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SUMMARY: Our team has modified Sihler's intramuscular nerve staining method to allow for calculation of nerve density. Therefore, this study aimed to show the overall distribution pattern of the thoracic cutaneous nerves to provide a morphological basis for selecting and matching sensory reconstruction during skin flap transplantation. Twelve Chinese adult cadavers were dissected; the thoracic skin was removed, and the modified Sihler's staining method was performed. Centered around the nipple, the chest skin was divided into four regions: medial-superior, lateral-superior, lateral-inferior, and medial-inferior. The thoracic skin was not only innervated by the branches of the 1st to 7th intercostal and supraclavicular nerves, but also by a small number of nerves that directly reached the skin and passed through the pectoralis major muscle. There is a phenomenon of cross overlap between the branches of adjacent intercostal nerves. The branches of the 2nd to 7th intercostal nerves were distributed in the breast, and the branches of the lateral and anterior cutaneous branches were densely distributed around the nipple, forming a grid-like anastomosis. There was no cross-overlapping innervation between the anterior cutaneous branches on both sides. The density of nerve distribution in the four regions of the chest was in the order of the medial-superior, lateral-superior, lateral-inferior and medial-inferior region, respectively. These results may be used to map sensory regions when designing thoracic skin flaps for reconstruction surgery to obtain improved sensory recovery.
Nuestro equipo ha modificado el método de tinción nerviosa intramuscular de Sihler para permitir el cálculo de la densidad nerviosa. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo mostrar el patrón de distribución general de los nervios cutáneos torácicos proporcionando una base morfológica para seleccionar y combinar la reconstrucción sensorial durante el trasplante de colgajo de piel. Se diseccionaron 12 cadáveres de individuos adultos chinos. Se eliminó la piel torácica y se realizó el método de tinción de Sihler modificado, centrada alrededor del pezón, la piel del pecho se dividió en cuatro regiones: medial- superior, lateral-superior, lateral-inferior y medial-inferior. La piel torácica no solo estaba inervada por los ramos de los nervios intercostal y supraclavicular 1º a 7º, sino también por un pequeño número de nervios que llegaban directamente a la piel y pasaban a través del músculo pectoral mayor. Existe un fenómeno de superposición cruzada entre los ramos de los nervios intercostales adyacentes. Los ramos de los nervios intercostales 2º a 7º se distribuyeron en la mama, y los ramos de los ramos cutáneos lateral y anterior se distribuyeron densamente alrededor del pezón, formando una anastomosis en forma de rejilla. No hubo inervación cruzada entre los ramos cutáneos anteriores en ambos lados. La densidad de la distribución nerviosa en las cuatro regiones del tórax estaba en el orden de región medial-superior, lateral-superior, lateral-inferior y medial-inferior, respectivamente. Estos resultados pueden ser útiles para mapear regiones sensoriales al diseñar colgajos de piel torácicos para utilizarlos en cirugía de reconstrucción y obtener así una mejor recuperación sensorial.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Skin/innervation , Staining and Labeling , Thorax/innervation , Surgical Flaps/innervation , Cadaver , Coloring AgentsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the related influencing factors of androgenic alopecia(AGA)in young women(FAGA).Methods A total of 296 cases of FAGA initially diagnosed in the dermatology clinic of this hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected as the observation group,and 296 young women without suffering from FAGA in the physical examination of this hospital at the same time were selected as the control group.The clinical data were compared between the two groups and the influencing factors causing FAGA in young women were analyzed.Results The familial inheritance history,often staying up,sleep disor-der,like to eat high carbohydrate food,like to eat high fat food,high mental stress,going on a diet,irregular menstruation,childbearing history and complicating other diseases had statistical differences between the two groups(P＜0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the familial inheritance history,often staying up,sleep disorder,like to eat high carbohydrate food,like to eat high fat food,high men-tal stress,going on a diet,irregular menstruation,childbearing history and complicating other diseases were the independent risk factors leading to FAGA(P＜0.05).Conclusion It is necessary to do a good job in the complicating disease screening of young female hair loss groups and pay attention to the related risk factors.
