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Introducción. La población trans en Argentina representa el 0,43 %. Nuestro objetivo fue describir las características de niñas, niños y adolescentes trans y no binarios. Población y métodos. Se diseñó un estudio de corte transversal. La población fueron todas las personas menores de 24 años trans o no binarias atendidas por un equipo interdisciplinario en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel desde enero de 2019 hasta mayo de 2023. La muestra se obtuvo de la base de datos de pacientes atendidos a través de la revisión de las historias clínicas electrónicas (HCE). Resultados. Se analizaron las HCE de 107 personas; el promedio de la primera consulta fue 15,3 años y la edad de autopercepción de identidad de género trans, 11,1 años. El 72 % se percibió con una identidad varón trans; en el 89,7 %, su expresión de género fue acorde a su autopercepción y el 46,3 % tuvo una orientación sexual bisexual. El 76 % reconoció tener contención familiar; el 87,3 %, contención escolar; y el 92,5 %, contención de sus pares. El 44,8 % realizó una estrategia hormonal; el 14,1 %, intervención quirúrgica; el 57,1 %, intervención con salud mental; y el 29,1 % recibió medicación psiquiátrica. Solo 3 pacientes (2,8 %) detransicionaron su identidad de género. Conclusión. La mayoría de las personas eran varones trans y percibieron una buena contención de sus entornos. Casi la mitad recibió una estrategia hormonal; menos de un cuarto, una intervención quirúrgica; más de la mitad, una intervención con salud mental. La detransición fue infrecuente.
Introduction. The trans population in Argentina represents 0.43%. Our objective was to describe the characteristics of trans and non-binary children and adolescents. Population and methods. A cross-sectional study was designed. The population was all trans or nonbinary persons under 24 years of age seen by an interdisciplinary team in a tertiary university hospital from January 2019 to May 2023. The sample was obtained from the database of patients seen by reviewing electronic medical records (EMR). Results. The EMRs of 107 individuals were analyzed; the average age at first consultation was 15.3 years, and the age of self-perceived transgender identity was 11.1 years. Seventy-two percent perceived themselves as having a trans male identity; in 89.7%, their gender expression was by their self-perception, and 46.3% had a bisexual sexual orientation. Seventy-six percent acknowledged having family support; 87.3%, school support; and 92.5%, peer support. 44.8% had a hormonal strategy, 14.1% had surgery, 57.1% had mental health intervention, and 29.1% received psychiatric medication. Only three patients (2.8%) detransitioned their gender identity. Conclusion. Most individuals were trans men and perceived good support from their environments. Almost half received a hormonal strategy; less than a quarter received a surgical intervention; more than half received a mental health intervention. The detransition was infrequent.
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Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Transgender Persons/psychology , Tertiary Care Centers , Argentina , Cross-Sectional Studies , Gender IdentityABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze suicide attempts in adolescents treated in the emergency department before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional, documentary, and retrospective study assessed the medical records of adolescents treated for suicide attempts in two emergency rooms linked to a teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected from the pre-pandemic period (between January 1, 2015, and March 10, 2020) and the pandemic period (between March 11, 2020, and May 5, 2023), characterizing the adolescents, risk factors for suicide attempts during the pandemic, and treatment. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential analyses, including association tests and trend analysis, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. The national ethical guidelines were followed. Results: Data on 140 suicide attempts were collected, of which 54 occurred during the pandemic. The trend in these cases remained stable (p>0.05). We observed an association between adolescents who had completed high school and cases during the pandemic, with a previous mental disorder diagnosis and pre-pandemic cases, and a higher number of suicide attempt notifications to the Brazilian epidemiological surveillance system during the pandemic period (p<0.05). Feelings of loneliness were the most prevalent risk factor during the pandemic. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic did not show an influence on the number of suicide attempt cases in adolescents. However, it was observed that the cases during this period were not related to previous mental disorder diagnoses, as seen in the pre-pandemic period, which may suggest that other risk factors were associated with suicide attempt cases during the pandemic.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as tentativas de suicídio em adolescentes atendidos em um departamento de urgência e emergência antes da pandemia da COVID-19 e durante seu curso. Métodos: Estudo transversal, documental e retrospectivo, conduzido com prontuários de adolescentes atendidos por tentativa de suicídio, em dois prontos-socorros vinculados a um hospital escola no município de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram coletados dados do período pré-pandêmico (entre 1o de janeiro de 2015 e 10 de março de 2020) e período pandêmico (entre 11 de março de 2020 e 5 de maio de 2023), com a caracterização do adolescente, dos fatores de risco à tentativa de suicídio na pandemia e do atendimento. Os dados foram submetidos a análise descritiva e inferencial, com testes de associação e análise de tendência, considerando-se o valor de p<0,05 como diferença estatística. Respeitaram-se as diretrizes éticas nacionais. Resultados: Foram coletados dados de 140 atendimentos de tentativa de suicídio, dos quais 54 ocorreram no período pandêmico. A tendência de atendimentos mostrou-se estacionária (p>0,05). Observou-se associação entre os adolescentes que estudaram até o ensino médio e os atendimentos na pandemia; ter um diagnóstico de transtorno mental prévio e o atendimento pré-pandêmico; e o maior número de notificações de tentativa de suicídio para o sistema de vigilância epidemiológico brasileiro no período pandêmico (p<0,05). A sensação de solidão destacou-se como fator de risco pandêmico mais prevalente. Conclusões: A pandemia da COVID-19 não mostrou influência nos atendimentos de tentativa de suicídio em adolescentes. Todavia, observou-se que os casos neste período não tiveram relação com o diagnóstico de transtorno mental prévio, como visto no período pré-pandêmico, o que pode sugerir que outros fatores de risco estiveram associados aos casos de tentativa de suicídio durante a pandemia.