ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the causes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and the differences in outcomes of pre-hospital first-aid measures and cardiopulmonary resuscitation for different etiologies, improved the success rate of rescue.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on OHCA patients admitted to Beijing Emergency Medical Centre from January to December 2021. The pre-hospital emergency medical records and rescue results within medical institutions were collected. Compared the basic situation between patients with cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic cardiac arrest, the differences of rescue measures and CPR outcomes between the groups were compared by non-parametric test and χ 2 test. Results:A total of 7 517 patients were included in this study. Cardiogenic arrest patients were older, more underlying diseases (84.2%), and cardiac arrest mainly occurred at home. The cause of non-cardiogenic arrest included disease (85.1%), trauma (2.9%), suicide (5.0%), traffic accidents (1.7%), poisoning (1.1%), and so on. In terms of first-aid measures, after the emergency doctor arrived at the scene, the proportion of first-aid measures used for cardiogenic patients was high (22.3%), and the first aid measures include cardiopulmonary resuscitation, tracheal intubation, defibrillation, oxygen inhalation, injection of adrenaline and use of other drugs. All the proportions of first-aid measures for cardiogenic patients were significantly higher than non-cardiogenic patients (all P<0.001). In terms of clinical outcomes, there were no statistical differences in return of spontaneous circulation ( P=0.072) and 24-hour survival ( P=0.093) between cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic patients. Conclusions:Cardiogenic cardiac arrest was the main cause of OHCA. Cardiogenic arrest patients were more underlying diseases, and older in age, the main clinical feature was onset at home. The comprehensive treatment measures for pre-hospital first-aid cardiac arrest should continue to be strengthened to improve the success rate of rescue for OHCA.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To summarize the first aid and nursing experience of a patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding induced by Dieulafoy disease after liver transplantation.Methods:One case with upper gastrointestinal bleeding induced by Dieulafoy disease after liver transplantation was given a series of treatment and nursing measures, including identify bleeding manifestations, providing emergency nursing measures, nutritional support treatment, establishing infection prevention and control system, implementing prone ventilation and pulmonary function rehabilitation, precise immunosuppressive therapy, various forms of psychological care in the First Hospital of Jilin University in November 22, 2021.Results:After 58 d of careful treatment and nursing, the patient recovered and was discharged.Conclusions:Dieulafoy disease is a critical disease, and early diagnosis and targeted first aid and predictive care for liver transplant patients with such diseases are the key to promoting recovery.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of first aid knowledge among middle-aged and elderly residents aged 50 and above in a community in Shanghai, in order to provide reference for improving the self-rescue and mutual aid capabilities of middle-aged and elderly residents. MethodsA multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a survey on 335 residents aged 50 and above in a community in Shanghai using a self-made survey questionnaire. The current situation and related factors of emergency knowledge level of residents aged 50 and above in the community were comprehensively analyzed. ResultsFirst aid knowledge level of 335 residents aged 50 and above was low, and the rate of high cognitive level was only 24.18%. Univariate analysis showed that male residents had a higher awareness rate than female residents (P=0.044), while residents aged 70 and above and 60‒ had lower awareness rates than residents aged 50‒ (P<0.05). Residents with chronic diseases had a higher awareness rate than those who did not (P=0.031). Residents with family members suffering from chronic diseases had a higher awareness rate than those without (P<0.001). Experience of first aid training affected residents’ awareness of first aid (P=0.003). ConclusionThe level of first aid knowledge among middle-aged and elderly residents aged 50 and above in the community is low. Age, the presence of chronic diseases in family members, and emergency training are independent and relevant factors that affect the awareness of first aid knowledge among middle-aged and elderly residents. The government and relevant institutions should explore the establishment of a standardized emergency response training system, implement classification and grading for middle-aged and elderly groups with different characteristics, and provide targeted emergency training to strengthen their self-rescue and mutual aid capabilities and improve the success rate of pre-hospital emergency care.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: analisar, a importância do ensino e aprendizagem sobre técnicas de Primeiros Socorros para leigos. Métodos: revisão integrativa nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE via PUBMED, BDENF, CINAHL, SCOPUS e biblioteca Cochrane, sem recorte de tempo. Os descritores utilizados foram.: "Educação da População", "Educação em saúde", "Primeiros Socorros" e "Emergências", em inglês foram delimitados e cruzados os descritores.: "Population Education", "Health Education", "First aid" e "Emergencies" os operadores booleanos AND e OR. A amostra foi composta por 11 artigos. Resultados: capacitações em primeiros socorros têm um impacto significativo principalmente ao se aplicar questionários pré e pós-intervenções, pois os erros cometidos anteriormente já se transformavam em acertos. Conclusão: as intervenções educativas realizadas em escolas e comunidades levam a propagação de conhecimento e aprendizagem, podendo assim tangenciar a formação de multiplicadores, resultando em uma sociedade informada.
Objective: to analyze, the importance of teaching and learning about First Aid techniques for lay people. Methods: integrative review in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE via PUBMED, BDENF, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Cochrane library, without a time cut. The descriptors used were: "Population Education", "Health Education", "First Aid" and "Emergencies", in English the Boolean operators AND and OR were delimited and crossed the descriptors: "Population Education", "Health Education", "First aid" and "Emergencies". The sample consisted of 11 articles. Results: first aid trainings have a significant impact mainly when applying pre- and post-intervention questionnaires, because the mistakes previously made were already transformed into successes. Conclusion: the educational interventions carried out in schools and communities lead to the propagation of knowledge and learning, thus being able to tangent the formation of multipliers, resulting in an informed society.
