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慜giri� refers to a fermented oily paste that is used as soup condiments for its strong smell. Apart from the fact that it抯 mostly used in soup preparation because of the strong pungent odour and organoleptic properties, it also impact nutrients to soup. This study investigated the nutrients and antioxidant composition of Ogiri produced from different leguminous seeds. Raw material such as melon (EGU) and sesame (SES) seeds were procured from Oja Oba (Oba Market) in Owo, Ondo State while pumpkin (PUM) and Castor (CAS) seed were purchased at Upper Iweka market, Onitsha Anambra State, Nigeria. The raw materials were processed into 慜giri� using traditional methods and were subjected to chemical analysis using standard analytical methods.� Data generated were subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance. Findings shows that the moisture content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in PUM than any other sample. Sample SES was significantly (P<0.05) higher in Ash (10.22g /100g) content, and fibre (11.21g/100g) while EGU was significantly (P<0.05) higher in fat (30.17g/100g) and protein (29.30g/100g). CAS had the highest carbohydrate content (27.58g/100g).Minerals result shows that Na (14.835mg/g), Ca (22.570mg/100g) and Mg (3.351mg/100g) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in sample EGU. Sample SES was significantly higher in K (55.855mg/100g) and Zn (0.308mg/100g), while CAS was significantly lower (P<0.05) in Na (3.45mg/100g), Ca (13.15mg/100g) K, (21.655mg/100g), Zn (0.128mg/100g) and Mg (1.925mg/mg) but has the highest value in P (12,252mg/100g). PUM was significantly higher in Vitamin E (8.270mg/100g), while CAS was significantly higher in vitamin A (7.576UI/g). Sample PUM had the highest Polyphenol and Terpenoid content (106.82mg/g and 1.37mg/g respectively) while sample SES had the highest steroid content (0.92mg/g). In conclusion, this study revealed that the nutrients and antioxidant properties of the 揙giri� samples vary proportionately. The results can guide farmers, processors, and consumers in making informed decisions regarding seed selection and Ogiri preparation.
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Aims: Fermented functional foods were developed to utilize green tea waste (used tea leaves) and their antioxidative activity was examined. Methodology: The initial tea waste was prepared by steeping regular tea leaves in deionized water at 90°C for 60 s. This procedure was repeated to obtain the fifth and tenth sequential extracts. Subsequently, lyophilized tea leaves were rehydrated with potable water and inoculated with Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris. Following thorough mixing, the inoculated sample was fermented under anaerobic conditions at 25°C in the absence of light. To monitor the progress of fermentation, the pH levels of the infusion were measured on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Additionally, the antioxidative activity of the fermented tea leaves and their infusions was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Results: After one week of lactic acid fermentation, the pH of the infusions from the fifth and tenth tea leaf extracts decreased significantly compared to other samples. However, within two weeks, all sample infusions reached a pH below 4, suggesting that catechins in the used tea leaves may inhibit lactic acid production during the early stages of fermentation. Despite the multiple extractions, the tea leaves from the fifth and tenth extracts retained elements that supported fermentation. Furthermore, the infusion prepared from the tea leaves after the tenth extract continued to exhibit antioxidative activity, indicating that beneficial properties persist even after repeated extractions. Conclusion: Tea waste can be effectively utilized for lactic acid fermentation. Moreover, the resulting infusion may provide health benefits, making it a potential functional food.
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Trunk barks of Sacoglottis ceratocarpa Ducke (ScTB) are used in Amazonian folk medicine against hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, although scientific information on efficacy and quality control is lacking. Thus, pharmacognostic parameters, qualitative phytochemical profile, antioxidant properties (DPPH, TEAC and FRAP), toxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated. The purity tests in the quality control performed for the vegetable raw material showed compliance with the specifications in official compendiums. Tannins, catechins, terpenes and steroids were characterized. Bergenin, a gallic acid derivative, was isolated and identified. The ScTB was rich in total phenolic (0.420-0.562 g/g) and flavonoid (11.37-24.31 mg/g) content, and considerable antioxidant potential. ScTB did not demonstrate cytotoxicity for human erythrocytes and renal fibroblasts, nor toxicity for brine shrimp. The results demonstrated the importance of the pharmacognostic study for the immediate knowledge of the quality and qualitative chemical profile of the trunk barks, contributing to the safe and effective use of the species.