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between modifiable lifestyle behaviors and mental health indicators in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2019 National Survey of School Health including 152,860 students. The lifestyle behaviors and mental health indicators were obtained from a self-reported questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between lifestyle behaviors and mental health indicators. Results: Infrequent healthy eating (OR 1.22; 95%CI 1.14-1.31), being inactive (OR 1.82; 95%CI 1.65-2.01), smoking (OR 1.24; 95%CI 1.10-1.40), and irregular school attendance (OR 1.31; 95%CI 1.22-1.40) were associated with not having close friends. Additionally, not having close friends was also associated with unhealthy eating (OR 0.86; 95%CI 0.81-0.92) and alcohol consumption (OR 0.81; 95%CI 0.75-0.87). Infrequent healthy eating (OR 1.29; 95%CI 1.24-1.33), frequent unhealthy eating (OR 1.39; 95%CI 1.35-1.43), being inactive (OR 1.12; 95%CI 1.07-1.18), excessive screen time and sitting (OR 1.10; 95%CI 1.07-1.14 and OR 1.68; 95%CI 1.63-1.73, respectively), smoking (OR 1.26; 95%CI 1.19-1.34), alcohol (OR 1.33; 95%CI 1.28-1.37), drugs (OR 1.13; 95%CI 1.05-1.22), and irregular school attendance (OR 1.53; 95%CI 1.48-1.59) were associated with worse self-rated mental health. Conclusions: Various lifestyle behaviors are associated with different indicators of mental health.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre comportamentos modificáveis do estilo de vida e indicadores de saúde mental em adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Este estudo transversal utilizou dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2019, incluindo 152.860 alunos. Comportamentos de estilo de vida e indicadores de saúde mental foram obtidos por meio de um questionário autoaplicável. Análises de regressão logística foram utilizadas para examinar a associação entre comportamentos de estilo de vida e indicadores de saúde mental. Resultados: Alimentação saudável infrequente (OR 1,22; IC95% 1,14-1,31), ser inativo (OR 1,82; IC95% 1,65-2,01), tabagismo (OR 1,24; IC95% 1,10-1,40) e frequência escolar inadequada (OR 1,31; IC95% 1,22-1,40) foram associados a não ter amigos próximos. Além disso, não ter amigos próximos também foi associado com alimentação não saudável (OR 0,86; IC95% 0,81-0,92) e consumo de álcool (OR 0,81; IC95% 0,75-0,87). Alimentação saudável infrequente (OR 1,29; IC95% 1,24-1,33), alimentação não saudável frequente (OR 1,39; IC95% 1,35-1,43), ser inativo (OR 1,12; IC95% 1,07-1,18), tempo excessivo em tela e sentado (OR 1,10; IC95% 1,07-1,14 e OR 1,68; IC95% 1,63-1,73, respectivamente), tabagismo (OR 1,26; IC95% 1,19-1,34), álcool (OR 1,33; IC95% 1,28-1,37), drogas (OR 1,13; IC95% 1,05-1,22) e frequência escolar irregular (OR 1,53; IC95% 1,48-1,59) foram associados a uma pior autopercepção de saúde mental. Conclusões: Vários comportamentos de estilo de vida foram associados a diferentes indicadores de saúde mental.
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O presente estudo apresenta uma intervenção com adolescentes estudantes de escolas públicas municipais. A intervenção foi realizada com dois grupos (n = 20; n = 18) de alunos do sexto ano. O programa de intervenção baseou-se no "Programa Troncal" desenvolvido pelo LIPA (Laboratório de Pesquisa Pró-social Aplicada) da Universidade Autônoma de Barcelona; e foi adaptado para esta aplicação. A pró-socialidade pode ser definida como o conjunto de comportamentos voluntários com intenção de beneficiar pessoas, sem a expectativa de recompensa externa. Esses comportamentos fortalecem laços sociais e fomentam valores fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de relações interpessoais saudáveis. Com as conjunturas sociais e econômicas atuais, adolescentes que vivem em centros urbanos estão imersos em uma realidade permeada pela violência e por comportamentos antissociais. O objetivo foi observar as mudanças nos comportamentos dos adolescentes a partir da intervenção, mensurando-se o grau de pró-socialidade. Foram realizados vinte encontros de 90 minutos, semanalmente; e três avaliações para identificar os níveis de pró- socialidade dos participantes (inicial, final e acompanhamento); o instrumento utilizado foi a EPA-A (Escala de avaliação pró-social para adolescentes). Verificou-se melhora nos comportamentos de pró-socialidade entre os adolescentes a partir da intervenção, que foram percebidos na interação entre pares no grupo e com a pesquisadora. Observou-se que em diferentes dimensões analisadas (Ajuda, Partilha, Clima Positivo, Cuidado e Empatia) existem tendências positivas quando se estimula que atitudes positivas e saudáveis sejam adotadas; indicando que a inserção, em ambiente escolar, de intervenções pautadas em questões socioemocionais pode produzir modificações tanto individuais quanto coletivas.
The present study introduces an intervention conducted with adolescent students from municipal public schools. The intervention involved two groups (n = 20; n = 18) of sixth-grade students. The intervention program was based on the "Core Program" developed by LIPA (Applied Prosocial Research Laboratory) at the Autonomous University of Barcelona and was adapted for this application. Prosociality can be defined as a set of voluntary behaviors intended to benefit others without the expectation of external rewards. These behaviors strengthen social bonds and foster fundamental values for the development of healthy interpersonal relationships. Given the current social and economic conditions, adolescents living in urban centers are immersed in a reality marked by violence and antisocial behaviors. The objective was to observe changes in adolescents' behaviors following the intervention, measuring the level of prosociality. Twenty 90-minute sessions were conducted weekly, along with three evaluations to identify the participants' levels of prosociality (baseline, final, and follow-up). The instrument used was the EPA-A (Prosocial Behavior Assessment Scale for Adolescents). An improvement in prosocial behaviors among the adolescents was observed following the intervention, as evidenced by their interactions with peers in the group and with the researcher. In the various dimensions analyzed (Helping, Sharing, Positive Climate, Caring, and Empathy), positive trends were noted when positive and healthy attitudes were encouraged. This indicates that introducing socioemotional interventions in the school environment can lead to both individual and collective changes.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between participation in fitness-related exercises (FRE) and body image dissatisfaction (BID) in adolescents and evaluate the interaction between physical exercise and nutritional status in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 involving 799 adolescents (10-16 years old) from 14 public schools in Curitiba (PR), Brazil. BID was assessed using the Body Shape Questionnaire and the Silhouette Scale. The FRE was classified as "does not practice," "practices ≤300 min/week," and "practices >300 min/week" by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Poisson and multinomial logistic regressions, adjusted for sex, sexual maturation, and nutritional status analyzed the association of FRE and BID. Results: The BID prevalence was 28.3%; 52.4% of the adolescents wanted to reduce their silhouettes; and 48.7% did not practice FRE. Adolescents who practiced FRE >300 min/week had a 28% higher prevalence for some level of BID (PR 1.28; 95%CI 1.08-1.52) and a 46% lower chance of wanting to reduce silhouettes (OR 0.54; 95%CI 0.35-0.82), compared to nonpractitioners. There was no interaction between FRE and nutritional status in association with BID. Conclusions: The adolescents who practice FRE >300 min/week are likely to have some level of BID and are less likely to report the desire to increase their silhouettes, regardless of their nutritional status.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a participação em exercícios físicos relacionados ao fitness (EFRF) e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (IIC) em adolescentes e avaliar a interação entre os exercícios físicos e o estado nutricional nesta associação. