Guanxinning Tablet and their active substances alleviate ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury / 药学学报

This study investigated the intervention effect of Guanxinning Tablet on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), providing experimental basis for Guanxinning Tablet in the treatment of atherosclerosis-related diseases. Under the damage of HUVECs by ox-LDL, the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) assay; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell culture supernatant was detected by the corresponding kit; the cell morphology of different groups was observed by common phase contrast microscope; reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO levels in the cells were detected by DCFH-DA and DAF-FM DA probes, respectively; monocyte adhesion assay was used to detect the recruitment of THP-1 in HUVECs, and TMRM dye was used to detect the level of mitochondrial membrane potential; interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion in the cells was detected by ELISA assay. The results showed that Guanxinning Tablet had a concentration-dependent proliferative effect on HUVECs. Under the stimulation of 100 μg·mL-1 ox-LDL, the morphology of endothelial cells was significantly changed. At this time, NO level was significantly decreased, ROS level was significantly increased and accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. The recruitment of THP-1 cells by endothelial cells and IL-6, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 were also significantly increased, resulting in oxidative stress and inflammatory injury. Guanxinning Tablet and its composed extracts could significantly improve cell morphology, increase NO level, decrease ROS production, and also reduce the secretion of inflammation-related proteins IL-6 and MCP-1. Salvia miltiorrhiza and Ligusticum striatum DC. have significant synergistic effects on NO. Among them, salvianolic acid B and salvianic acid A exerted the main effects, and the combined efficacy of salvianic acid A and ferulic acid was superior to that of single administration. The above results showed that Guanxinning Tablet and their active substances had the effects of improving endothelial basal function, resisting oxidative stress, and alleviating inflammatory injury, and Salvia miltiorrhiza and Ligusticum striatum DC. synergized, which may be related to their regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation and have application prospects in the treatment of atherosclerosis-related diseases.

Serotype and drug resistance of 815 Salmonella isolates in Hunan Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the serotype and drug resistance of 815 Salmonella isolates from Hunan Province, so as to provide insights into management of Salmonella infections.@*Methods@#Salmonella isolates were collected from stool samples of foodborne diarrheal patients and food samples in Hunan Province from 2020 to 2021, and serotyped. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the broth microdilution method.@*Results@#A total of 10 groups and 39 serotypes were characterized in 815 Salmonella isolates. Among the 646 Salmonella isolates of human sources, 388 isolates were identified as serogroup B (60.06%), with S. typhimurium and its variants aspredominant serotypes (364 isolates, 56.35%), and among 169 foodborne isolates, 61 isolates were characterized as serogroup B (36.09%) with S. london as the predominant serotype (26 isolates, 15.38%). There were 597 antimicrobial resistant Salmonella isolates of human sources, with a drug resistance rate of 92.41%, and the percentage of ampicillin resistance was 81.58%. There were 140 foodborne antimicrobial resistant isolates, with a drug resistance rate of 82.84%, and the proportion of tetracycline resistance was 72.78%. However, Salmonella isolates from both humans and foods were sensitive to imipenem. In addition, there were 577 multidrug resistant Salmonella isolates, including 490 multidrug resistant isolates of human sources and 87 foodborne multidrug resistant isolates.@*Conclusions@#S. typhimurium and its variants and S. london were predominant serotypes of Salmonella isolates from 815 foodborne diarrheal patients and food samples in Hunan Province from 2020 to 2021, and a high rate of multidrug resistance was detected.