La corteza del tronco de Sacoglottis ceratocarpa Ducke (ScTB) se utiliza en la medicina popular Amazónica contra la hiperglucemia y la dislipidemia, aunque se carece de información científica sobre su eficacia y control de calidad. Así, se evaluaron parámetros farmacognósticos, perfil fitoquímico cualitativo, propiedades antioxidantes (DPPH, TEAC y FRAP), toxicidad y citotoxicidad. Las pruebas de pureza de la materia prima vegetal demostraron el cumplimiento de las especificaciones de los compendios oficiales. Se caracterizaron taninos, catequinas, terpenos y esteroides. Se aisló e identificó la bergenina, un derivado del ácido gálico. El ScTB fue rico en contenido fenólico total (0,420-0,562 g/g) y flavonoides (11,37-24,31 mg/g), y un considerable potencial antioxidante. ScTb no demostró citotoxicidad para células humanas, ni toxicidad para camarones en salmuera. Los resultados demostraron la importancia del estudio farmacognóstico para el conocimiento inmediato de la calidad y perfil químico cualitativo de las cortezas del tronco, contribuyendo al uso seguro y eficaz de la especie.
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Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Bark/chemistry , Medicine, Traditional , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The study investigated the effect of incorporation of watermelon juice in yogurt on the quality of the blends. Yogurt and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) juice were produced. The watermelon juice was used to substitute 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% of yogurt. The chemical composition, antioxidant activity, physicochemical, and sensory properties of the blends were determined using standard procedures. The pH of the yogurt and watermelon juice were 4.57 and 5.78, respectively and varied from 5.18 -6.04 for the blends. The moisture, protein, ash, fat and carbohydrate contents decreased with increase in the amount of watermelon juice in the blends. The vitamin C, calcium, zinc and magnesium contents increased while the phosphorus and potassium contents decreased with increased level of watermelon juice in the blends. The phenols and carotenoids contents increased while the flavonoids content decreased with increase in the level of watermelon juice in the blends. The antioxidant activity using DPPH assay varied with the samples where yogurt had higher radical scavenging activity than the watermelon juice. The radical scavenging activities and the ferric reducing antioxidant property (FRAP) values also increased with the level of watermelon juice in the blends. The FRAP values for yogurt and watermelon juice were 1.22 and 1.58mg/ml, respectively and increased to a range of 1.29 -3.70 mg/ml for the blends. The yogurt had higher scores than the watermelon juice for all the sensory attributes evaluated. The scores for the sensory attributes decreased with increase in the level of watermelon juice in the blends. However, the scores for the blend containing 10 % watermelon juice for all the attributes were not significantly different (p>0.05) from those of the yogurt. Therefore, it is concluded that watermelon juice could be used to substitute 10% yogurt without adversely affecting the qualities of the blends.
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Aims: Boerhaavia diffusa Linn belongs to the family Nyctaginaceae has been documented for its antioxidant, anticancer, anthelmintic & neuropharmacological effects. Literature review of the plant revealed that some research works are performed during this plant. That’s why; this study was performed to gauge the antioxidant, anticancer, anthelmintic & neuropharmacological activities of the methanolic extract from the leaves of Boerhaavia diffusa (MEBD). Method and Results: Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH free radical scavenging assay using serial dilution concentration and the IC50 was 1.51. Anticancer test was done using cell viability assay. During anticancer test in the concentration of 1000µg/mL the percent of inhibition was 29.16%. Anthelmintic activity was investigated using earthworms (Pheretima posthuma) and fresh leaf juice of the plant. In anthelmintic activity, the time of paralysis for fresh leaf juice was begin from 64 min 55 sec and end to 23 min 19 sec while the time for tested drug Albendazole was started from 76 min 09 sec and end to 30 min 43 sec. Besides, the time of death start from 71 min 09 sec and end to 29 min 54 sec for leaf juice and for Albendazole the time of death start from 82 min 19 sec and end to 38 min 18 sec respectively at several doses which suggest considerable anthelmintic activity of the plant. Neuropharmacological activity was performed by hole cross and light/dark box tests at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg in Swiss albino mice contrast to the test drug Diazepam (2mg/kg). The extract significantly decreases the locomotor activity as shown by the results of hole cross test which indicate significant antidepressant property. The results also matching the activity in light/dark box test. Conclusion: Thus, the obtained results in the research work provide a support for the utilization of this plant for medicinal purposes and encourage further investigations for more fruitful results.
