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O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas representa um dos principais fatores de risco de envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito. Objetivou-se analisar o panorama geral de consumo de bebida alcoólica por estudantes de medicina e as implicações nos acidentes de trânsito. Foram consultadas as bases de dados SciELO, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e incluídos dez artigos completos disponíveis entre 2010 e 2022, em língua portuguesa e inglesa. Resultou que o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelos estudantes variou de 76,6% a 81,2%, e que ingerir bebidas alcoólicas expõe os motoristas ao envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito 68% maior do que os que não estão expostos a tal fator. Concluiu-se que os estudantes de medicina, população jovem, apresentam um alto índice de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, e os motivos envolvidos apontam para o nível de pressão do curso, alta carga horária, períodos do curso mais avançados, festas acadêmicas e morar sem os pais.
The consumption of alcoholic drinks represents one of the main risk factors for the involvement in traffic accidents. The objective of this study was to analyze the general panorama of alcohol consumption by medical students and the implications for traffic accidents. SciELO, PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases were consulted, and ten full articles available between 2010 and 2022, in Portuguese and English, were included. The results obtained were that the consumption of alcoholic drinks by students ranged from 76.6% to 81.2%, and that alcohol drinking exposes drivers to involvement in 68% more traffic accidents than those who are not exposed to such factor. It was concluded that medical students, a young population, have a high rate of consumption of alcoholic beverages, and the reasons involved point to the level of pressure of the medical school, high workload, seniority in the program, academic parties, and living without the parents
El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas representa uno de los principales factores de riesgo de implicación en accidentes de tráfico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el panorama del consumo de alcohol por los estudiantes de medicina y las implicaciones en los accidentes de tránsito. Se consultaron las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y se incluyeron diez artículos completos disponibles entre 2010 y 2022, en portugués e inglés. Los resultados obtenidos fueran que el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas osciló entre 76,6% y 81,2%, y que el expone a los conductores a involucrarse en accidentes de tráfico un 68% más que aquellos que non están expuestos a tal factor. Se concluyó que los estudiantes de medicina, una población joven, tienen un alto índice de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, y los motivos involucrados apuntan para el nivel de presión del curso, alta carga horaria, períodos más avanzados del curso, fiestas académicas y morar sin los padres
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Introducción. La obesidad abdominal es considerada un factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes. El consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol y la inactividad física también son factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la obesidad abdominal, el consumo de alcohol y la inactividad física en universitarios panameños. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico realizado en 374 estudiantes universitarios panameños en el periodo abril diciembre de 2021. Se implementó el cuestionario para la vigilancia de factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y se evaluó la circunferencia de cintura. La obesidad abdominal se estableció con una circunferencia de cintura ≥80 cm en mujeres y ≥90 cm en hombres. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y múltiples usando modelos de regresión logística para determinar la asociación entre las variables del estudio. Las pruebas U Mann-Whitney y Chi cuadrado fueron utilizadas para analizar diferencias por sexo. Resultados: Una tercera parte de los universitarios participantes presentaron obesidad abdominal. Las mujeres reportaron mayores niveles de inactividad física (<0,0001) y conducta sedentaria (p=0,0010) que los hombres. Después de ajustar por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico, la obesidad abdominal estuvo asociada con la inactividad física (OR: 1,762, IC 95%: 1,040 2,985, p=0,035) y el consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol (OR 1,114, IC: 1,015 1,223, p=0,023). Conclusiones: Los universitarios panameños que reportaron bajos niveles de actividad física y consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de registrar obesidad abdominal(AU)
Introduction. Abdominal obesity is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Episodic excessive consumption of alcohol and physical inactivity are behavioral risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases. Objective: To analyze the association between abdominal obesity, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity in Panamanian university students. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 374 Panamanian university students in the period April December 2021. The questionnaire for the surveillance of risk factors for non-communicable diseases of the World Health Organization was implemented and waist circumference was evaluated. Abdominal obesity was established with a waist circumference ≥80 cm in women and ≥90 cm in men. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analyzes were performed using logistic regression models to determine the association between the study variables. The Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests were used to analyze differences by sex. Results: A third of the participating university students had abdominal obesity. Women reported higher levels of physical inactivity (<0,0001) and sedentary behavior (p=0,0010) than men. After adjusting for sex, age and socioeconomic status, abdominal obesity was associated with physical inactivity (OR: 1,762, 95% CI: 1,040 2,985, p=0,035) and episodic heavy alcohol consumption (OR 1,114, CI: 1,015 1,223, p=0,023). Conclusions: Students who reported low levels of physical inactivity and binge drinking were more likely to have abdominal obesity(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Universities , Alcohol Drinking , Feeding Behavior , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Sedentary Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Students , Body Mass Index , Waist Circumference , Noncommunicable Diseases , Heart Disease Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective @#To investigate the risk factors associated with the presence of multiple Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs ) in patients with early esophageal cancer and the correlation with alcohol dehy-drogenase 1B(ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2) polymorphisms .@*Methods @#Patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection due to early esophageal cancer were divided into group with multiple LVLs and group without multiple LVLs based on their endoscopic features . Their clinical data and the genotype of ADH1B and ALDH2 were collect- ed and SPSS 27 . 0 was used to statistically analyze the above data.@*Results @#A total of 83 subjects were included in the study , 23 had multiple LVLs , most of them were seen in males , alcohol drinkers , and smokers with smoking index≥1 000 , and multivariate analysis showed that alcohol consumption was an independent risk factor for it (OR = 6. 215 , P = 0. 008) . The gene polymorphism of ADH1B and ALDH2 and their interactions did not have any sig- nificant correlation with multiple LVLs . However , among alcohol drinkers , there was a 12 -fold increased risk of multiple LVLs in patients carrying the ALDH2 A allele and drinking ≥50 g per day compared to those carrying the ALDH2 GG genotype and drinking < 50 g per day ( P = 0. 045) .@*Conclusion @#Alcohol consumption is an inde- pendent risk factor of multiple LVLs of the esophageal mucosa in patients with early esophageal cancer , and heavy alcohol consumption in carriers of the ALDH2 A allele will significantly increase the risk of multiple LVLs , and such patients should be closely followed up with endoscopy .
