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"MS/MS spectrum to structure"plays a critical role in the confirmative identification of complicated matrices and is currently regarded as an extremely challenging endeavor.MS/MS information provides vital clues to structural identification.In this study,a strategy was proposed to facilitate unambiguous identification through matching MS3 with MS2 spectra.Initially,MS3 spectra of the featured ions(c-and y-type ions)generated by the decomposition of ester functional group in esters and the MS2 spectrum of the structural unit([M-H]-)were all captured on the Qtrap-MS platform equipped with two tandem-in-space collision cells,including the second quadrupole cell(q2)and linear ion trap(LIT)chambers(actually the third quadrupole unit).Subsequently,the MS/MS spectrum matching between MS3 spectra of the ester compound and MS2 spectra of the structural unit(s)were achieved.As a result,the findings corresponding to MS3 and MS2 spectra matching were summarized.Finally,based on HR-MS/MS information of total salvianolic acid derivatives(TSA),36 kinds of compounds were preliminarily identified through matching with literature information and database retrieval.The applicability of MS3 and MS2 spectra matching strategy was further justified by the confirmative identification of phenolic acid compounds(Rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B)in TSA.Above all,MS3 and MS2 spectra matching strategy was quite meaningful towards advancing"MS/MS spectrum to structure"analysis through recognizing and identifying featured fragment ions,and also provided inspiration and new insights for the structural characterization.
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Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of autophagy related proteins Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)in placenta tissues of pregnant women with fetal growth restric-tion(FGR).Methods A total of 40 pregnant women undergoing delivery due to FGR and 40 pregnant women un-dergoing normal delivery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled as FGR group and healthy group between August 2022 and August 2023.The general clinical data in the two groups were collected.The levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 mRNA in placenta tissues were detected by PCR,and expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry.The differences in positive of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins among patients with different clinical data were analyzed.Results The placental thickness,placental mass and neonatal weight in FGR group were lower than those in healthy group(P＜0.05).The mRNA levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 in FGR group were higher than those in healthy group(P＜0.05)and positive expression rates of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins were significantly higher than those in healthy group(P＜0.05).There was significant difference in positive expression profile of Beclin-1 and LC3 proteins among patients with different placental thickness,placental mass and neonatal weight(P＜0.05).Conclusions The positive expressions of autophagy genes(Beclin-1 and LC3)are related to FGR,and their specific expression levels are closely related to fetal growth and development.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of universal and individualized dual-track nursing on the recovery process,bladder function,self-care ability and complications of patients with endometrial cancer(EC)after laparoscopic surgery.Methods:A total of 164 EC patients admitted to our hospital from Aug 2019 to Jan 2022 were collected and randomly divided into conventional nursing group and dual-track nursing group,82 patients in each group.All patients in 2 groups received laparoscopic surgery,the conventional nursing group received routine nursing intervention,and the dual-track nursing group received universal and individual dual-track nursing intervention on the basis of conventional nursing.The recovery process(time of first ambulation,first exhaust and hospitalization),self-care ability,postoperative bladder function,incidence of complications,quality of life,and recurrence rate of 1-year follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results:The first ambulation time,first exhaust time and hospitalization time in dual-track nursing group were shorter than those in conventional nursing group(P＜0.05).At 3 days after operation,the recovery rate of bladder function in the dual-track nursing group was significantly higher in dual-track nursing group than that in conventional nursing group(P＜0.05).After 3 months of nursing,the scores of health knowledge,self-care responsibility,nursing skills and self-concept in dual-track nursing group were higher than those in conventional nursing group,while the scores of PWB,SWB,EWB and FWB were lower than those in conventional nursing group(P＜0.05).During the nursing period,the incidence of complications in the dual-track nursing group was lower than that in the conventional nursing group(P＜0.05).After 1 year of follow-up,the recurrence rate of dual-track nursing group was slightly lower than that of conventional nursing group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The application of universal and individualized dual-track nursing in EC patients after laparoscopic surgery can improve patients'self-care ability and quality of life,enhance bladder function,reduce complications and recurrence,and promote patients'rapid recovery after surgery.