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Objective To investigate the associations between preconception dietary patterns(DPs)among Chinese women of childbearing age and neonatal birth weight.Methods The subjects selected for the questionnaire survey and follow-up were women of childbearing age who underwent prenatal eugenic examination at Jiang'an Maternal and Child Health Hospi-tal.Dietary intake information was collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire,dietary patterns were extrac-ted by principal component analysis,and the relationship between DPs and birth weight was analyzed by modified Poisson re-gression or linear regression models.Results The final analysis of 221 maternal and infant pairs showed that women who fol-lowed the"nuts-poultry"pattern,one of the four dietary patterns,had a lower risk of delivering large for gestational age(LGA)infants(RR:0.25;95％CI:0.08-0.79),which was more pronounced in those who delivered male infants(RR:0.14;95％CI:0.03-0.72).Conclusion The risk of having LGA newborn is decreased in woman who takes a preconception dietary pattern characterized by nuts and poultry,which is more pronounced in those delivering male infants.Females of childbearing age should maintain good dietary habits before conception to ensure proper growth and development of the fetus and reduce the risk of ad-verse birth outcomes.
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BACKGROUND:Lower limb peri-knee muscle strength training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation are generally safe and effective rehabilitation methods for patellofemoral joint pain,but the mechanism of their intervention is still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of muscle strength training combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on pain,lower extremity function and biomechanical characteristics in patients with patellofemoral pain. METHODS:Thirty-seven patients with patellofemoral pain were randomly divided into muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation group(trial group,n=19)and muscle strength training group(control group,n=18).Both groups underwent intervention training for 6 weeks,three times a week.The visual analog scale and anterior knee pain scale were used to evaluate the pain level and functional level of the knee.Kinematic and kinetics data during running were collected by using an infrared motion capture system and a three-dimensional force platform simultaneously.A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures(group*time)was applied to analyze the data. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After the intervention,the visual analog scale scores of the trial group and the control group were significantly decreased(P<0.001),and the anterior knee pain scale scores were significantly increased(Ptrial group<0.001,Pcontrol group=0.001)in the trial group and control group.The anterior knee pain scale scores of the trial group were significantly higher compared to the control group after the intervention(P=0.001).(2)The peak knee flexion angle(P=0.011),peak knee extension moment(P<0.001),the peak knee internal rotation moment(P=0.008),the peak patellofemoral stress(P<0.001)and the peak patellofemoral contact force(P<0.001)were significantly decreased in the trial and control groups during running after the intervention compared with those before the intervention.(3)In conclusion,both muscle strength training and muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation training are helpful to improve the subjective pain and lower limb function of patellofemoral pain patients,enhance the movement pattern during running and reduce the stress of the patellofemoral joint.Compared with muscle strength training alone,muscle strength training combined with electrical stimulation can improve lower limb function more significantly.
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BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that clear aligners can achieve molar distalization effectively,but it is not yet clear how the vertical dimensions change in patients with different vertical craniofacial patterns after molar distalization. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of molar distalization with clear aligners on occlusal vertical dimension in different vertical craniofacial patterns. METHODS:Forty patients(13 cases of Class Ⅰ malocclusion,20 cases of Class Ⅱ malocclusion,and 7 cases of Class Ⅲ malocclusion)were selected,including 13 cases in the high angle group,17 cases in the average angle group,and 10 cases in the low angle group.Among them,the age ranged from 10 to 53 years,with an average of 28.5 years.All patients were subjected to clear aligners for molar distalization.Lateral cephalometric films were taken before and after treatment.Cephalometric measurements,including the sagittal and vertical indicators of teeth and jaws,were measured by the same orthodontist,and each indicator was measured 3 times and averaged. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After orthodontic treatment,the crowded dentition was corrected,the overbite and overjet were back to normal and the lateral profile was improved significantly in all 40 patients.The GoGn-SN in the high angle group decreased by 0.4°,while the GoGn-SN in the average and low angle groups increased by less than 1°,the ANS-Me in the three groups increased by less than 1 mm.There was no statistically significant difference before and after treatment.There was a statistically significant decrease in the U6-PP in the low angle group by 0.47 mm(P<0.01).The L1-MP and the U1-SN in the average angle group significantly decreased by 0.83 mm(P<0.05)and by 6.46°(P<0.001),respectively.In conclusion,molar distalization with clear aligner treatment can control the vertical dimension effectively,prevent clockwise mandibular rotation,and maintain the lower face height.Patients with high angle can also undergo invisible orthodontics to distal molars.The realization rate of the anterior tooth intrusion movement by using clear aligners is insufficient,and the intrusion design should be increased to prevent the elongation phenomenon in anterior teeth.