Development of novel-nanobody-based lateral-flow immunochromatographic strip test for rapid detection of recombinant human interferon α2b / 药物分析学报

Recombinant human interferon α2b(rhIFNα2b)is widely used as an antiviral therapy agent for the treatment of hepatitis B and hepatitis C.The current identification test for rhIFNα2b is complex.In this study,an anti-rhIFNα2b nanobody was discovered and used for the development of a rapid lateral flow strip for the identification of rhIFNα2b.RhIFNα2b was used to immunize an alpaca,which established a phage nanobody library.After five steps of enrichment,the nanobody I22,which specifically bound rhIFNα2b,was isolated and inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a.After subsequent purification,the physicochemical properties of the nanobody were determined.A semiquantitative detection and rapid identification assay of rhIFNα2b was developed using this novel nanobody.To develop a rapid test,the nanobody I22 was coupled with a colloidal gold to produce lateral-flow test strips.The developed rhIFNα2b detection assay had a limit of detection of 1 μg/mL.The isolation of I22 and successful construction of a lateral-flow immunochromatographic test strip demonstrated the feasibility of performing ligand-binding assays on a lateral-flow test strip using recombinant protein products.The principle of this novel assay is generally applicable for the rapid testing of other com-mercial products,with a great potential for routine use in detecting counterfeit recombinant protein products.

Research progress on downgrading therapy for HPV positive oropharyngeal carcinoma / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Previous studies have shown that patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) -positive oropharyngeal cancer have a significantly better prognosis than patients with HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer. However, the high incidence of severe adverse reactions in patients with oropharyngeal cancer under the standard treatment mode affects the sustainability of treatment. At present, internal and overseas studies have indicated that step-down therapy is the trend of future treatment for HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer, and the step-down therapy mode of these patients is also a hotspot of current research. Reducing the intensity of chemotherapy, reducing the intensity of radiotherapy, and reducing the dose of radiotherapy and chemotherapy through the combination therapy mode provide further research directions for the step-down therapy of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer.

Study on the content of family doctor health service packages in functional communities / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveBased on a demand survey， to put forward the idea of family doctor service health service packages for people in functional communities， and provide suggestions for the implementation of family doctor health service in such communities. MethodsThrough the stratified cluster sampling survey of a science and innovation bearing functional community， combined with literature research， current situation survey， case analysis and interviews， this paper proposes the service content of the service packages. ResultsOn the basis of demand survey， the mode of "specified action + optional action" should be adopted. Community health service center should first provide basic service， and then expand their services in diagnosis， treatment， and health management in line with local demand， and provide optional multi-level health service packages for scientific and innovative functional community residents， which should be divided into basic health service， value-added health service and high-end health service. ConclusionSorting out the content of health service packages of family doctor service in functional communities can provide the basis for further improving the allocation of medical service resources， further optimizing the design of the financing and compensation mechanism， and further standardizing the contract service of family doctors.

A method for measuring the ADCP potency of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody / 药学学报

A method to measure the antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) potency of anti-CD38 mAb was developed based on design of experiment (DoE) with a Jurkat/NFAT/CD32a-FcεRIγ transgenic cell line as the effector cell, the Daudi cell line as the target cells, and luciferase as the detection system. The DoE method was used for optimization of experimental parameters and methodological validation. The results show that anti-CD38 mAb exhibits a dose-response relationship with the following four-parameter equation: y = (A - D) / [1 + (x / C)B] + D. Several experimental parameters were optimized by statistical experimental design and determined as follows: the working concentration of anti-CD38 mAb was 800-20.81 ng·mL-1, the density of the target cells was 7.5×104 per well, and the density of effector cells was 2.5×104 per well, with an induction time of 6 h. The method showed good specificity. The recovery rate for samples from 5 different groups showed that the relative potencies of anti-CD38 mAb were (59.97 ± 4.74) %, (82.44 ± 5.15) %, (110.69 ± 11.71) %, (129.23 ± 5.22)% and (162.15 ± 3.66) %. The recoveries ranged from 103% to 120% and the RSDs of the above results were all less than 11%. The linear detection range was 50%-150%. Based on DoE design, this method for measuring ADCP potency of anti-CD38 mAb was optimized and validated with good specificity, repeatability and accuracy. This method can be used for evaluation of ADCP biological activity of anti-CD38 mAbs.