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Medical device imaging data augmentation is a method of expanding existing datasets by generating new data samples,which is of great significance for improving the performance of artificial intelligence(AI)medical device-related models and clinical application effects.However,traditional data augmentation methods are usually limited by the quality,realism,and diversity of generated samples.Denoising diffusion probabilistic model(DDPM)is a generative model based on the noise diffusion process,and its main idea is to generate samples with high quality by modelling the sampling process of the target distribution as a process of progressive denoising from the noise distribution.The basic principles and working mechanisms of DDPM were reviewed,the application scenarios of this method in AI medical device data augmentation were analyzed,and its advantages,challenges,and future development directions were explored to provide a reference for the field of AI medical device data augmentation.
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Objective:To summarize the incidence of cerebral venous reflux (CVR) in patients with recent small subcortical infarct (RSSI) and explore its correlation with enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS).Methods:Patients with RSSI in the lenticulostriate artery admitted to the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to December 2022 were included. The baseline demographic data, medical history, and laboratory results of the patients were collected. CVR was assessed by time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the presence (CVR group) or absence of CVR (non-CVR group), and baseline characteristics as well as laboratory test results were compared between the 2 groups. The location and number of EPVS were evaluated using a visual grading scale, with EPVS with higher scores defined as high-grade EPVS (HEPVS). Simultaneous evaluation of cerebral white matter hyperintensities and lacunar infarctions was conducted, followed by intergroup comparisons. The relationship between EPVS and CVR was studied using multiple Logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 571 patients with RSSI in the lentiform artery area were ultimately included, including 180 females (31.5%). Their age was (59.37±12.87) years. Among them, 73 patients (12.8%) exhibited CVR based on imaging findings, so the incidence of CVR was 12.8%. In comparison between the CVR group ( n=73) and the non-CVR group ( n=498), the proportion of females [21.9% (16/73) vs 32.9% (164/498), χ 2=3.578, P=0.059] was lower and the proportion of history of smoking [38.4% (28/73) vs 27.7% (138/498), χ 2=3.499, P=0.061] was higher in the CVR group, but without statistical significance. Additionally, the history of alcohol consumption [34.2% (25/73) vs 21.7% (108/498), χ 2=5.621, P=0.018] and the proportion of patients with concomitant HEPVS in the basal ganglia area [41.1% (30/73) vs 25.3% (126/498), χ 2=7.999, P=0.005] was higher in the CVR group with statistical significance. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that HEPVS in the basal ganglia region remained independently associated with CVR ( OR=1.988, 95% CI 1.190-3.320, P=0.009). Conclusion:EPVS in the basal ganglia region is significantly associated with CVR in the RSSI population, suggesting that venous dysfunction may be closely related to the formation of EPVS.
