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Artificial blood is a type of liquid preparation with oxygen-loading capacity and can temporarily substitute some function of blood.The developed artificial blood can be divided into four categories:artificial synthetic hemo-globin,artificial red blood cells made from natural hemoglobin,perfluorocarbons,and stem cell-differentiated red blood cells.This review focuses on the domestic and foreign research progress of artificial blood in recent years,and discusses its clinical application value,development trend,and future research,in order to provide new ideas to the development the artificial blood products and promote clinical application.
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Objective:To study the current status of longitudinal extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in extremely preterm infants (EPIs) and to develop a prediction model based on clinical data from multiple NICUs.Methods:From January 2017 to December 2018, EPIs admitted to 32 NICUs in North China were retrospectively studied. Their general conditions, nutritional support, complications during hospitalization and weight changes were reviewed. Weight loss between birth and discharge > 1SD was defined as longitudinal EUGR. The EPIs were assigned into longitudinal EUGR group and non-EUGR group and their nutritional support and weight changes were compared. The EPIs were randomly assigned into the training dataset and the validation dataset with a ratio of 7∶3. Univariate Cox regression analysis and multiple regression analysis were used in the training dataset to select the independent predictive factors. The best-fitting Nomogram model predicting longitudinal EUGR was established based on Akaike Information Criterion. The model was evaluated for discrimination efficacy, calibration and clinical decision curve analysis.Results:A total of 436 EPIs were included in this study, with a mean gestational age of (26.9±0.9) weeks and a birth weight of (989±171) g. The incidence of longitudinal EUGR was 82.3%(359/436). Seven variables (birth weight Z-score, weight loss, weight growth velocity, the proportion of breast milk ≥75% within 3 d before discharge, invasive mechanical ventilation ≥7 d, maternal antenatal corticosteroids use and bronchopulmonary dysplasia) were selected to establish the prediction model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training dataset and the validation dataset were 0.870 (95% CI 0.820-0.920) and 0.879 (95% CI 0.815-0.942), suggesting good discrimination efficacy. The calibration curve indicated a good fit of the model ( P>0.05). The decision curve analysis showed positive net benefits at all thresholds. Conclusions:Currently, EPIs have a high incidence of longitudinal EUGR. The prediction model is helpful for early identification and intervention for EPIs with higher risks of longitudinal EUGR. It is necessary to expand the sample size and conduct prospective studies to optimize and validate the prediction model in the future.
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Programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) are important signaling molecules that mediate immunosuppression. This signaling pathway leads to the evading of tumor cells from immune surveillance and plays an adverse affect on anti-tumor immunity. For grafts, the activation of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway also plays an important role in the its evasion from host immune attack and the formation of immune tolerance. PD-1/PD-L1 has been shown to regulate immune tolerance in corneal, heart and lung transplantation. Its role in liver transplantation, however, has yet to be elaborated. This article reviews the potential of PD-1/PD-L1 as a marker of immune tolerance after liver transplantation.
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To further standardize the ethical review of life science and medical research involving humans, the National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine jointly issued the Measures of the Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans in 2023. The provisions concerning research related to health information data within it include: emphasizing the protection of personal information and privacy rights, personal information can only be collected, stored, and used under the premise that research participants know and permit, and must not be disclosed to third-party without the authorization of research participants; the ethical committee should focus on reviewing the adequacy of confidentiality measures of personal information; for research that provides information and data or cooperation with external organizations, it is necessary to fully understand the research, conduct a full ethical review, and clarify the use, processing, and disposal after completion of information data through an agreement. The research institutions should improve the information data governance and supervision system in conjunction with the key points of information data management in the new regulations. The initial ethical review should focus on the risk-benefit ratio of the research, the reasonableness of the informed consent procedure, the feasibility of the opt-out procedure, the protection measures for the privacy of the research participants, and the data management capability of the research team. The knowledge training of researchers should be strengthened, policy advisory services should be provided for them, and even a unified information data management platform should be built for them from the overall level of research institutions. The ethical follow-up review emphasizes whether the researchers continue to protect the participant’s right to independent information or personal information, and privacy. It is believed that through a series of governance measures, the health information data of research participants in China will be better protected, thus safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests.