Objetivos:analizar, la importancia de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las técnicas de Primeros Auxilios para los profanos. Métodos:revisión integradora en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE a través de PUBMED, BDENF, CINAHL, SCOPUS y biblioteca Cochrane, sin corte de tiempo. Los descriptores utilizados fueron: "Population Education", "Health Education", "First Aid" y "Emergencies", en inglés se delimitaron y cruzaron los siguientes descriptores: "Population Education", "Health Education", "First aid" y "Emergencies" los operadores booleanos AND y OR. La muestra estaba compuesta por 11 artículos. Resultados: las formaciones en primeros auxilios tienen un impacto significativo sobre todo cuando se aplican los cuestionarios previos y posteriores a la intervención, ya que los errores cometidos anteriormente se transformaron en aciertos. Conclusión: las intervenciones educativas llevadas a cabo en las escuelas y comunidades conducen a la propagación del conocimiento y el aprendizaje, pudiendo así tangibilizar la formación de multiplicadores, dando lugar a una sociedad informada.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , FemaleABSTRACT
Este estudo examinou a produção do cuidado nos serviços de saúde, adotando a metodologia participativa "rio da vida". Realizado em uma comunidade ribeirinha no interior do Amazonas, a pesquisa utilizou essa abordagem reflexiva, envolvendo a criação de um rio com materiais artísticos, como lápis coloridos e cartolina. A técnica promoveu a proximidade com as histórias, trajetórias e empoderamento de agentes comunitários, usuários e cuidadores. Essa experiência profunda proporcionou insights sobre os desafios territoriais no acesso à saúde em situações urgentes. A gravação das narrativas durante os trabalhos coletivos serviu como método de coleta de dados, facilitando o diálogo entre a equipe de saúde e cuidadores; e enriquecendo a compreensão das dinâmicas regionais envolvidas no cuidado emergencial.(AU)
Este estudio examinó la producción del cuidado en los servicios de salud, adoptando la metodología participativa "río de la vida". Realizado en una comunidad que vive a la orilla de un río en el interior de estado de Amazonas, la investigación utilizó ese abordaje reflexivo, envolviendo la creación de un río con materiales artísticos, tales como lápices de colores, cartulina y otros. La técnica promovió la proximidad con las historias, trayectorias y el empoderamiento de agentes comunitarios, usuarios y cuidadores. Esa experiencia profunda proporcionó insights sobre los desafíos territoriales en el acceso a la salud en situaciones urgentes. La grabación de las narrativas durante trabajos colectivos sirvió como método de colecta de datos, facilitando el diálogo entre el equipo de salud y cuidadores, enriqueciendo la comprensión de las dinámicas regionales envueltas en el cuidado de emergencia.(AU)
This study examined the production of care in healthcare services, adopting the participatory methodology "river of life". Conducted in a riverside community in the interior of the Amazonas region, the research employed this reflective approach, involving the creation of a river using artistic materials such as colored pencils and cardboard. The technique fostered closeness with the stories, trajectories, and empowerment of community agents, users, and caregivers. This profound experience provided insights into the territorial challenges in accessing healthcare during urgent situations. Recording narratives during collective work sessions served as a data collection method, facilitating dialogue between the healthcare team and caregivers, enriching the understanding of regional dynamics involved in emergency care.(AU)
ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo é construir e validar uma cartilha educativa para estudantes do ensino médio sobre Suporte Básico de Vida nas escolas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, realizada em três etapas. Na primeira etapa foi realizada revisão bibliográfica, na segunda etapa procedeu-se a elaboração da cartilha educativa e por fim, a validação do material por especialistas. Entre os resultados destaca-se que a cartilha aborda as principais recomendações acerca da segurança do socorrista e suporte básico de vida no adulto e possui 14 páginas. Conclui-se que todos os itens da cartilha educativa obtiveram índice de validade de conteúdo maior que 0,82 conseguindo a validação.
The objective of this study is to build and validate an educational booklet for high school students about Basic Life Support in schools. This is a methodological research, carried out in three stages. In the first stage, a bibliographic review was carried out, in the second stage, the educational booklet was elaborated and, finally, the material was validated by specialists in the subject. Among the results, it is highlighted that the booklet addresses the main recommendations regarding rescuer safety and basic adult life support and has 14 pages. It was concluded that all items in the educational booklet had a content validity index greater than 0.82, achieving validation.
El objetivo de este estudio es construir y validar una cartilla educativa para estudiantes de secundaria sobre Soporte Vital Básico en las escuelas. Se trata de una investigación metodológica, realizada en tres etapas. En la primera etapa se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, en la segunda etapa se elaboró la cartilla educativa y, finalmente, el material fue validado por especialistas en el tema. Entre los resultados, se destaca que la cartilla aborda las principales recomendaciones sobre seguridad del reanimador y soporte vital básico del adulto y tiene 14 páginas. Se concluyó que todos los ítems de la cartilla educativa tuvieron un índice de validez de contenido superior a 0,82, lográndose la validación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students , Health Education , Education, Primary and Secondary , Validation Studies as Topic , Schools , Wounds and Injuries/nursing , Emergency Nursing/education , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/nursing , Critical Care , Emergency Medicine/education , First Aid/nursing , Paramedics/educationABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: Evaluar el conocimiento (saber) sobre primeros auxilios (PA) en estudiantes de la carrera Profesor de Educación Física de la Universidad de Tarapacá, comparando el centro de estudios de procedencia y el género del alumnado. Metodología: Se efectuó un estudio mixto, con variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, en el que se indagó sobre el conocimiento en primeros auxilios en estudiantes de la carrera Profesor de Educación Física de la Universidad de Tarapacá. Se evaluó a 169 estudiantes, 99 con ingresos procedentes del Centro de Formación Técnica Tarapacá y 70 con incorporación a partir de la Prueba de Selección Universitaria. Se aplicó una encuesta, validada por criterio experto, que investigó sobre el conocimiento (saber) en relación con primeros auxilios. Se utilizó un pretest y, posteriormente, se intervino con un curso formativo teórico-práctico en primeros auxilios. Al finalizar el curso, se efectuó un postest, que tuvo como finalidad comprobar los conocimientos adquiridos sobre primeros auxilios. Resultados: Se observó que los hombres mostraron mayor conocimiento durante el pretest y el postest, con un 95.1 % y un 100 %, respectivamente, mientras que las mujeres registraron un 75 % en el pretest y 90.1 % en el postest. Por otro lado, el alumnado procedente del Centro de Formación Técnica mantuvo indicadores superiores en ambos análisis. Conclusiones: Los conocimientos adquiridos en enseñanza intermedia, así como la realización de cursos iniciales relacionados con primeros auxilios, favorecen la preparación del futuro profesorado de educación física, lo que conlleva un mejor accionar ante situaciones de emergencia, tanto en las escuelas como en la vida cotidiana.