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BACKGROUND:Percutaneous vertebroplasty has become the main treatment method for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures due to its advantages of convenient operation and low trauma.However,the optimal bone cement-vertebral volume ratio has not been determined. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of bone cement-vertebral volume ratio on percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. METHODS:The clinical data of 100 patients with single-stage osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures admitted to Xinjiang Bazhou People's Hospital from July 2019 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients received percutaneous vertebroplasty.According to the bone cement-vertebral volume ratio,they were divided into the low volume group(15%≤ratio≤20%)and the high volume group(20%<ratio≤25%)with 50 cases in each group.The visual analog scale score,Oswestry disability index,vertebral anterior margin height,Cobb angle of injured vertebra,bone cement distribution pattern,and bone cement leakage rate were analyzed before surgery,3 days and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the preoperative results,the visual analog scale scores,vertebral anterior margin height,Cobb angle of injured vertebra at 3 days and 1 year after surgery,and Oswestry disability index at 1 year after surgery were significantly improved in 100 patients(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in visual analog scale scores at 3 days and 1 year after surgery and Oswestry disability index at 1 year after surgery between the low volume group and the high volume group(P>0.05).The vertebral anterior margin height in the low volume group was lower than that in the high volume group at 3 days and 1 year after surgery(P<0.05).The Cobb angle of the injured vertebrae in the low volume group was higher than that in the high volume group at 3 days and 1 year after surgery(P<0.05).(2)There were 10 H-type and 40 O-type bone cement distributions in the low volume group.There were 36 H-type and 14 O-type bone cement distributions in the high volume group,and there was no significant difference in bone cement distributions between the two groups(P<0.05).The bone cement leakage rate in the high volume group and low volume group was 10%and 6%,respectively.(3)It is indicated that both low and high bone cement-vertebral volume ratios can improve postoperative pain and functional dysfunction,but high bone cement-vertebral volume ratio can improve the morphological recovery of injured vertebral,which may be related to the fact that the distribution of bone cement in this group is more H-type.
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BACKGROUND:In recent years,as the popularity of long-distance fitness running continues to rise,more research progress has been made on related scientific issues.Among them,the landing pattern of long-distance running is an important biomechanical research hotspot at the level of running technique. OBJECTIVE:Using CiteSpace to visualize and analyze the relevant literature,the article sorts through the last decade's literature on the subject to identify the current state,hot spots,and trends in the footprint as well as to further discuss the main research hotspots of the foot strike pattern from a biomechanical perspective. METHODS:"Foot strike pattern,""Rearfoot strike,""non-Rearfoot strike,""Forefoot strike"and"Midfoot strike"were used as keywords to search the Web of Science Core Collection database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 896 relevant papers were finally included.The number of articles published in a year showed an overall upward trend.The top three countries in terms of the number of publications were the United States,China and the United Kingdom;the top three institutions were Harvard University,Shanghai University of Sports and the University of Massachusetts;and the top three authors were Davis Irene S,Hamill Joseph and Fu Weijie.The keywords"barefoot running,runner,injury,footing pattern,kinesiology"appear more frequently,and the keyword clusters include"energy cost,loading rate,footing pattern,risk factors,gait analysis",and the relevant research still continues to be hot to this day.After analyzing the above data in detail,we found that the overall research intensity of foot strike pattern has remained stable in recent years,and the hotspot mainly focuses on the biomechanical research of foot strike pattern;the trend of this kind of research focuses on the influence and adaptability of different strike patterns(forefoot strike and rearfoot strike)on long-distance runners(barefoot,shoes,distance,speed,injury risk,running economy and energy consumption,etc.).Therefore,there is no"standardized optimal landing,"but there may be"individualized optimal landings."It is suggested that researchers should select the optimal landing pattern and running technique strategy according to their own habitual way,movement pattern characteristics,exercise level and task attributes.
