine(PASM) staining. The deposition of immunoglobulin G(IgG) in the glomerulus was detected by fluorescence microscope. The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of kidney was detected by fluorescence immunoassay. The protein expression levels of Nrf2 in cell nucleus and cytoplasm and the downstream protein factors HO-1 and NADH quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) were detected by Western blot. Result:Compare to normal group, the levels of 24 hour-urine protein quantitation, TG and TC significantly increased in model group(<italic>P</italic><0.01), while TP and Alb levels significantly decreased(<italic>P</italic><0.01). The model group exhibited enlarged volume of glomerular, significantly thickened glomerular basement membrane(GBM), fuchsinophilic protein deposition and spike formation through light microscope. Immunofluorescence staining for the model group exhibited granular deposition of IgG along the capillary wall. The expression of ROS in kidney significantly increased(<italic>P</italic><0.01). The protein expression levels of Nrf2 in cell nucleus significantly increased(<italic>P</italic><0.01), while Nrf2 in cytoplasm significantly decreased(<italic>P</italic><0.01).The protein expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 significantly increased(<italic>P</italic><0.01). Compared to model group, the levels of 24 hour-urine protein quantitation, TG and TC significantly decreased in each treated group(<italic>P</italic><0.01), TP and Alb levels significantly increased(<italic>P</italic><0.05,<italic>P</italic><0.01). The pathological damages alleviated obviously. The expression of ROS in kidney significantly decreased(<italic>P</italic><0.01). The protein expression levels of Nrf2 in cell nucleus significantly decreased(<italic>P</italic><0.01), while Nrf2 in cytoplasm significantly increased(<italic>P</italic><0.05,<italic>P</italic><0.01). The protein expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 significantly increased(<italic>P</italic><0.01). Conclusion:Sanjiao Qushi prescription worked on MN mice possibly by regulating related proteins in the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and relieving oxidative stress, thus decreasing 24 hour-urine protein and blood lipid, increasing serum protein, and alleviating the pathological damages to protect renal function and delay progress of the disease.
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In recent years, with the rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine industry in China, the efficacy of Chinese medicinals in treating disease and maintaining health has been increasingly recognized. Tripterygium wilfordii, a Chinese medicinal for expelling wind, dredging collaterals, removing dampness, and relieving pain, is commonly used for treating acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other diseases. However, the frequent occurrence of adverse reactions has limited its wide application in clinical practice. The existing studies have gradually confirmed that T. wilfordii and its active ingredients exert the bidirectional effects on kidney function. This paper reviewed the related clinical applications and articles published in the past decades and summarized the material basis for its bidirectional effects and the specific action mechanisms in renal protection and renal damage. It was found that the main active ingredients in T. wilfordii were tripterygium glycosides and triptolide, which exerted the protective or toxic and side effects on kidney by regulating immunity, influencing mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, and changing the expression and function of renal transporters. Besides, the roles of administration time, dosage, and body status in the exertion of protective or toxic and side effects by T. wilfordii were also discussed. The review aimed to provide new ideas for the research on the treatment of kidney diseases with T. wilfordii and its safety application.
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Objective@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of depression and anxiety and assciated factors of back to school college students during the outbreak of COVID-19, so as to provide theoretical basis for emotional counseling and psychological crisis intervention after long term school closure due to epidemic outbreak.@*Methods@#Cluster sampling was used to select the first batch of 2 697 back to school students in a high vocational college. The survey content includes basic information questionnaire, Depression Self rating Scale (SDS) and Anxiety Self rating Scale(SAS).@*Results@#The detection rate of depression and anxiety was 31.8% and 10.4% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of depression in female college students was 1.28 times higher than that in male students. The risk of depression among college students with family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 was 1.30 times that of those without family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Outgoing personality(OR=0.62), neutral (OR=0.55) and mild temper(OR=0.46), moderate frequency of physical exercise per week(1-2 times:OR=0.73, 3-4 times:OR=0.65) were protective effects for depression in college students.Low frequency of breakfast were the risk effects for depression in college. The risk of anxiety among college students who was the only child in the family was 1.61 times higher than that who was not the only child in the family. The risk of anxiety among college students with family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19 was 1.45 times higher than that college students without family loss experience caused by the outbreak of COVID-19. Neutral temper, mild temper and physical exercise 1-2 times a week were associated with lower level of anxiety in college students(OR=0.67,0.56,0.67). Breakfast skipping (OR=2.03) was associated with higher levvel of anxiety in college students.@*Conclusion@#During the outbreak of COVID-19, the first batch of back to school college students presented high level of depression. Colleges are suggested to promptly carry out effective emotional relief and psychological intervention for students, especially those whose family suffered in COVID-19, the only child in the family, with poor breakfast eating habits, as well as breakfast skipping and lack of physical exercise.