Clinical significance of folic acid metabolic gene detection in methotrexate treatment of leukemia / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To expl ore the clinical significance of folic acid metabolic gene detection in methotrexate （MTX） treatment of acute myeloid leukemia （AML）. METHODS Therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM）pharmacists participated in the treatment process of an AML patient who had neurotoxic side effects such as dizziness ，headache，and vomiting after intrathecal injection of MTX. According to the results of the test of the folic acid metabolic gene MTHFR C677T（rs1801133）（mutant homozygous）and the results of MTX blood concentration monitoring （＜0.05 μmol/L），combined with clinical manifestations ，it was recommended to stop MTX ，give intravenous drip of calcium folinate for rescue ，and consider using azacytidine for follow-up treatment. RESULTS The doctor took the advice of TDM pharmacist ，and the above symptoms were significantly relieved after the patient rescued for 2 times and successfully discharged from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS For AML patients who meet the indications and receive intrathecal injection of MTX ，drug metabolism genetics testing and MTX drug concentration monitoring can be performed before medication ，which helps doctors and pharmacists evaluate the feasibility of drug treatment options and reduce medical risks.

Establishment of experimental bacterial keratitis in a tree shrew infection model and expression of interleukin-17 in the model / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To establish the model of pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus keratitis infection in tree shrews. To determine the expression of IL-17 in the bacterial infection process of tree shrews cornea, and the mechanism of IL-17 in bacterial keratitis of tree shrews is discussed.<p>METHODS: The tree shrew bacterial keratitis models were established by the contact lens-assisted corneal scratching method. After establishing models successfully, the infection symptoms of the model were evaluated by using anterior segment photography and <i>in vivo</i> confocal microscopy on 1, 4, 7 and 14d after performing inoculation, and pathological sections were made to observe histopathological changes in the cornea. Samples were collected at the corresponding time points above, and the expression of IL-17 mRNA in the corneal tissues of tree shrews was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the expression of IL-17 protein was detected by ELISA.<p>RESULTS:The success rate of modeling the tree shrew pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus keratitis models was 96% and 100%.The clinical manifestations and inflammatory cell infiltration of the tree shrew keratitis was consistent with the changing rules of the cornea in histopathological. IL-17 gene and protein expression profiles in tree shrew corneas were consistent with the severity of corneal inflammation basically. <p>CONCLUSION:The use of contact lens-assisted corneal scratching method can successfully establish animal models of pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus keratitis in tree shrews that more closely resemble the natural course of human bacterial keratitis infection. IL-17 participated in the occurrence and development of bacterial keratitis in tree shrews.

Systematic evaluation of qualitative research on the real experience of burn patients during rehabilitation / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To systematically evaluate and integrate the real experience of burn patients during rehabilitation, and to provide theoretical guidance for the continual nursing care for burn patients. Methods: The systematic evaluation method was adopted. Databases including the China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang Database, China Biology Medicine disc were retrieved with the search terms in Chinese version of "/, //, ////", and PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library were retrieved with the search terms of "burn/burns, rehabilitation/recovery/survivor/survive, experience/views/perceptions/, qualitative/phenomenon/interview/grounded theory". The qualitative studies on the real experience of burn patients during rehabilitation published from the establishment of each database to June 2020 were searched. The quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center. The research country, research method, research object, research content, and main research result were summarized, and meta-synthesis of the research results was conducted with the aggregative integration method. Results: A total of 12 studies were included, and the quality of all the studies was grade B. The studies were conducted in 8 countries including Australia, Canada, Norway, etc., the research method mainly was phenomenological research method, and all the studies were focused on adult burn patients. A total of 46 specific themes were extracted with totally 10 new categories formed after summarization, and 3 integrated results were obtained as follows: burn patients suffered from both physical and psychological burdens, and their normal life was broken; burn patients gained post-traumatic growth and could actively adjust to cope with life difficulties; burn patients had multiple needs. Conclusions: Burn patients experience both physical and psychological pains during rehabilitation, so they long for multiple support from family and society. Medical staff, social groups, and family members should pay attention to the psychological experience and needs of burn patients with different characteristics during rehabilitation, and build a multi-directional social support system to help patients return to the society and rebuild their lives.