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In September 2022, the American Academy of Ophthalmology released the latest version of Refractive Errors Preferred Practice Pattern? (PPP). It provides authoritative guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of refractive errors based on the best evidence-based medical updates.The new version of Refractive Errors PPP continues the rigorous, comprehensive and detailed features of the 2017 version.Updates have been made to the definition, epidemiology, classification, and diagnosis and correction of refractive errors.For example, the new version of Refractive Errors PPP defines high refractive errors as myopia≥-6.0 D, hyperopia≥+ 3.0 D, astigmatism≥-3.0 D, adds content on myopia prevention and control, recommends outdoor activities for at least 2 hours per day, selects appropriate optical prevention and control methods, and considers the use of low-concentration atropine eye drops to delay the onset and development of myopia.It enriched the evidence-based medical evidence that myopia is an interactive influence of genetic and environmental factors, and emphasized the future pandemic trend of high myopia, and the global public health significance of delaying the progression of myopia.In addition, the new version of Refractive Errors PPP emphasizes for the first time that myopia can cause irreversible visual impairment, suggesting that it is necessary to delay the onset time of myopia in children and slow the speed of myopia progression.This article introduces and interprets the main contents and updates of the new edition of the Refractive Errors PPP.
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Objective To investigate the effects of different foot strike patterns during running on Achilles tendon(AT)morphology and mechanical loading.Methods Fourteen habitual rearfoot strike runners and 14 habitual forefoot strike runners were recruited.Morphological characteristics(tendon length,cross-sectional area,and thickness)of the AT were collected using ultrasound imaging.The AT loading characteristics(plantar flexion moment,tendon force,load rate,impulse,and stress)of subjects wearing cushioned running shoes while running at a speed of 10 km/h were collected and calculated using a three-dimensional force measurement treadmill.Results Compared to habitual rearfoot strike runners,habitual forefoot strike runners showed a significant increase in peak plantar flexion moment of ankle joint,AT peak force,average loading rate,and peak loading rate(P<0.05).However,the differences in AT length,cross-sectional area,and thickness between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions Long-term forefoot strike patterns can adaptively enhance the mechanical loading characteristics of the AT during repetitive stretch-shortening cycles.
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Objective:To analyze factors influencing repigmentation patterns in patients with vitiligo treated with phototherapy.Methods:Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients with vitiligo treated with 308-nm excimer laser or 308-nm excimer lamp at the Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from June 2013 to May 2022. The treatment frequency was thrice weekly, and skin lesions were evaluated via photographs once every 5 sessions of phototherapy. Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test was used to analyze associations between clinical characteristics and vitiligo repigmentation patterns.Results:A total of 223 patients with vitiligo were included in this study, including 109 males (48.9%) and 114 females (51.1%), and their ages ( M [ Q1, Q3]) were 20 (10, 28) years. Among the 223 patients, 170 (76.2%) were treated with 308-nm excimer laser, and 53 (23.8%) with 308-nm excimer lamp. The repigmentation patterns included the perifollicular pattern in 63 cases (28.3%), marginal pattern in 97 (43.5%), diffuse pattern in 36 (16.1%), and mixed pattern in 27 (12.1%). Analysis of the associations between clinical characteristics and vitiligo repigmentation patterns showed no significant differences in the repigmentation patterns among vitiligo patients of different genders or different Fitzpatrick skin types (both P > 0.05) ; however, the diffuse repigmentation pattern more frequently occurred in the patients aged ≤ 12 years compared with those aged > 12 years ( χ2 = 7.71, P = 0.005), in the patients with vitiligo in the progressive stage compared with those in the stable stage ( χ2 = 4.59, P = 0.030), and in lesions without white hair compared with those with white hair ( χ2 = 6.75, P = 0.009) ; the mixed repigmentation pattern more frequently occurred in the patients with segmental vitiligo compared with those with non-segmental vitiligo ( χ2 = 11.76, P = 0.001) ; the marginal repigmentation pattern more frequently occurred in lesions on the face and neck ( χ2 = 15.82, P<0.001) and extremities ( χ2 = 11.85, P = 0.001) compared with lesions on the trunk; the perifollicular repigmentation pattern more frequently occurred in the patients with stable vitiligo compared with those with progressive vitiligo ( χ2 = 4.70, P = 0.030), and in skin lesions on the trunk compared with those on face and neck ( χ2 = 13.73, P < 0.001) and extremities ( χ2 = 5.49, P = 0.035) ; after 308-nm excimer laser treatment, the proportions of patients with the marginal repigmentation pattern ( χ2 = 12.30, P < 0.001) and those with the diffuse repigmentation pattern ( χ2 = 5.64, P = 0.018) were significantly higher than those after 308-nm excimer lamp treatment, while the proportions of patients with the perifollicular repigmentation pattern ( χ2 = 7.87, P = 0.005) and those with the mixed repigmentation pattern ( χ2 = 17.13, P < 0.001) were significantly higher after 308-nm excimer lamp treatment than those after 308-nm excimer laser treatment. Conclusion:Patients′ age, clinical types and stages of vitiligo, presence or absence of concomitant white hair, skin lesion sites, and phototherapy modalities were factors influencing the repigmentation patterns of vitiligo.