Abstract: Introduction: To evaluate the knowledge (knowledge) about first aid (PA) in students of the Physical Education Professor career at the University of Tarapacá, comparing the study center of origin and the gender of the students. Methodology: A mixed study was carried out, with qualitative and quantitative variables, inquiring about knowledge in first aid in students of the Physical Education Professor Career, University of Tarapacá. 169 students were evaluated, 99 with income from the Tarapacá Technical Training Center and 70 incorporated from the University Selection Test. A survey was applied, validated by expert criteria, inquiring about knowledge (knowledge) in relation to first aid. A pre-test was used and subsequently a theoretical-practical training course in first aid was intervened. At the end of the course, a post-test was carried out, which the purpose of verifying the knowledge had acquired about first aid. Results: It was observed that the men showed greater knowledge during the pre-test and the post-test, with 95.1% and 100% respectively, while the women showed 75% in the pre-test and 90.1% in the post-test. On the other hand, students from the Technical Training Center maintained higher indicators in both analyses. Conclusions: The knowledge acquired in intermediate education, as well as the completion of initial courses related to first aid, favor the preparation of future Physical Education teachers, which leads to better actions in emergency situations, both in schools and in life everyday.
Resumo: Introdução: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre primeiros socorros (PS) dos estudantes da carreira de Professor de Educação Física da Universidade de Tarapacá, Chile, comparando o centro de estudos de origem e o gênero dos estudantes. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo misto, com variáveis qualitativas e quantitativas, no qual foram investigados conhecimentos sobre primeiros socorros em estudantes da carreira de Professor de Educação Física da Universidade de Tarapacá. O estudo avaliou 169 alunos, 99 provenientes do Centro de Treinamento Técnico de Tarapacá, e 70 que passaram no exame de admissão. Foi realizada uma pesquisa validada por especialistas, perguntando sobre os conhecimentos em relação aos primeiros socorros. Um pré-teste foi aplicado e, posteriormente, um curso teórico-prático de treinamento em primeiros socorros foi ministrado. Ao final do curso, foi realizado um pós-teste com o objetivo de verificar os conhecimentos adquiridos nos primeiros socorros. Resultados: Foi observado que os homens mostraram maiores conhecimentos durante o pré-teste e o pós-teste, com 95,1% e 100% respectivamente, enquanto as mulheres mostraram 75% no pré-teste e 90,1% no pós-teste. Por outro lado, os estudantes do Centro de Treinamento Técnico mantiveram indicadores mais elevados em ambas as análises. Conclusões: Os conhecimentos adquiridos no ensino médio, assim como a conclusão dos cursos iniciais de primeiros socorros, favorecem a preparação dos futuros professores de Educação Física, o que leva a melhores ações em situações de emergência, tanto nas escolas como na vida cotidiana.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Physical Education and Training , First Aid , Students , Chile , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
El protocolo de primera ayuda psicológica basado en el modelo de las 4 C (PAP-4C) establece pautas para brindar apoyo y rescatar a individuos afectados en el lugar y momentos inmediatos posteriores a un desastre. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron estudiar los efectos de la toma de decisión y el entrenamiento presencial breve en la PAP-4C sobre la propensión al comportamiento eficaz de rescate según ese modelo, evaluada una semana después de la capacitación recibida; e identificar otras variables psicológicas que se vinculan con dicha propensión. Para este estudio, se adoptó un enfoque explicativo, que involucró la implementación de un diseño experimental factorial 2x2, con los factores toma de decisión y entrenamiento presencial breve en la PAP-4C, en una muestra de 175 estudiantes universitarios de una academia militar sin entrenamiento previo en rescate en situaciones de desastre. Los resultados de un ancova mostraron que la toma de decisión basada en la emoción perjudica la propensión al comportamiento eficaz en la PAP-4C en comparación con una toma de decisiones basada en la racionalidad, luego de controlar estadísticamente a las covariables. Con relación a la identificación de estas, una serie de características psicológicas se habían mostrado asociadas con la propensión al comportamiento eficaz de rescate. En este sentido, se habían hallado correlaciones positivas con tenacidad, honestidad, apertura, jovialidad, agradabilidad, la atracción afectiva hacia los demás y la toma de la perspectiva del otro. Además, se habían hallado asociaciones positivas con las estrategias de afrontamiento cognitivo dirigido a cambiar la situación, y cognitivo y conductual motor para reducir la emoción. Finalmente, se habían encontrado también asociaciones negativas con la aversión afectiva hacia los demás y el afrontamiento evitativo. En conclusión, por una parte, los resultados de este estudio apuntan a mostrar la importancia de que los líderes de grupos de rescate indiquen a los rescatistas que, cuando realizan la tarea del rescate de personas afectadas por desastres, eviten tomar decisiones emocionales. Por otra parte, los resultados también ofrecen orientación para la selección de personal sin experiencia previa en la asistencia en situaciones de desastre, ya que se identificó una amplia serie de variables psicológicas asociadas a la propensión al comportamiento eficaz en la PAP-4C. En suma, esta investigación proporciona un valioso aporte al campo de la asistencia psicológica en situaciones de crisis, al identificar factores y variables psicológicas que podrían influir en los comportamientos de los rescatistas no profesionales y sin experiencia previa cuando se debe rescatar y brindar apoyo psicológico a personas afectadas por un desastre.
