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1.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559172

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe two cases of patients who had thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) associated with sickle cell disease (SCD). Case description: Both patients started with a painful crisis and had acute chest syndrome during hospitalization. They showed significant worsening of hemolytic anemia, with very high levels of lactate dehydrogenase, thrombocytopenia, lowered level of consciousness, organ damage and the presence of schistocytes in peripheral blood. Due to the possibility of TMA, despite the very rare association with SCD, they were treated with fresh frozen plasma replacement and plasmapheresis, with good response. Comments: TMA is a serious, life-threatening disease, characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and organ damage. The association of SCD and TMA is difficult to diagnose, since they can share a similar clinical presentation. Recognizing this association and promptly instituting treatment may impact the survival of these patients.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever dois casos de pacientes que apresentaram microangiopatia trombótica (MAT) associada à doença falciforme (DF). Descrição do caso: Ambos os pacientes iniciaram com crise dolorosa e apresentaram síndrome torácica aguda durante a internação. Eles apresentaram piora significativa da anemia hemolítica, com níveis muito elevados de lactato desidrogenase, trombocitopenia, rebaixamento do nível de consciência, lesão de órgãos e presença de esquistócitos no sangue periférico. Diante da possibilidade de MAT, apesar da associação muito rara com DF, eles foram tratados com reposição de plasma fresco congelado e plasmaférese, com boa resposta. Comentários: A MAT é uma doença grave e com risco de vida, caracterizada por anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia e danos a órgãos. A associação de DF e MAT é de difícil diagnóstico, pois as duas podem ter apresentação clínica semelhante, portanto reconhecer essa associação e instituir o tratamento prontamente pode ter grande impacto na sobrevida desses pacientes.

2.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 22(2): 84-87, abr.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959887

ABSTRACT

Resumen La microangiopatía trombótica asociada a cáncer (MTAC) comprende la presencia de anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia y lesión isquémica de órganos en pacientes con neoplasia de origen conocido o desconocido. Su diagnóstico es desafiante pues suele ser confundido con la púrpura trombocitopénica trombótica, que es la causa más frecuente de microangiopatía trombótica en pacientes sanos. La MTAC puede ser manifestación de la neoplasia en sí misma o manifestación de complicación de la quimioterapia, por lo que tiene un pronóstico pobre. A continuación se presenta el caso de una paciente que desarrolló MTAC en el contexto de cáncer metastásico de origen primario desconocido.


Abstract Cancer-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (CATM) consists of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and ischaemic end organ-damage in patients with a known or unknown primary malignancy. Its diagnosis is challenging, as it is sometimes confused with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, which is the most common cause of thrombotic microangiopathy in healthy patients. CATM can be a manifestation of the malignancy itself or a chemotherapy-related complication, with these patients having a poor prognosis. A case is presented of a patient who developed CATM in the context of metastatic cancer with an unknown primary site.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thrombocytopenia , Thrombotic Microangiopathies , Anemia, Hemolytic , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic , Neoplasms
3.
Med. interna Méx ; 34(3): 394-402, may.-jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-976082

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El síndrome hemolítico urémico es una microangiopatía trombótica caracterizada por anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia y daño renal agudo. El síndrome hemolítico urémico típico (el más común) es ocasionado por bacterias productoras de la toxina Shiga, típicamente por cepas de Escherichia coli. El término síndrome hemolítico urémico atípico se usa para referirse a los pacientes que padecen este cuadro por causas diferentes. Las manifestaciones clínicas y paraclínicas no son suficientes para diferenciar el síndrome hemolítico urémico atípico de otras microangiopatías trombóticas, por lo que la determinación de la actividad de ADAMTS13 y la prueba de la toxina Shiga resultan esenciales para establecer el diagnóstico preciso. Aunque en la actualidad el diagnóstico definitivo requiere confirmación genética, las pruebas genéticas son costosas y poco útiles para el diagnóstico inicial; sin embargo, más que importancia diagnóstica, tiene gran valor pronóstico, permite prescribir el tratamiento adecuado disminuyendo significativamente la morbilidad y mortalidad atribuibles a esta enfermedad.


Abstract: The haemolytic uraemic syndrome is a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal injury. The typical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (tHUS, the most common) is caused by bacteria that produce Shiga toxin, typically strains of Escherichia coli. On the other hand, the term atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is used to refer to those patients who develop this condition due to different etiologies. The clinical and paraclinical manifestations are not enough to differentiate the aHUS from other thrombotic microangiopathies, so the determination of the activity of ADAMTS13 and the Shiga toxin test are essential to establish the precise diagnosis. Although currently the diagnosis requires genetic confirmation, the genetic tests are expensive and not very useful for the initial diagnosis; however, more than diagnostic importance, it has a great prognostic value allowing establishing an adequate management and significantly reducing the morbidity and mortality attributable to this condition.

4.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 34(1): 242-252, ene.-mar. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841447

ABSTRACT

ResumenLa hemoglobinuria paroxística nocturna es una anemia hemolítica crónica, adquirida, poco común, que afecta con igual frecuencia ambos sexos. Se manifiesta a cualquier edad y con mayor incidencia en países del sudeste asiático. Es el resultado de la expansión clonal no maligna de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. Se caracteriza por anemia hemolítica intravascular, tendencia a la trombosis y un componente variable de insuficiencia medular.Se asocia a otras patologías hematológicas como anemia aplásica y síndrome mielodisplásico. La citometría de flujo es el método de elección para diagnóstico. El eculizumab y el trasplante de médula ósea alogénico son las únicas terapias efectivas.