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Some maternal characteristics are related to alcohol intake during pregnancy, which irreversibly compromises the maternal-fetal binomial integrity. OBJECTIVES: To identify the frequency, impact, and factors associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was performed at the Hospital Materno Infantil Presidente Vargas (HMIPV) in Porto Alegre/RS between March and December 2016. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was administered along with a medical records review. They refer to the maternal sociodemographic and gestational status, alcohol consumption patterns, and characteristics of the fetus/newborn. In the statistical analysis, P values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The frequency of alcohol intake was 37.3%; this was characterized by the consumption of fermented beverages (89.3%), especially during the first trimester (79.6%). Risky consumption (high and/or early) occurred for 30.2% of participants. Risk factors associated with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy were tobacco use (P < 0.001) and abortion attempt (P = 0.023). Living with a partner (P = 0.002) and planning pregnancy (P = 0.009) were protective factors. Risky consumption was related to all of the aforementioned variables as well as threatened abortion (P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol intake during pregnancy is common and affects nearly one-third of pregnant women. Knowledge of the population at risk and protective factors is essential for the development of campaigns that seek to reduce consumption and, therefore, its consequences for the mother and fetus.
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RESUMO Objetivo. Sistematizar evidências sobre o efeito de intervenções mundiais para a redução do consumo e/ou venda de bebidas alcoólicas. Método. Mapa de evidências que, a partir de buscas em nove bases bibliográficas, incluiu 182 estudos de revisões sistemáticas com ou sem metanálises, revisões de intervenções e revisões de revisões. Os estudos avaliaram o efeito de intervenções - agrupadas em conjuntos abrangentes de ações: comunicação para mudança de comportamento; ambientes promotores da saúde e mudanças dos sistemas - sobre dois desfechos de interesse: redução de consumo e redução da compra e/ou venda de álcool. Resultados. Foram registradas 207 associações entre diferentes intervenções e desfechos, com destaque para intervenções de comunicação para mudança de comportamento (81,64%) e para o desfecho de redução de consumo (98,55%). A maioria das associações apresentou efeito positivo (40,58%), inconclusivo (28,99%) ou potencialmente positivo (26,57%). Das intervenções com resultado positivo ou potencialmente positivo, destacam-se o monopólio de vendas de bebidas alcoólicas pelo governo, controle de densidade de pontos de venda, cobrança de preço mínimo por unidade, advertências sanitárias em rótulo de bebidas alcoólicas e múltiplas intervenções integradas. Conclusão. Espera-se que o presente mapa auxilie formuladores de políticas públicas e profissionais de saúde na adaptação de experiências para seus contextos de atuação, estimulando ações intersetoriais para reduzir o consumo de álcool.
ABSTRACT Objective. Systematize evidence on the effect of global interventions to reduce the consumption and/or sale of alcoholic beverages. Method. Evidence map based on searches in nine bibliographic databases, including 182 studies of systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis, reviews of interventions, and reviews of reviews. The studies evaluated the effect of interventions grouped into comprehensive sets of actions: communication for behavior change; health-promoting environments; and systemic changes. Two outcomes of interest were considered: reduction in alcohol consumption and reduction in its purchase/sale. Results. A total of 207 associations between different interventions and outcomes were recorded, with emphasis on communication for behavior change (81.64%) and reduction of consumption (98.55%). Most of the associations showed a positive (40.58%), inconclusive (28.99%), or potentially positive (26.57%) effect. The main interventions with positive or potentially positive results were: a government monopoly on the sale of alcoholic beverages, control of the density of points of sale, charging a minimum price per unit, health warnings on alcoholic beverage labels, and multiple integrated interventions. Conclusion. It is hoped that this map will help public policy makers and healthcare professionals adapt experiences to their own contexts, stimulating intersectoral actions to reduce alcohol consumption.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Sistematizar la evidencia sobre el efecto de las intervenciones mundiales para reducir el consumo o la venta de bebidas alcohólicas. Método. A partir de búsquedas en nueve bases de datos bibliográficas, se elaboró un mapa de la evidencia que incluyó 182 estudios de revisión sistemática sola o con metaanálisis, revisión de intervenciones o revisión de revisiones. En estos estudios se evaluó el efecto de las intervenciones, agrupadas en conjuntos completos de acciones (es decir, comunicación para el cambio de comportamiento, entornos promotores de la salud y cambios en los sistemas) sobre dos desenlaces de interés: la reducción del consumo y la reducción de la compra o la venta de alcohol. Resultados. Se registraron 207 asociaciones entre diferentes intervenciones y desenlaces. Entre las intervenciones destacan las de comunicación para el cambio de comportamiento (81,64%) y entre los desenlaces el de reducción del consumo (98,55%). En su mayoría, las asociaciones mostraron un efecto favorable (40,58%), no concluyente (28,99%) o posiblemente favorable (26,57%). Entre las intervenciones con resultados favorables o posiblemente favorables destacan las siguientes: el establecimiento de un monopolio gubernamental de la venta de bebidas alcohólicas, el control de la densidad de puntos de venta, el cobro de un precio mínimo por unidad, las advertencias de salud en las etiquetas de las bebidas alcohólicas y varias intervenciones integradas. Conclusión. Se espera que este mapa ayude a los responsables de las políticas públicas y a los profesionales de la salud a adaptar las experiencias a sus ámbitos de actuación, fomentando la introducción de medidas intersectoriales para reducir el consumo de alcohol.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Studies have indicated a substantial increase in alcohol consumption among university students. Specifically, abusive consumption among health students can adversely affect their academic training and future professional practice. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze alcohol consumption habits among healthcare students and investigate the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and sociodemographic and academic variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: We performed this cross-sectional study at a private university located in the city of Salvador, Bahia. METHODS: We conducted this study with 770 students using a printed, self-administered, anonymous questionnaire containing sociodemographic and academic performance data, as well as the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Rutgers Alcohol Problems Inventory (RAPI). RESULTS: We observed that the prevalence of alcohol consumption (65.1%) and binge drinking (57.5%) among Brazilian healthcare students was high, with more frequent consumption among men (73.1%), in medicine (83.0%) and veterinary medicine (79.1%) programs and in semesters beyond the fourth (71.7%). We found associations between drinking habits and sex (P = 0.016), religion (P < 0.000), course (P < 0.000) and semester (P = 0.047). Binge drinking was associated with attending academic activities without getting any sleep (P < 0.000), missing classes due to hangovers (P < 0.000), encountering issues with the institution's administration (P = 0.028), and failing to complete activities due to alcohol consumption (P < 0.000). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of alcohol consumption and binge drinking among Brazilian healthcare students was high and associated with sex, religion, course, academic semester, risky behaviors, and negative academic impacts.