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The Rutaceae family includes Aegle marmelos L., a moderately sized aromatic tree that is also known as Bael, Bengal quince, golden apple, Japanese bitter orange, stone apple, or wood apple. It is mostly found in tropical or subtropical regions. Fever, seminal weakness, nausea, vomiting, swellings, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and intermittent fever are the most common ailments that bael leaves are used to treat. Because of their high phenolic and flavonoid content, leaves have anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-thrombotic, cardioprotective, and vasodilatory properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the phytochemical components, antioxidant capacity, GC-MS analysis, total phenolic & flavonoid contents in the methanolic extracts of A. marmelos leaves. Various secondary metabolites were observed in the aqueous and methanolic A. marmelos leaf extracts. TLC analysis of methanolic extracts revealed five distinct spots having different Rf values. Total phenolic content was found to be 33 ± 7.62 mg GAE/g, flavonoid content was 307.8 ± 130.12 mg QE/g. The highest antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of A. marmelos leaves was obtained at 1000 µg/ml conc. and it was dose dependent. Many biologically active compounds were present as analysed by GC-MS. The highest peak area of Perylo[1,12-def]-1,3-dioxepin-5,11-dione, 6,12-dihydroxy-8,9-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-7,10-dimethoxy-, stereoisomer (3.502%) was observed.
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Background: Mucuna pruriens (MP) is a tropical legume, widely used in the treatment of parkinsonism, erectile dysfunction, anti-venomous, and anti-diabetic properties. It contains multiple phytonutrients and is rich in soluble fibers and proteins and is used as a drug of choice in traditional medicine for different ailments. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to study the hypolipidemic activity of alcoholic extract MP seeds in Type 2 diabetic rats with hyperlipidemia, by assessing lipid profile of rats in comparison with rats treated with a standard anti-diabetic drug. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four Wistar rat pups were made diabetic by injecting intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). After 12 weeks, animals with diabetic and dyslipidemia were selected and divided into three groups diabetic control, test drug group (fed with MP alcoholic extract 200 mg/kg), and standard drug group (fed with glibenclamide 0.1 mg/kg), and 18 rats of same age were kept for normal control group. Results: MP seeds exhibited a gradual and progressive change in the low-density lipoprotein levels in diabetic rats (4th week [?34.3%], 8th week [?42.24%], and 12th week [?45.30%]), serum triglycerides levels (4th week [?39.3%], 8th week [?44.49%], and 12th week [?46.65%]). Whereas serum high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly increased (39.3% increase by 4 weeks, 54.95% increase by 8 weeks, and 61.03% increase by 12 weeks). This suggests that active phytochemical compounds in the MP seeds exert hypolipidemic properties by its antioxidant and high fiber content. Conclusion: MP seeds contain phytonutrients and soluble fiber compounds, which helps in reduction of lipid levels in rats with diabetes induced hyperlipidemia.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This randomized clinical trial study aims to investigate the effects of antioxidant food supplementation on the total antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma, sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm chromatin quality, and semen parameters. METHODS: In this study, a total of 48 subfertile men with moderate physical activity were included. Group 1 was recommended to use the antioxidant supplements, while antioxidant food supplements were not given to Group 2. Total antioxidant capacity, sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm chromatin structure, hormone levels, physical activities, and semen parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. Total antioxidant capacity, sperm DNA fragmentation, and sperm chromatin structure were assessed using ELISA, transferase dUTP nick end labeling, and aniline blue staining, respectively. RESULTS: Sperm DNA fragmentation (p=0.003) and histone/protamine ratio (p<0.001) were significantly decreased in the patients receiving antioxidant treatment. There was no statistical difference in the total antioxidant capacity values of the post-treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Antioxidant therapy seems to improve sperm DNA fragmentation and histone/protamine ratios in subfertile patients. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT06042738.