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em 2015 com 799 adolescentes (10 a 16 anos) de 14 escolas públicas de Curitiba (PR), Brasil. A IIC foi avaliada por meio do Body Shape Questionnaire e da Escala de Silhuetas. A participação em EFRF foi avaliada pelo Questionário de Atividade Física para Adolescentes e classificada em "não pratica", "pratica ≤300 minutos/semana" e "pratica >300 minutos/semana". As regressões de Poisson e logística multinomial, ajustadas por sexo, maturação sexual e estado nutricional, analisaram a associação entre EFRF e IIC. Resultados: A prevalência de IIC foi de 28,3%; 52,4% dos adolescentes queriam reduzir a silhueta e 48,7% não praticavam a EFRF. Adolescentes que praticavam EFRF >300 minutos/semana tiveram prevalência 28% maior para algum nível de IIC (razão de prevalência — RP 1,28; intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,08-1,52) e chance 46% menor de querer reduzir silhuetas (OR 0,54; 95IC% 0,35-0,82), comparados aos não praticantes. Não houve interação entre os EFRF e o estado nutricional na associação com IIC. Conclusões: Os adolescentes que praticam EFRF >300 minutos/semana estão mais propensos a apresentar algum nível de IIC e têm menores chances de reportar o desejo de aumentar silhuetas, independentemente do estado nutricional.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe how smartphone applications can contribute to the management of epilepsy in children and adolescents. Data source: This is an integrative review conducted on the Medline, PubMed, and SciELO databases, based on the descriptors "epilepsy" and "smartphone." Original studies published between 2017-2023 in Portuguese or English that addressed the research question were included. Theses and dissertations, duplicate studies, literature reviews, and studies that did not answer the research question were excluded. Data synthesis: A total of 178 studies were located, of which six were selected for this review. The sample included 731 participants (631 children and adolescents with epilepsy and 100 caregivers). The applications allow for the collection of seizure frequency; timing and type of crisis; reminders for medication administration; and information about sleep quality. They can store these data for healthcare professionals, caregivers, and users to monitor the progress of the condition. Conclusions: The use of applications in managing seizures in children and adolescents with epilepsy shows promising results by promoting continuous and personalized monitoring. Further studies are needed to optimize beneficial outcomes and overcome challenges.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever como aplicativos de smartphone podem contribuir para o gerenciamento de quadros de epilepsia em crianças e adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Medline; PubMed e SciELO, com base nos descritores "epilepsy" e "smartphone". Foram incluídos estudos originais publicados entre 2017-2023 em português ou inglês que respondessem à pergunta de investigação. Teses e dissertações, estudos duplicados, revisões de literatura e estudos que não responderam à questão de pesquisa foram excluídos. Síntese dos dados: Foram localizados 178 estudos, dos quais seis foram selecionados para compor esta revisão. A amostra incluiu 731 participantes (631 infantojuvenis com epilepsia e 100 cuidadores). Os aplicativos permitem a coleta da frequência de convulsões; momento e o tipo de crise; lembretes para a administração de medicamentos; e informações sobre a qualidade do sono, sendo capazes de armazenar esses dados para profissionais da saúde, cuidadores e usuários acompanharem a evolução do quadro. Conclusões: O uso de aplicativos no manejo das convulsões de crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia apresenta resultados promissores ao promoverem um monitoramento contínuo e personalizado. Novos estudos são necessários para otimizar os resultados benéficos e superar desafios.
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Objetivo: Conhecer as representações sociais de adolescentes escolares sobre paternidade e maternidade responsável. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e exploratório, realizado com 23 adolescentes escolares entre 14 e 19 anos, de um Instituto Federal de Educação, no Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, aplicado entre setembro e dezembro de 2022. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de conteúdo temática proposta por Bardin. Resultados: As representações sociais sobre a maternidade/paternidade responsável na adolescência revelaram reações e sentimentos negativos, como angústia, medo, insegurança e despreparo, pois este fenômeno acarreta adaptação e abdicação. Portanto, estudo possibilita a parceria entre profissionais de saúde, escola e familiares no apoio a adolescentes na prevenção da gestação, enfrentar desafios e optar por uma paternidade/maternidade consciente e segura. Conclusões: É crucial uma colaboração entre profissionais de saúde e escola para oferecer espaços de acolhimento, valorização e escuta nesta fase, além de uma assistência que promova o pleno desenvolvimento da(o)s adolescentes escolares.
Objetivo: Conocer las representaciones sociales de adolescentes escolares sobre paternidad y maternidad responsable. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo y exploratorio, realizado con 23 adolescentes escolares de entre 14 y 19 años, en un Instituto Federal de Educación en Brasil. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un guion de entrevista semiestructurada, aplicado entre septiembre y diciembre de 2022. Para el análisis de los datos, se empleó la técnica de análisis de contenido temático propuesta por Bardin. Resultados: Las representaciones sociales sobre la maternidad/paternidad responsable en la adolescencia revelaron reacciones y sentimientos negativos, como angustia, miedo, inseguridad e impreparación, ya que este fenómeno implica adaptación y renuncia. Por lo tanto, el estudio permite una colaboración entre profesionales de la salud, la escuela y las familias para apoyar a los adolescentes en la prevención del embarazo, enfrentar desafíos y optar por una paternidad/maternidad consciente y segura. Conclusiones: Es crucial una colaboración entre profesionales de la salud y la escuela para ofrecer espacios de apoyo, valoración y escucha en esta etapa, además de brindar una asistencia que promueva el pleno desarrollo de los adolescentes escolares.
Objective: To understand the social representations of school-aged adolescents regarding responsible parenthood and motherhood. Methodology: This is a qualitative and exploratory study conducted with 23 school-aged adolescents, between 14 and 19 years old, from a Federal Institute of Education in Brazil. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured interview guide, applied between September and December 2022. The thematic content analysis technique proposed by Bardin was used for data analysis. Results: Social representations of responsible parenthood/motherhood in adolescence revealed negative reactions and feelings, such as anxiety, fear, insecurity, and unpreparedness, as this phenomenon requires adaptation and sacrifice. Thus, the study enables collaboration between health professionals, schools, and families to support adolescents in preventing pregnancy, facing challenges, and opting for conscious and safe parenthood/motherhood. Conclusions: It is crucial to foster collaboration between health professionals and schools to provide spaces for support, recognition, and listening during this phase, in addition to offering care that promotes the full development of school-aged adolescents.