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This study systematically reviews the evidence on the association between sense of coherence (SOC) and substance use during adulthood. Two researchers conducted independent literature searches on the PubMed, LILACS, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. Original articles assessing SOC and substance use in adults (age > 19 years) were included. Two reviewers independently assessed studies in two phases - initially by reading the title/abstract, then the full text. Discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Estimates were pooled using random-effects models. Bibliographic search identified 21 studies on the association between SOC and substance use in adults. Studies (n = 11) that assessed the association with tobacco smoking found a 0.92 (95%CI: 0.82; 1.01, very low degree of certainty) odds of smoking among those with a high SOC; the association was not modified by age. Individuals with a strong SOC had lower odds of using alcohol (pooled effect: OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.50; 0.90, very low degree of certainty); adjustment for confounding variables decreased the magnitude of the association (pooled OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.80; 0.98). This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that a strong SOC protects against substance use among adults regardless of age, with practical implications for preventive interventions and tailored strategies aimed at high-risk individuals. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the impact of SOC on substance use. Examining interactions with socioeconomic factors and including diverse populations would enhance generalizability.
O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer uma revisão sistemática das evidências sobre a associação entre senso de coerência (SOC) e uso de substâncias na vida adulta. Dois pesquisadores buscaram, independentemente, as bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, PsycINFO e Web of Science. Foram incluídos artigos originais que avaliaram o SOC e o uso de substâncias em adultos (idade > 19 anos). Dois revisores avaliaram, independentemente, os estudos em duas fases - inicialmente com base no título/resumo e, em seguida, no texto completo. Discrepâncias foram resolvidas por um terceiro revisor. Modelos de efeitos aleatórios foram usados para agrupar as estimativas. Identificamos 21 estudos que investigaram a associação entre SOC e uso de substâncias em adultos. Entre os 11 estudos que avaliaram a associação com o tabagismo, a chance de fumar foi de 0,92 (IC95%: 0,82; 1,01, grau de confiança muito baixo) entre aqueles com alto SOC, e a associação não foi modificada pela idade. Indivíduos com forte SOC tiveram menores chances de usar álcool (efeito combinado: OR = 0,70, IC95%: 0,50; 0,90, grau de confiança muito baixo), e o ajuste para confusão diminuiu a magnitude da associação (OR combinado = 0,89, IC95%: 0.80; 0.98). Esta revisão sistemática e metanálise sugere que um forte SOC protege contra o uso de substâncias entre adultos, independentemente da idade, com implicações práticas para intervenções preventivas e estratégias personalizadas, especialmente para indivíduos de alto risco. Estudos longitudinais são necessários para entender o impacto do SOC no uso de substâncias. Examinar as interações com fatores socioeconômicos e incluir diversas populações aumentaria a generalização.
Este estudio realiza una revisión sistemática sobre la asociación entre sentido de coherencia (SOC) y uso de sustancias en la edad adulta. Dos investigadores realizaron búsquedas de forma independiente en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS, PsycINFO y Web of Science. Se incluyeron artículos originales que evaluaron el SOC y el uso de sustancias por adultos (edad > 19 años). Dos evaluadores examinaron de forma independiente los estudios en dos etapas: primero, el título/resumen; y, después, el texto completo. Las discrepancias fueron resueltas por un tercer evaluador. Se utilizaron modelos de efectos aleatorios para agrupar las estimaciones. Se identificaron 21 estudios sobre la asociación entre SOC y uso de sustancias por adultos. De 11 estudios que evaluaron la asociación con el tabaquismo, la propensión al tabaquismo fue de 0,92 (IC95%: 0,82; 1,01, grado de confianza muy bajo) entre las personas con alto SOC; y la asociación no sufrió cambios según la edad. Las personas con alto SOC tenían menor propensión a consumir alcohol (efecto combinado: OR = 0,70, IC95%: 0,50; 0,90, grado de confianza muy bajo), y el ajuste por confusión disminuyó la intensidad de la asociación (OR combinado = 0,89, IC95%: 0,80; 0,98). Esta revisión sistemática y metanálisis muestra que un alto SOC protege contra el uso de sustancias por adultos, independientemente de la edad, con implicaciones prácticas para las intervenciones de prevención y las estrategias personalizadas, especialmente para las personas con alto riesgo. Se necesitan estudios longitudinales para comprender el impacto del SOC en el uso de sustancias. Analizar las interacciones con los factores socioeconómicos e incluir otras poblaciones podría aumentar la generalización.
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Abstract Background: Teenage pregnancy is a significant public health issue in Mexico; its prevalence oscillates around 20% of all pregnancies. Concurrently, alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use have become more common in this age group. Methods: To estimate the prevalence of substance exposure in a population of pregnant teenagers, we conducted a prospective, observational, and cross-sectional study. The protocol was approved by the institutional review board. On informed consent, we asked 420 consecutive pregnant youngsters cared for at the outpatient obstetric service of a tertiary public regional women´s and children´s hospital in Nuevo León, in northeast Mexico, to answer a previously validated questionnaire to estimate the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs use during pregnancy. Results: Of the 420 participants, 317 (75.5%) consumed at least one substance during pregnancy. Alcohol, either alone or in combination, was consumed by 300 (71.7%) participants. Tobacco was used by 117 (27.8%) participants, almost always in combination with other substances, while marijuana and other illicit drugs were consumed by 92 (21.9%) participants. Approximately one-fourth of the participants, 102 (24.1%) reported no substance use during pregnancy. Conclusions: In this series, the reported prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs consumption during pregnancy, explored with a validated instrument, is higher than that previously reported in our country. This fact offers a worrying picture of another set of factors adding to the burden of teenage pregnancy.