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Objective:Molecular mechanisms underlying compound heterozygous mutations in a patient with inherited antithrombin (AT) deficiency.Methods:The proband was admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in November 2018 with a one-day history of sudden syncope and limb twitching. Peripheral venous blood was collected from the proband and members of his lineages, totaling nine persons across three generations, and a family lineage survey was conducted. AT activity (AT:A) was measured using a chromogenic substrate assay, while AT antigen (AT:Ag) was detected through an immunoturbidimetric assay. Mutation sites were identified by means of Sanger sequencing of the SERPINC1 gene, and silico tools were applied to predict the mutational conservation and hydrophobicity changes. Recombinant plasmid expression vectors were constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells for in vitro overexpression studies. The recombinant AT protein was characterized using Western Blotting, ELISA, and cellular immunofluorescence assays.Results:The proband was a 21-year-old man with type Ⅰ AT deficiency. His AT:A was 33%, along with a corresponding reduction in AT:Ag. The genetic analysis revealed there was a heterozygous insertion mutation at c.318_319insT (p.Asn107*) and a heterozygous missense mutation at c.922G>T (p.Gly308Cys) in exons 2 and 5, respectively. These mutation sites were entirely conserved among the homologous species. Additionally, hydrophobicity studies showed that the p.Gly308Cys mutation will decrease the hydrophilicity of amino acid residues 307-313. The in vitro expression studies indicated a reduction of approximately 46.98%±2.94% and 41.35%±1.48% in the amount of recombinant protein AT-G308C in transfected cell lysates and culture supernatants, respectively. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor (MG132) restored the cytoplasmic levels of AT-G308C protein to a level similar to that of wild-type protein. However, neither cell lysate nor culture supernatant demonstrated the presence of the recombinant protein AT-N107*. Conclusions:The heterozygous insertion mutation of p.Asn107* and the heterozygous missense mutation of p.Gly308Cys have been associated with reduced AT levels in proband. The p.Asn107* heterozygous insertion mutation may initiate the degradation of mRNA via nonsense mutation-mediated mechanisms, which would remove the defective transcripts, as well as the p.The Gly308Cys heterozygous missense mutation may cause the AT protein to undergo proteasome-dependent degradation by modifying the hydrophobicity of nearby residues in the cytoplasm.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the value of grey-scale reversed T1-weighted （rT1） MRI in the detection of structural lesions of the sacroiliac joint （SIJ） in patients with axial spondyloarthritis （ax-SpA）. MethodsFifty-two ax-SpA patients who underwent both MRI and CT in our hospital within a week from February 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively included. Both sacral and iliac side of each SIJ on oblique coronal images were divided into anterior， middle and posterior portion. Two radiologists reviewed independently three groups of MRI including T1-weighted imaging （T1WI）， rT1 and T1WI + rT1 images to evaluate the structural lesions like erosions， sclerosis and joint space changes in each of the 6 regions of the SIJ. One of the radiologist did the evaluation again one month later. CT images were scored for lesions by a third radiologist and served as the reference standard. Intra-class correlation coefficients （ICC） were calculated to test the inter- and intra-reader agreement for the assessment of SIJ lesions. A Friedman test was performed to compare the lesion results of MRI and CT image findings. We examined the diagnostic performance ［accuracy， sensitivity （SE） and specificity］ of different groups of MRI in the detection of lesions by using diagnostic test. A McNemar test was used to compare the differences of three groups of MRI findings. ResultsCT showed erosions in 71 joints， sclerosis in 65 and joint space changes in 53. Good inter-and intra-reader agreements were found in three groups of MRI images for the assessment of lesions， with the best agreement in T1WI + rT1. There were no difference between T1WI + rT1 and CT for the assessment of all lesions， nor between rT1 and CT for the assessment of erosions and joint space changes （P>0.05）. T1WI + rT1 yielded better accuracy and SE than T1WI in detection of all lesions （Accuracy erosions： 90.3% vs 76. 9%； SE erosions： 91.6% vs 76.1%； Accuracy sclerosis： 89.4% vs 80.8%； SE sclerosis： 84.6% vs 73.9%； Accuracy joint space changes： 86.5% vs 73.1%； SE joint space changes： 84.9% vs 60.4%； P<0.05）. rT1 yielded better accuracy and SE than T1WI in detection of erosions and joint space changes （Accuracy erosions： 87.5% vs 76.9%； SE erosions： 88.7% vs 76.1%； Accuracy joint space changes： 85.6% vs 73.1%； SE joint space changes： 83.0% vs 60.4%； P<0.05）. ConclusionsIn the detection of SIJ structural lesions in ax-SpA， rT1 improves the diagnostic performance and T1WI + rT1 is more superior to others.