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Objective:To explore expression patterns of transcription factor TFAP2B in epidermal melanocytes of healthy individuals and vitiligo patients.Methods:Lesional tissues were collected from 5 patients confirmedly diagnosed with progressive vitiligo at the Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022. At the same time, some discarded normal skin tissues were obtained from 5 gender- and age-matched healthy individuals after plastic surgeries. The immortalized healthy human epidermal melanocyte cell line PIG1, the vitiligo epidermal melanocyte cell line PIG3V, and primary human epidermal melanocytes, which were isolated from the discarded foreskin tissues of 3 healthy males after urological surgeries in Xijing Hospital, were cultured in vitro. Tissue immunofluorescence assay was performed to determine the expression and localization of TFAP2B and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) in healthy skin tissues and vitiligo lesions, and cell immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis were conducted to determine the TFAP2B expression in human epidermal melanocytes. Comparisons between two groups were performed using t test, and correlation analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results:Tissue immunofluorescence assay showed that TFAP2B was specifically expressed in human epidermal melanocytes and localized in the nuclei. Western blot analysis showed that TFAP2B was strongly expressed in the human epidermal melanocyte cell line PIG1 and primary melanocytes, with the relative expression levels being 0.45 ± 0.05 and 0.36 ± 0.04, respectively. Tissue immunofluorescence analysis showed that the fluorescence intensity of TFAP2B (623 917.5 ± 88 784.0) was significantly and positively correlated with that of DCT (2 232 655.3 ± 588 810.4; r = 0.91, P < 0.001) in human epidermal tissues from 5 healthy controls and 5 vitiligo patients. In addition, the relative fluorescence intensity of TFAP2B in epidermal melanocytes was significantly lower in the vitiligo lesions (0.12 ± 0.05) than in the healthy skin tissues (1, t = 19.35, P < 0.001). Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression level of TFAP2B was also significantly lower in the PIG3V cells (0.62 ± 0.09) than in the PIG1 cells (1, t = 5.92, P < 0.027) . Conclusions:TFAP2B was specifically and highly expressed in human epidermal melanocytes, and its expression level was significantly and positively correlated with that of the melanocyte marker DCT. Additionally, TFAP2B was obviously lowly expressed in the epidermal melanocytes of patients with vitiligo.
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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of filiform needle combined with fire needles for cervical radiculopathy(CR)due to wind-cold obstructing the meridians. Methods:A total of 60 patients with CR due to wind-cold obstructing the meridians were randomized into an observation group and a control group,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with filiform needle treatment,and the observation group was treated with additional fire needle point-pricking treatment.The visual analog scale(VAS)and 20-point scale of CR developed by Yasuhisa TANAKA(YT-20)were scored before treatment and after 1,2,3,and 4 weeks of treatments.The tenderness threshold was measured.The local skin temperature was measured by an infrared thermal imager.A safety evaluation was performed after treatment. Results:After treatment,the VAS score in the observation group at each time point was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).The YT-20 score,tenderness threshold,and local skin temperature in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The VAS score in the observation group at each time point after treatment was lower than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the YT-20 score,tenderness threshold,and local skin temperature at each time point were higher than those before treatment(P<0.05).After 3 and 4 weeks of treatments,the VAS score in the control group was lower than that before treatment(P<0.05),and the YT-20 score,tenderness threshold,and local skin temperature were higher than those before treatment(P<0.05).The group factor effects of VAS and YT-20 scores,tenderness threshold,and local skin temperature between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the time effect and the interaction effect between time and group(P>0.05). Conclusion:Filiform needle combined with fire needle or applied alone both can relieve neck pain in patients with CR due to wind-cold obstructing the meridians,and improve the temperature of the neck.The combination of filiform needle and fire needle works more quickly and has better efficacy.