Resumen Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia ha adquirido gran importancia en la salud pública en México; su prevalencia oscila alrededor del 20% de los embarazos. Paralelamente, el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilícitas en este periodo es cada vez más común en estas jóvenes. Métodos: Para estimar la prevalencia de exposición a estas substancias en adolescentes embarazadas, se llevó a cabo un estudio prospectivo, observacional y transversal. El protocolo fue aprobado por los Comités de Ética e Investigación. Previo consentimiento informado, se solicito a 420 jóvenes embarazadas atendidas en la clínica prenatal del hospital materno-infantil más grande en Nuevo León, que respondieran un cuestionario previamente validado para estimar la prevalencia del consumo de substancias. Resultados: De 420 participantes, 317 (75.5%) consumieron al menos una de estas sustancias durante el embarazo. El alcohol, solo o en combinación, fue consumido por 300 (71.5%). El tabaco fue usado por 117 (27.8%), casi siempre en combinación con otras sustancias, mientras que la mariguana y otras drogas ilícitas fueron consumidas por 92 (21.9%) participantes. Alrededor de una cuarta parte del grupo estudiado (24.1%) reportó no haber consumido ninguna de estas substancias en su embarazo. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie, la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilícitas durante el embarazo, explorada con un instrumento validado, es mayor de la reportada en estimaciones previas en nuestro país. Estos datos ofrecen un panorama preocupante de una serie de factores que se agregan a la carga del embarazo en la adolescencia.
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Objetivo: investigar el efecto de una intervención a distancia sobre los síntomas de ansiedad y el consumo de alcohol en usuarios del servicio de Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: estudio cuasiexperimental, realizado con 1270 participantes que respondieron al Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test y al State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6. De estos, 1033 encuestados obtuvieron puntajes de síntomas de ansiedad moderada/grave (STAI-6 > 3) y consumo de alcohol de riesgo moderado/grave (AUDIT-C>3), y recibieron las intervenciones mediante llamada telefónica con un seguimiento de siete y 180 días. Para analizar los datos se utilizó un modelo de regresión de efectos mixtos. Resultados: el efecto de la intervención realizada fue positivo para reducir los síntomas de ansiedad entre T0 y T1 (µ=1,6 p<0,001) y para reducir el patrón de consumo de alcohol entre t1 y t3 (µ=1,57 p< 0,001). Conclusión: los resultados del seguimiento sugieren que la intervención tuvo un efecto positivo en la reducción de la ansiedad y el patrón de consumo de alcohol que tiende a mantenerse en el tiempo. Existe evidencia de que la intervención propuesta puede ser una alternativa para la atención preventiva en salud mental, en situaciones donde se comprometa la accesibilidad del usuario o del profesional.
Objective: to investigate the effect of a remote intervention on anxiety symptoms and alcohol use in users of the Primary Health Care service. Method: a quasi-experimental study conducted with 1,270 participants who answered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-6. Of these, 1,033 interviewees scored for moderate/severe anxiety symptoms (STAI-6 > 3) and moderate/severe risk alcohol use (AUDIT-C > 3), and received the interventions via telephone calls with follow-up periods lasting seven and 180 days. For data analysis, a mixed-effects regression model was used. Results: the effect of the intervention performed was positive in reducing anxiety symptoms between T0 and T1 (µ=1.6, p<0.001) and in reducing the alcohol use pattern between T1 and T3 (µ=1.57, p<0.001) Conclusion: the follow-up results suggest a positive effect of the intervention in reducing anxiety and the alcohol use pattern, which tends to be maintained over time. There is diverse evidence that the intervention proposed can be an alternative for preventive care in mental health, in situations where accessibility of the user or the professional is compromised.
Objetivo: investigar o efeito de uma intervenção remota nos sintomas de ansiedade e no uso de álcool em usuários do serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo quase experimental, realizado com 1270 participantes que responderam o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test e a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6. Desses, 1033 entrevistados pontuaram para sintomas de ansiedade moderada/severa (STAI-6>3) e uso de risco de álcool moderado/severo (AUDIT-C>3), e receberam as intervenções via chamada telefônica com follow-up de sete e 180 dias. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se um modelo de regressão de efeitos mistos. Resultados: o efeito da intervenção realizada foi positivo na redução dos sintomas de ansiedade entre T0 e T1 (µ=1,6 p<0.001) e na redução do padrão de uso de álcool entre t1 e t3 (µ=1,57 p<0.001). Conclusão: os resultados do follow-up sugerem efeito positivo da intervenção na redução da ansiedade e no padrão de uso de álcool, o qual tende a se manter ao longo do tempo. Há evidências de que a intervenção proposta pode ser uma alternativa para o cuidado preventivo em saúde mental, em situações nas quais a acessibilidade do usuário ou do profissional encontram-se comprometidas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety/therapy , Primary Health Care , Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Telenursing , COVID-19/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Interventions to reduce risky alcohol use are a priority in all clinical settings, including the hospital setting. Objectives: To describe the sociodemographic, family, and clinical characteristics of people who drink at risky levels in a university hospital, and to evaluate the association between these factors and their intention to reduce alcohol use, measured according to the stage of behavioral change they are at, which is referred to in this study as "intention to change". Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 176 patients between 19 and 64 years-old classified as risky drinkers (according to AUDIT score) who underwent a surgical or a diagnostic procedure in a quaternary care hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, between April 2018 and March 2020. Bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (ordinal logistic regression) analyses were performed to evaluate associations between independent variables (sociodemographic, family, clinical, and alcohol use-related characteristics) and intention to change. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated, and a significance level of p<0.05 was considered. Results: The prevalence of risky alcohol use was 4.88% (95%CI: 4.17-5.58) (176/3 609). Most participants were male (82.95%), over 30 years old (71.02%), and in the "preparation" stage of behavior change (63.63%). In the multivariate analysis, being older than 30 years was associated with a greater intention to change (31-45 years: aOR=3.68; 95%CI:1.56-9.06; 46-64 years: aOR=2.63; 95%CI:1.20-5.86), while having a high socioeconomic level was associated with a lower intention to change (aOR=0.06; 95%CI:0.01-0.50). Conclusions. A greater intention to reduce alcohol use was observed in individuals over 30 years of age, as well as in those with a greater perception of the benefits of such reduction, those with a better perception of self-efficacy, and patients with previous attempts to reduce their alcohol use. In contrast, having a high socioeconomic level was associated with a lower intention to change.