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RESUMO Comportamentos de risco na adolescência impactam a saúde de curto e longo prazo. A análise de dados de saúde dos países do Mercado Comum do Sul (Mercosul) pode fortalecer a vigilância e apoiar políticas públicas. Objetivou-se comparar as prevalências de indicadores em saúde de adolescentes nos países do Mercosul. Estudo descritivo, com dados do 'Global School-based Student Health Survey' na Argentina (2018), no Paraguai (2017) e no Uruguai (2019), e da 'Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar' no Brasil (2015 e 2019). Analisaram-se as prevalências e os intervalos de confiança de 95% de indicadores para a população total de adolescentes e segundo o gênero. A experimentação do álcool antes dos 14 anos foi maior na Argentina enquanto a embriaguez foi maior no Brasil. O consumo atual de cigarro e o uso de qualquer produto do tabaco foram mais elevados na Argentina. A prática regular de atividade física foi menor no Brasil, já o comportamento sedentário foi maior no Uruguai. O Brasil teve o menor uso de preservativo na última relação sexual. Houve diferenças dos comportamentos de risco para saúde entre os adolescentes dos países estudados. Os resultados podem auxiliar entidades governamentais desses países a promoverem intercâmbio de boas práticas.
ABSTRACT Risk behaviours in adolescence have a short- and long-term impact on health. Analysing health data from the Southern Common Market (Mercosur) countries can strengthen surveillance and support public policies. To compare the prevalence of health indicators among adolescents in Mercosur countries. A descriptive study was conducted using data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey in Argentina (2018), Paraguay (2017), and Uruguay (2019), as well as from the National Survey of School Health in Brazil (2015 and 2019). Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of indicators were analysed for the total adolescent population and by gender. Alcohol experimentation before the age of 14 was higher in Argentina, while drunkenness was higher in Brazil. Current cigarette smoking and any tobacco product use were higher in Argentina. Regular physical activity was lower in Brazil. Sedentary behaviour was higher in Uruguay. Brazil had the lowest condom use at last sexual intercourse. There were differences in health risk behaviours among adolescents in the studied countries. These results can assist governmental entities in these countries in promoting the exchange of best practices.
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Introducción. La aparición de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 generó grandes interrogantes sobre su comportamiento en diferentes escenarios. Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento clínico y epidemiológico de la COVID-19 en pacientes pediátricos residentes en una ciudad agroindustrial en tres períodos (2020 a 2022). Población y métodos. Estudio observacional, analítico de menores de 18 años con diagnóstico de COVID-19 en General Cabrera. Se evaluó sexo, edad, sintomatología, comorbilidades, internación y muerte. Se aplicó la prueba de chi-cuadrado para analizar la asociación entre sintomatología y período, y la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para analizar diferencias en la duración de los síntomas por período. Nivel de confianza del 95 %. Resultados. En el período estudiado, se confirmaron 194 casos en menores de 18 años. Solo el 1 % requirió internación y no se registraron fallecimientos. El 51 % eran varones, con una mediana de edad 14 años para ambos sexos. El 68 % fue asintomático. Se detectaron comorbilidades asociadas en el 2 %. Conclusión. La infección por el SARS-CoV-2 tuvo baja presentación en pediatría, con comportamiento diferenciado según período.
Introduction. The onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raised questions about its behavior in different scenarios. Objective. To describe the clinical and epidemiological behavior of COVID-19 in pediatric patients living in an agricultural-industrial city across 3 periods (2020 to 2022). Population and methods. Observational, analytical study of children under 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 in General Cabrera. Sex, age, symptoms, comorbidities, hospitalization, and death were analyzed. The χ² test was used to analyze the association between symptoms and period and the KruskalWallis test, to analyze differences in symptom duration per period. Confidence level: 95%. Results. In the study period, 194 cases in children under 18 years were confirmed. Only 1% required hospitalization; no deaths were recorded. Children's median age was 14 years; 51% were boys; 68% were asymptomatic; 2% had associated comorbidities. Conclusion. SARS-CoV-2 infection was low in pediatrics and showed a distinct behavior by period
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Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , COVID-19/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Time Factors , Comorbidity , Pandemics , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
La parálisis cerebral (PC) afecta la postura y la coordinación del movimiento, y es la causa más común de discapacidad grave en la población pediátrica. El diagnóstico de PC no describe el funcionamiento ni la interacción de la persona con el contexto en el cual se desarrolla. Por lo tanto, el diagnóstico se debe complementar con una descripción del funcionamiento, utilizando herramientas basadas en el modelo biopsicosocial de la Clasificación del Funcionamiento (CIF) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). En esta comunicación, describimos los datos preliminares de un estudio multicéntrico en Argentina destinado a estandarizar la descripción del perfil de funcionamiento en niños y adolescentes con PC. Estos datos mostraron que los participantes tienen algunas habilidades en las funciones del sueño, las funciones mentales del lenguaje y las visuales, así como en algunas relacionadas con el contexto. Presentan dificultades importantes en categorías tales como mantener la posición del cuerpo, el andar y la higiene.