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Objective@#To explore the combined effect of health literacy and nonsuicidal selfinjury on suiciderelated behaviors in junior middle school students, so as to provide reference for suicide prevention.@*Methods@#During May to June 2023, a selffilling questionnaire survey was conducted among 7 367 junior middle school students selected by the methods of multistage stratified cluster sampling combined with conventient sampling in Chongqing. And a binary Logistic regression model was established to analyze the association of health literacy and NSSI with suiciderelated behaviors.@*Results@#The detection rates of suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempt among junior middle school students were 27.99%, 9.84%, and 4.64%, and the detection rate of NSSI was 38.03%, the rates of possessing total health literacy, functional health literacy, interactive health literacy, and critical health literacy were 62.68%, 66.51%, 54.24%, and 72.65%, respectively. Binary Logistic regression analyses showed that the absence of total health literacy and the three dimensions of health literacy and NSSI were positively correlated with suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempt in junior middle school students (OR=1.42-10.30), and there were combined effects (OR=7.43-18.71) (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Lack of health literacy or the presence of NSSI and their coexistence increase the risk of suiciderelated behaviors, and health literacy level should be improved in junior middle school students to reduce NSSI and thereby prevent suiciderelated behaviors.
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Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), and identify the influencing factors for postoperative seizure controls.Methods:Fifty-seven patients with epilepsy caused by FCD admitted to Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2019 to November 2023 were chosen; standard preoperative evaluation, surgery, postoperative management and follow-up were performed. A retrospective study of clinical data, imaging and video electroencephalogram (VEEG) data, surgical approaches, pathological findings, and follow-up data was performed; influencing factors for postoperative seizure controls were analyzed.Results:In these 57 patients with epilepsy caused by FCD, 29 were males (50.88%) and 28 were females (49.12%). Onset age was 30.00 (8.00, 74.50) months, and surgery age was 95.00 (50.00, 138.50) months. Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (42/57; 73.68%) and epileptic spasms (13/57; 22.81%) were common seizure types. Cranial MRI was positive in 34 patients (59.65%), mainly manifested as abnormal cortical gyri/sulci morphology (17/57; 29.82%). In 43 patients accepted PET-CT, hypometabolic sites were detected in 40 (93.02%), and complete agreement between PET/MRI fusion results and actual lesion sites was noted in 40 (93.02%). FCD type I was noted in 16 patients (28.07%), type II in 39 (68.42%), and type III in 2 (3.51%). By December 2023, 44 (77.19%) had Engel grading I, 4 (7.02%) had grading II, 4 (7.02%) had grading III, and 5 (8.77%) had grading IV. Children with good prognosis (Engel grading I+II) and those with poor prognosis (Engel grading III+IV) showed significant differences in terms of time from first seizure to surgery, positive/negative MRI, and regularity of postoperative ASMs ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is the most common seizure type in patients with epilepsy caused by FCD, and abnormal cortical gyri/sulci morphology is the most common MRI manifestation; PET/MRI fusion imaging is superior to PET-CT or MRI in identifying epileptogenic foci. Poor seizure control can be noted in patients with long onset time to surgery, with negative cranial MRI results, or with irregular postoperative ASMs.