The psychological first aid protocol based on the 4 Cs model (PAP-4C) establishes guidelines for providing support and rescue to affected individuals at the scene and in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. The ob-jectives of this research were to study the effects of decision making and brief training in the PAP-4C on the propensity for effective rescue behaviour according to that model, assessed one week after the training received; and to identify other psychological variables that are linked to that propensity. For this study, an explanatory approach was adopted, involving the implementation of a 2x2 factorial experimental design, with the factors decision making and brief face-to-face training in the PAP-4C, in a sample of 175 university students from a military academy with no previous training in disaster rescue. The results of an ancova showed that emotionbased decision making impaired the propensity for effective behaviour in PAP-4C compared to rationality-based decision making, after statistically controlling for covariates. In relation to the identification of covariates, a number of psychological characteristics had been shown to be associated with the propensity for efficient rescue behaviour. In this regard, positive correlations were found with tenacity, honesty, openness to experience, cheerfulness, agreeableness, affective attraction to the other and taking the other's perspective. In addition, positive associations were found with cognitive coping strategies aimed at changing the situation, and cognitive and behavioural motor coping strategies aimed at reducing the emotion. Finally, negative associations were also found with an affective aversion towards the other and avoidant coping. In conclusion, on the one hand, the results of this study aim to show the importance of rescue team leaders instructing rescuers to avoid making emotional decisions when carrying out rescuing disaster affected people. On the other hand, the results provide guidance for the selection of personnel with no previous expe-rience in disaster relief, as a wide range of psycho-logical variables associated with the propensity for effective behaviour in PAP-4C were identified. In sum, this research provides a valuable contribution to the field of psychological assistance in crisis situations by identifying psychological factors and variables that may influence the behaviours of non-professional and inexperienced rescuers when rescuing and providing psychological support to disaster-affected people.
O protocolo de primeiros auxílios psicológicos baseado no modelo 4 C (PAP-4C) estabelece diretrizes para fornecer apoio e resgatar indivíduos afetados no local e imediatamente após um desastre. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram estudar os efeitos da tomada de decisão e do breve treinamento presencial no PAP-4C sobre a propensão para um comportamento de resgate eficaz de acordo com esse modelo, avaliado uma semana após o treinamento recebido; e identificar outras variáveis psicológicas que estão ligadas a essa propensão. Para este estudo foi adotada uma abordagem explicativa, que envolveu a implementação de um desenho experi-mental fatorial 2x2, com os fatores tomada de decisão e breve treinamento presencial sobre o PAP-4C, em uma amostra de 175 estudantes universitários de uma academia militar sem treinamento prévio em resgate em situações de desastre. Os resultados de uma ancova mostraram que a tomada de decisão baseada na emoção, prejudica a propensão para um comportamento eficaz no PAP-4C em comparação com a tomada de decisão baseada na racionalidade, após controlar estatisticamente as covariáveis. Em relação à identificação destas, uma série de características psicológicas mostraramse associadas à propensão para comportamentos de resgate eficazes. Nesse sentido, foram encontradas correlações positivas com tenacidade, honestidade, abertura, jo-vialidade, simpatia, atração emocional pelos outros e tomada de perspectiva do outro. Além disso, foram en-contradas associações positivas com estratégias de enfrentamento cognitivas destinadas a mudar a situação e estratégias de enfrentamento comportamentais cog-nitivas e motoras para reduzir a emoção. Finalmente, também foram encontradas associações negativas com aversão afetiva em relação aos outros e enfrentamento evitativo. Concluindo, por um lado, os resultados deste estudo pretendem mostrar a importância de os líderes dos grupos de resgate dizerem aos socorristas que, ao realizarem a tarefa de resgatar pessoas afetadas por de-sastres, devem evitar tomar decisões emocionais. Por outro lado, os resultados também oferecem orientação para a seleção de pessoal sem experiência anterior em assistência em situações de desastre, uma vez que foi identificada uma ampla série de variáveis psicológicas associadas à propensão para comportamentos eficazes no PAP-4C. Em resumo, esta investigação proporciona uma valiosa contribuição para o campo da assistência psicológica em situações de crise, ao identificar fato-res e variáveis psicológicas que podem influenciar os comportamentos de socorristas não profissionais e sem experiência prévia, ao resgatar e prestar apoio psicoló-gico a pessoas afetadas por um desastre
Subject(s)
HumansABSTRACT
Introdução: Na escola os acidentes normalmente são testemunhados pelo professor, que é a figura responsável pelas crianças e adolescentes. Embora a literatura indique a relevância dos cursos em primeiros socorros, torna-se necessário entender a visão dos cursistas, como protagonistas do processo de aprendizagem, para adequar as ações formativas e as tecnologias utilizadas, uma vez que a educação em saúde pode reduzir drasticamente as taxas de lesões não intencionais. Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções dos professores de uma escola de educação básica privada a respeito do curso online de fundamentos teóricos de primeiros-socorros. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e descritivo. O estudo foi realizado em um centro de educação básica privado do Sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de janeiro a março de 2022. A população de estudo foi constituída por dez professores, que realizaram o curso de extensão online ''Fundamentos teóricos de primeiros-socorros na escola''. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, mediada por tecnologia remota e a análise foi feita por meio da Análise Temática. Resultados: O trabalho interpretativo resultou em dois temas e um subtema respectivamente: ''Primeiros socorros como um novo objeto para os professores da educação básica''; ''Contribuições do curso online: novas aprendizagens em primeiros socorros''; ''A falta de aulas práticas como limite da estratégia de ensino''. Conclusão: O curso online despontou-se como recurso útil para capacitação de professores em primeiros socorros, amplia o conhecimento e abre um campo para reflexão sobre a segurança do ambiente escolar. Contudo, a ausência de conteúdo prático é apontada como um limite da estratégia, porque não oportuniza o desenvolvimento das habilidades psicomotoras.