A study of the effectiveness of nucleos(t)ide analogues in the treatment of HBeAg- positive chronic hepatitis B with normal alanine aminotransferase and high level of HBV DNA / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of nucleos(t)ide analogues in the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B with normal alanine aminotransferase and high level of HBV DNA. Methods: Treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients who were followed up at the Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as subjects. Demographic characteristics, the results of laboratory examination before treatment and one year after treatment were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into tenofovir dipivoxil (TDF) and propofol fumurate tenofovir (TAF) treatment group according to different types of medication. The changes of serum HBV DNA level, HBeAg serological conversion and HBsAg quantitative level were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 38 cases were enrolled. Among them, there were 16 and 22 cases in the TDF and TAF group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in demographic characteristics, baseline HBV DNA levels and HBsAg quantitative levels between the two groups. Virological response was achieved in 60.5% (23/38) of patients after one year of antiviral therapy. Serum HBV DNA levels below the lower limit of detection [68.2% (15/22) vs. 50.0% (8/16), P=0.258] and higher HBeAg seroconversion rate [18.2%] (4/22) vs. 6.3% (1/16), P=0.374] was obtained in TAF than TDF group; however, there was no statistically significant differences between the two. Serum HBsAg quantitative level was significantly reduced with TDF and TAF treatment. In addition, alanine aminotransferase elevation was reduced in TAF than TDF treated group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patient age was an independent predictor of a virological response to antiviral therapy. Conclusion: HBeAg-positive CHB patients with normal alanine aminotransferase, and high HBV DNA level can obtain better curative effect after TDF and TAF treatment.

Preliminary study on centrifugation time of liquid plasmatrix for soft tissue regeneration / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To provide reference for clinical application of liquid plasmatrix, and to investigate the optimal centrifugation time of liquid plasmatrix prepared by horizontal centrifugation for soft tissue regeneration from the aspects of mechanical properties, biological properties, and the effect of promoting soft tissue regeneration. Methods: Venous blood was collected from 6 healthy volunteers [3 males and 3 females, aged (26±2) years, with informed consent] who volunteered to donate blood at School of Stomatology, Wuhan University from September to November 2021. The collected venous blood was centrifuged at 500 ×g for 3, 5, 8 and 12 min to obtain liquid plasmatrix. The volume, weight, solidification time, and mechanical properties of liquid plasmatrix prepared at different centrifugation time were measured and recorded (the sample size at each time point was 3). The microstructure of different groups of liquid plasmatrix clot was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The rheological properties of each group of liquid plasmatrix clot were measured by rheological test. The number and concentration of cells in the whole blood group and in each liquid plasmatrix group were measured using complete blood count test. The distribution of cells in the liquid plasmatrix clots was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The effect of control group (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum) and liquid plasmatrix clot exudates in 3, 5, 8, 12 min group (the sample size at each time point was 3) on gingival fibroblast migration was detected by cell migration method. Finally, the effects of control group and liquid plasmatrix clot exudates on the morphology of gingival fibroblasts were observed by fluorescence microscope. Results: The volume of liquid plasmatrix in 3, 5, 8 and 12 min group were approximately (2.47±0.12), (2.67±0.12), (3.53±0.12) and (3.73±0.12) ml, respectively. The weight of liquid plasmatrix in 3, 5, 8 and 12 min group were approximately (0.35±0.01), (0.46±0.02), (0.88±0.06) and (1.03±0.01) g, respectively. The maximum tensile force of liquid plasmatrix clots in 3, 5, 8 and 12 min group were (0.55±0.03), (0.56±0.03), (1.31±0.05) and (1.38±0.02) N, respectively. SEM results showed that the fibers inside the liquid plasmatrix clot became denser with increased centrifugation time. Compared with other groups, the concentrations of leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes in 8 min group were the highest, and the distribution of cell was more even. Compared with other groups, the efficiency of stimulating gingival fibroblast migration in 8 min group was the best (1.60±0.01). Fluorescence staining test showed that the liquid plasmatrix clot exudates could make gingival fibroblasts more stretched compared with control group. Conclusions: The present study shows that liquid plasmatrix prepared by centrifugation with 500 ×g centrifugal force for 8 min has higher concentration of viable cells and the ability to promote the migration of gingival fibroblasts.