Abstract:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a rare acquired chronic hemolytic anemia, which affects both sexes with equal frequency. It occurs at any age and more frequently in Southeast Asian countries. It is the result of non malignant clonal expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells. It is characterized by intravascular hemolytic anemia, recurrent thrombosis and a variable component of bone marrow failure. It is associated with other hematologic disorders such as aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Flow cytometry is the method of choice for diagnosis. Eculizumab and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is the only effective therapies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Proteinuria/complications , Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal/diagnosis , Bacteriuria/complications , Costa Rica , Myoglobinuria/complications
5.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 30(6): 505-506, nov.-dez. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-508161

ABSTRACT

Relatamos caso raro de anemia hemolítica microangiopática em paciente após transplante hepático por cirrose Child B causada por deficiência de alfa1-antitripsina. Após análise clínica e laboratorial extensa, concluiu-se que o quadro de hemólise foi causado pela medicação imunossupressora utilizada após transplante. Inicialmente foi utilizado tacrolimus que, posteriormente, foi substituído por ciclosporina A, entretanto não houve melhora da hemólise. Após suspensão das duas drogas, houve melhora importante clínica do paciente, com normalização dos parâmetros hematológicos.


We report a rare case of acute hemolysis in a patient after liver transplant for Child B cirrhosis caused by alfa1-antitripsine deficiency. History and laboratorial examinations indicated that the most probable cause of the hemolysis was the use of the immunosupressor tacrolimus and later Cyclosporine A. After the discontinuation of these drugs, there was improvement in the clinical condition of the patient, with a compensated hemolytic anemia.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Hemolytic , Patients , Fibrosis , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Liver Transplantation , Tacrolimus , Cyclosporine , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Hemolysis
6.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 30(4): 335-338, jul.-ago. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-496250

ABSTRACT

Anemia hemolítica microangiopática associado à trombocitopenia participa de um grupo de doenças que freqüentemente apresentam suas características clínicas muito semelhantes, sendo difícil distingui-las. A síndrome hemolítico-urêmica é dividida em duas apresentações: a forma não esporádica, que acomete comumente crianças após infecção bacteriana causando diarréia sanguinolenta, possui bom prognóstico; e a forma esporádica, que acomete adultos, sendo bem descritos casos em mulheres pósparto, é a forma sistêmica de trombocitopenia microangiopática de pior prognóstico com alta morbidade e mortalidade, cuja falência renal é o distúrbio predominante. Relatamos um caso de síndrome hemolítico-urêmica pós-parto em paciente previamente sadia, que apresentou quadro de insuficiência renal, anemia hemolítica e trombocitopenia. Instituída a terapêutica de suporte adequada e precocemente, a paciente evoluiu satisfatoriamente com normalização dos níveis pressóricos e recuperação da função renal.


Microangiopathic hemolytic associated with thrombocytopenia is part of a disease group that frequently show likeness and that's why become difficult to separate them. There are two types of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS); the non sporadic type and the epidemic or "typical" type that is common on childreen that is associated with diarrhea and infection caused by verotoxinaproducing E. coli with a good prognostic; and the sporadic postpartum period. It is the systemic type of mocroangiophatic thrombocytopenia of poor prognostic with high morbidity and mortality which renal failure is the main disturb. We reported a case of HUS occuring in postpartum previously healthy, that showed abrupt renal failure, hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. After proper therapy the patient developed a normal blood pressure and recovery renal function.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Anemia, Hemolytic , Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome , Postpartum Period , Renal Insufficiency , Thrombocytopenia
7.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-628528

ABSTRACT

La púrpura trombocitopénica trombótica (PTT) es una enfermedad caracterizada por anemia hemolítica microangiopática, trombocitopenia, manifestaciones neurológicas fluctuantes y trastornos renales. La oclusión de arteriolas y capilares por microtrombos compuestos fundamentalmente por plaquetas, es típica de este trastorno, y consecuencia de la presencia de grandes multímeros de factor von Willebrand (Fv W), presumiblemente debido a la disminución de la actividad de la enzima ADAMTS13, encargada de escindir estos multímeros. El diagnóstico precoz de la PTT permite un tratamiento rápido y eficaz de este trastorno, elemento decisivo para evitar la evolución fatal de estos enfermos. La presencia de anemia y trombocitopenia no explicada por otros procesos patológicos, debe hacer sospechar el diagnóstico. El recambio plasmático es la terapéutica más efectiva y se considera el tratamiento de elección de la PTT. El uso de inmunosupresores asociados con el recambio plasmático ha sido recomendado en algunos casos. En la actualidad, el Rituximab se considera un tratamiento adicional de la PTT.


The thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura is a disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thombocytopenia , fluctuating neurological manifestations, and renal disorders. The occlusion of arterioles and capillars by microthrombi mainly composed of platelets is typical of this disorder and a consequence of the presence of large von Willebrand factor multimers, due presumptively to the reduction of the activity of the enzyme ADAMTS13 that is in charge of splitting these multimers.The early diagnosis of TTP allows a fast and efficient treatment of this disorder, a decisive element to prevent the fatal evolution of these patients. The presence of anemia and thrombocytopenia nonexplained by other pathological processes makes us suspect the diagnosis. The plasmatic turnover is the most effective therapeutics, and it should be considered the elective treatment of TTP. The use of immunosuppressors associated with the plasmatic turnover has been recommended in some cases. Nowadays, rituximab is regarded as an additional treatment of TTP.

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