Introducción: En la escuela, los accidentes suelen ser presenciados por la persona docente, quien es el responsable de la persona menor de edad. Aunque la literatura indica la relevancia de los cursos de primeros auxilios, es necesario comprender la visión de quienes participan del curso. Al ser protagonistas del proceso de aprendizaje, se deben adaptar las acciones de formación y las tecnologías utilizadas, ya que la educación en salud puede reducir drásticamente las tasas de lesiones no intencionales. Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones del cuerpo docente de una escuela privada de educación básica sobre el curso en línea de fundamentos teóricos de primeros auxilios. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo y descriptivo que se llevó a cabo en un centro privado de educación básica en el sur de Minas Gerais, Brasil. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar de enero a marzo de 2022. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por diez docentes, que participaron del curso de extensión en línea ''Fundamentos teóricos de los primeros auxilios en la escuela''. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de una entrevista semiestructurada, mediada por tecnología remota y el análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante análisis temático. Resultados: El trabajo interpretativo resultó en dos temas y un subtema respectivamente: ''Los primeros auxilios como objeto nuevo para los docentes de educación básica'', ''Aportes del curso en línea: nuevos aprendizajes en primeros auxilios''y ''La falta de clases prácticas como límite de la estrategia docente''. Conclusión: El curso en línea surgió como un recurso útil para la capacitación de profesores en primeros auxilios, ampliando el conocimiento y abriendo un campo para la reflexión sobre la seguridad escolar. Sin embargo, la falta de contenido práctico se señala como una limitación de la estrategia, ya que no ofrece oportunidades para el desarrollo de habilidades psicomotoras.
Introduction: At school, accidents are often witnessed by the teacher, who is responsible for the children and adolescents. Although the literature indicates the relevance of first aid courses, it is necessary to understand the perceptions of course participants, as the protagonists in this learning process, to adapt the training actions and the technologies used, since health education can drastically reduce unintentional injury rates. Objective: To understand the teacher perceptions in a private elementary school regarding the online course on first aid theoretical fundamentals. Methods: This is a qualitative and descriptive study that was developed in a private elementary school in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil. the data collection was from January to March 2022. The study population consisted of ten teachers, who participated in the online extension course ''Theoretical Fundamentals of first aid in schools''. The data collection was done through a semi-structured interview, mediated by remote technology, and the information was analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in two themes and a subtheme respectively: ''First aid as a new topic for elementary school teachers''; ''Contributions of the online course: new learning in first aid''and ''The lack of practical classes as a limitation of the teaching strategy''. Conclusion: The online course has emerged as a useful resource for training teachers in first aid, expanding knowledge, and disclosing a field for reflection on school safety. However, the lack of practical content is identified as a limitation of the strategy, as it does not provide opportunities for the development of psychomotor skills.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Education, Primary and Secondary , Courses , First Aid/methods , BrazilABSTRACT
Objective:To summarize the application and effect of "Trinity" emergency chain in the management of patients with epidemic respiratory tract infection under the cooperation of multiple hospitals and districts, and to provide a reference for medical institutions to improve the risk response ability.Methods:Based on the collaborative management of multi-branches, the "Trinity" emergency chain of pre-hospital-emergency-critical care, identification-triage-treatment, expansion-training-dispatch was implemented to optimize and integrate medical resources.Results:During the two months, 43,000 patients were admitted to the fever clinic, with an increase of 36.08%. The average waiting time for treatment was 19.83 min, and the average admission time to ICU was 25.35 min.Conclusions:The "Trinity" emergency chain treatment scheme under the coordination of multi-branches can effectively deal with the public health events of respiratory tract infectious diseases, improve the efficiency of rescue and treatment, and enhance the risk response ability of medical institutions.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the module of the construction and application of medical first-aid at the door of the space capsule and the air evacuation.Methods:According to the purpose, principle, and method set by the module, it was divided into two sub-modules: medical first-aid at the door of the space capsule and the air evacuation. During the comprehensive first-aid training, independent training and combined training were carried out respectively according to different mission stages of launch and recovery and different recovery terrain. Meanwhile, research was performed to ensure that medical carrying equipment was lightweight, modular, and portable, and the efficiency of modularization construction was tested in the comprehensive training.Results:The module of medical first-aid at the door of the space capsule and the air evacuation obviously shortened the rescuing time during the comprehensive training, the saving effect was remarkable, and the overall saving efficiency was significantly improved.Conclusions:The module of medical first-aid at the door of the space capsule and the air evacuation meet the requirements that the emergency support system of aerospace medicine should function on an immediate basis, ensuring accurate treatment and air evacuation without any delay, so that to achieve the aim of aerospace medicare.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the teaching effect and novel ideas of online teaching applied in skill operation course.Methods:One hundred and fifty-one students studying in Sichuan University taking the First Aid in the Life: Basic Knowledge and Skills as an elective course in the autumn semester of 2019 and spring semester of 2020 were included as the research subjects in this study. Among them, 77 students in the spring semester of 2020 were selected as the experimental group and 74 students in the autumn semester of 2019 were selected as the control group. The students in the experimental group studied the first aid course by online platform, and the others in the control group studied through traditional teaching mode. The teaching effect of the two groups was compared and the teaching satisfaction of the two groups weas analyzed. SPSS 23.0 was used for Chi-square test and t-test. Results:There was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in the assessment scores of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemostatic bandaging, and fracture fixation [(8.65±0.81 vs 8.69±0.90, P=0.750); (8.10±0.50 vs 8.12±0.61, P=0.880); (8.21±0.89 vs 8.16±0.78, P=0.710)]. Among the students participating in the questionnaire survey in the experimental group, 59 (95.16%) students thought that this course was helpful in dealing with first aid in daily life, and 38 (61.29%) students did not want to change the traditional teaching method to online teaching. Conclusion:The application of online teaching in first-aid skill operation course is feasible and can achieve the similar teaching effect, which provides a novel idea for exploring the online teaching of first aid skills.