Application of epidemiology research in evaluations of COVID-19 vaccines in both clinical trial and clinical use / 中华流行病学杂志

Safe and effective vaccines are essential for the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic. In the evaluations of COVID-19 vaccines' safety and efficiency in experimental research and the surveillance for COVID-19 vaccines' safety and population based effectiveness in observational study, epidemiology research has played a critical role. By analyzing research cases both at home and abroad, this paper systematically introduces the applications and design elements of clinical trial, cohort study and case-control study in the evaluations of COVID-19 vaccines' safety and efficiency in clinical trials and safety and population based effectiveness clinical use to enrich epidemiology teaching cases. After the marketing of COVID-19 vaccines, some foreign countries rapidly organized and carried out population based observational research for the clinical evaluation of the vaccines with sample size ranging from several hundred thousand to ten million. Benefiting from the developed public health, medical and medical insurance information systems in these countries, their data can be shared for integrated analysis, which would has important enlightenment for the development of medical big data in China.

The construction of comprehensive stroke prevention and control system requires attention to the precise policies of young stroke / 中华预防医学杂志

Youth is the core force of social and economic development, once the occurrence of youth stroke will place a heavy burden on society and family. However, the prevention and control of stroke in China is mainly aimed at middle-aged and elderly patients, the part of young stroke is relatively easy to be ignored. This article focuses on the characteristics, research progress, prevention and control status of young stroke, pointing out the importance of centering on the prevention and treatment of young stroke. At the same time, it hopes that the industry can concentrate on the prevention and treatment of young stroke, making precise policies in the future, and developing secondary prevention guidelines for the causes or risk factors of young stroke, so as to improve comprehensive stroke prevention and control system. On this basis, the health level of the whole population will be improved, and the life expectancy of residents will be extended, thus promoting the realization of the strategic goal of "Healthy China 2030".

Multicenter real world study on the efficacy and safety of eribulin for the treatment of advanced breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of real-world eribulin in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Methods: From December 2019 to December 2020, patients with advanced breast cancer were selected from Beijing Chaoyang District Sanhuan Cancer Hospital, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, and Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were used for survival analysis, and Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: The median progression-free survival (PFS) of 77 patients was 5 months, the objective response rate (ORR) was 33.8%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 71.4%. The ORR of patients with triple-negative breast cancer was 23.1%, and the DCR was 57.7%; the ORR of patients with Luminal breast cancer was 40.0%, and the DCR was 77.8%; the ORR of patients with HER-2 overexpression breast cancer was 33.3%, and the DCR was 83.3%. ORR of 50.0% and DCR of 66.7% for patients treated with eribulin as first to second line treatment, ORR of 29.4% and DCR of 76.5% for patients treated with third to fourth line and ORR of 28.6% and DCR of 71.4% for patients treated with five to eleven line. The ORR of patients in the eribulin monotherapy group was 40.0% and the DCR was 66.0%; the ORR of patients in the combination chemotherapy or targeted therapy group was 22.2% and the DCR was 81.5%. Patients with a history of treatment with paclitaxel, docetaxel, or albumin paclitaxel during the adjuvant phase or after recurrent metastasis had an ORR of 32.9% and a DCR of 69.9% when treated with eribulin. The treatment efficacy is an independent prognostic factor affecting patient survival (P<0.001). The main adverse reactions in the whole group of patients were Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ neutrophil decline [29.9% (23/77)], and other adverse reactions were Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ fatigue [5.2% (4/77)], Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ peripheral nerve abnormality [2.6% (2/77)] and Grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ alopecia [2.6% (2/77)]. Conclusions: Eribulin still has good antitumor activity against various molecular subtypes of breast cancer and advanced breast cancer that has failed multiple lines of chemotherapy, and the adverse effects can be controlled, so it has a good clinical application value.