Resumen Introducción. Las intervenciones para reducir el consumo riesgoso de alcohol son una prioridad en todos los escenarios clínicos, incluido el hospitalario. Objetivos. Describir las características sociodemográficas, familiares y clínicas en personas con consumo riesgoso de alcohol en un hospital universitario y evaluar la asociación entre estos factores y la intención de disminuir el consumo, medida según la etapa de cambio comportamental y denominada en este estudio como "intención de cambio". Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en 176 pacientes entre 19 y 64 años con consumo riesgoso de alcohol (según puntaje AUDIT) sometidos a una intervención quirúrgica o procedimiento diagnóstico entre abril de 2018 y marzo de 2020 en un hospital de cuarto nivel de Bogotá, Colombia. Se realizó un análisis bivariado (Chi-cuadrado) y uno multivariado (regresión logística ordinal) para evaluar las asociaciones entre las variables independientes (características sociodemográficas, familiares, clínicas y relacionadas con el consumo de alcohol) y la intención de cambio. Se calcularon Odds Ratio ajustados (ORa) y se consideró un nivel de significancia de p<0.05 Resultados. La prevalencia de consumo riesgoso de alcohol fue de 4.88% (IC95%: 4.17-5.58) (176/3 609). La mayoría de participantes eran hombres (82.95%), tenían más de 30 años (71.02%) y estaban en la etapa "preparación" de cambio comportamental (63.63%). En el análisis multivariado, ser mayor de 30 años se asoció con mayor intención de cambio (31-45 años: ORa=3.68, IC95%:1.56-9.06; 46-64 años: ORa=2.63; IC95%: 1.20-5.86) y, por el contrario, ser de un estrato socioeconómico alto se asoció con menor intención (ORa=0.06; IC95%: 0.01-0.50). Conclusiones. Se observó una mayor intención de disminuir el consumo de alcohol en los participantes mayores de 30 años, aquellos con mayor percepción de los beneficios de dicha disminución, aquellos con mayor percepción de autoeficacia, y en los pacientes con intentos previos de disminución; en contraposición, el estrato socioeconómico alto se asoció con menor intención de cambio.
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A pandemia do coronavírus criou incertezas sobre os impactos da doença na saúde dos universitários relacionados ao padrão de uso de substâncias psicoativas. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas entre universitários da área da saúde antes e durante a pandemia da covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com inquéritos repetidos. Para determinar o padrão de uso das substâncias psicoativas, utilizou-se o Teste de Triagem do Envolvimento com Álcool, Tabaco e Outras Substâncias (ASSIST). Foi realizada a análise de regressão logística com a medida do desfecho expressa por odds ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Obtiveram-se as seguintes associações para o maior consumo de substâncias psicoativas antes da pandemia: homossexuais/bissexuais e tabaco no mês; não iniciantes no curso e álcool (na vida e no mês) e drogas ilícitas na vida. Ademais, a análise ajustada dos estudantes durante a pandemia demonstrou que a associação foi mantida: homossexuais/bissexuais e tabaco na vida e no mês, álcool no mês e drogas ilícitas na vida. Concluiu-se que a universidade deve buscar a implementação de políticas de assistência estudantil, garantindo aos alunos um bem-estar físico e emocional.
The coronavirus pandemic created uncertainty about the health impacts of the disease on college students related to the pattern of psychoactive substance use. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among university health students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study, with repeated surveys. To determine the pattern of psychoactive substance use the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used. The logistic regression analysis was performed with the measurement of the outcome expressed by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. The following associations were obtained for the highest consumption of psychoactive substance before the pandemic: homosexuals/bisexuals and tobacco in the month; non-beginners in the course and alcohol (in life and in the month), and illicit drugs in life. Furthermore, the adjusted analysis of students during the pandemic showed that the association remained: homosexuals/bisexuals and tobacco in life and month, alcohol in month, and illicit drugs in life. In conclusion, the university must seek to implement student assistance policies, guaranteeing students' physical and emotional wellbeing.
La pandemia de coronavirus produjo incertidumbres sobre las repercusiones de la enfermedad en la salud de los estudiantes universitarios relacionadas con el patrón de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilícitas entre los estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con encuestas repetidas. Para determinar el patrón de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, se utilizó la Prueba de Detección de Consumo de Alcohol, Tabaco y Sustancias ASSIST. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística con la medida de resultado expresada por odds ratio y un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Se obtuvieron las siguientes asociaciones para el mayor consumo antes de la pandemia: homosexuales/bisexuales y tabaco en el mes; no iniciados en el curso y alcohol (en la vida y en el mes) y drogas ilícitas en la vida. Además, el análisis ajustado de los estudiantes en la pandemia se mantuvo asociado con: homosexuales/bisexuales y tabaco en la vida y el mes, alcohol en el mes y drogas ilícitas en la vida. Se concluye que la universidad debe implementar políticas de asistencia a los estudiantes para garantizarles bienestar físico y emocional.
Subject(s)
Psychotropic DrugsABSTRACT
Resumo O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e produtos de tabaco é mais frequente entre universitários, quando comparado à população geral. Especialmente em se tratando de universitários da área da saúde, como os estudantes em Enfermagem. Destaca-se o fato de ser uma formação em que o principal fio condutor é o cuidado humano, logo, consumir substâncias potencialmente danosas ao próprio organismo e, ao mesmo tempo, ter a tarefa de ser um agente de cuidados, prevenção e promoção em saúde, pode configurar um grande desafio. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar as representações sociais que universitários de Enfermagem possuem acerca do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e produtos de tabaco, compreendendo as razões pelas quais esta prática ocorre. Participaram do estudo 28 alunos dos últimos semestres da graduação em Enfermagem de uma universidade privada na cidade de São Paulo- Brasil. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário de caracterização da amostra e uma questão-caso ilustrando um contexto de ingestão das substâncias avaliadas. Os dados foram analisados a partir da metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo de Lefèvre e Lefèvre, utilizando-se alguns recursos da psicanálise para interpretação dos resultados. Os resultados apontam que as substâncias mais utilizadas foram as bebidas alcoólicas, seguido pelo narguilé. Aspectos de socialização, válvula de escape e prazer se mostraram bastante associados à ingestão das substâncias, portanto, conclui-se que estes não devem ser desprezados e tampouco descontextualizados na criação de políticas para redução do consumo.