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Introducción: La granada Punica granatum es originaria del sur de Asia es altamente apreciada por su sabor y por los compuestos fitoquímicos que confieren beneficios a la salud. Objetivo: Determinar el potencial biológico de arilos deshidratados, mermelada y jugo concentrado elaborados con las variedades Wonderful, Apaseo y Tecozautla. Materiales y métodos: Las variables evaluadas fueron: Sólidos solubles totales (SST, °Brix), pH, Contenido de Fenoles Totales [CFT, mg/Equivalentes de Ácido Gálico (GAE)/100g o ml], y Capacidad Antioxidante [CA, mili Molar Equivalentes de Trolox (mMTE)/100g o ml] y Contenido de antocinaninas totales [CAT, Equivalente de Cianidin 3-Glucosido (ECn3G) mg/100ml]. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los arilos deshidratados fueron los que presentaron el mayor contenido de fenoles totales (1386,09 mg/ GAE/100g) y mayor Capacidad antioxidante (220,12 mMTE/100g); sin embargo, el jugo concentrado mostró el mayor contenido de antocianinas totales (34,97 ECn3G mg/100ml). Con respecto a variedades, la variedad Wonderful presentó mayor contenido de fenoles totales, capacidad antioxidante y contenido de antocianinas totales con 1248,86 mg/GAE/100 g, 175,07 mMTE/100 g y 41,91 ECn3G mg/100ml, respectivamente. El jugo concentrado tuvo mayores cantidades de compuestos biofuncionales que el jugo natural. Conclusiones: En los arilos deshidratados y en los jugos concentrados se incrementaron los compuestos biofuncionales con respecto a los arilos y jugo natural. La variedad Wonderful mostró mayor contenido de compuestos biofuncionales y capacidad antioxidante(AU)
Introduction: The Punica granatum pomegranate is native to South Asia and is highly appreciated for its flavor and phytochemical compounds that confer health benefits. Objective: Determine the biological potential of dehydrated arils, jam and concentrated juice made with the Wonderful, Apaseo and Tecozautla varieties. Materials and methods: The variables evaluated were: Total soluble solids (TSS, °Brix), pH, Total Phenol Content [TPC, mg /Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE)/100g or ml], and Antioxidant Capacity [AC, milli Molar Trolox Equivalents (mMTE)/100 g or ml] and content of total anthocyanin [TAC, Cyanidin 3-Glucoside Equivalent (ECn3G) mg/100ml]. Results: The results show that the dehydrated arils were those that presented the highest TPC (1386.09 mg/GAE/100g) and highest AC (220.12 mMTE/100g); However, the concentrated juice showed the highest content of total anthocyanin's (34.97 ECn3G mg/100ml). Regarding varieties, the Wonderful variety presented higher TPC, AC and TAC with 1248.86 mg/GAE/100 g, 175.07 mMTE/100 g and 41.91 ECn3G mg /100ml, respectively. The concentrated juice had higher amounts of biofunctional compounds than the natural juice. Conclusions: In the dehydrated arils and concentrated juices, the biofunctional compounds increased compared to the arils and natural juice. The Wonderful variety showed a higher content of biofunctional compounds and antioxidant capacity(AU)
Subject(s)
Phenols , Phytochemicals , Pomegranate , Antioxidants , Juices , Gallic Acid , Glucosides , AnthocyaninsABSTRACT
Aims: production and analysis of tea from orange rind and pineapple core, focusing on the physicochemical, phytochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties of the tea blends Study Design: Five variations of orange rind and pineapple core powder in 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 ratios were the experimental lots, labelled A to E, respectively, and a commercial green tea labelled sample F was used as a control. Place and Duration of Study: oranges and pineapple fruit were bought from the railway market in Makurdi, Benue state of Nigeria. a standard commercial green tea was purchased from a supermarket in Makurdi Benue State of Nigeria. Methodology: Various analytical techniques were employed to assess the tea's physicochemical properties, anti-nutrient, phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity. Sensory evaluations were also conducted to gauge consumer acceptance and preference. Results: The physicochemical properties of the tea ranged from pH (4.7-5.6), TTA (0.62-1.00%), TSS (8.45-10.47 癇rix), Brix/acidity ratio (6.27-13.69). The anti-nutrient content ranged as follows: alkaloids (0.083-0.113%), oxalates (0.032-0.048%), phytates (0.001-0.003%), and tannins (0.0005-0.0124%). The phytochemical content was as follows: total flavonoids (5.45-7.61 mgQE/g), total phenols (1.36-3.98 mgGAE/g). The samples also demonstrated significant antioxidant activity as follows; FRAP (2.23-8.79 mgAAE/g), H2O2 scavenging ability (4.23-10.11%). Importantly, sensory results showed that all the herbal tea samples were well-received and accepted by the panellists, indicating their potential in the market. Conclusion: The tea samples produced demonstrated great potential for its use as a functional beverage and as a substitute for other tea brands, given its improved functional characteristics. This study explored the potential applications of orange and pineapple by-products in sustainable product development.