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The rapid growth of modern animal husbandry in China has supplied meat, eggs, and milk for Chinese residents, meanwhile the rapid transformation to intensive husbandry operations has also produced a large quantity of livestock and poultry manure. However, due to the failure of integration of animal husbandry and crop plantation, most of the livestock and poultry manure has not been treated and utilized, which may cause serious environmental pollution and public health risks. Antibiotics, heavy metals, pathogens, and other pollutants contained in livestock and poultry manure can enter farming soil, surface water, and groundwater during the transportation, storage, processing, and utilization of livestock and poultry manure, contaminate food, and pose direct and indirect risks to human health. Based on published statistics and papers, this article systematically analyzed the main pollutants discharged from livestock and poultry manure, their impacts on the environment, as well as the potential health risks by exposure to these pollutants. Recommendations on how to scientifically utilize animal manure were proposed, aiming to better protect human health.
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Guided by cell-based anti-anaphylactic assay, eighteen cage-like monoterpenoid glycosides (1-18) were obtained from the bioactive fraction of P. lactiflora extract. Among these, compounds 1, 5, 6, 11, 12, 15, and 17 significantly reduced the release rate of β-HEX and HIS without or with less cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the most potent inhibitor benzoylpaeoniflorin (5) was selected as the prioritized compound for the study of action of mechanism, and its anti-anaphylactic activity was medicated by dual-inhibiting HDC and MAPK signal pathway. Moreover, molecular docking simulation explained that benzoylpaeoniflorin (5) blocked the conversion of L-histidine to HIS by occupying the HDC active site. Finally, in vivo on PCA using BALB/c mice, benzoylpaeoniflorin (5) suppressed the IgE-mediated PCA reaction in antigen-challenged mice. These findings indicated that cage-like monoterpenoid glycosides, especially benzoylpaeoniflorin (5), mainly contribute to the anti-anaphylactic activity of P. lactiflora by dual-inhibiting HDC and MAPK signal pathway. Therefore, benzoylpaeoniflorin (5) may be considered as a novel drug candidate for the treatment of anaphylactic diseases.
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Animals , Mice , Glucosides , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Molecular Docking Simulation , Monoterpenes , Paeonia , Plant RootsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To optimize the processing technology of Paeonia lactiflora stir-baked with wine ,and to investigate its in vitro anticoagulant effect. METHODS :The weight coefficient of each index was determined and the comprehensive score was calculated with analytic hierarchy process (AHP),Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation (CRITIC)and AHP-CRITIC weighting method ,using the contents of oxypaeoniflorin ,albiflorin,paeoniflorin,benzoic acid and water-soluble extract as index. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to optimize the parameters of P. lactiflora stir-baked with wine ,such as moistening time ,frying time and frying temperature. Then in vitro anticoagulant experiment was used to investigate the pharmacodynamics of P. lactiflora stir-baked with wine prepared according to the optimal processing technology. RESULTS :The weight coefficients of albiflorin ,oxypaeoniflorin,paeoniflorin,benzoic acid and water-soluble extract determined by AHP-CRITIC weighting method were 0.233 9,0.131 7,0.183 3,0.078 9,0.372 3,respectively;the optimal processing technology of P. lactiflora stir-baked with wine included moistening time of 35 min,frying time of 20 min and frying temperature of 120 ℃. The results of in vitro anticoagulant test showed that P. lactiflora and P. lactiflora stir-baked with wine could significantly prolong the time of thrombin time ,prothrombin time ,activated partial thrombin time of plasma ;the effects of P. lactiflora stir-baked with wine were significantly better than those of P. lactiflora (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS :The optimized processing technology of P. lactiflora stir-baked with wine is stable and feasible. The in vitro anticoagulant effect of P. lactiflora stir-baked with wine prepared by this tehcnology is better than that of raw products.
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Median arcuate ligament syndrome(MALS)is compression of the celiac trunk by the median arcuate ligament.Median arcuate ligament release is the corner stone for the surgical treatment of MALS.Open surgery,laparoscopic surgery,and robot-assisted surgery have been developed,among which laparoscopic surgery has been proposed as the preferred approach in view of its minimal trauma and short hospital stay.Auxiliary celiac plexus neurolysis could further alleviate the patient's discomfort.Moreover,vascular reconstitution is of vital importance in the case of persistent stenosis in the celiac artery despite of median arcuate ligament decompression.Vascular reconstruction has satisfactory long-term patency rate,while endovascular treatment is less invasive.This article aims to summarize the consensuses and advances and shed light on the surgical treatment of MALS.