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AIM: To analyze the causes of blindness and low vision in patients with visual disability in Yangpu District of Shanghai from 2019 to 2022.METHODS:Cross-sectional study. A total of 1 604 patients who participated in the evaluation of visual disability in Shanghai Yangpu District Kongjiang Hospital, from April 2019 to December 2022 were selected for the study. The grade of visual disability and the main causes of blindness and low vision were determined by trained doctors.RESULTS:A total of 804 patients with visual disabilities were identified, with 87.31% aged 60 and above. The causes of visual disability were high myopic retinopathy(30.47%), age-related macular degeneration(23.26%), glaucoma(17.04%), and diabetic retinopathy(11.07%). Glaucoma(36.96%)is the leading cause of blindness.CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with visual disability are aged 60 years and above. More attention should be paid to the elderly population. Comprehensive prevention, treatment and rehabilitation measures should be applied in different diseases based on classification, so as to early reduce the occurrence of visual disability.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and further analyze the application prospects of the combined multitarget fecal FIT-DNA assay in the early screening of colorectal cancer. Methods Subjects were selected from a population attending the Inner Mongolia Medical University Hospital. Each subject underwent a combined multi-target fecal FIT-DNA test (experimental group), a serum tumor marker test and enteroscopy (control group). The pathological results were used as the gold standard to evaluate the efficacy of novel fecal molecular testing techniques for colorectal cancer screening with timely intervention given to screen positive individuals. Results The data of 115 individuals were analyzed. Serum tumor markers test had a sensitivity of 63.2% (43/68) and a specificity of 74.5% (35/47). The enteroscopy had a sensitivity of 97.1% (66/68) and a specificity of 80.7% (38/47); the combined multitarget fecal FIT-DNA test had a sensitivity of 89.7% (61/68) and a specificity of 87.2% (41/47). Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of multitarget fecal FIT-DNA combined detection are better than those of serum tumor marker detection. Although its sensitivity is lower than enteroscopy, its operation is simpler and can be tested at home.
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OBJECTIVE To establish characteristic chromatogram of Yao medicine Kadsura longipedunculata and the method for the content determination of its main component anwulignan, and evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of anwulignan. METHODS HPLC method was performed with acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The characteristic chromatogram of K. longipedunculata was established and similarity was evaluated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM (2012 edition). The content of anwulignan in K. longipedunculata was determined. Lipopolysaccharide induced RAW264.7 macrophages were selected as inflammatory cell model to investigate the effects of anwulignan on the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6. RESULTS The similarities of characteristic chromatogram for 10 batches of K. longipedunculata ranged 0.901-0.994, and 9 common peaks were determined; 3 components were identified, such as changnan schisantherin E, kadsulactone A, anwulignan. The contents of anwulignan were (0.72±0.05)-(1.21±0.03) mg/g(n=3). Anwulignan of 0.125-0.5 μg/mL greatly decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the supernatant of inflammatory model cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS HPLC characteristic chromatogram of K. longipedunculata and the method for the content determination of anwulignan are all established, and anwulignan may be the active ingredient of anti-inflammatory effect in K. longipedunculata.
