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1.
Estima (Online) ; 22: e1552, JAN - DEZ 2024. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1579683

ABSTRACT

Objective: To map the social determinants of health related to diabetic foot ulcers. Method: Scoping review, as established by the Joanna Briggs Institute, registered on the Open Science Framework platform. Data were gathered from fourteen databases without time or language restrictions. Selection criteria included studies that met the search strategy: adults of both genders, social determinants of health related to diabetic foot ulcers, as defined by the World Health Organization, in hospital, outpatient, and home care settings. The World Health Organization model of social determinants of health model was used. Results: A total of 1,371 studies were identified, of which 80 were included in the final sample. The primary determinants identified were structural factors such as culture and social values (3); gender (12); and intermediary factors, including biological factors (18) and behavioral factors (13); social capital and social cohesion (3) were also highlighted, with most studies published in English in 2021. Conclusion: Among the structural determinants, culture, social values, and gender were predominant, while biological factors were the leading intermediary determinants. Social capital shows an emerging area to identify the role of family, community, and health institutions in the care of diabetic foot ulcer. (AU)


Objetivo: Mapear los determinantes sociales de la salud relacionados con las úlceras del pie diabético. Método:Revisión de alcance, conforme lo establecido por el Instituto Joanna Briggs, registrada en la plataforma Open Science Framework. La búsqueda de datos se realizó en catorce bases de datos, sin limitaciones de tiempo o idioma. Como criterio de selección, se incluyeron estudios que cumplieron con la estrategia de búsqueda, siendo: adultos, de ambos sexos, determinantes sociales de la salud relacionados con las úlceras del pie diabético, utilizando terminología estandarizada de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en el ambiente hospitalario, ambulatorio y de atención domiciliaria. Se utilizó el modelo de determinantes sociales de la salud de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados: Se identificaron 1.371 estudios, de los cuales 80 fueron incluidos en la muestra final. Los principales determinantes identificados fueron: entre los estructurales, la cultura y los valores sociales (3); género (12); entre los intermediarios, factores biológicos (18) y factores comportamentales (13); Capital social y cohesión social (3), en su mayoría publicados en 2021, en idioma inglés. Conclusión: Entre los determinantes estructurales predominaron la cultura y los valores sociales y el género, y entre los determinantes intermedios, los factores biológicos. El Capital Social destaca un escenario incipiente para identificar el papel de la familia, la comunidad y la institución de salud en la atención de las úlceras del pie diabético. (AU)


Objetivo: Mapear os determinantes sociais em saúde relacionados com a úlcera de pé diabético.Método:Revisão de escopo, conforme estabelecida pelo Joanna Briggs Institute, registrada na plataforma Open Science Framework. A busca de dados ocorreu em quatorze bases de dados, sem limitação de tempo ou idioma. Como critério de seleção, foram incluídos estudos que atenderam a estratégia de busca, sendo esta: adultos, de ambos os sexos, determinantes sociais em saúde relacionados com a úlcera de pé diabético, por terminologia padronizada da Organização Mundial de Saúde, em ambiente hospitalar, ambulatorial e domiciliar. Foi utilizado o modelo de determinantes sociais em saúde da OMS. Resultados: Foram identificados 1.371 estudos, dos quais 80 foram incluídos na amostra final. Os principais determinantes identificados: dentre os estruturais, cultura e valores sociais (3); gênero (12); dentre os intermediários, fatores biológicos (18) e fatores comportamentais (13); Capital Social e coesão social (3), em sua maioria publicado em 2021, idioma inglês. Conclusão: Dentre os determinantes estruturais houve predomínio de cultura e valores sociais e gênero, e em determinante intermediário, os fatores biológicos. O Capital Social evidencia o cenário incipiente para identificar o papel da família, da comunidade e da instituição de saúde no cuidado da úlcera de pé diabético. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Diabetic Foot , Social Determinants of Health , Review , Social Capital , Enterostomal Therapy
2.
Med. clín. soc ; 8(1)abr. 2024.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550538

ABSTRACT

Introducción: durante las últimas dos décadas, el concepto de capital social se ha utilizado con creciente frecuencia en las ciencias de la salud debido a las relaciones directas e indirectas entre el capital social y la salud física y mental de las poblaciones. Por tanto, es necesario construir un instrumento para cuantificar este concepto con seguridad y confiabilidad. Objetivo: analizar la consistencia interna y dimensionalidad de una escala de siete ítems para medir el capital social en adultos de la población general de Colombia. Metodología: se realizó un estudio de validación en línea, que incluyó una muestra de 700 adultos de entre 18 y 76 años, el 68 % eran mujeres. Los participantes completaron una escala de siete ítems llamada Escala de Capital Social Cognitivo (ECSC). El alfa de Cronbach y el omega de McDonald se calcularon para probar la consistencia interna. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios para explorar la dimensionalidad de la ECSC. Resultados: la ECSC presentó una consistencia interna baja (alfa de Cronbach de 0,56 y omega de McDonald de 0,59) y pobre dimensionalidad. Seguidamente, se probó una versión de cinco ítems (ECSC-5). La ECSC-5 mostró una alta consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach de 0,79 y omega de McDonald de 0,80) y una estructura unidimensional con indicadores de bondad de ajuste aceptables. Discusión: la ECSC-5 presenta alta consistencia interna y una estructura unidimensional para medir el capital cognitivo social en adultos colombianos. Se recomienda la ECSC-5 para la medición del capital social en la población general colombiana. Futuras investigaciones deben corroborar estos hallazgos en aplicaciones de lápiz y papel y explorar otros indicadores de confiabilidad y validez.