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Aim To anticipate the mechanism of zuka- mu granules (ZKMG) in the treatment of bronchial asthma, and to confirm the projected outcomes through in vivo tests via using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods The database was examined for ZKMG targets, active substances, and prospective targets for bronchial asthma. The protein protein interaction network diagram (PPI) and the medication component target network were created using ZKMG and the intersection targets of bronchial asthma. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) were used for enrichment analysis, and network pharmacology findings were used for molecular docking, ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneal injection was used to create a bronchial asthma model, and in vivo tests were used to confirm how ZKMG affected bronchial asthma. Results There were 176 key targets for ZKMG's treatment of bronchial asthma, most of which involved biological processes like signal transduction, negative regulation of apoptotic processes, and angiogenesis. ZKMG contained 194 potentially active components, including quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and other important components. Via signaling pathways such TNF, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), cancer pathway, and MAPK, they had therapeutic effects on bronchial asthma. Conclusion Key components had strong binding activity with appropriate targets, according to molecular docking data. In vivo tests showed that ZKMG could reduce p-p38, p-ERKl/2, and p-I
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Objective@#Studies on duration of untreated psychosis are common in patients with schizophrenia, but few studies have investigated the relationship between duration of untreated illness (DUI) and suicide, especially in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Therefore, we intended to investigate the relationship between DUI and suicide and clinical correlates in patients with chronic schizophrenia. @*Methods@#A total of 1,555 Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia were enrolled in this study. DUI was measured in years, reflecting the prolonged untreated periods observed in this population. Clinical correlates were assessed, including symptoms, cognitive functioning, and body mass index. Suicidal ideation and attempts were also examined. Statistical analyses, including multivariate models, were employed to investigate the associations between DUI and clinical correlates while controlling for potential confounders. @*Results@#The study revealed a significant proportion (23.3%) of patients with chronic schizophrenia in China received their first treatment after a 4-year delay, with the longest untreated duration reaching 39 years. Patients with longer DUI exhibited more severe negative symptoms, lower immediate memory scores, a higher likelihood of being overweight, and surprisingly, a reduced likelihood of suicidal ideation and attempts. Each additional year of untreated illness was associated with a 3% decrease in the risk of suicidal ideation and attempts. @*Conclusion@#The findings underscore the prevalence of extended untreated periods in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia and highlight the impact of DUI on negative symptoms, cognitive function, and body weight. Intriguingly, a longer DUI was associated with a lower risk of suicidal ideation and attempts.
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Glioma is the most common malignancy of the central nervous system, originating mainly from glial cells. Because of its highly aggressive nature, glioma has one of the highest rates of death among all types of cancer. Therefore, it is very important to develop new therapeutic approaches and drugs for glioma treatment. Instead of activate the telomerase, approximately 30% of glioma use alternative lenthening of telomere (ALT) to maintain telomere length. The mechanism of ALT development is poorly understood, however, some genetic mutations have been reported to induce the development of ALT glioma, such as ATRX, IDH1, p53, etc. The lack of ALT glioma cell lines and preclinical ALT glioma models has limited the mechanistic studies of ALT glioma. Therefore, this review listed ALT glioma cell lines that derived from primary culture or gene editing in the last decade, as well as the xenografted animal models established by ALT glioma cell lines, and discussed the role and significance these cell and animal models play in preclinical studies.
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Objective To understand the characteristics and temporal trends of stroke incidence in the household population of Shanghai's Qingpu District and to provide a basis for the development of comprehensive prevention and control strategies. Methods The stroke case database for Qingpu District from 2017-2022 was obtained from the Shanghai Stroke and Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry and Reporting Information System. The average age of onset, incidence rate, standardised incidence rate, and constitutive ratio were calculated. Independent samples t-tests were used for comparisons between groups, 2-tests and 2-trend tests for comparisons of rates, and the Joinpoint regression model for calculating the annual percentage change (APC) to analyse the temporal trend of rates. Results Between 2017 and 2022, the average age of stroke onset in the household population of Shanghai's Qingpu District was 73.69±11.60 years. The average annual incidence rate was 556.62/100 000, with an average annual standardised incidence rate of 333.76/100000. There was an increasing trend in the incidence and standardised incidence of stroke in males (APC=7.06%, t=3.44, P=0.03, APC=5.32%, t=3.04, P=0.04). The incidence of stroke increases with age, with cases mainly concentrated in those aged 65 years and above, accounting for 79.47%. Ischemic stroke dominates the stroke typology, accounting for 91.08% of cases, while the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke shows an increasing trend (APC=4.64%, t=4.59, P=0.01). Conclusion The occurrence of stroke in the general population of Shanghai’s Qingpu District is concerning. The study indicates that males, individuals aged 65 years and above, and ischaemic stroke are significant factors that require attention for stroke prevention and control.