Effect of salvianolic acid on behaviors and brain inflammatory factors in depression model rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of salvianolic acid on depressive behavior in depression model rats induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) and its mechanism.Methods:Fifty healthy male clean grade Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were divided into five groups according to a random number table with 10 in each group: control group (nCMS+ Nal group), CMS+ normal saline group (CMS+ Nal group), CMS+ fluoxetine group (CMS+ Flu group), CMS+ salvia acid group (CMS+ Sal group), CMS+ fluoxetine+ Salvia acid group (CMS+ Flu+ Sal group). Except the control group, the rats in the other four groups were all received CMS modeling for 21 days. Twenty-one days after CMS modeling, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.9% normal saline (10 mg·kg -1·d -1), fluoxetine (20 mg·kg -1·d -1), salvia acid(40 mg·kg -1·d -1), fluoxetine(20 mg·kg -1·d -1)+ salvia acid(40 mg·kg -1·d -1)for 21 days. During the administration period, rats in the other four groups continued to receive CMS intervention for 21 days. Forced swimming test and sucrose preference test were conducted at baseline (day 0), after modeling (day 21) and after intervention (day 42) so as to evaluate depression like behavior. Then the rats were sacrificed and the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were taken. The mRNA levels of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) were detected by RT-qPCR. The cytokines including interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-2(IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by Luminex technique.SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis.Repeated measurement ANOVA was used for behavioral data analysis, one-way ANOVA was used for molecular index data analysis, and Spearman was used for correlation analysis. Results:The results of repeated measurement ANOVA showed that the interaction effects between group and time of body mass, sucrose preference, forced swimming immobility time were significant at baseline, after modeling and after intervention ( F=18.238, 6.921, 7.591, all P<0.05). After modeling, compared with nCMS+ Nal group, the rats in CMS+ Flu group, CMS+ Sal group, CMS+ Flu+ Sal group and CMS+ Nal group had lower body weight, lower sucrose preference rate and longer forced swimming immobility time (all P<0.05). After intervention, compared with CMS+ Nal group(body weight (350.15±41.65)g, sucrose preference(52.95±11.13)%, static time(91.40±15.22)s), the body weight((378.21±30.78)g, (385.12±43.19)g, (391.41±31.21)g, (402.33±18.67)g, all P<0.05) and sucrose preference((69.30±15.56)%, (68.12±10.99)%, (71.18±9.51)%, (75.47±11.55)%, all P<0.05) of CMS+ Flu group, CMS+ Sal group, CMS+ Flu+ Sal group and nCMS+ Nal group were all increased, while the forced swimming immobility time ((68.81±21.74)s, (66.10±25.51)s, (63.53±22.32)s, (71.21±21.41)s, all P<0.05) were shorter (all P<0.05). After intervention, among the body weight, sucrose preference and the immobility time of CMS+ Flu group、CMS+ Sal group and CMS+ Flu+ Sal group, there were no differences between each two groups(all P>0.05). After intervention, the levels of TLR4 mRNA and MyD88 mRNA in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of CMS+ Flu group, CMS+ Sal group, CMS+ Flu+ Sal group and nCMS+ Nal group were all lower than those in CMS+ Nal group (all P<0.05). In prefrontal cortex, the levels of TLR4 mRNA (0.715±0.358) and MyD88 mRNA (0.739±0.233) in CMS+ Flu+ Sal group were lower than those in CMS+ Sal group (1.943±0.606, 1.815±0.897) (both P<0.05). The level of TLR4 mRNA in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats were positively correlated with the level of MyD88 mRNA and TNF-α level and forced swimming immobility time and negatively correlated with sucrose preference rate (prefrontal cortex r=0.915, 0.041, 0.027, -0.178, all P<0.05; hippocampus r=0.810, 0.070, 0.011, -0.153, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The antidepressant effect of salvianolic acid is presumedly achieved by inhibiting the immunoinflammatory response mediated by the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway in CMS rats.