ABSTRACT
During coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the treatment of severe trauma has been impacted. The Consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention and control for severe trauma patients with 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia was published online on February 12, 2020, providing a strong guidance for the emergency treatment of severe trauma and the self-protection of medical staffs in the early stage of the epidemic. With the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council renaming "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "novel coronavirus infection" and the infection being managed with measures against class B infectious diseases since January 8, 2023, the consensus published in 2020 is no longer applicable to the emergency treatment of severe trauma in the new stage of epidemic prevention and control. In this context, led by the Chinese Traumatology Association, Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association, Trauma Medicine Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology, the Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic ( version 2023) is formulated to ensure the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of severe trauma in the new stage. Based on the policy of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council and by using evidence-based medical evidence as well as Delphi expert consultation and voting, 16 recommendations are put forward from the four aspects of the related definitions, infection prevention, preoperative assessment and preparation, emergency operation and postoperative management, hoping to provide a reference for severe trauma care in the new stage of the epidemic prevention and control.
ABSTRACT
The lower limit of preterm birth varies around the world. In China, the lower limit of preterm infants is set at the gestational age of 28 +0-36 +6 weeks or birth weight ≥1 000 g. Extremely preterm infants are defined as neonates born before 28 weeks of gestation by the World Health Organization. With the development of perinatal medicine and the achievements in neonatal care, the survival rate and the short/long-term outcomes of extreme preterm infants have been greatly improved in China. This article reviews the survival rate, mortality/severe disability rate and medical costs of extremely preterm infants, aiming to provide reference for setting the right lower limit of gestational age for preterm births.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of simulation training based on the concept of experiential education on im-proving first aid skills of medical staff in nursing homes.Methods The assessment data of 120 medical staff participating in first aid simulation training in our nursing home from January 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Using a self-controlled design,the changes in skills operation,reaction time,team cooperation,etc.were statistically analyzed.Results All indicators were significantly improved after training.The skill operation score increased by 12.4 points(P<0.05),the average reaction time decreased by 5.2 seconds(P<0.05),and the team cooperation score increased by 13.8 points(P<0.05)compared with before training.Conclusion Simulation training based on the experiential education model can effectively improve the first aid skills and cooperation ability of medical staff,which is an important means to continuously improve the emergency response capac-ity in nursing homes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand students'satisfaction with the"order-type"training of pre-hospital first aid professionals and their professional identification,and provide countermeasures and suggestions for further improving the training system of pre-hospital first aid professionals.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the students of pre-hospital first-aid major in Shanghai Health Medical College.Results Among the respondents,91(93.8%)were men,78(80.4%)were three-yearjunior college students,and 77(79.4%)were in the same dis-trict as the registered residence location.The awareness of the"order based"talent training policy for pre hospital emergency care is good(69.1%),and the evaluation of talent training is good(83.5%).The student satisfaction evaluation is relatively high,and the average score of each item is greater than 4 points;having a good willingness to work at the emergency center after graduation.Conclusion The practice of"order type"training of former emer-gency doctors is good.It can further adheres to the"order-type"training mode,promotes the two-level"or-der-type"talent training.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo desse estudo é revisão de escopo nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs e Scielo, evidências científicas voltadas a formação acadêmica de professores e educadores, em relação a primeiros socorros em escolas, visando atendimento pré- hospitalar. Estudos com enfoque na formação de professores e educadores quanto a atuação em atendimento básico de vida, no ambiente extra-hospitalar em primeiros socorros, em escolas ou centro educacionais públicos ou privados. Artigos científicos disponibilizados em plataformas digitais. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, entre os anos de 2013 e 2023, com palavras chaves, "health education", "first aid", "school teachers", nos idiomas, inglês, português e espanhol, elencados em julho de 2023, sendo analisados no Rayyan, com análise duplo-cego para efetivação de artigos viáveis e não viáveis para essa revisão. Como resultado foram encontrados 72 artigos relacionados com as palavras chaves, na qual foram identificados 33 artigos duplicados, sendo esses excluídos da revisão, restando um total de 39 artigos para a análise, de aceite ou recuso para a revisão de escopo, finalizando com 25 artigos incluídos nessa revisão, atendendo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Conclui-se que há um déficit na formação acadêmica de educadores e professores durante a sua graduação na atuação de primeiros socorros em ambiente extra-hospitalar, não somente no Brasil, mas também em outros do mundo, evidenciando assim a necessidade da reformulação de bases curriculares, com o auxílio de profissionais da saúde para que haja uma formação adequada para atuarem com segurança em situações de urgência e emergência, diminuindo a taxa de morbimortalidade e custos evitáveis quanto a serviços de urgência e emergência.