Cerebral palsy (CP) affects body posture and movement coordination and is the most common cause of severe disability in the pediatric population. The diagnosis of CP is not a description of a person's functioning or interaction with their environment. Therefore, the diagnosis should be complemented with a description of functioning, using tools based on the biopsychosocial model proposed by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This report describes the preliminary data from a multicenter study conducted in Argentina with the aim of standardizing the description of the profiles of functioning of children and adolescents with CP. These data showed that the participants had some skills in sleep functions, mental functions of language, seeing functions, and in some environmental factors. They showed significant difficulties in categories such as maintaining body position, walking, and toileting.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Cerebral Palsy/diagnosis , Cerebral Palsy/physiopathology , Argentina , Disability EvaluationABSTRACT
Introducción. Adolescentes con exceso de peso confrontan a diario con estereotipos que condicionan su imagen corporal, autoestima y ánimo. Objetivos. Describir, en adolescentes con exceso de peso, las vivencias subjetivas relativas al cuerpo en la vida diaria y sus percepciones respecto a las intervenciones y empatía del equipo de salud. Población y métodos. Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a adolescentes entre 11 y 18 años con índice de masa corporal (IMC) ≥ 26 autorreferenciado y/o que refirieran seguimiento médico o nutricional por exceso de peso, asistidos en el Servicio de Adolescencia de un hospital de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, entre el 1 de octubre de 2021 y el 31 de mayo de 2022. Resultados. Se evaluaron 20 adolescentes, con mediana de edad de 13,5 años, mayoritariamente de sexo femenino (16/20). La totalidad refirió insatisfacción corporal desde edades tempranas (edad mediana: 10 años). Mencionan dificultad para vestirse por falta de talles; limitan incluso la práctica deportiva. Padecieron humillación corporal relacionada con el peso en la escuela, la familia o la vía pública (15/20). Percibieron el control de peso de manera dual: su descenso fue el principal estímulo del tratamiento, pero su centralidad en las consultas generó malestar. Las principales causas de abandono terapéutico fueron la imposibilidad de sostener temporalmente las recomendaciones y la falta de descenso de peso. Se percibió del equipo tratante buena predisposición y escucha, pero cierta incomprensión sobre las vivencias cotidianas, condicionamientos físicos, materiales, estéticos, sociales, de sus creencias y percepciones.
Introduction. Overweight adolescents are confronted daily with stereotypes that condition their body image, self-esteem, and mood. Objectives. To describe, in adolescents with overweight, the subjective experiences related to the body in daily life and their perceptions regarding the interventions and empathy of the health team. Population and methods. Descriptive study with qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescents aged 11 to 18 years with selfreported mass index (BMI) ≥ 26 and referring to medical or nutritional follow-up for overweight, attended at the Adolescence Service of a hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, between October 1, 2021, and May 31, 2022. Results. Twenty adolescents were evaluated, with a median age of 13.5 years, most of them from female sex (16/20). All reported body dissatisfaction from an early age (median age: 10 years old). They mention difficulty dressing due to the lack of different sizes; they even limit sports practice. They suffered weightrelated body humiliation at school, in the family, or public (15/20). They perceived weight control in a dual way: weight loss was the primary stimulus for treatment, but its centrality in the consultations generated discomfort. The leading causes of therapeutic abandonment were the impossibility of temporarily sustaining the recommendations and the lack of weight loss. The treating team was willing to listen to the patients but needed to understand their daily experiences, physical, material, esthetic, social conditioning, beliefs,and perceptions. Conclusion. The adolescents included in this study perceived specific interventions of the healthcare team as beneficial, with empathic deficiencies
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Body Image/psychology , Empathy , Overweight/psychology , Overweight/therapy , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Self Concept , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Pediatric Obesity/psychology , Pediatric Obesity/therapyABSTRACT
Objetivo: descrever os casos de Tuberculose Extrapulmonar (TBEP) em crianças e adolescentes, em hospital referência de Florianópolis-SC.Método: estudo observacional, descritivo e quantitativo.Foram incluídos os casos de TBEP em pacientes com idade até 15 anos incompletos, com os CIDs A15, A16, A18 e A19, cujos dados foram coletados dos registros em prontuários no hospital do estudo, no período de janeiro de 2011 a dezembro de 2021. Aplicou-se estatística descritiva, com distribuição de frequência das formas de apresentação de TBEP por faixa etária, prova tuberculínica, investigação microbiológica, sintomas e tratamento. Resultados: prevaleceu a faixa etária entre 11 a 15 anos (50%), acometimento pulmonar/pleural (28,5%) e ganglionar (28,5%). Como sinal clínico, destacou a tosse, com acometimento pulmonar (35,7%). A maioria utilizou esquema RHZE, com esquema básico por seis meses (71,4%) e tendo cura (64,3%). Conclusão: a diversidade de formas de acometimento demonstra uma heterogeneidade dasmanifestações da TBEP. Assim, treinamentos constantes podem auxiliar na identificação precoce e início do tratamento adequado, com implicações na taxa de cura.
Objective:to describe cases of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (TBEP) in children and adolescents in a reference hospital in Florianópolis-SC. Method:observational, descriptive and quantitative study. Cases of EPTB in patients aged up to 15 yearsold, with ICDs A15, A16, A18 and A19, whose data were collected from medical records at the study hospital, from January 2011 to December 2021, were included. Descriptive statistics were applied, with frequency distribution of the forms of EPTB presentation by age group, tuberculin test, microbiological investigation, symptoms and treatment.Results: the age group between 11 and 15 years prevailed (50%), pulmonary/pleural involvement (28.5%) and lymph node involvement (28.5%). As a clinical sign, cough stood out, with pulmonary involvement (35.7%). The majority used RHZE regimen, with a basic regimen for six months (71.4%) and were cured (64.3%). Conclusion:the diversity of forms of involvement demonstrates a heterogeneity of the manifestations of EPTB. Thus, constant training can help in early identification and initiation of appropriate treatment, with implications for the cure rate.
Objetivo:describir los casos de Tuberculosis Extrapulmonar (TBEP) en niños y adolescentes en un hospital de referencia de Florianópolis-SC. Método:estudio observacional, descriptivo y cuantitativo. Se incluyeron los casos de TBEP en pacientes de hasta 15 años de edad, conCIE A15, A16, A18 y A19, cuyos datos fueron recolectados de las historias clínicas del hospital de estudio, de enero de 2011 a diciembre de 2021. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, con Distribución de frecuencias de las formas de presentación de EPTB según grupo de edad, prueba de tuberculina, investigación microbiológica, síntomas y tratamiento. Resultados: predominó el grupo de edad entre 11 y 15 años (50%), con compromiso pulmonar/pleural (28,5%) y compromiso ganglionar (28,5%). Como signo clínico se destacó la tos, con compromiso pulmonar (35,7%). La mayoría utilizó el régimen RHZE, con régimen básico durante seis meses (71,4%) y se curaron (64,3%). Conclusión:la diversidad de formas de afectación demuestra una heterogeneidad de las manifestaciones de la EPTB. Por lo tanto, el entrenamiento constante puede ayudar a la identificación temprana y al inicio del tratamiento adecuado, con implicaciones en la tasa de curación.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Lymph Node , Tuberculosis, Pleural , Child , AdolescentABSTRACT
Introducción. En la adolescencia, se comienzan a tomar decisiones autónomas sobre la salud. En la vacunación intervienen dimensiones contextuales, grupales y relativas a cada vacuna. Se busca conocer el proceso de información, confianza y decisión de vacunarse contra COVID-19 en adolescentes usuarios de un centro de salud en Buenos Aires. Objetivos. Identificar ámbitos y canales a través de los cuales los adolescentes accedieron a información sobre la vacuna contra COVID-19 en un centro de salud de Buenos Aires. Describir sus opiniones respecto a los distintos discursos sobre vacunación. Describir su participación en la vacunación contra COVID-19. Identificar barreras y facilitadores respecto del acceso a la vacunación contra COVID-19 en esta población. Población y métodos. Investigación cualitativa. Se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas a adolescentes usuarios del efector. La muestra fue heterogénea; su tamaño se definió por saturación teórica. Se realizó un análisis temático de los datos. Resultados. Se realizaron 14 entrevistas. Los entrevistados recibieron información sobre la vacuna contra COVID-19 de sus familias, la televisión y las redes sociales. Todos recibieron tanto publicidad oficial como discursos reticentes a la vacunación. Analizaron la información recibida y formaron opinión autónoma. Su decisión sobre vacunarse no siempre fue respetada. La desconfianza, la baja percepción del riesgo, el temor a las inyecciones, las barreras administrativas y geográficas fueron motivos de no vacunación. Conclusiones. Se requieren estrategias de comunicación destinadas a adolescentes que promuevan su participación en el acceso a la vacunación.