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The rising demand for antioxidant-rich functional beverages underscores their potential health benefits, particularly for cardiovascular health. This study developed a blended juice comprising beetroot, pomegranate, gooseberry, and ginger, analyzed across ten treatments with varying proportions of beetroot and pomegranate. The study assessed key physicochemical properties, including Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), Antioxidant Activity, and Anthocyanin levels. The quality evaluation involved physical and chemical analyses, measuring Total Soluble Solids (TSS), pH, total acidity, and ascorbic acid content using AOAC (2005) methods. TSS was measured in Brix, pH with a digital meter, and ascorbic acid by visual titration. TPC was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, TFC with an aluminum chloride method, and antioxidant activity via a DPPH assay. Anthocyanin content was measured spectrophotometrically. The sensory evaluation identified the treatment with a higher pomegranate percentage (T9) as the most preferred. T9 also exhibited the highest TPC (1,432.28 mg GAE/L), TFC (611.61 mg QE/L), and Antioxidant Activity (87.53%), indicating a strong correlation between these compounds and the juice's health benefits. Storage studies of T9 over 21 days revealed a gradual decline in pH, TSS, Vitamin C, and antioxidant activity, highlighting the importance of proper storage conditions. This research demonstrates the potential of beetroot-pomegranate blends in creating a health-promoting beverage, with T9 emerging as the most beneficial and consumer-accepted formulation.
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Cola cordifolia is a natural substance rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds. It is important to incorporate it into the diet to prevent certain metabolic diseases and to improve the nutritional and health status of populations. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and antioxidant properties of C. cordifolia seeds for their potential use in the dietary field. The seeds were fermented for 6 days and then sun-dried for 15 days. Nutritional and antioxidant properties were determined using referenced methods. Nutritional analysis showed that the seeds are rich in calcium (880 mg/100g), magnesium (600 mg/100g), iron (50 mg/100g), proteins (17.93%), and lipids (10.85%). Seeds exhibited significant levels of polyphenols (705.15 mg/100g), tannins (267.52 mg/100g), and flavonoids (20.17 mg/100g), with an antioxidant activity of 62.45% inhibition of DPPH. This study suggests that C. cordifolia seeds could be used as a dietary supplement to prevent metabolic diseases.
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Aim: This study intends to examine the protective effects of an aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini seed on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar albino rats. Methodology: A single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg kg-1 b.wt of alloxan monohydrate was used to induce diabetes in rats. Syzygium cumini group rats were later administered 300 mg kg-1 of Syzygium cumini seed extract by oral gavage for 21 days. On 22nd day, the animals were given general anaesthesia, blood was drawn through the retroorbital plexus, and the kidneys were promptly removed. Lipid peroxidation levels were assessed in the blood (serum) and kidney tissues by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GST, GPX, SOD and CAT were examined in the blood and kidneys. Results: The acute toxicity experiments revealed that Syzygium cumini did not cause any obvious toxicity indications or mortality at a dosage of 300 mg kg-1, proving the safety of this extract with a broad therapeutic index. The results obtained showed that using aqueous Syzygium cumini seed extract for 21 days considerably (P <0.05) increased the antioxidant enzyme activity for GST, GPx, SOD and CAT, while significantly (P <0.01) decreasing the TBARS levels. Interpretation: Conclusively, the seed extract of Syzygium cumini might be a possible treatment for controlling hyperglycemic oxidative stress complications owing to its antioxidant properties.
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Background: Viral mediated diseases are continuously posing potent threat to human health. Nutraceuticals are being employed as novel therapeutics during viral outbreaks. MAM granules consist of Curcuma longa, Withania somnifera, and Piper nigrum, is one such patented Siddha nutraceutical supplement that has been proposed to be a therapeutic agent against viral diseases. Objective: We characterised MAM for their phytochemical and physicochemical properties and evaluated its cytotoxicity via in vivo acute toxicity studies using Wistar rats and by cell-based MTT assays. Materials and Methods: The antiviral properties of the aqueous extract of MAM were investigated against SARS- CoV-2 and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Further, using ABTS radical scavenging, SOD enzymatic assays and measurement of intracellular ROS, we investigated the antioxidant potential of MAM extract and its ingredients in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, production of inflammatory mediators was evaluated via NO release, PGE2 production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1? and TNF?). Results: The MAM granules and aqueous extracts demonstrated no significant toxicity and demonstrated potent antiviral activity during co-incubation assay with SARS-CoV-2 and CHIKV. Moreover, we observed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of MAM extract in a dose dependent manner. Further investigations on the individual ingredients with respect to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities showed that all ingredients contributed synergistically and Withania somnifera showed most potent anti-oxidant activity. Conclusion: The overall in vitro, and in vivo analysis demonstrated that MAM granules were non-toxic and possessed potent antiviral activity. Additionally, observed significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory prop- erties of MAM suggested the modulation of innate immune response in the host validating its use as an effective nutraceutical during viral outbreaks.