Abstract Alcohol and tobacco products consumption is more common in undergraduate students than in the general population. Undergraduates from the health field, especially nursing students, call attention since the guiding line of their formation is human care. Therefore, consuming substances that can damage one's organism, while having the task of being an agent of health care, promotion, and prevention can be a great challenge. The main objective of this study was to investigate the social representation of nursing undergraduates about alcohol and tobacco products consumption, in an attempt to understand why this practice takes place. The participants were 28 students from the last semesters of nursing graduation in a private university in the city of São Paulo- Brazil. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire to characterize the sample and a question-case regarding a story to illustrate a context of consumption of the substances evaluated. Data was analyzed using Discourse of the Collective Subject methodology, by Lefèvre and Lefèvre, taken resources from psychoanalysis to interpret the results. The results indicated that the most used substance was alcohol, followed by the hookah. There was an association between the use of the substances and aspects related to socialization, finding an emotional release, and pleasure. Therefore, these aspects cannot be dismissed, nor taken out of their context during the creation of policies to reduce consumption.
Resumen El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y productos derivados del tabaco es más frecuente entre universitarios que en la población en general. Especialmente los estudiantes de la salud, como los de enfermería, llaman la atención porque, en su formación, el principal hilo conductor es el cuidado humano. Así, consumir sustancias potencialmente dañinas a su propio organismo y tener la tarea de ser un agente de cuidados, prevención y promoción de la salud, puede ser un gran desafío. El principal objetivo de ese estudio fue investigar las representaciones sociales de estudiantes universitarios de enfermería con respecto al consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y de productos derivados del tabaco, comprendiendo las razones por las cuales esa práctica ocurre. Participaron 28 estudiantes de los últimos semestres de enfermería de una universidad privada en la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. Para la recolección de los datos, se utilizó un cuestionario para caracterizar la muestra y una cuestión-caso referente a una historia, ilustrando un contexto de consumo de las sustancias evaluadas. Se analizaron los datos con la metodología del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo, de Lefèvre y Lefèvre, y se utilizaron algunos recursos de psicoanálisis para interpretar los resultados. Los resultados indican que las sustancias más utilizadas fueron las bebidas alcohólicas, seguida por el narguile. Se encontró asociación entre aspectos relacionados con la socialización, la búsqueda de un escape emocional y el placer con el consumo de las sustancias. Por tanto, estos aspectos no pueden ser desestimados, ni descontextualizados en la creación de políticas para reducir el consumo.
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Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los Eventos Estresantes de la Vida y el consumo de alcohol en los Adultos Mayores. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, en 39 participantes de Santa Catarina, Nuevo León, México. Se aplicó una Cédula de Datos Personales, el Inventario de Estrés en la Vida de Adultos Mayores y el Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-Versión Geriatric. Resultados: El 82.1% de los participantes pertenece al sexo femenino, existieron diferencias en las medias del puntaje del consumo de alcohol de acuerdo con el sexo (U = 70.00; p < 0.05). Los eventos que se relacionaron con el consumo de alcohol fueron la muerte de un hijo(a) (rs =.393, p = .013), el deterioro del estado financiero (rs =.342, p =.033), el cambiarse a una casa menos cómoda (rs =.560, p= .001 y la pérdida de un amigo(a) rs =.409, p = .010). Conclusiones: Los eventos estresantes pueden impactar de forma negativa al AM e influir en el consumo de alcohol como una estrategia de afrontamiento.
Abstract Objective: Determine the relationship between stressful life events and alcohol consumption in elders. Materials and methods: Correlational descriptive study, in 39 participants from Santa Catarina, Nuevo León, Mexico. A personal data record, the Stress Inventory in the Life of Older Adults and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-Geriatric Version were applied. Results: 82.1% of participants were females, there were differences in the means of the alcohol consumption score according to sex (U = 70.00, p < 0.05). The events that were related to alcohol consumption were the death of a son (rs = .393, p = .013), the deterioration of the financial state (rs = .342, p = .033), the change to a less comfortable house (rs = .560, p = .000) and the loss of a friend rs = .409, p = .010). Conclusions: Stressful events can negatively impact AM and influence alcohol consumption as a coping strategy.
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RESUMEN Datos recientes muestran que el abuso crónico de alcohol puede conducir a disfunción cardiovascular, a partir de dosis de etanol tradicionalmente consideradas bajas, y que la aparición de arritmias, incluyendo la fibrilación auricular, aumenta aún en consumidores de alcohol moderados. Los otros mecanismos comunes del impacto negativo del etanol están relacionados con el desarrollo de hipertensión y su consecuencia directa, la hipertrofia, fibrosis y disfunción diastólica. Debido a que la probabilidad de reversibilidad del remodelamiento cardíaco depende de un diagnóstico temprano de disfunción cardíaca, se debería recomendar la aplicación más amplia de métodos nuevos y más sensibles de evaluación de la función miocárdica, incluyendo el strain longitudinal ventricular izquierdo y derecho, así como de los protocolos adaptados a la ecocardiografía de estrés.
ABSTRACT The recent data show that chronic overuse of alcohol may lead to cardiovascular dysfunction, starting from traditionally judged as low ethanol doses, and that the burden of arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, increases even in moderate alcohol consumers. The other common mechanisms of the disadvantageous impact of ethanol are related to the development of hypertension and its direct aftermath, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. Since the chance of the reversibility of cardiac remodeling depends on the early diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction, the wider application of novel and sensitive methods of myocardial function assessment, including longitudinal strain of the left and right ventricles, as well as the adapted protocols for stress echocardiography, should be recommended.