Introduction. During adolescence, individuals start to make autonomous decisions about their health. Vaccination involves contextual, group, and vaccine-specific dimensions. We sought to know the information, trust, and decision to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among adolescents who attended a healthcare center in Buenos Aires. Objectives. To identify settings and channels through which adolescents accessed information about the COVID-19 vaccine at a healthcare center in Buenos Aires. To describe their opinions about the different statements on vaccination. To describe their participation in COVID-19 vaccination. To identify barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination in this population. Population and methods. Qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews with adolescents who attended this healthcare facility. The sample was heterogeneous; the sample size was estimated by theoretical saturation. A thematic analysis of data was done. Results. A total of 14 interviews were conducted. Interviewees obtained information about the COVID-19 vaccine from their families, TV, and social media. All received information from both official campaigns and anti-vaccine communications. They analyzed the information they received and formed their own opinion. Their decision about the vaccine was not always respected. Hesitancy, a low perception of risk, fear of needles, administrative and geographic barriers were reasons for not receiving the vaccine. Conclusions. Communication strategies targeted at adolescents are required that encourage their involvement in access to vaccination.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Trust , Qualitative Research , COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage , Argentina , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Interviews as Topic , Vaccination/psychology , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data , Decision Making , COVID-19/prevention & control , Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology , Vaccination Hesitancy/statistics & numerical data , Health Facilities , Health Services AccessibilityABSTRACT
Introducción. El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se caracteriza por dificultades de comunicación social y comportamientos repetitivos y estereotipados. Además de la categoría diagnóstica, las actividades que los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNyA) pueden realizar y la participación social son los aspectos principales por considerar desde el marco de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud (CIF), propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, para describir los estados de salud. En una investigación previa, elaboramos la primera versión de una herramienta pediátrica basada en la CIF llamada TEA-CIFunciona para evaluación funcional de NNyA con diagnóstico de TEA, que permitió captar características funcionales adaptadas a nuestro contexto cultural. Se propuso como objetivo posterior aplicar TEA-CIFunciona en formato multicéntrico para evaluar NNyA de diferentes regiones, revisar y actualizar la herramienta, e identificar barreras y facilitadores. Población y métodos. Se administró TEA-CIFunciona versión 1.0 a NNyA con diagnóstico confirmado de TEA (según criterios del DSM-5), menores de 16 años, en seguimiento en cinco centros de atención pediátrica del país. Resultados. Se obtuvo la versión 2.0 de TEA-CIFunciona con 34 categorías (10 funciones corporales, 15 actividades y participación, y 9 factores ambientales). Se elaboró el perfil funcional de la muestra completa (n = 308). Conclusiones. La versión actualizada de TEA-CIFunciona contribuye a estandarizar y a sistematizar la obtención de información necesaria para adecuar el seguimiento de los NNyA con TEA a nivel nacional. Además, permite identificar barreras por superar y facilitadores para generalizar
Introduction. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social communication and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. In addition to the diagnostic category, the activities performed by children and adolescents and their social involvement are the main aspects to be considered according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) proposed by the World Health Organization to describe health status. In a previous study, we developed the first version of a pediatric tool based on the ICF called ICF-ASD for the functional assessment of children and adolescents with ASD to capture functional characteristics adapted to our cultural setting. Our subsequent objective was to apply the ICF-ASD in a multicenter format to assess children and adolescents from different regions, review, and update it, and identify barriers and facilitators. Population and methods. The ICF-ASD version 1.0 was administered to children and adolescents younger than 16 years with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD (as per DSM-5 criteria), who were receiving follow-up at 5 children's health centers across Argentina. Results. Version 2.0 of the ICF-ASD was obtained, which included 34 categories (10 under body function, 15 under activities and participation, and 9 under environmental factors). A functional profile was developed for the whole sample (n = 308). Conclusions. The updated version of the ICF-ASD helps to standardize and systematize the collection of necessary data for an adequate follow-up of children and adolescents with ASD at a national level. It also allows to identify barriers to overcome and facilitators to be generalized
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Autism Spectrum Disorder/classification , Autism Spectrum Disorder/diagnosis , Argentina , International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disability EvaluationABSTRACT
La pandemia por COVID-19 impactó fuertemente de manera negativa en muchos aspectos relacionados con la salud física, mental y social de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Como parte de este contexto, se describieron un aumento de los casos de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) a nivel nacional e internacional. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la prevalencia y el perfil de las consultas por TCA en un hospital pediátrico, en un periodo similar previo al inicio de la pandemia y tres años después. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas de pacientes entre 9 y 18 años que consultaron a la Unidad de Adolescencia con síntomas compatibles con TCA. Se describieron dos períodos: 1er semestre de 2019 y 1er semestre de 2022. Resultados: Durante el año 2022 se evidenció un notorio aumento de las consultas por TCA y a su vez se duplicaron la cantidad de pacientes atendidos en la Unidad de Adolescencia. En ambos períodos el género predominante fue femenino, con una mediana de 14 años. La mayoría de los pacientes presentó restricción alimentaria como forma de controlar el peso y el motivo de consulta predominante estuvo relacionado con el descenso de peso y los síntomas gastrointestinales. Conclusión: En concordancia con la percepción manifestada por la comunidad pediátrica, luego de dos años de pandemia, observamos un aumento de las consultas en general y de los desórdenes de la conducta alimentaria atendidos por la Unidad de Adolescencia de nuestro Hospital (AU)