The objective of this study is to review the scope of the PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo databases, scientific evidence aimed at the academic training of teachers and educators, in relation to first aid in schools, aiming at pre-hospital care. Studies focusing on the training of teachers and educators in terms of basic life care, in the extra-hospital environment in first aid, in public or private schools or educational centers. Scientific articles available on digital platforms. This is a scope review, between the years 2013 and 2023, with keywords, "health education", "first aid", "school teachers", in the languages, English, Portuguese and Spanish, listed in July 2023 , being analyzed in Rayyan, with double-blind analysis for the effectiveness of viable and non-viable articles for this review. As a result, 72 articles related to the keywords were found, in which 33 duplicate articles were identified, which were excluded from the review, leaving a total of 39 articles for analysis, acceptance or refusal for the scope review, ending with 25 articles included in this review, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It is concluded that there is a deficit in the academic training of educators and teachers during their graduation in the performance of first aid in an extra-hospital environment, not only in Brazil, but also in other parts of the world, thus highlighting the need to reformulate curricular bases , with the help of health professionals so that there is adequate training to act safely in urgent and emergency situations, reducing the morbidity and mortality rate and avoidable costs in terms of urgency and emergency services.
El objetivo de este estudio es revisar el alcance de las bases de datos PubMed, Lilacs y Scielo, evidencia científica destinada a la formación académica de profesores y educadores, en relación con primeros auxilios en las escuelas, con el fin de analizar la atención prehospitalaria. Estudios centrados en la formación de maestros y educadores en el desempeño de la atención básica de la vida, el entorno extracurricular en primeros auxilios, en escuelas públicas o privadas o en centros educativos. Artículos científicos disponibles en plataformas digitales. Esta es una revisión del alcance entre 2013 y 2023, con palabras clave, educación sanitaria, primeros auxilios, profesores de escuela, en inglés, portugués y español, listados en julio de 2023, y se analiza en Rayyan, con análisis doble ciego para realizar artículos viables e inviables para esta revisión. Como resultado, se encontraron 72 artículos relacionados con las palabras clave, en los que se identificaron 33 artículos duplicados, que se excluyeron del examen, quedando un total de 39 artículos para el análisis, la aceptación o la utilización para el examen del alcance, que se finalizaron con 25 artículos incluidos en el examen, que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se concluye que existe un déficit en la formación académica de educadores y profesores durante el curso de pregrado en el desempeño de primeros auxilios en un entorno extrahospitalario, no sólo en Brasil, sino también en otros lugares del mundo, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de reformular las bases curriculares, con la ayuda de profesionales de la salud, de manera que exista una formación adecuada para actuar con seguridad en situaciones de emergencia y emergencia, reduciendo así la tasa de morbilidad y los costos de los servicios de emergencia.
ABSTRACT
Most seizures in children occur outside the hospital and effective first aid would protect individuals from harm. Study assessed the knowledge, attitude and home-based interventions for childhood seizures.Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted from 1stJune to 31stDecember, 2021 among caregivers of patients in a Paediatric outpatient clinic. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to assess knowledge, attitude, and home intervention of childhood seizures. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and results presented as frequency tables, percentages and charts. P-values < 0.05 were considered significant.Results: Out of 218 respondents, the commonest source of information on childhood seizures was from friends and relatives 126(73.2%). Fever was the commonest known cause. Only 15(6.9%) recognized seizure as a neurological disorder. Jerking of the body and clenchingof the teeth were the commonest recognizable symptoms. The majority said seizures were contagious (176(80.7%) and children with seizures should not go to school 187(85.8%). The overall knowledge score was poor. Negative attitudes included avoidance 19(8.7%), isolation from playing with peers (15(6.9%) and from the public 17(7.8%). Common interventions during seizures were putting palm kernel oil in the mouth while only 25(29.4%) took the child to the hospital or laid him down away from harmful objects 25(29.4%). The practice of home intervention for seizures was good in only 11(5.0%) of respondents
Subject(s)
Humans , Seizures , Attitude to Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Crisis Intervention , First AidABSTRACT
Introdução: A lei nº 13.722/2018 do dia 04 de outubro de 2018, denominada como Lei Lucas, prevê a capacitação obrigatória de professores e funcionários das escolas públicas e privadas, do ensino infantil, médio e básico em atendimentos de primeiros socorros. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento sobre Primeiros Socorros e aplicabilidade da Lei Lucas no Município de Mogi Guaçu, São Paulo. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo piloto com uma abordagem qualitativa/quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um questionário semiestruturado composto por 11 questões de multipla escolha e 1 questão aberta, elaborado pela plataforma Google formulários. A pesquisa contou com a participação de 42 profissionais da educação, a coleta de dados se iniciou após aprovação do comité de ética e pesquisa sobre o parecer número 5.578.160. Resultados: Dentre os participantes 90,5% são mulheres, 78,6% atuam como docentes. Acerca do conhecimento em Primeiros socorros, 83,3% ouviram falar sobre a Lei Lucas, 81% dos profissionais já realizaram treinamento em primeiros socorros, 59,5% durante seu tempo de atuação presenciaram algum tipo de acidente em ambiente escolar, 100% dos profissionais acham necessário nova capacitação. Discussão: A prevalência de professoras mulheres, é uma questão de gênero e paradigmas socais, em relação ao conhecimento em Primeiros Socorros é justificado pela educação em saúde. Acerca de acidentes em ambiente escolar as crianças estão em fase de desenvolvimento, os profissionais da educação estão sempre dispostos a aprender, por isso desejam novo treinamento, para atualizações. Conclusão: Desta forma conclui-se que é de suma importância o treinamento e atualização em primeiros socorros assim, efetivando a Lei Lucas no município de Mogi Guaçu, São Paulo.