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[Objective]To summarize the clinical experience of Professor JIA Yingjie,a renowned traditional Chinese medicine practitioner in the treatment of esophageal cancer.[Methods]Through clinical following up,collect and analyze Professor JIA's understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of esophageal cancer and related medication,and a case of was attached as evidence.[Results]Professor JIA believes that the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer can be summarized as"phlegm coagulation and Qi stagnation"in the early stage,"primitive deficiency"in the late stage as a whole,"phlegm and blood stasis intermingle,Qi and blood stasis obstruct the diaphragm"in local areas,phlegm,Qi,and blood stasis solidify and poison transform into cancer turbidity,and block and form tumors.Clinical differentiation and treatment should always focus on"Qi",with a particular emphasis on regulating the"Qi mechanism".The lungs,spleen and liver are in sync,and dynamic differentiation and treatment should be carried out based on the characteristics of the patient's tongue and pulse.Medication should emphasize the use of"strengthening the body resistance righting"and"dispelling pathogenic factors"to achieve the dissipation of blood stasis,the elimination of cancer toxins and the opening of the diaphragm.[Conclusion]Based on the characteristics of esophageal cancer and the patient's physical constitution,Professor JIA combines disease and syndrome differentiation in treating esophageal cancer,providing a certain reference value and new path for clinical medication.
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[Objective]To explore the construction measures of a new pattern of tutor-postgraduate relationship under the background of striving for"double first-class"traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)university,in order to continuously improve the quality of postgraduate training in TCM universities.[Methods]Under the background of striving for"double first-class"TCM universities,this paper introduces the practical significance of building a good mentoring relationship,and analyzes the outstanding problems existing in the mentoring relationship in the current TCM universities from the perspective of tutors and postgraduates-the two main subjects.[Results]Through the establishment of a good mentoring relationship,the tutor-postgraduate relationship has generally been positively influenced,and the communication between teachers and students has become closer and more efficient.Through a series of positive incentive mechanisms,tutors are more active in providing support and help to postgraduates in academic guidance,academic guidance and life care,and postgraduates are more active in cooperating with tutors in various scientific research work.The quantity and quality of academic papers published by postgraduates have been significantly improved,and the scientific research and teaching work of the tutor team have been carried out more efficiently with remarkable progress.[Conclusion]Starting from the three aspects of strengthening the positive core value of"respecting teachers and medicine",perfecting the relevant system and correcting the imbalance of the tutor-postgraduate relationship,the School of Basic Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University focuses on exploring the new mode of building a good tutor-postgraduate relationship,and puts forward feasible suggestions through a series of measures.This mode has significantly improved the tutor-postgraduate relationship.It not only plays a positive role in improving postgraduates'professional level and communication-scientific research-innovation ability,but also provides a guarantee for tutors to complete teaching and scientific research work successfully,which is worthy of further improvement and promotion.
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This paper summarized the characteristics of constitution， disease， and syndrome of five different phenotypes of bronchial asthma including allergic asthma， cough variant asthma， chest tightness variant asthma， psychological stress asthma， and hormone-dependent asthma， and systematically expounds the application of three-dimensional diagnosis and treatment pattern， that is differentiation of constitution， disease and syndromes in the five phenotypes of bronchial asthma. It is considered that the allergic constitution is the main one of bronchial asthma， which is usually combined with the constitutions of qi-deficiency， yin-deficiency， yang-deficiency， qi-stagnation and others. In the treatment of bronchial asthma， constitution， disease and syndromes should all be taken into account but applied flexibly according to the order of the urgency and priority. The three-dimensional diagnosis and treatment pattern can reflect the essential characteristics and clinical panorama of bronchial asthma more comprehensively and objectively and provide effective intervention measures and management programs for the prevention and treatment by traditional Chinese medicine.