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Objective:To compare the differences of actual absorbed doses of liver malignant tumors after 90Y-selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) evaluated by 90Y PET/CT and 90Y bremsstrahlung (BRS) SPECT/CT imaging, and to compare the image quality of the 2 imaging methods. Methods:Twenty-one patients (15 males and 6 females; age: (52.4±15.4) years) with liver malignant tumors (15 cases of primary liver cancer, 6 cases of liver metastases; 39 lesions) between September 2021 and August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent both 90Y PET/CT imaging and 90Y BRS SPECT/CT imaging in the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hainan Cancer Hospital. The ratios of the actual absorbed doses based on 90Y PET/CT imaging and 90Y BRS SPECT/CT imaging to the lowest standard absorbed dose(100 Gy) for tumor response were calculated. The image contrast and distinguishability of the two imaging methods were scored. Wilcoxon signed rank test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for data analysis. Results:The tumor absorbed doses evaluated by 90Y PET/CT and 90Y BRS SPECT/CT were 143.94(55.91, 233.48) Gy and 107.82(53.59, 157.53) Gy respectively. The doses evaluated by 90Y PET/CT were higher than the standard threshold in 24 lesions, while 19 lesions showed higher evaluated doses by 90Y BRS SPECT/CT than the standard threshold. Compared with 90Y PET/CT, 90Y BRS SPECT/CT underestimated the tumor absorbed dose of -24.25%(-32.32%, -12.14%). The ratio of dose evaluated by 90Y PET/CT to the lowest standard threshold was 1.33(0.56, 1.91), which was higher than that of dose evaluated by 90Y BRS SPECT/CT to the lowest standard threshold (0.97(0.47, 1.25); z=0.04, P<0.001). PET/CT image contrast was scored 0, 1, 2, 3 in 2, 2, 12, 23 lesions respectively, and SPECT/CT image contrast was scored 0, 1, 2, 3 in 2, 3, 16, 18 lesions respectively ( z=-1.29, P=0.199). The distinguishability scores of 0, 1, 2 based on PET/CT images were found in 3, 15, 21 lesions, while those based on SPECT/CT images were found in 4, 32, 3 lesions respectively ( z=-2.79, P=0.005). Conclusion:90Y PET/CT imaging is superior to 90Y BRS SPECT/CT imaging in radiation dose evaluation and tumor focus differentiation in patients with liver malignant tumors after 90Y-SIRT.
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Osteosarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome referring to the co-existence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia.Its pathogenesis involves factors such as genetics, mechanics of the musculoskeletal system, endocrine regulatory mechanisms and molecular signaling pathways.In clinical practice, aside from comprehensive assessment of risk factors, screening of bone density, muscle strength, muscle mass and the overall body function must also be undertaken.Intervention measures primarily include therapeutic exercise, nutritional support and drugs.
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence of albuminuria in Chinese residents aged >35 years and its potential association with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods:A total of 34 647 Chinese subjects aged ≥35 years were selected by stratified multi-stage random sampling from 2012 to 2015. Data were collected through questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Albuminuria was categorized into 3 types according to urinary albumin-to- creatinine ratio: normal (<30 mg/g), microalbuminuria (MAU, 30-300 mg/g), and macroalbuminuria (≥300 mg/g). Measurement data were expressed as xˉ±s, and t-tests were used for comparisons between indicators. Qualitative data were expressed as rate or constituent ratio, and the χ2 test or Kruskal-Wallis test was used to examine differences. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analyses. SAS 9.4 software was used for statistical analyses, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The prevalence of abnormal albuminuria was 19.1%; the prevalence was 17.2% for MAU and lower in males (13.8%) than females (20.1%, P<0.01). The risk of CVD was higher among subjects with MAU ( OR=1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.35) and macroalbuminuria ( OR=1.86, 95% CI 1.50-2.32). When MAU was complicated by hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the CVD risk was 1.76 times higher. Conclusions:The prevalence of MAU is high among Chinese subjects aged 35 years and over. Those with MAU have higher CVD risk, especially those with hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