The COVID-19 pandemic had a strong negative impact on many aspects related to the physical, mental, and social health of children and adolescents. In this context, an increase in cases of eating disorders (EDs) was described nationally and internationally. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and profile of ED consultations in a pediatric hospital in a similar period before the onset of the pandemic and three years later. Material and Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of patients between 9 and 18 years of age who visited the Adolescent Medicine Unit with symptoms compatible with ED. Two periods were described: 1st semester of 2019 and 1st semester of 2022. Results: During the 2022 period, there was a marked increase in the number of consultations for ED and a two-fold increase in the number of patients seen at the Adolescent Medicine Unit. In both periods patients were predominantly female, with a median age of 14 years. Most patients used dietary restriction as a means of weight control and the main reason for consultation were weight loss and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion: In agreement with the views expressed by the pediatric community, two years after the pandemic, we observed an increase in consultations in general and in those related to eating disorders specifically at the Adolescent Medicine Unit of our Hospital (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Anorexia Nervosa , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Adolescent Behavior , Bulimia Nervosa , Binge-Eating Disorder , COVID-19 , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
El objetivo de la ruta es establecer las pautas formales, respecto a la atención integral en salud en las niñas, niños y adolescentes, ayudando a optimizar las acciones, disminuir costos, incrementar la satisfacción de los usuarios, así como mejorar la productividad y competitividad del personal de salud. En razón de lo anterior presentamos la ruta de trabajo, para la adecuación de la normativa técnica, producto del trabajo de las diferentes dependencias vinculadas directa e indirectamente a la atención en salud a niñas, niños y adolescentes
The objective of the route is to establish formal guidelines regarding comprehensive health care in the girls, boys and adolescents, helping to optimize actions, reduce costs, increase user satisfaction, as well as improving the productivity and competitiveness of health personnel. Due to the above, we present the work route, for the adaptation of the technical regulations, product of the work of the different agencies linked directly and indirectly to care in health for girls, boys and adolescents
Subject(s)
Reference Standards , Jurisprudence , El SalvadorABSTRACT
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar análises das produções científicas publicadas entre 1973 e 2022 sobre o consumo de álcool e outras drogas entre adolescentes. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliométrica de 495 artigos publicados na Scopus entre 1973 e abril de 2022, utilizando o software VOSViewer. Observou-se que 2014 e 2018 foram os anos com maior número de publicações, destacando-se Kann e Ross com o maior número de citações. O termo mais representativo foi "adolescente", empregado 486 vezes. Os Estados Unidos ficaram em primeiro lugar entre os países que mais publicaram sobre o assunto, com 245 documentos e 14.836 citações. A partir das análises, foi possível compreender o cenário científico e o interesse de pesquisadores pelo assunto ao longo das décadas, sendo observado que, nos últimos anos, o consumo de drogas está relacionado à saúde mental, abordando problemas como ansiedade, depressão e até ideação suicida.
The objective of this research was to carry out analyzes of scientific productions published between 1973 and 2022, on the consumption of alcohol and other drugs among adolescents. This is a bibliometric review of 495 articles published in Scopus between 1973 and April 2022, using the VOSViewer software. It was observed that 2014 and 2018 were the years with the highest number of publications, with Kann and Ross standing out with the highest number of citations. The most representative term was "adolescent", with 486 times. The United States ranked first among the countries that published the most on the subject, with 245 documents and 14,836 citations. From the analyzes it was possible to understand the scientific scenario and the interest of researchers over the decades, observing that in recent years drug consumption is related to mental health, addressing problems such as anxiety, depression and even suicidal ideation.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar análisis de producciones científicas publicadas entre 1973 y 2022, sobre el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas entre adolescentes. Se trata de una revisión bibliométrica de 495 artículos publicados en Scopus entre 1973 y abril de 2022, utilizando el software VOSViewer. Se observó que 2014 y 2018 fueron los años con mayor número de publicaciones, destacándose Kann y Ross con mayor número de citaciones. El término más representativo fue "adolescente", con 486 veces. Estados Unidos ocupó el primer lugar entre los países que más publicaron sobre el tema, con 245 documentos y 14.836 citas. A partir de los análisis fue posible comprender el escenario científico y el interés de los investigadores a lo largo de décadas, observando que en los últimos años el consumo de drogas se relaciona con la salud mental, abordando problemas como la ansiedad, la depresión e incluso la ideación suicida.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Illicit Drugs , Bibliometrics , Adolescent , Alcohol-Related Disorders , Underage Drinking , Psychotropic Drugs , Socioeconomic Factors , Mental Health , Health Risk BehaviorsABSTRACT
El presente estudio investigativo abordó el tema de la inclusión de las gestantes adolescentes en las clases de Educación Física, enfocado al mejoramiento de la salud física y el bienestar de la madre y el feto durante el embarazo. El objetivo principal del trabajo fue proponer un programa de actividades físicas adaptadas para la inclusión de estudiantes en estado de gestación en la clase de Educación Física, en la Unidad educativa fiscal "Pichincha". Se planteó una metodología con enfoque cualitativo, se utilizaron como métodos empíricos la observación científica, la entrevista, la encuesta y la revisión documental que facilitaron la identificación del problema en la parte inicial hasta la realización de la propuesta de ejercicios físicos adaptados, en su etapa final. Se concluye con la aplicación y ejecución de actividades físicas adaptadas, y se obtienen mejoras en la salud cardiovascular, el fortalecimiento de los músculos y las articulaciones, el control del aumento de peso, la reducción del riesgo de complicaciones del embarazo y la mejora del bienestar emocional. Estos resultados fueron comparados con investigaciones de otros autores que corroboran que implementar actividades físicas adaptadas contribuye al mejoramiento de la salud, tanto de la madre como del feto.