Scanning electron microscopic observation of the external morphology of Dermatophagoides farinae at different developmental stages / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of Dermatophagoides farinae at different developmental stages. Methods The cultured D. farinae was isolated, and the external morphological features of mites at various developmental stages were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including egg, larva, nymph and adult stages. Results The D. farinae egg appeared a long oval shape, and the larval mites had three pairs of legs. The nymph had four pairs of legs and underdeveloped genital pores containing genital setae and anal setae, and adult mites appeared long and oval in shape, with decorative patterns on epidermis, and had four pairs of legs. In male adult mites, remarkable thickening of the leg I and thicker and longer leg III than the leg IV were seen, and ventral genital regions were found between the basal segments of legs III and IV; the anus was surrounded by a circular peri-anal ring, with a pair of anal suckers and anal setae within the ring. In the female adult mites, slender legs III and IV with an equal length were seen, and a “λ-shape” genital hole was observed on the ventral surface, with a crescent-like genital plate in the anterior part, and the anus appeared a longitudinal slit. Conclusions An SEM observation of the external morphology of D. farinae provides understandings of the morphological characteristics of D. farinae, which is of great significance for the classification and identification.

In Vitro Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Jiaojiang Cataplasms / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the in vitro kinetics of Jiaojiang cataplasms and evaluate its pharmacodynamics， so as to provide a feasible basis for the development of this preparation. MethodThe improved Franz diffusion cell was used for the in vitro release in semipermeable membrane and transdermal absorption in in vitro mouse skins. The contents of hydroxy-α-sanshool， 6-gingerol， ginsenoside Rb1 were determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， to evaluate the in vitro release and transdermal absorption of Jiaojiang cataplasms. The mobile phase of 6-gingerol and hydroxy-α-sanshool was water-acetonitrile-methanol （2∶1∶1） with the detection wavelength of 280 nm. The mobile phase of ginsenoside Rb1 was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （31∶69） with the detection wavelength of 203 nm. A mouse intestinal paralysis model was established， and mice were randomly divided into five groups， namely sham operation group， model group， domperidone group （3.9 mg·kg-1） and high- and low-dose groups of Jiaojiang cataplasms （6.2， 3.1 g·kg-1， measured by crude drug dosage）， to observe the effect of this preparation on gastrointestinal propulsion function. ResultAverage release rates of hydroxy-α-sanshool， 6-gingerol and ginsenoside Rb1 at 24 h were 16.41， 4.23， 4.15 μg∙cm-2∙h-1， the average transdermal rates of them at 24 h were 2.31， 0.64， 0.29 μg∙cm-2∙h-1， their skin retention values were 19.56， 3.59， 1.61 μg， respectively. According to the Ritger-Peppas equation， the release of hydroxy-α-sanshool， 6-gingerol， ginsenoside Rb1 was non-Fick diffusion. The high-dose group of Jiaojiang cataplasms could improve intestinal function of model mice after small intestinal friction injury， and promote intestinal peristalsis and small intestinal propulsion rate （P<0.05）. ConclusionJiaojiang cataplasms has in vitro release and transdermal properties， the in vitro release conforms to Higuchi equation， and transdermal absorption behavior conforms to zero-order kinetic equation， which can improve the postoperative function of the small intestine and the propulsion function of small intestine. It preliminarily indicates that the preparation has certain clinical development value.