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Objective:To explore predictive factors for the efficacy of omalizumab in the treatment of refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) .Methods:Totally, 40 patients with refractory CSU treated with omalizumab were enrolled from Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2019 to 2021. Before treatment, clinical data including the urticaria activity score over 7 days (UAS7) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) were collected; venous blood samples were collected for the detection of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, eosinophil counts and basophil counts, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) IgG antibody levels, mean platelet volume, as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) , D-dimer, complements C3 and C4, interleukin (IL) -2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α and interferon (IFN) -γ levels, and percentages of CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells; meanwhile, the autologous serum skin test (ASST) was performed. After 12-week treatment with omalizumab, 40 CSU patients were divided into well-responding group and poorly-responding group according to the UAS7 score, and the above laboratory indicators were compared between the two groups. For continuous variable indicators with significant differences, the accuracy of prediction and optimal cut-off values were determined by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; for categorical variable indicators with significant differences, the sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of poor clinical response to omalizumab were calculated; correlations among the above indicators were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results:After 12-week treatment with omalizumab, 28 CSU patients responded well to omalizumab, and 12 responded poorly. Before treatment, the poorly-responding group showed significantly increased proportions of patients with eosinopenia (6/12) , basopenia (7/12) , decreased C3 (6/12) , decreased C4 (6/12) , positive anti-TPO IgG antibodies (5/12) and low total IgE levels (8/12) , increased proportion of CD4 + T cells (71.13% ± 3.26%) , and increased IL-17A levels (27.16 ± 9.75 pg/ml) compared with the well-responding group (14.3%, 10.7%, 14.3%, 7.1%, 10.7%, 14.3%, 60.33% ± 5.12%, 19.24 ± 10.84 pg/ml, respectively; all P < 0.05) , but decreased IL-6 levels compared with the well-responding group ( t = 5.75, P < 0.05) . According to the ROC analysis and calculation of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, the above indicators showed high accuracy in predicting therapeutic effect of omalizumab, and the optimal cut-off values of IL-6, IL-17A, and CD4 + T cell proportion were 8.672 pg/ml, 23.415 pg/ml, and 67.95%, respectively. In addition, the IL-6 level was significantly positively correlated with the total IgE level in CSU patients at baseline ( r = 0.43, P = 0.006) . Conclusion:Before the selection of omalizumab for the treatment of refractory CSU, there is a need to detect the eosinophil and basophil counts, levels of complements C3, C4, anti-TPO IgG antibodies, total IgE, IL-17A and IL-6, and CD4 + T cell proportions to predict therapeutic effect of omalizumab, so as to determine whether omalizumab is suitable for the patients.
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Diabetes peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. It not only causes physical disability and unbearable pain, but also may lead to emotional and psychological problems, reduce the quality of life of patients, and increase mortality. Although early diagnosis of diabetes may improve the clinical prognosis, the occurrence of DPN is sometimes unavoidable and the treatment is limited. This article summarizes the clinical features, diagnosis, investigations and treatment of DPN by reviewing the latest literature.
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This article reported the management and outcome of a pregnant woman diagnosed with massive subchorionic thrombohematoma at the umbilical cord insertion. The patient was found to have a large placental hematoma below the insertion site of the umbilical cord at 28 weeks of gestation by ultrasound and MRI. Fetal growth and the condition of the placenta were closely monitored thereafter. The patient was delivered with good maternal and infant outcomes through emergency cesarean section at 33 +5 weeks of gestation due to a significantly enlarged hematoma with abnormal umbilical blood flow.