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ObjectiveTo clarify the relationship between intestinal flora and intestinal motility in rats with slow transit constipation （STC） and qi stagnation syndrome by conducting a pseudo-sterile experiment and fecal microbiota transplantation （FMT） technology. MethodsTwenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group （n=6）， STC with qi stagnation pattern group （n=6） and pseudo-sterile group （n=12）. In the STC group with qi stagnation pattern， 3 mg/kg of loperamide suspension by intragastric administration combined with tail clamping stimulation were performed to establish the rat model of STC with qi stagnation pattern. After successful modeling， fresh feces from the rats in the STC with qi stagnation pattern group and the normal group were collected to prepare 100 mg/ml of fecal bacterial suspension. In the pseudo-sterile group， the antibiotic cocktail method was used （a mixed antibiotic suspension containing bacitracin， streptomycin sulfate， and neomycin sulfate at 20 mg/ml each was administered intragastrically） to establish pseudo-sterile rats model. After successful modeling， the rats were randomly divided into normal fecal bacterial liquid group and STC with qi stagnation pattern fecal bacterial liquid group， with six rats in each group， and then were given 10 ml/kg of the prepared corresponding rat fecal bacterial suspension by gavage. Rats in STC with qi stagnation pattern group were given an equal volume of sterile water by gavage. All groups were administered once a day for 7 consecutive days. The small intestinal propulsion rate of the STC with qi stagnation pattern group， the normal fecal bacterial liquid group， and STC with qi stagnation pattern fecal bacterial liquid group were compared. ELISA method was used to detect serum 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） levels. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expression levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor （5-HT3R） and 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor （5-HT4R） in colon tissue. Western blot method was used to detect the protein expression levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 （TPH1）， tryptophan hydroxylase 2 （TPH2）， serotonin transporter （SERT）， and monoamine oxidase A （MAO-A） in colon tissue. ResultsCompared to those in the normal fecal bacterial liquid group， the small intestinal propulsion rate， serum 5-HT level， positive expression of 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R in colon tissue， and protein expression of TPH1， TPH2， SERT and MAO-A significantly decreased in the STC with qi stagnation pattern group and STC with qi stagnation pattern fecal bacterial liquid group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the indicators between the STC with qi stagnation pattern group and STC with qi stagnation pattern fecal bacterial liquid group （P＞0.05）. ConclusionThe intestinal flora in STC rats with qi stagnation pattern can lead to a slowdown in intestinal transmission function， whose mechanism may be related to intestinal motility disorders affected by the synthesis， transport， metabolism and other pathways of 5-HT.
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This article systematically described the background of the construction of Professor ZHANG Yonghua's theory of emotion-mind pattern identification， the theoretical basis and the ideas of pattern identification and treatment， and its application. The theory is guided by the concept of the unity of body and spirit， focusing on individual endowment and the characteristics of the seven emotions and five minds of the individual， especially the "vexation， constraint， consideration， frightening and sorrow" emotional symptoms， and adherence to the three core disease mechanism "qi， phlegm， fire"， then prescribed based on the patterns， which is suitable for treatment of emotion-mind diseases and related symptoms. For those with "fire" as the main disease mechanism， identify the manifestation of their emotion and mind： patients with impatience， violent rage mostly belong to excess fire， treated with Zhizi Chi Decoction （栀子豉汤）， Longdan Xiegan Decoction （龙胆泻肝汤）； patients with vexation， easy to anger， mostly belong to deficiency fire， treated with Huanglian Ejiao Decoction （黄连阿胶汤）； patients with vexation， constraint anger， mostly belong to constraint fire， treated with Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder （丹栀逍遥散）， Qinlian Wendan Decoction （芩连温胆汤）； patients with overjoy， usually due to exuberance of heart fire， or phlegm clouding the pericardium， treated with Wendan Decoction （温胆汤）， or Diankuang Mengxing Decoction （癫狂梦醒汤）. For those with "phlegm" as the main disease mechanism， accompanied by excessive consideration and thinking， treated with Wendan Decoction. For those with "qi" as the main disease mechanism， Ganmai Dazao Decoction （甘麦大枣汤） is the main treatment for shorter duration of disease， while Banxia Houpo Decoction （半夏厚朴汤） is the main treatment for longer duration of disease.