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Objective@#To understand prevalence and trend of drinking behavior among middle school students in Quzhou during 2012 to 2022, and to provide a basis for formulating scientific and effective intervention measures for adolescent drinking.@*Methods@#By using stratified cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey using Zhejiang adolescent health related behavior questionnaire was conducted anonymously in selected classes in May 2012, 2017 and 2022, respectively. Changes of drinking behavior of middle school students in different years were analyzed.@*Results@#The prevalence of ever drinking, current drinking and drunkenness among middle school students in Quzhou decreased from 58.05%, 22.70% and 21.25% in 2012 to 41.83%, 15.35% and 11.54% in 2022, respectively ( χ 2 trend =82.69, 30.00,58.24, P <0.01). In the past 30 days, 66.67% of students reported drinking 1-2 days, the proportion of drinking for 3-5 days increased from 16.36% in 2012 to 26.19% in 2022, the proportion of drinking for 6-19 days decreased from 13.03% in 2012 to 3.40% in 2022. The proportion of buying alcohol increased from 22.12% in 2012 to 35.03% in 2022. The results of the three surveys showed that, now drinking rates, drinking rates, Male students (27.88%,23.96%,18.75%;24.69%,17.44%,13.75%) was higher than the girls (17.60%,17.25%,11.31%;17.87%,10.61%,8.91%), non ordinary high schools (33.96%,34.69%,22.77%;33.65%,23.91%,19.49%) were higher than ordinary high schools (25.82%,18.80%, 12.62 %;25.82%,17.35%,9.94%) and junior middle school (16.53%,15.83%,12.22%;13.93%,8.47%,7.35%).@*Conclusion@#Progress in adolescent drinking control is being made in Quzhou, with the prevalence of ever drinking, current drinking and drunkenness significantly decreased. It is necessary to strengthen the control of drinking behavior among middle school students from the aspects of school, family and society, especially for boys and students in non ordinary high school students.
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Increasing alcohol excise taxes has been confirmed by the World Health Organization as the most cost-effective public policy for reducing alcohol consumption at the population level. In recent years, studies in foreign countries have believed that increasing alcohol excise taxes can improve the burden of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), but it is still unclear whether this policy is applicable to ALD management in China. Therefore, with reference to related research evidence in China and globally, this article analyzes the key factors influencing the effectiveness of the policy of increasing alcohol excise taxes from the perspective of ALD management in China, including tax shifting, price elasticity of demand, and unrecorded alcohol, and introduces other public policies that help curb ALD. We think that increasing alcohol excise taxes is currently a useful but not effective policy for improving the burden of ALD in China.
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Objective@#To explore the patterns of health risk behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai, so as to provide a basis for implementing targeted interventions.@*Methods@#From May to June 2021, 21 junior high schools, regular high schools and secondary vocational schools were selected from Shanghai, and the occurrence of dangerous health behaviors of 6 092 students were investigated in the form of self-filled questionnaires. The clustering analysis of the sample was performed by Ward s departure and peace method.@*Results@#Three types of clustering characteristics were found in this study: being bullied, depression (64.9%), loneliness (48.2%), and insomnia (42.4%) in the high-risk group (1 004, 16.5%); excessive video games (53.1%) and sugary drinks (89.3%) and fried food intake (79.0%) in the medium-risk group (1 585, 26.0%); the low-risk group (3 503, 57.5%) was characterized by extremely low alcohol consumption (0) and smoking (0.4%). The reporting rate on sugary beverage intake, fried food intake, physical activity, malicious teased, solicited, isolated/intentionally excluded, outside the group activities, threatened, kicked/hit/pushed/locked in house, smoking, unhealthy weight loss, playing video game overtime were statistically significant among the three groups ( χ 2=36.74, 41.85, 30.07, 652.68, 334.40, 669.89, 358.84, 233.12, 101.46, 88.45, 230.15, P <0.01) .The difference in reporting rates of loneliness, depression, insomnia and drinking were significant among the three groups (Fisher s test, P <0.01). The majority of junior high school students, general high school students and girls in the high-risk group; boys, general high school students and junior high school students in the excessive video game and unhealthy diet group.@*Conclusion@#There are clusters of health-related risk behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai, focusing on two major aspects: poor lifestyle and mental health. Targeted interventions should be implemented according to the characteristics of health-related risk behaviors clustering to enhance the intervention effect.
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This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychoactive substance use by adolescents from public schools. This is a cross-sectional study that used a random sample of adolescents from five public schools located in a municipality in the central-west region of the São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil. Information on demographic, socioeconomic, and drug use was collected using self-report questionnaires. The sample consisted of 1,460 students, 716 (49%) males, aged 10-19 years (13.19±2.04 years). The prevalence of psychoactive substance use in the last month was 51% for analgesics; 48.8% for alcohol; 37.3% for tobacco; 30.8% for tranquilizers; 23.1% for marijuana; 22.6% for anabolic steroids; 21.6% for ecstasy; 15.3% for amphetamines/stimulants; 13.4% for phencyclidine; 12.9% for cocaine/crack; 12.6% for inhalants/solvents; 11.5% for opiates; 11.4% for hallucinogens; and 16.2% for other unclassified drugs. Elementary and middle school students were more likely to consume tobacco (OR = 2.306; 95%CI: 1.733-3.068; p < 0.001), and male students were more likely to consume any type of substance. We identified a high use of psychoactive substances among this study participants, with a higher prevalence among male students.
O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência de uso de substâncias psicoativas por adolescentes de escolas públicas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com uma amostra aleatória de adolescentes de cinco escolas públicas localizadas em um município da zona centro-oeste da Região Metropolitada de São Paulo, Brasil. Informações sobre as características demográficas, socioeconômicas e de uso de drogas foram coletadas por meio de questionários autorreferidos. A amostra foi composta por 1.460 estudantes, sendo 716 (49%) meninos, com idade entre 10 e 19 anos (13,19±2,04 anos). A prevalência de uso de substâncias psicoativas no último mês foi de 51,0% para analgésicos; álcool 48,8%; tabaco 37,3%; tranquilizantes 30,8%; maconha 23,1%; esteroides anabolizantes 22,6%; ecstasy 21,6%; anfetaminas/estimulantes 15,3%; fenciclidina 13,4%; cocaína/crack 12,9%; inalantes/solventes 12,6%; opiáceos 11,5%; alucinógenos 11,4%; e outras drogas não classificadas 16,2%. Alunos do Ensino Fundamental foram mais propensos a consumir tabaco (OR = 2,306; IC95%: 1,733-3,068; p < 0,001), e os estudantes do sexo masculino foram mais propensos a consumir qualquer tipo de substância. Identificou-se um alto uso de substâncias psicoativas entre os participantes deste estudo, com maior prevalência entre os estudantes do sexo masculino.