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This research was aimed to investigate the effect of different combination concentrations of 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzylaminopurine (BAP) on callus induction, profiles of secondary metabolites, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities from Piper sarmentosum leaves. These leaves explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different combination concentrations of 2,4-D and BAP (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5 mg/L) during 6-week culture callus period. Result showed that the morphology of callus grown during this study was compact in various colors appearance, such as light brown, brownish, and dark brown. The fastest mean of callus induction time was 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L BAP (10 days). The highest callus fresh weight was 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L BAP (0.350 g). The combination concentration of 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L BAP was the highest callus dry weight (0.078 g), this treatment was contained 11 different compounds, which were dominated by cyanoacetamide (25.08%) and diisooctyl-phthalate (21.81%). Myristicin and propanamide compounds were also identified in the methanol extract of P. sarmentosum callus. Methanolic extract of callus P. sarmentosum from the optimum treatment had the highest antioxidant activity (26.709 ?L/mL) and antimicrobial activity against three test microbes.
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Background: The fruit of Opuntiadillenii, commonly known as prickly pear, is widely consumed for its nutritional and medicinal benefits, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It plays a significant role in local diets and traditional medicine, contributing to economic value. However, research on its phytochemical composition and health benefits is limited, highlighting the need for further investigation. Objectives: The current study assessed morphological traits, biochemical composition, and antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Methods: The morphological traits, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant content of the Moroccan O.dilleniifruit fractions, namely peel, juicy pulp, and seeds, were investigated. Results: The coefficient of variation of the morphological traits oscillated between 16.03 % for fruit weight and 51.83 % for seed weight, indicating a broad level of morphological variability. The total phenolic content of fruit fractions ranged from 202 to 56 g EAG/ 100 g extract, while the total flavonoids varied from 185 to 11 mg EC/100g extract. In addition, the total levels of betacyanins, betaxanthins, and condensed tannins ranged from 6.1 to 335 mg/L, 4.7 to 123 mg/L, and 12 to 8.3 mg/100g, respectively. As for ascorbic acid, it was concentrated in the juicy pulp at 580 mg/100 g, while it was absent in the seeds fraction. The phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and betalain contents were significantly correlated with antioxidant activities, whereas total ascorbic acid and condensed tannins were weakly correlated. Conclusion: These findings suggest that O. dillenii fruits may be a potential source of natural antioxidants for both food applications and medicinal functions.
IntroduccioÌn: El fruto de Opuntia dillenii, comúnmente conocido como nopalera, es ampliamente consumido por sus beneficios nutricionales y medicinales, como sus propiedades antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes. Juega un papel significativo en las dietas locales y la medicina tradicional, contribuyendo a su valor económico. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre su composición fitoquímica y beneficios para la salud es limitada, lo que resalta la necesidad de una mayor investigación. Objetivos: En el presente estudio se evaluaron los rasgos morfológicos, la composición bioquímica, así como la actividad antioxidante mediante el ensayo DPPH. Métodos: Se investigaron los rasgos morfológicos, parámetros bioquímicos y el contenido de antioxidantes de las fracciones de fruto de O. dillenii marroquí, a saber, cáscara, la pulpa jugosa y las semillas. Resultados: El coeficiente de variación de los rasgos morfológicos osciló entre el 16,03 % para el peso del fruto y el 51.83 % para el peso de las semillas, lo que significa un amplio nivel de variabilidad morfológica. En cuanto al contenido fenólico total de las fracciones del fruto, osciló entre 202 y 56 g EAG/ 100 g de extracto, mientras que el total de flavonoides varió entre 185 y 11 mg EC/100 g de extracto. Además, el total de betacianinas, betaxantinas y taninos condensados osciló entre 6.1 y 335 mg/L, 4.7-123 mg/L y 12 a 8.3 mg/100g, respectivamente. En cuanto al ácido ascórbico, se concentró en la pulpa jugosa a 580 mg/100 g, mientras que estaba ausente en la fracción de semillas. Los contenidos de compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides y betalaína se correlacionaron significativamente con las actividades antioxidantes, mientras que el ácido ascórbico total y los taninos condensados se correlacionaron débilmente. Conclusiones: Este hallazgo sugiere que los frutos de O. dillenii pueden servir como fuente potencial de antioxidantes naturales tanto para aplicaciones alimentarias como para funciones medicinales.