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@#Introduction: First permanent molars (FPMs) erupt early and their anatomy and location leave them susceptible to dental caries. This study aimed to retrospectively determine the prevalence, severity and pattern of dental caries of FPMs and investigate their relationship if any with demographics and medical health status of the partcipants. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A sample of the digital case notes and radiographs of children aged 5 to 12 years who attended the only postgraduate dental hospital in Dubai were accessed. The recorded data included the children’s demographic variables and the carious status of each FPM as recorded in the notes on the initial assessment. Descriptive and statistical analyses were conducted (P<0.05). Results: A total of 2984 FPMs were obtained from the digital records of 774 children. Their mean age was 8.07 (±2.23) years and only those that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The prevalence of dental caries and mean Decayed Missing Filled Surfaces of FPMs, were 42% and 0.3 (±0.04), respectively. The most prevalent decayed surface was the occlusal (29.2%), followed by mesial, buccal, palatal/ lingual, distal surfaces (24.2 %; 6.6 %; 3.1 %; 2.3 %) respectively. Children with medical problems and/or special needs had a significantly higher level of caries in the buccal surfaces (12.3%) (P=0.042). Conclusion: Caries of FPMs in a sample of Dubai children studied was prevalent, especially in those with special healthcare needs, thus indicating a necessity for targeted prevention and treatment focused on these keystone teeth.
ABSTRACT
Background@#The effect of atrial fibrillation (AF) patterns and clinical biomarkers among patients with AF-related stroke is still controversial. @*Objectives@#The objective of this study is to determine the association of the pattern of AF and markers on routine blood tests with the outcome of patients after an AF-related stroke. @*Methods@#This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with stroke and AF admitted in a tertiary hospital in Cebu City from 2015-2022. Patients’ baseline characteristics, laboratory tests, ECG, and radiologic data were collected. Descriptive statistics such as mean and frequency were computed. The Kaplan–Meier method and the log-rank test were used to calculate the incidence time. The Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with survival. A stepwise regression technique was used in model building. @*Results@#The mortality rate of patients with AF-related stroke was 0.02. A Kaplan Meier survival estimate shows that patients with paroxysmal AF have better survival. Upon model building of variables, age, red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet count, low density lipid cholesterol (LDL-C), and pattern of AF were predictive of mortality in patients with AF-related stroke. @*Conclusions@#Among AF-related stroke patients admitted at a tertiary hospital in Cebu City, pattern of AF, age, RDW, NLR, platelet count, and LDL-C were associated with mortality. The parameters associated with increased mortality could be easily assessed using an ECG, CBC, and lipid profile. These are all readily available and cost-efficient.
Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation , Prognosis , StrokeABSTRACT
YABBY proteins are important transcription factors that regulate morphogenesis and organ development in plants. In order to study the YABBY of strawberry, bioinformatic technique were used to identify the YABBY gene families in Fragaria vesca (diploid) and Fragaria×ananassa (octoploid), and then analyze the sequence characters, phylogeny and collinearity of the family members. The RNA-seq data and the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique were used to assay the expression patterns of the family members. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) was fused with FvYABBYs and transiently expressed in tobacco leaf cells for the subcellular localization. As the results, six FvYABBY genes and 26 FxaYABBY genes were identified from F. vesca and F.×ananassa, respectively. The FvYABBY genes were grouped into five clades, and five family members were orthologous with AtYABBY genes of Arabidopsis. In F. vesca, all of the FvYABBYs were basically not expressed not expressed in root and receptacle, while FvYABBY1, FvYABBY2, FvYABBY5 and FvYABBY6 were highly expressed in leaf, shoot, flower and achene. In F.×ananassa, FxaYABBY1, FxaYABBY2, FxaYABBY5 and FxaYABBY6 were expressed in achene, and all FxaYABBY were poorly or not expressed in receptacle. Additionally, under the abiotic stresses of low temperature, high salt and drought, the expression of FvYABBY1, FvYABBY3, FvYABBY4 and FvYABBY6 were down-regulated, FvYABBY5 was up-regulated, and FvYABBY2 was up-regulated and then down-regulated. In tobacco leaf cells, the subcellular localization of FvYABBY proteins were in the nucleus. These results provides a foundation for the functional researches of YABBY gene in strawberry.