Introduction: Law no. 13,722 / 2018 from October 4th, 2018, known as Lucas Law, provides the required training of teachers and employees of public and private schools, from the kindergarten, high school and elementary education in first aid care. Objective: To measure the knowledge of First Aid techniques and the applicability of Lucas Law in Mogi Guaçu city, São Paulo. Materials and methods:This is a pilot survey with a qualitative/ quantitative approach. The data collection was made through a semi- structured questionnaire composed by 12 questions, developed on Google forms platform. The survey had the participation of 42 education professionals; the data collection started after the acceptance on Ethics Committee in Research under opinion no. 5,578,160. Results: Among the participants, 90.5% are women, 78.6% work as teachers. About First Aid knowledge, 83.3% had heard about Lucas Law, 81% of the professionals had already made training in First Aid care, 59.5% during their work experience had witnessed some type of accident at the school environment, however 100% of the professionals feel that a new training is necessary. Discussion: The prevalence of female teachers is a matter of gender and social paradigms, in relation to the First Aid knowledge is justified by health education. About accidents at the school environment, children are on the development phase, the education professionals are always willing to learn, therefore they want a new training to update. Conclusion: Thereby, it is concluded that training and updating in first aid care is extremely important, thus making Lucas Law effective in Mogi Guaçu city, São Paulo.
Introducción: La Ley nº 13.722 / 2018 del 4 de octubre de 2018, conocida como Ley Lucas, establece la formación obligatoria de los profesores y empleados de las escuelas públicas y privadas, desde el jardín de infantes, la escuela secundaria y la educación primaria en la atención de primeros auxilios. Objetivo: Medir el conocimiento de las técnicas de Primeros Auxilios y la aplicabilidad de la Ley Lucas en la ciudad de Mogi Guaçu, São Paulo. Materiales y métodos:Se trata de una encuesta piloto con abordaje cualitativo/cuantitativo. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario semi-estructurado compuesto por 12 preguntas, desarrollado en la plataforma Google forms. La encuesta contó con la participación de 42 profesionales de la educación; la recolección de datos se inició después de la aceptación en el Comité de Ética en Investigación bajo el dictamen nº 5.578.160. Resultados: Entre los participantes, 90,5% son mujeres, 78,6% trabajan como docentes. Sobre el conocimiento de Primeros Auxilios, el 83,3% había oído hablar de la Ley Lucas, el 81% de los profesionales ya había realizado formación en atención de Primeros Auxilios, el 59,5% durante su experiencia laboral había presenciado algún tipo de accidente en el ámbito escolar, sin embargo el 100% de los profesionales considera que es necesaria una nueva formación. Discusión: La prevalencia de maestras es una cuestión de género y paradigmas sociales, en relación al conocimiento de Primeros Auxilios se justifica por la educación para la salud. Sobre los accidentes en el ambiente escolar, los niños están en fase de desarrollo, los profesionales de la educación están siempre dispuestos a aprender, por lo tanto, quieren una nueva formación para actualizar. Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, se concluye que la formación y actualización en la atención de primeros auxilios es extremadamente importante, haciendo efectiva la Ley Lucas en la ciudad de Mogi Guaçu, São Paulo.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To develop and validate an educational video on first aid for choking incidents in children in the school environment. Method: Methodological study, conducted between 2021 and 2022, in six stages: search for themes through interviews with 13 teachers and staff members who work in early childhood education in Niterói; theoretical study; development of the video; validation with 17 expert judges; video adaptation and validation with 17 teachers and staff. The interviews were analyzed using the Iramuteq software and the validation through the concordance index, with a desirable value of 70%. Results: The animated video, lasting 4 minutes and 10 seconds, addressed the identification and management of the child experiencing choking and was validated with a concordance index of 97% among the judges and 96% with target audience. Conclusion: The video is a validated technology that can be used to develop educational practices with professionals in the school environment.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar un video educativo sobre primeros auxilios para niños en situaciones de atragantamiento en el ámbito escolar. Método: Estudio metodológico, realizado entre 2021 y 2022, en 6 etapas: búsqueda de temas en entrevistas con 13 profesores y empleados que trabajan en la educación infantil en Niterói; estudio teórico; desarrollo del vídeo; validación con 17 jueces expertos; adaptación y validación del vídeo con 17 profesores y empleados. Las entrevistas se analizaron con ayuda del programa informático Iramuteq y la validación mediante el índice de concordancia, valor deseable 70%. Resultados: El vídeo animado, de 4 minutos y 10 segundos de duración, abordaba la identificación y el manejo del niño en situación de atragantamiento y fue validado con índice de concordancia del 97% entre los jueces y del 96% con público objetivo. Conclusión: El vídeo es una tecnología validada que puede utilizarse para desarrollar prácticas educativas con profesionales en el ámbito escolar.
RESUMO Objetivo: Elaborar e validar um vídeo educativo sobre primeiros socorros à criança em situação de engasgo no ambiente escolar. Método: Estudo metodológico, realizado de 2021 a 2022, em seis etapas: busca de temas por meio de entrevistas com 13 professores e funcionários que atuam na educação infantil, em Niterói; estudo teórico; elaboração do vídeo; validação com 17 juízes especialistas; adequação do vídeo e validação com 17 professores e funcionários. As entrevistas foram analisadas com auxílio do software Iramuteq e a validação por meio do índice de concordância, valor desejável 70%. Resultados: O vídeo animado, com duração de 4 minutos e 10 segundos, abordou a identificação e manejo da criança em situação de engasgo e foi validado com índice de concordância de 97% entre os juízes e 99% com público-alvo. Conclusão: O vídeo elaborado é uma tecnologia validada que pode ser utilizada para desenvolver práticas educativas junto aos profissionais no ambiente escolar.