A presente pesquisa abordou a questão da inclusão de adolescentes grávidas nas aulas de Educação Física, com foco na melhoria da saúde física e do bem-estar da mãe e do feto durante a gravidez. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi propor um programa de atividades físicas adaptado para a inclusão de estudantes grávidas na aula de Educação Física, na unidade educacional fiscal "Pichincha". Foi proposta uma metodologia com abordagem qualitativa, foram utilizados observação científica, entrevista, levantamento e revisão documental como métodos empíricos que facilitaram a identificação do problema na parte inicial até a realização da proposta de exercícios físicos adaptados, em sua etapa final. . Conclui com a aplicação e execução de atividades físicas adaptadas, obtendo-se melhorias na saúde cardiovascular, fortalecimento de músculos e articulações, controle do ganho de peso, redução do risco de complicações na gravidez e melhora do bem-estar emocional. Esses resultados foram comparados com pesquisas de outros autores que corroboram que a implementação de atividades físicas adaptadas contribui para melhorar a saúde da mãe e do feto.
The present research study addressed the issue of the inclusion of pregnant adolescents in Physical Education classes, focused on improving the physical health and well-being of the mother and fetus during pregnancy. The main objective of the work was to propose a program of physical activities adapted for the inclusion of pregnant students in the Physical Education class, in the "Pichincha" Fiscal Educational Unit. A methodology with a qualitative approach was proposed, scientific observation, interview, survey and documentary review were used as empirical methods that facilitated the identification of the problem in the initial part until the proposal of adapted physical exercises was carried out, in its final stage. It concludes with the application and execution of adapted physical activities, and improvements are obtained in cardiovascular health, strengthening of muscles and joints, control of weight gain, reduction of the risk of pregnancy complications and improvement of well-being. emotional. These results were compared with research by other authors that corroborate that implementing adapted physical activities contributes to improving the health of both the mother and the fetus.
ABSTRACT
Objetivos: Conocer factores psicosociales que inciden en el embarazo de un grupo de adolescentes que acudían a control prenatal en 3 Regiones de Salud de la provincia de Panamá. Metodología: la muestra, originalmente de 350 adolescentes, debió ser reducida a 230 jóvenes, debido a la pandemia del COVID-19; aun así, sólo se logra captar 121 jóvenes (53.0%). La información fue recolectada a través de un cuestionario semi estructurado, con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Resultados: la edad media es de 17 años; 67.0% tiene una escolaridad de secundaria incompleta y el 43.8% está unida. El 60.3% y 41.3% define la relación con su madre y padre como buena, respectivamente, en tanto que 44.5% de éstas jóvenes manifiestan tener una positiva comunicación con su progenitora y sólo 27.3% considera de igual manera, el diálogo con su padre. El 72.7% presentaba antecedentes de embarazo precoz; 51.2% de sus pares eran madres o estaban embarazadas. El 90.0% había oído hablar sobre los métodos anticonceptivos, pero más de una tercera parte de la muestra, (36.4%) nunca había usado métodos anticonceptivos; el deseo del embarazo se presentó en 30.6% de los casos. Conclusión: La escolaridad incompleta, los antecedentes familiares de embarazos precoz, la maternidad entre su grupo de pares, el no uso de métodos anticonceptivos y el deseo de la gestación, pueden contribuir a que las adolescentes se conviertan tempranamente en madres. (provisto por Infomedic International)
Objectives: To know psychosocial factors that affect the pregnancy of a group of adolescents who attended prenatal care in 3 Health Regions of the province of Panama. Methodology: the sample, originally of 350 adolescents, had to be reduced to 230 young people, due to the COVID-19 pandemic; Even so, only 121 young people were recruited (53.0%). The information was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire, with open and closed questions. Results: the average age is 17 years; 67.0% have incomplete secondary schooling and 43.8% are in union. 60.3% and 41.3% define the relationship with their mother and father as good, respectively, while 44.5% of these young women say they have positive communication with their mother and only 27.3% consider the dialogue with their father in the same way. 72.7% had a history of early pregnancy; 51.2% of their peers were mothers or pregnant. 90.0% had heard about contraceptive methods, but more than a third of the sample (36.4%) had never used contraceptive methods. The desire for pregnancy occurred in 30.6% of cases. Conclusion: Incomplete schooling, family history of early pregnancies, motherhood among their peer group, non-use of contraceptive methods and desire for pregnancy can contribute to adolescents becoming mothers early. (provided by Infomedic International)
ABSTRACT
Introducción: En Panamá el embarazo adolescente es un importante problema de salud pública, más que por sus cifras, por sus repercusiones biopsicosociales. Objetivo: Conocer las motivaciones y razones que llevan a una adolescente a convertirse en madre. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo. La muestra fue 204 adolescentes. Se utilizó cuestionario estructurado-tipo entrevista. Resultados: La edad media fue de 17.6 años. El 72.1% tiene madre/hermana con antecedentes de embarazo adolescente. El 57.4% atribuye su embarazo a la falta de control de los impulsos. El 30.4% revela que su embarazo fue deseado. El 38.2% de estos embarazos corresponden a sentimientos de invulnerabilidad frente al embarazo; 15.7% a una baja autoestima. Las razones del embarazo ligada a los anticonceptivos son las siguientes: 33.4% miedo a usarlo; 25% falta de conocimiento; 22.5% falta de dinero; 11.3% sentimientos de vergüenza al solicitarlo. Conclusiones: La copia de un patrón reproductivo intergeneracional se constituyó en la principal razón del embarazo. El deseo de maternidad para dar sentido a la vida, fue una de las más señaladas. Dentro de los embarazos no deseados, más de la mitad señaló la falta de control de los impulsos. Las razones de índole familiar, como escapar a los problemas del hogar, fueron los menos señalados. (provisto por Infomedic International)
Introduction: In Panama, adolescent pregnancy is an important public health problem, more than because of its numbers, because of its biopsychosocial repercussions. Objective: To determine the motivations and reasons that lead an adolescent to become a mother. Methods: Descriptive study. The sample consisted of 204 adolescents. A structured interview-type questionnaire was used. Results: The mean age was 17.6 years. The 72.1% had a mother/sister with a history of adolescent pregnancy. The 57.4% attributed their pregnancy to lack of impulse control. 30.4% disclose that their pregnancy was wanted. 38.2% of these pregnancies correspond to feelings of invulnerability to pregnancy; 15.7% to low self-esteem.The reasons for pregnancy linked to contraceptives are as follows: 33.4% fear of using it; 25% lack of knowledge; 22.5% lack of money; 11.3% feelings of embarrassment when requesting it. Conclusions: Copying an intergenerational reproductive pattern was constituted as the main reason for pregnancy. The desire for motherhood to give meaning to life was one of the most frequently mentioned. Among unwanted pregnancies, more than half pointed to lack of impulse control.Family reasons, such as escaping from problems at home, were the least reported. (provided by Infomedic International)