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3D printing is an additive manufacturing technology with the help of digital control. Since FDA approved the first 3D printing drug in 2015, its research enthusiasm in the pharmaceutical field has been increasing year by year. In printing technology, fused deposition molding (FDM) and semi-solid extrusion (SSE) are the two most widely used extrusion molding technologies. In this review, recent advances of pharmaceutical 3D printing extrusion molding technology are reviewed from six aspects: mechanism, equipment, pharmaceutical excipients, applications, design and industrialization prospects of extrusion molding technology.
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This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of apatinib plus programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockades for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who were refractory to the standard regimens. In this retrospective study, patients with metastatic CRC who received apatinib plus PD-1 blockades in clinical practice were included. The initial dosage of apatinib was 250 mg or 500 mg, and PD-1 blockades were comprised of camrelizumab, sintilimab and pembrolizumab. Efficacy and safety data were collected through the hospital’s electronic medical record system. From October 2018 to March 2022, a total of 43 patients with metastatic CRC were evaluated for efficacy and safety. The results showed an objective response rate of 25.6% (95% CI, 13.5%-41.2%) and a disease control rate of 72.1% (95% CI, 56.3%-84.7%). The median progression-free survival (PFS) of the cohort was 5.8 months (95% CI, 3.81-7.79), and the median overall survival (OS) was 10.3 months (95% CI, 5.75-14.85). The most common adverse reactions were fatigue (76.7%), hypertension (72.1%), diarrhea (62.8%), and hand-foot syndrome (51.2%).Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status and location of CRC (left or right-side) were independent factors to predict PFS of patients with metastatic CRC treated with the combination regimen. Consequently, the combination of apatinib and PD-1 blockades demonstrated potential efficacy and acceptable safety for patients with treatment-refractory metastatic CRC. This conclusion should be confirmed in prospective clinical trials subsequently.
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@#Liquid chromatography-multiple-reaction monitoring (LC-MRM) has been widely recognized as the golden standard for multiple components-targeted quantitative analysis of complicated matrices,with extensive applications for analysis in such fields as chemical drugs, traditional Chinese medicines and foods.Unfortunately, when facing the task of quantitatively analyzing trace chemical components in complex matrices, MRM suffers dramatically from the background noise or matrix interference, leading to undesirable sensitivity and selectivity in terms of the lower limits of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD).In recent years, MRM cubed (MRM3), also known as MS3 scan, has received much attention because of its unique ability to significantly improve detection selectivity and sensitivity attributing to the successive ion filtering function, enabling LC-MRM3 as an emerging analytical tool.In this review,our attention is devoted to: 1) the illustration of the principle for MRM3; 2) parameter settings; and 3) the application progress of LC-MRM3 in such fields as the pursuit of biomarkers, pharmaceutical analysis, forensic analysis, toxicological analysis, food chemistry, and environmental analysis, aiming to provide a promising analytical tool of LC-MRM3 advantageous in the quantification analysis of trace chemical components in complex matrices.
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【Objective】 To carry out serological and molecular biological identification of B (A) subtype, and discuss the rational blood transfusion strategy. 【Methods】 Serological and direct sequencing methods were used to detect serotype and genotype of 7 cases of B (A) subtype, and cross matching was performed by saline medium and anti human globulin card to analyze the red blood cells(RBCs) transfusion strategy. 【Results】 The serology results of blood type of 7 samples were similar, with B(A)04/O01 in 3 cases, B(A)04/O02 in 2 cases and B(A)02/O01 in 2 cases. 7 cases of B (A) subtypes were matched with randomly selected blood donors of type O and B on the major side. 【Conclusion】 B(A) subtypes should be identified by genotyping techniques. Washed RBCs of type B and O can be used for B(A) blood type transfusion.