Roles of Active Ingredients in Chinese Medicinals in Treatment of Acute Lung Injury by Regulating PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Acute lung injury is a common critical respiratory disease， which can further develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS） with a high fatality rate， but there is no effective drug at present. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway is involved in cell proliferation， metabolism， survival， and motility through phosphorylation of numerous downstream effector molecules. It plays an important role in the development of acute lung injury by regulating mitochondrial function， apoptosis， autophagy， oxidative stress， and inflammatory response. The active ingredients in Chinese medicinals alleviate acute lung injury by targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. There has been an explosion of research on the treatment of acute lung injury by active ingredients in Chinese medicinals via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， which is of great clinical research value. The article presented the first summary of studies exploring the correlation between PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and acute lung injury in recent years and summed up the protective effect of the active ingredients in Chinese medicinals against acute lung injury via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， providing innovative mindsets and strategies for clinical application of active ingredients in Chinese medicinals in the treatment of acute lung injury.

Ixazomib-Based Regimen Followed by Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of POEMS Syndrome / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the safety and efficacy of a new proteasome inhibitor Ixazomib followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) in the treatment of POEMS syndrome.@*METHODS@#The clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment process and follow-up results of 4 patients with POEMS syndrome who were treated with Ixazomib-based regimen combined with AHSCT in Wuhan No.1 Hospital from February 2018 to July 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were male, aged from 37-54 years old, with varying degrees of peripheral neuropathy, organ enlargement (liver, spleen or lymph nodes), circulatory overload (peripheral edema and/or pleural effusion), osteosclerosis, endocrine diseases (thyroid, gonads, etc.), skin changes (pigmentation, hemangioma, white nails, etc.), M protein, papilledema and other clinical manifestations and characteristics at the time of initial treatment. Two patients were pathologically diagnosed as hyaline vascular Castleman disease by lymph node biopsy. Three patients underwent lumbar puncture examinations and all showed elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein. All patients received at least 2 cycles of sequential AHSCT after induction chemotherapy based on ixazomib. The follow-up time was 10-28 months, and the median follow-up time was 16 months.@*RESULTS@#All cases survived. The complications were controllable during the treatment. Moreover, the clinical symptoms related to the disease were improved to a certain extent after the treatment. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showed a gradual decline.@*CONCLUSION@#Ixazomib combined with AHSCT is safe and effective in the treatment of POEMS syndrome.

Effects of Bushen Yiqi Huoxue Decoction in Treatment of Patients with Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the therapeutic effect of Bushen Yiqi Huoxue Decoction BYHD) in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).@*METHODS@#A total of 180 patients with DOR diagnosed from December 2013 to December 2014 were equally assigned into progynova and duphaston (E+D) group, Zuogui Pill group and BYHD group with 60 cases in each by computerized randomization. Patients received E+D, Zuogui Pill or BYHD for 12 months, respectively. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), ovarian volume, endometrial thickness, and the resistance indices (RIs) of ovarian arteries and uterine arteries were observed before and after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Nine women (4 from the E+D group, 3 from the Zuogui Pill group, and 2 from the BYHD group) withdrew from the study. After 6 months, Zuogui Pill and BYHD significantly decreased FSH and LH and increased endometrial thickness and AMH (all P<0.01). BYHD also resulted in E2 elevation (P<0.05), ovary enlargement (P<0.05), AFC increase (P<0.01), and RI of ovarian arteries decrease (P<0.05). After 12 months, further improvements were observed in the Zuogui Pill and BYHD groups (all P<0.01), but BYHD showed better outcomes, with lower FSH, larger ovaries and a thicker endometrium compared with the Zuogui Pill group (all P<0.01). However, E+D only significantly increased endometrial thickness (P<0.01) and no significant improvements were observed in the RI of uterine arteries in the three groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#BYHD had a favorable therapeutic effect in patients with DOR by rebalancing hormone levels, promoting ovulation, and repairing the thin endometrium. The combination of tonifying Shen (Kidney), benefiting qi and activating blood circulation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for DOR.