El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas por adolescentes de escuelas públicas brasileñas. Se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado con una muestra aleatoria de adolescentes de cinco escuelas públicas, ubicadas en una ciudad de la región centro-oeste de la Región Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. La información sobre las características demográficas, socioeconómicas y de consumo de drogas se recabó de cuestionarios autoinformados. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1.460 estudiantes; 716 (49%) de los cuales eran varones, con edades entre 10 y 19 años (13,19±2,04 años). La prevalencia de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el último mes fue: para analgésicos 51%; alcohol 48,8%; tabaco 37,3%; tranquilizantes 30,8%; marihuana 23,1%; esteroides anabólicos 22,6%; éxtasis 21,6%; anfetaminas/estimulantes 15,3%; fenciclidina 13,4%; cocaína/crack 12,9%; inhalantes/disolventes 12,6%; opiáceos 11,5%; alucinógenos 11,4%; y otras drogas no clasificadas 16,2%. Los estudiantes de primaria fueron los más propensos a consumir tabaco (OR = 2,306; IC95%: 1,733-3,068; p < 0,001), y los varones los más propensos a consumir cualquier tipo de sustancia. Se identificó un alto consumo de sustancias psicoactivas entre los participantes, con mayor prevalencia entre los estudiantes del sexo masculino.
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Resumo Avaliaram-se fatores associados às atitudes de profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) quanto ao consumo e uso prejudicial de álcool e o alcoolismo dos usuários, além de suas percepções sobre possíveis mudanças no consumo de álcool durante a pandemia de covid-19. Trata-se de pesquisa avaliativa feita no interior de São Paulo em 2020. Analisaram-se características sociodemográficas sobre o consumo de álcool e a atitude com os usuários. Dos 94 profissionais do município, 65 participaram, sendo 67,7% deles com experiência no tema. A maioria (80%) não modificou seu consumo durante a pandemia, mas 50,8% deles perceberam aumento no consumo pelos usuários. Identificaram-se atitudes positivas em relação a ser do sexo masculino (p=0,014) e ter cor da pele branca (p=0,020), residir sozinho (p=0,047) e maior consumo pelos profissionais (p=0,037). Atuar na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) associou-se com atitudes mais positivas (p=0,029). Concluiu-se que características pessoais influenciam na atitude, assim como o tipo de serviço. Há muito o que avançar em relação às atitudes dos profissionais de saúde para que ofereçam assistência adequada aos usuários que consomem álcool. Porém, a disseminação de conhecimento específico sobre a doença e a pessoa que faz uso de álcool parece ser uma das principais estratégias de enfrentamento deste importante agravo à saúde.
Abstract Factors associated with the attitudes of Primary Health Care (PHC) professionals regarding the consumption and harmful use of alcohol and the users' alcoholism were evaluated, in addition to their perceptions about possible changes in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an evaluative study conducted in the interior of São Paulo in 2020. Sociodemographic characteristics regarding alcohol consumption and attitude towards users were analyzed. A total of 65 of the 94 professionals in the municipality participated, with 67.7% of them having experience in the subject. Most (80%) did not change their consumption during the pandemic, but 50.8% noticed an increase in consumption by users. Positive attitudes towards being male (p=0.014) and having white skin color (p=0.020), living alone (p=0.047) and higher consumption by professionals (p=0.037) were identified. Acting in the Family Health Strategy (Estratégia Saúde da Família - ESF) was associated with more positive attitudes (p=0.029). In conclusion, personal characteristics influence the attitude, as well as the type of service. There is much to be done regarding the attitudes of health professionals to offer adequate care to users who consume alcohol. However, disseminating specific knowledge about the disease and the alcohol user seems to be one of the main coping strategies for this important health problem.
Subject(s)
Health Evaluation , Attitude of Health PersonnelABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the association between alcohol and tobacco consumption during pregnancy with maternal and child health conditions. Methods: cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of pregnant women living in Santa Catarina who conducted prenatal care and childbirth in the public national health service in 2019. A face-to-face survey questionnaire was applied to 3,580 pregnant women including maternal health issues during pregnancy and perinatal health of the newborn. Crude logistic regression analyzes were performed and adjusted for socio-demographic and maternal health conditions. Results: the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco consumption during pregnancy was 7.2% and 9.3%, respectively. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy increased the chance of maternal anemia by 45% (CI95%=1.09-1.91), increased the chance of gestational diabetes by 73% (CI95%=1.14-2.63) and reduced the chance of hypertension (OR=0.59; CI95%=0.37-0.94). Tobacco consumption doubled the chance of low birth weight (OR=2.16; CI95%=1.33-3.51). Conclusion: the consumption of alcoholic beverages during pregnancy increased the chance of maternal health complications, such as anemia and gestational diabetes, while tobacco increased the chance of low birth weight.
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a associação entre o consumo de álcool e de tabaco durante a gravidez com condições de saúde maternas e da criança. Métodos: estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de gestantes residentes em Santa Catarina que realizaram o pré-natal e o parto na rede pública do estado em 2019. Foi aplicado questionário face-a-face com 3.580 gestantes incluindo questões de saúde maternas durante a gestação e saúde perinatal do recém-nascido. Foram realizadas análises de regressão logística brutas e ajustadas para condições sócio-demográficas e de saúde maternas. Resultados: as prevalências de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e de tabaco durante a gestação foram de 7,2% e 9,3%, respectivamente. O consumo de álcool durante a gestação aumentou em 45% a chance de anemia materna (IC95%=1,09-1,91) e em 73% a de diabetes gestacional (IC95%=1,14-2,63) e reduziu a chance de hipertensão (OR=0,59; IC95%=0,37-0,94). O consumo de tabaco dobrou a chance de baixo peso gestacional ao nascer (OR=2,16; IC95%=1,33-3,51). Conclusão: o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas durante a gestação aumentou a chance de intercorrências de saúde maternas, como anemia e diabetes gestacional, enquanto o tabaco aumentou a chance de baixo peso ao nascer.