ABSTRACT
Overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture, husbandry and healthcare has led to antibiotics residues in the enviuronment and the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria that can be transferred into the human gut through food chain. Based on literatures, we reviewed the influence of bacterial resistance on intestinal flora and related immune regulation. Taking the source of antibiotic resistance to human intestinal flora as an entry point, we addressed the structure of human intestinal flora and the composition of drug resistance genes after exposure to pollutants. Moreover, we discussed the relationship among changes of intestinal flora, antibiotic resistance genes and immunomodulation related diseases. Last, we also indicated future research needs.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of enteral microecopharmaceutics nutrition supplement (EMN) on incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia complications,inflammatory responses,and prognoses in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) undergoing ventilator therapy.Methods From January 2016 to September 2017,70 patients with sTBI were randomly divided into an experimental group (EMN supplement,n=35) and a control group (n=35).Early enteral nutrition was given to patients from both groups,and bifidobacterium viable capsule was given to patients from the experimental group.Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores,acute physiological and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores,number of white blood cells (WBC),proportion of neutrophil (N),and serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared between the two groups on admission and 14 d after treatment.The incidence of VAP and clinical pulmonary infection scale (CPIS) scores,pulmonary function,mechanical ventilation time and hospital stays were compared 14 d after treatment.Results The incidence of VAP in the experimental group (n=17,51%) 14 d after EMN supplement was significantly lower as compared with that in the control group (n=22,63%,P<0.05).Meanwhile,VAP patients from the experimental group had significantly lower CPIS scores as compared with patients from control group (P<0.05).Ventilator weaning was achieved in 29 patients from experimental group (83%) and 24 patients from control group (69%),with significant difference (P<0.05);ventilator weaning patients from the experimental group had significantly improved lung function as compared with ventilator weaning patients from control group (P<0.05).WBC number,N proportion,and serum PCT and CRP levels in the experimental group were significantly smaller/decreased as compared with those in the control group (P<0.05).As compared with patients from control group,patients from the experimental group had significantly higher GCS scores (8.35±0.51 vs.9.48±0.48,P<0.05) and significantly lower APACHE II scores (12.58±0.78 vs.14.68±0.97,P<0.05).Conclusion EMN supplement can effectively reduce the VAP incidence,alleviate the degree of infection and inflammatory response in patients with sTBI undergoing ventilator therapy,therefore,improve the prognosis;this method is worth of promotion.
ABSTRACT
This paper aimed to research on return visit and investigation of the relapse rate of children allergic purpura after treatment. Children with allergic purpura were divided into two groups. The treatment group was treated with the adrenocorticotrophic hormone while the control group did not. We tracked and observed two groups of discharged children in the first month and the second month. It can be found that, at the first month, 5 cases recurred in the treatment group with 20 cases, the relapse rate was 25%, 1 case recurred in control group, the relapse rate was 5%; at the second month, 2 cases recurred in treatment group, the relapse rate was 10%, no case recurred in the control group. There were 8 cases recurred in the past two months, and there were no replase after the second time treatment. In contrast, the children, who treated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone, had higher relapse rate, while the control group had lower relapse rate. Then we can get the conclusion that, the application of adrenocorticotrophic hormone may be one of the main reasons to induce the allergic purpura and we should notice and discuss this conclusion in the clinical practice
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the common causes of epilepsy and the etiologic characteristics in different age groups of patients with epilepsy.Methods A retrospective survey was made in 5572 epilepsy patients in Epileptic Center of Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital from January 2003 to December 2009.According to the diagnostic criteria published in 2005 from ILAE,all the diagnoses of 5572 cases were made by epileptic specialists.Based on history,cranial MRI or CT and pathologic data,causes of epilepsy were classified into idiopathic,symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy.The cases of symptomatic epilepsy were further arranged into different categories in different age grades,such as head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system, cerebral vascular disease, brain tumor, disorders of cortical development,neurocutaneous syndrome and others.The cases with febrile seizures and family history were collected,and positive ratio of febrile seizures and family history were contrasted in different categories of cases by Kruskal-Wallis test ( nonparametric test ).Results In 5572 cases,66 were idiopathic,2834 symptomatic,2672 cryptogenic,and the ratio of these causes was 1%,51%,48% respectively.Among 2834 cases of symptomatic epilepsy,822 were head trauma,497 were perinatal injuries,360 were infection in central nervous system,249 were brain tumor,150 were cerebral vascular disease,135 were disorders of cortical development,62 were neurocutaneous syndrome and 559 were others. In brief,head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system,brain tumor and cerebral vascular disease were top 5 causes of symptomatic epilepsy. Hippocampal sclerosis was found in 744 cases in those of eryptogenic epilepsy.The importance of febrile seizures( idiopathic:15.2% ( 10/66 ),symptomatic:6.5% ( 185/2834 ),cryptogenic:9.4% ( 250/2672 ) ; x2 =181.393,P =0.000 ) and family history ( idiopathic:83.3% ( 55/66 ),symptomatic:1.1% (31/2834),cryptogenic:0.4% (12/2672) ; x2 =68.354,P =0.000) was statistically different in different causes of epilepsy.Febrile seizures was the most frequent in cases with hippocampal sclerosis than those with other causes,and family history was the most frequent in neurocutaneous syndrome in symptomatic cases.Perinatal injurics was thc first causc in cases of infancy and childhood,head trauma was the top one in those of juvenile and adulthood,and cerebral vascular disease was the main cause in senile cases. Conclusions In the whole epileptic cases of 5572, 1% was idiopathic,51% was symptomatic,and 48% cryptogenic. The main causes of them were head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system,brain tumor,and cerebral vascular disease.