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【Objective】 To analyze the distribution of unexpected antibodies in tumor patients retrospectively and explore the clinical significance. 【Methods】 Unexpected antibody screening was performed on inpatients with blood preparation and blood transfusion in our hospital from January 2004 to December 2022, with 1 176 cases tested positive, and the types of unexpected antibodies and distribution characteristics were statistically analyzed. 【Results】 Unexpected antibodies were screened in 1 176 cases, with the positive rate at 1.05% (1 176/111 483). The unexpected antibodies were mainly anti-E 16.33%(192/1 176), anti-M 7.99% (94/1 176), anti-Mur 5.70% (67/1 176) and anti-Lea 4.76% (56/1 176). Among the 1 176 cases, gastrointestinal tumors accounted for 27.99% (329/1 176), gynecological tumors accounted for 24.84% (292/1 176), respiratory tumors accounted for 16.67% (196/1 176) . 【Conclusion】 The influencing factors of unexpected antibodies in tumor patients were disease type, blood transfusion history and blood type. Therefore, it is necessary for clinical departments to carry out unexpected antibody screening and perform Rh blood type matched transfusion for tumor patients to avoid alloantibody production.
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【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) in adolescents, and to explore its psychological effects. 【Methods】 During Sep.2020 and Dec.2020, an epidemiological survey was conducted among 6 408 junior and senior high school students in a region of Henan Province by stratified and cluster random sampling. The survey included general information questionnaire, urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI), Enuresis Questionnaire, Self-esteem Scale (SES) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). 【Results】 A total of 7, 000 questionnaires were distributed and 6 408 (91.54%) were valid. The survey showed that the total prevalence of PNE among adolescents was 2.98%. The prevalence was 4.67% in those aged 12 years and 1.37% in those aged 18 years. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that male (OR=1.677, P<0.05), overweight (OR=1.842, P<0.05), urgency (OR=1.676, P<0.05), frequency (OR=1.919, P<0.05), incontinence (OR=3.493, P<0.001), RUTI (OR=2.535, P<0.001) and family history (OR=3.005, P<0.001) were related to the risk of PNE. The SES score of PNE patients was lower than that of non-PNE group (z=-3.097, P<0.05), and the PSQI was higher (z=-5.456, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of PNE is high in adolescents and decreases gradually with age. Male, overweight, frequency, urgency, incontinence, RUTI and family history are risk factors. PNE has a negative impact on self-esteem and sleep quality in adolescents.
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【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in rural children and adolescents. 【Methods】 An epidemiological LUTS survey was carried out on 4 100 children and adolescents (aged 6-16 years) in five primary and secondary schools in rural Henan by means of stratified random cluster sampling using anonymous questionnaires. Daytime urinary incontinence (DUI), nocturnal enuresis (NE), and postnatal diaper use and toilet training were investigated. 【Results】 A total of 3 885 valid questionnaires were recovered (with a recovery rate of 94.76%). The total prevalence of the four symptoms of LUTS, including urgency, frequency, DUI and NE, were 16.42%, 10.91%, 7.41% and 7.95%, respectively. As much as 21.13% subjects had at least one symptom. The prevalence of the four symptoms decreased gradually with age, decreased sharply in those aged 6 to 12 years, and then decreased slowly. The prevalence of LUTS in children who stopped using diapers and stared urine training after 1 year of age was significantly higher than that of those within 1 year of age (χ2=21.605, 23.111, 24.189, 23.509, all P<0.05; χ2=102.17, 72.168, 53.656, 197.76, all P<0.05). There were significant differences in the prevalence of LUTS between those with and without toilet training (χ2=315.273, 198.438, 105.723, 272.502, all P<0.05). The prevalence of LUTS in males was significantly higher than that in females (P<0.05). Constipation, prepuce and phimosis in boys were significantly associated with the prevalence of LUTS (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Rural children and adolescents have a high prevalence of LUTS. Diaper use after 1 year of age, history of urinary tract infection (UTI), lack of toilet training, constipation, and abnormal prepuce are risk factors of LUTS. Urine training before 1 year of age is a protective factor of LUTS.