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Objective:To preliminary observe the clinical efficacy of vedolizumab (VDZ) in the treatment of active Crohn′s disease (CD).Methods:From March 2021 to October 2022, a total of 22 patients with active CD who received VDZ treatment at Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University were retrospectively enrolled. The general clinical data, laboratory indicators, imaging finding and endoscopic images of the patients were collected. The Crohn′s disease activity index (CDAI), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), clinical remission rate were evaluated at week 0, 2, 6 and 14 of VDZ administration. Meanwhile, the response rate under endoscopy and remission rate under endoscopy were evaluated after 14 weeks of VDZ administration. The related factors affecting the efficacy of VDZ were further analyzed. Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whithey U test were used for statistical analysis. The multiple logistic regression analysis was used to find the related factors affecting the clinical remission after VDZ treatment. Results:The CDAI at week 0, 2, 6 and 14 after treatment were 181.01 (160.11, 231.56), 148.05 (134.88, 200.52), 127.46 (91.44, 163.62), and 82.35 (63.50, 121.84), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( H=34.23, P<0.001); there were statistically significant differences between week 0 and week 2, 6, 14 after treatment ( U=130.00, 80.00, 33.00; P=0.017, <0.001, and<0.001). The hs-CRP levels were 5.72 mg/L (3.59 mg/L, 11.10 mg/L), 2.86 mg/L (0.86 mg/L, 5.27 mg/L), 1.55 mg/L (0.86 mg/L, 9.89 mg/L) and 2.86 mg/L (0.86 mg/L, 3.12 mg/L), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant ( H=9.69, P=0.021); there were statistically significant differences between week 0 and week 2, 6, 14 after treatment ( U=102.00, 109.00, 98.00; P=0.026, 0.045, and 0.011) .The level of ESR after 14 weeks of VDZ treatment was 8.00 mm/1 h (4.00 mm/1 h, 17.00 mm/1 h), which significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (17.00 mm/1 h(12.25 mm/1 h, 21.75 mm/1 h)), and the difference was statistically significant ( U=132.50, P=0.020). The clinical remission rates at week 2, 6 and 14 after VDZ treatment were 54.5% (12/22), 68.2% (15/22) and 86.4% (21/22), respectively, and the clinical response rates were 18.2% (4/22), 54.5% (12/22) and 95.5% (21/22), respectively. After 14 weeks of VDZ treatment, among 17 patients who underwent endoscopic re-examination, 9 patients achieved response under endoscopy and 3 patients achieved remission under endoscopy. Stenotic type and penetrating type of CD, previous use of glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants were risk factors of no clinical remission after VDZ treatment ( β=-4.586, -5.005 and -3.371; OR=0.010, 0.007 and 0.034; P=0.010, 0.025 and 0.045). While VDZ treatment for 14 weeks was a protective factor ( β=2.475, OR=11.885, P=0.011). Conclusions:VDZ can effectively relieve disease activity in patients with active CD. The disease behavior of CD, previous medication treatment of patients, and the duration of VDZ treatment may be related to the efficacy of VDZ.
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Hydroxychloroquine is widely used in a variety of autoimmune diseases. However, long-term use of hydroxychloroquine can cause severe retinopathy, which has a complex pathogenic mechanism and diverse clinical manifestations, mainly manifested as photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial damage and irreversible vision loss. Identifying damage before retinitis pigment epithelium lesions preserve central vision, so early detection is crucial to slow disease progression and reduce vision loss. The development of multimodal imaging technology and the issuance of the latest treatment guidelines provide a powerful tool for the early screening and treatment of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy. Proficient in the latest guidelines for the treatment of hydroxychloroquine can better guide clinicians to do a good job in disease screening and management, recommend risks, safe dosages and appropriate screening procedures to patients and strengthen the prevention of hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, which will help save the vision of more patients and reduce the waste of medical resources.
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ObjectiveTo visualize the international research hotspots and frontiers of primary healthcare workers burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic based on CiteSpace. MethodsPublications from January 1 2020 to November 1 2022 were retrieved from the web of science core collection database. Annual published articles, keyword co-occurrence, cluster analysis and emergent word evolution were analyzed. Using CiteSpace 5.8.R3 and Excel 2017, visualized knowledge graphs and the data tables were generated. ResultsA total of 411 articles were included with a still upward trend. The top 4 institutions with the largest number of papers were Harvard Medical Scchool (14 studies), University of Melbourne (11 studies), Stanford University (9 studies), and Monash University (9 studies). High-frequency words of hot areas covered job satisfaction, occupational burnout, and mental health. Meanwhile the words environment (0.38) and social support (0.13) had high betweenness centrality. A total of 9 clusters were formed. Risk factors and supporting strategies were put in place most focused frontiers. ConclusionThe number of papers in the field of primary healthcare workers burnout is on the rise, the international research hotspots are expanding and the predictors of burnout are prominent. From an international perspective, the study provides further reference for Chinese primary healthcare staff job burnout research.