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Humans , Antioxidants , Biochemistry , Flavonoids , Betalains , Phenolic CompoundsABSTRACT
Orijin bitters, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale roscoe have been reported to possess various medicinal properties. The aim of the study is to evaluate their effects on the kidney of adult wistar rats. Methodology: thirty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, each having 5 rats. Group 1 received distilled water, group 2, 70cl/70kg/bw orijin bitters, group 3, orijin bitters and 200mg/kg/bw Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract, group 4, orijin bitters and 500mg/kg/bw Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract, group 5, orijin bitters and 200mg/kg/bw officinale rhizome aqueous extract, group 6, orijin bitters and 500mg/kg/bw Zingiber officinale rhizome aqueous extract over a 21-day period. After administration, the rats were sacrificed and the kidney harvested for biochemical and histological analysis. Results: Orijin bitters altered renal function, indicated by elevated level of malondialdehyde and decreased level of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione, along with histopathological changes such as glomerular atrophy and tubular degeneration compared to the control. The result was not statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conversely, aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx and Zingiber officinale rhizome exhibited antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative stress and mitigating renal damagecompared to the orijin bitters group only. Although the result was not statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Orijin bitters may have nephrotoxic effects, while Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale may offer protective benefits, due to their antioxidant properties.
Se ha informado que Orijin bitters, Hibiscus sabdariffa y Zingiber officinale Roscoe poseen varias propiedades medicinales. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar sus efectos sobre el riñón de ratas adultas Wistar. Metodología: Treinta ratas fueron divididas aleatoriamente en 6 grupos, cada uno con 5 ratas. El grupo 1 recibió agua destilada, el grupo 2, 70 cl/70 kg/pc de Orijin bitters, el grupo 3, Orijin bitters y 200 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso de cáliz de Hibiscus sabdariffa, el grupo 4, Orijin bitters y 500 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso de cáliz de Hibiscus sabdariffa, el grupo 5, Orijin bitters y 200 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso del rizoma de Zingiber officinale, el grupo 6, Orijin bitters y 500 mg/kg/pc de extracto acuoso del rizoma de Zingiber officinale durante un período de 21 días. Después de la administración, las ratas fueron sacrificadas y se extrajeron los riñones para análisis bioquímico e histológico. Resultados: Orijin bitters alteró la función renal, lo que se indica por un aumento en el nivel de malondialdehído y una disminución en el nivel de superóxido dismutasa, catalasa y glutatión, junto con cambios histopatológicos como atrofia glomerular y degeneración tubular en comparación con el grupo de control. El resultado no fue estadísticamente significativo (P < 0.05). Por el contrario, los extractos acuosos de cáliz de Hibiscus sabdariffa y rizoma de Zingiber officinale exhibieron propiedades antioxidantes, reduciendo el estrés oxidativo y mitigando el daño renal en comparación con el grupo que solo recibió Orijin bitters. Aunque el resultado no fue estadísticamente significativo (P < 0.05). Conclusión: Orijin bitters puede tener efectos nefrotóxicos, mientras que Hibiscus sabdariffa y Zingiber officinale pueden ofrecer beneficios protectores debido a sus propiedades antioxidantes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Zingiber officinale/chemistry , Hibiscus/chemistry , Kidney/pathology , Phytotherapy/methods , Research Design , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Photomicrography , Histological Techniques , Rats, Wistar , Periodic Acid/metabolism , Dosage , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Antioxidants/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from leaves and flowers of Lepechinia rufocampii Epling & Mathias were studied. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses allowed the identification and quantification of 122 constituents, representing 98.7% of the essential oil. Aliphatic compounds, mainly methyl ketones (62.4%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (19.5%) were found to be the most abundant compounds, while oxygenated monoterpenes were the minor. The most abundant compounds were undecan-2-one (34.6%), nonan-2-one (21.1%), and (E)-caryophyllene (8.3%). Antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The essential oil had a low scavenging effect and it showed ferric reducing activity. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was observed against pathogenic bacteria and a pathogenic yeast. The essential oil showed very good activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella entericaserovar, but low activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosaand Candida albicans. The MIC valueof the essential oil varied from 1.04-33.05 µL/mL, with the lowest for Salmonella entericaserovar.