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Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of different types of selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) pregnant women under expectant management, including the natural evolution, typing conversion and perinatal outcomes. Methods: The clinical data of 153 pregnant women with sIUGR under expected treatment in Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2014 to December 2018 were collected. Maternal characteristics including maternal age, gravidity, parity, method of conception, pregnancy complication, gestational age at delivery, indication for delivery, birth weight, the rate of intrauterine and neonatal death and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Pregnant women with sIUGR were divided into three types according to end-diastolic umbilical artery flow Doppler ultrasonography, and the differences of typing conversion and perinatal outcomes of sIUGR pregnant women based on the first diagnosis were compared. Results: (1) Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes: among 153 pregnant women with sIUGR, 100 cases (65.3%) were diagnosed with type Ⅰ, 35 cases (22.9%) with type Ⅱ, and 18 cases (11.8%) with type Ⅲ. There were no significant differences in age, conception mode, pregnancy complications, first diagnosis gestational age, characteristics of umbilical cord insertion, delivery indications, fetal intrauterine mortality and neonatal mortality among three types of sIUGR pregnant women (all P>0.05). The average gestational age at delivery of type Ⅰ sIUGR was (33.5±1.9) weeks, which was significantly later than those of type Ⅱ and Ⅲ [(31.3±1.8), (31.2±1.1) weeks, P<0.001]. The percentage disordance in estimated fetal weight (EFW) of type Ⅰ sIUGR was significantly lower than those of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ (P<0.001). The incidence rate of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, cerebral leukomalacia and respiratory complications of both fetus and necrotizing enterocolitis of large fetus in type Ⅰ were significantly lower than those in type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ (all P<0.05). (2) Typing conversion: in 100 cases of type Ⅰ sIUGR, 18 cases progressed to type Ⅱ and 10 cases progressed to type Ⅲ. Compared with 72 stable type Ⅰ sIUGR, those with progressed type Ⅰ sIUGR had higher incidence of NICU admission and lung disease in both fetuses, and cerebral leukomalacia and necrotizing enterocolitis in large fetus (all P<0.05). The proportion of inconsistent cord insertion was significantly higher in those type Ⅰ progressed to type Ⅲ (6/10) than in those with stable type Ⅰ (19.4%, 14/72) and type Ⅰ progressed to type Ⅱ sIUGR [0 (0/18), P=0.001]. Four cases of type Ⅱ sIUGR reversed to type Ⅰ and 6 cases reversed to type Ⅲ. Compared with type Ⅱ reversed to type Ⅰ sIUGR, those stable type Ⅱ and type Ⅱ reversed to type Ⅲ sIUGR had a higher incidence of NICU admission in large fetus (P<0.05). Two cases of type Ⅲ sIUGR reversed to type Ⅰ and 6 cases progressed to type Ⅱ. There were no significant differences in fetal serious complications in type Ⅲ sIUGR with or without doppler changes (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The different types of sIUGR could convert to each other. The frequency of ultrasound examinations should be increased for patients with the type Ⅰ sIUGR, especially when the percentage discordance in EFW is substantial or with discordant cord insersion.
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Pregnancy , Female , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Fetal Growth Retardation/epidemiology , Pregnancy Outcome , Retrospective Studies , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing , Twins, Monozygotic , Umbilical Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Gestational Age , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Pregnancy, TwinABSTRACT
Objective:To study the value of CT texture analysis (CTTA) parameters in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.Methods:From May. 2020 to Oct. 2021, 110 patients with thyroid nodules in the background of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in the Radiology Department of Nanjing Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine were selected, and CTTA was performed. CTTA parameters (entropy value, peak state and skewness) were counted. The pathological diagnosis results were taken as the "gold standard". Statistical pathological examination results were used to compare the general clinical characteristics and CTTA parameters of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to analyze the diagnostic value of CTTA parameters for thyroid nodules.Results:According to the clinicopathological examination, 43 of 110 patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were malignant, accounting for 39.09%. Among them, 22 were papillary carcinoma, 13 were follicular carcinoma, 6 were medullary carcinoma, and 2 were malignant lymphoma; 67 cases were benign, accounting for 60.91%, including 32 nodular goiters, 20 Hashimoto’s nodules, 8 thyroid adenomas, and 7 focal inflammation. The levels of TSH, irregular shape, blurry border and calcification in patients with malignant thyroid nodules were higher than those in patients with benign thyroid nodules ( t/ χ2=13.167, 18.364, 20.180,17.621, P<0.001). In the background of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, there was no significant difference in the peak and skewness of CTTA parameters between benign and malignant thyroid nodules ( t=1.633, 1.382, P=0.105, 0.170). The entropy value of patients with malignant thyroid nodules was higher than that of patients with benign thyroid nodules, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=9.862, P<0.001). ROC analysis showed that the cut-off value of entropy value for diagnosing benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 6.28, AUC value was 0.909, 95% CI was 0.839-0.955, sensitivity was 86.05% (37/43), and specificity was 88.06% (69/67) . Conclusion:CTTA parameters in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients with benign and malignant thyroid nodules are different, and CTTA parameters have certain diagnostic value for benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
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Objective:To study the clinical and genetic characteristics of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) in neonates.Methods:From January 2016 to August 2022, neonates with WAS admitted to the neonatal department of our hospital were studied.Their clinical features, laboratory findings, genetic characteristics and clinical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 11 neonates(all male) were included. The mothers of 3 neonates had thrombocytopenia during pregnancy. The presenting symptoms included isolated bloody stool (4 cases), jaundice (3 cases), bloody stool with petechiae, bloody stool with hematemesis, cough and fever(1 case each). Eczema appeared from 6 d to 3 months after birth and in 6 cases during the neonatal period. None of the 11 cases had serious infection during the neonatal period. 9 cases had infection from 8 d to 5 months and 2 cases had not been infected until the last follow-up. Genetic sequencing showed four frameshift variants(c.30dupC, c.205dupT, c.1340_1343dupC and c.673_674delA), four nonsense variants(c.37C>T, c.295C>T, c.889C>T and c.823G>T) and three missense variants(c.134C>T, c.397G>A and c.341T>C). Pedigree verification of variants found 10 cases were inherited from their mothers and 1 case was de novo variant.Conclusions:WAS is characterized by bloody stool and eczema in the neonatal period, mostly without serious infections and lacking specific manifestations. Genetic screening for early identification of unexplained thrombocytopenia in male newborns should be performed as early as possible.
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BACKGROUND@#Managing acute postoperative pain is challenging for anesthesiologists, surgeons, and patients, leading to adverse events despite making significant progress. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) is a recommended solution, where oxycodone has depicted unique advantages in recent years. However, controversy still exists in clinical practice and this study aimed to compare two drugs in PCIA.@*METHODS@#We performed a literature search in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP databases up to December 2020 to select specific randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of oxycodone with sufentanil in PCIA. The analgesic effect was the primary outcome and the secondary outcome included PCIA consumption, the Ramsay sedation scale, patients' satisfaction and side effects.@*RESULTS@#Fifteen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with sufentanil, oxycodone showed lower Numerical Rating Scale scores (mean difference [MD] = -0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.01 to -0.41; P < 0.001; I2 = 93%), demonstrated better relief from visceral pain (MD = -1.22, 95% CI: -1.58 to -0.85; P < 0.001; I2 = 90%), promoted a deeper sedative level as confirmed by the Ramsay Score (MD = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.35-1.19; P < 0.001; I2 = 97%), and resulted in fewer side effects (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.35-0.60; P < 0.001; I2 = 11%). There was no statistical difference in the degree of patients' satisfaction (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.88-1.44; P = 0.33; I2 = 72%) and drug consumption (MD = -5.55, 95% CI: -14.18 to 3.08; P = 0.21; I2 = 93%).@*CONCLUSION@#Oxycodone improves postoperative analgesia and causes fewer adverse effects, and could be recommended for PCIA, especially after abdominal surgeries.@*REGISTRATION@#PROSPERO; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; CRD42021229973.