Se estudió la composición química, actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite esencial de hojas y flores de Lepechinia rufocampii Epling & Mathias. Los análisis por GC-FID y GC-MS permitieron la identificación y cuantificación de 122 constituyentes, que representan el 98.7% del aceite esencial. Los compuestos alifáticos, principalmente metilcetonas (62.4%) y los hidrocarburos sesquiterpénicos (19.5%) resultaron ser los compuestos más abundantes, mientras que los monoterpenos oxigenados fueron los minoritarios. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron undecan-2-ona (34.6%), nonan-2-ona (21.1%) y (E)-cariofileno (8.3%). La actividad antioxidante se examinó mediante ensayos DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. El aceite esencial tuvo un bajo efecto eliminador y mostró actividad reductora de hierro. Se observó actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial contra bacterias patógenas y una levadura patógena. El aceite esencial mostró muy buena actividad contra Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Salmonella entericaserovar, pero baja actividad contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Candida albicans. El valor de CIM del aceite esencial varió de 1.04 a 33.05 µL/mL, siendo el más bajo para Salmonella entericaserovar.
Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Ecuador , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Vegetable consumption is essential for preserving optimum health and wellbeing. This review explores the nutritional value of vegetables, emphasising their abundance of vitamins, minerals, and bioactive substances in addition to other important nutrients. Vegetables are essential for boosting mental health, lowering the risk of chronic diseases, and raising standard of living. They provide important advantages like nutrient density, digestive health support, and antioxidant defence while fostering vitality and energising health. Also highlights the significance of eating a varied, well-balanced diet full of vibrant, colourful vegetables in order to guarantee a varied intake of phytochemicals that have particular health benefits. Furthermore, the function of vegetables in controlling blood sugar is examined, highlighting their high fibre content, low glycemic index, and antioxidant and polyphenol content, which improves insulin sensitivity. People can attain and sustain the best possible health, vitality, and well-being by including a variety of vegetables in their regular diets. There are doable methods for adding more veggies to diets, highlighting the significance of these plant-based nutrients for a healthy way of living.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To identify anti- breast cancer potential of medicinal plants used in Sri Lanka. Study Design: The anti-proliferative and cytotoxic potentials of solvent extracts from leaves and bark of seven medicinal plants from Sri Lanka were investigated against estrogen receptor (ER) positive (MCF-7 cell line), triple negative (MDA-MB-231 cell line) breast cancer subtypes and normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A cell line) in-vitro. Additionally, the anti-oxidant activity, phenolic, and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined. Methodology: The anti-proliferative activity of the extracts was determined using Sulforhodamine B assay. The anti-oxidant activity was measured using 2, 2-di (4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The Flavonoid and polyphenol contents were assessed using AlCl3 and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents, respectively. Results: Extracts of Erigeron sp, Gardenia crameri, Canarium zeylanicum, Elaeocarpus subvillosus and Angiopteris evecta exerted high anti-proliferative potentials (half maximal inhibition concentration IC50 <100 µg/ mL) with less cytotoxicity to normal mammary epithelial cells. Most selective, potent extracts against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines, were dichloromethane extracts of A. evecta leaves (IC50 = 43.74 µg/ mL) and C. zeylanicum bark (IC50 = 44.75 µg/ mL) respectively. All methanol extracts, except those from A. evecta and A. variabilis exhibited potent anti-oxidant activity and high poly-phenolic content in Galic acid equivalents (>50 mg/g). Comparatively high flavonoid quercetin equivalents (> 100 mg/ g) content was observed in dichloromethane extracts of Erigeron sp. leaves and bark. Conclusion: Five of the seven studied plants demonstrate potential for use in cancer treatment. The phytochemicals responsible for the anti-cancer activity of these plants may not include polyphenols and flavonoids. However, the extracts with high anti-oxidant potentials, primarily attributed to the polyphenolic compounds present. In the future, these extracts could be used to isolate potential anti-breast cancer and anti-oxidant compounds for drug development. Furthermore, the study adds scientific value for traditional remedies and decoctions.