Introduction: During the last two decades, the concept of social capital has been used increasingly frequently in health sciences due to the direct and indirect relationships between social capital and populations' physical and mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to build an instrument to quantify this concept confidently and reliably. Objective: The study aimed to internal consistency and dimensionality of a seven-item scale to measure social capital in Colombia's general population of adults. Methods: An online validation study included a sample of 700 adults aged between 18 and 76 years; 68% were females. Participants completed a seven-item scale called the Cognitive Social Capital Scale (CSCS). Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were computed to test internal consistency. The authors explore the internal consistency and dimensionality of the CSCS. Results: The CSCS presented a low internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.56 and McDonald's omega of 0.59) and poor dimensionality. Then, the researchers tested a five-item version (CSCS-5). The CSCS-5 showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.79 and McDonald's omega of 0.80) and a one-dimension structure with acceptable goodness-of-fit indicators. Discussion: The CSCS-5 presents high internal consistency and a one-dimensional structure to measure cognitive capital social in the Colombian sample. Authors can recommend measuring social capital in the general Colombian population. Further research should corroborate this pencil and paper application findings and explore other reliability and validity indicators.

3.
Salud UNINORTE ; 40(1): 127-142, ene.-abr. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1576817

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivos: La autopercepción en salud es definida como la apreciación del propio estado de salud. Este es un fenómeno multidimensional en el que actúan variables como la salud psicológica, el capital social y algunos factores sociodemográficos. Su estimación ha tomado relevancia en salud pública, ya que predice indicadores como morbilidad, mortalidad y uso de servicios sanitarios. El objetivo fue realizar una medición de la salud psicológica, el capital social y diversos factores sociodemográficos y establecer su probable asociación con la autopercepción en salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal entre septiembre y octubre de 2021. Se aplicó un instrumento con 52 preguntas sobre autopercepción en salud, capital social, salud psicológica y algunos factores sociodemográficos, y se realizó un análisis bivariado y multivariado en el programa CIETmap para identificar las variables que tuvieron mayor influencia en la autopercepción en salud. Resultados: En la muestra, el 80 % de las personas consideró su estado de salud como bueno o muy bueno, mientras que 17 % afirmó que su estado de salud es regular; el 17 % del total de la muestra tiene un alto riesgo de sufrir trastornos emocionales, y 58 % de los encuestados cuenta con buenas redes de apoyo. Por último, se estimó que la medida de asociación que mayor riesgo presentó en la autopercepción en salud fue vivir sin pareja (OR=5.90). Conclusiones: En la población estudiada, los factores asociados al capital social y al bienestar psicológico están relacionados con la autopercepción en salud, y vivir sin pareja fue un factor relevante.


ABSTRACT Background: Self-perceived health is defined as the appreciation of own state of health. It is a multidimensional phenomenon in which variables such as psychological health, social capital and some sociodemographic factors act. Its estimation has become relevant in public health since it predicts indicators such as morbidity, mortality, and use of health services. The objective was to measure psychological health, social capital, and various sociodemographic factors in a group of adults and establish their probable association with self-perceived health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, between September and October 2021. An instrument with 52 questions on self-perceived health, social capital, psychological health, and some sociodemographic factors was applied. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate methods in CIETmap software to determine the variables that had the greatest influence on self-perceived health. Results: In the sample, 80 % of the people considered their health status as good or very good, while 17 % stated that their health status is regular; 17 % of the sample are at high risk for emotional disorders and 57 % of those surveyed had good support networks. Finally, it was estimated that the measure of association that presented the greatest risk in self-perceived health was living without a partner (OR=5.90). Conclusions: In the population studied, the factors associated with social capital and psychological well-being are associated with self-perceived health and living without a partner was a relevant factor.

4.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);29(7): e04012024, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564297

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study aims to analyze the association between bullying behaviors, adverse childhood experiences and social capital in late adolescence. Secondary school students aged 15-19 of a metropolitan region of Brazil were recruited for a sectional epidemiological survey, with a sample of 2,281 students, stratified by municipality of school location. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed from three instruments: Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, Childhood Adversity History Questionnaire and Integrated Questionnaire to Measure Social Capital, in adapted versions. The results showed that the factors associated with bullying victims were gender and adversity in childhood. The factors associated to bullying aggressors were gender, childhood adversities, and cognitive social capital. And the factors associated with bullying aggressor-victims were gender, childhood adversities, and cognitive social capital. It is concluded that bullying is associated with adversity in childhood and also with cognitive social capital and they point out the need to address the causes of violence in order to provide a healthy and safe development for children and adolescents, preventing negative outcomes for physical and mental health.


Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre o comportamento de bullying, experiências adversas na infância e capital social no final da adolescência. Foram recrutados estudantes do ensino médio, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, de uma região metropolitana do Brasil, para uma pesquisa epidemiológica seccional, com uma amostra de 2.281 alunos, estratificada por município de localização da escola. Foram produzidas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais, com base em três instrumentos: Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, Childhood Adversity History Questionnaire e Integrated Questionnaire to Measure Social Capital, em versões adaptadas. Os resultados mostraram que os fatores associados às vítimas de bullying foram gênero e adversidade na infância. Os fatores associados aos agressores de bullying foram gênero, adversidades na infância e capital social cognitivo. E os fatores associados aos agressores-vítimas de bullying foram gênero, adversidades na infância e capital social cognitivo. Conclui-se que o bullying está associado a adversidades na infância e também ao capital social cognitivo, e apontam para a necessidade de abordar as causas da violência, a fim de proporcionar um desenvolvimento saudável e seguro para crianças e adolescentes, prevenindo resultados negativos para a saúde física e mental.

5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);28(7): 1915-1926, jul. 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447860

ABSTRACT

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre aspectos psicossociais (capital social) e padrões alimentares em mulheres adultas. Realizou-se um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com uma amostra representativa de 1.128 mulheres, de 20 a 69 anos de idade, residentes na área urbana do município de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, em 2015. Os padrões alimentares foram identificados com base na frequência de consumo alimentar e classificados em: saudável (frutas, vegetais e alimentos integrais), de risco (alimentos ultraprocessados) e brasileiro (arroz e feijão), enquanto o capital social foi avaliado por meio de uma escala de eficácia coletiva. Observou-se que 18,9% da amostra foi classificada com alta eficácia coletiva. Após ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão, observou-se uma probabilidade 44% maior para adesão ao padrão saudável (RP [razão de prevalência] = 1,44; IC95% [intervalo de confiança de 95%]: 1,01-2,03; p = 0,040) e 71% maior para o padrão brasileiro (RP = 1,71; IC95%: 1,18-2,47; p = 0,004) entre as mulheres com um maior nível de eficácia coletiva, quando comparadas às com baixo nível de eficácia coletiva. Assim, este estudo verificou uma relação significativa entre aspectos psicossociais e consumo alimentar em mulheres.


Abstract The present study aimed to verify the association between psychosocial aspects (social capital) and food patterns in adult women. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted with a representative sample of 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in the urban area of the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2015. The food patterns were identified based on the frequency of food intake and classified as: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods), at-risk (ultraprocessed foods), and Brazilian (rice and beans), while social capital was evaluated using a collective efficacy scale. It was observed that 18.9% of the sample was classified with high collective efficacy. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, a 44% higher probability was observed for adherence to the healthy pattern (PR [prevalence ratio] = 1.44; 95%CI [95% confidence interval]: 1.01-2.03; p = 0.040) and 71% higher for the Brazilian pattern (PR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.18-2.47; p= 0.004) among women with a higher level of collective efficacy, when compared to those with a low level of collective efficacy. Thus, this study verified a significant relationship between psychosocial aspects and food intake in women.

6.
Rev. adm. pública (Online) ; 57(1): 0-0209, jan.-fev. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431415

ABSTRACT

Resumo O capital social é uma lente teórica importante para explicar os relacionamentos interorganizacionais e a construção da resiliência nas redes de suprimentos. Para corroborar essa perspectiva, este estudo visa identificar quais atributos do capital social contribuem para explicar o desenvolvimento da resiliência nas redes de suprimentos da administração pública e de que forma eles se combinam nessa explicação. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva que utilizou entrevistas com a técnica da grade de repertório para a coleta de dados. Os dados foram analisados mediante a análise de conteúdo de Honey e a análise de coincidência (CNA). Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que o capital social se mostrou fundamental para desenvolver resiliência nas redes de suprimentos na administração pública, por meio dos atributos de compartilhamento de informações técnicas; precisão na comunicação; antecipação na comunicação de informações relevantes; reciprocidade; confiança; transparência e comprometimento. A originalidade do estudo reside na utilização da teoria do capital social em estudos sobre resiliência na administração pública e na adoção de um método de coleta e análise de dados robusto e ainda não explorado em pesquisas na administração pública brasileira. As principais contribuições do estudo foram: 1) destacar o capital social como constructo multinível que influencia o desenvolvimento da resiliência; 2) ampliar os estudos sobre resiliência na administração pública; 3) fornecer informações que podem ser utilizadas por gestores públicos, a fim de evitar ou minimizar a ocorrência de riscos que comprometam a prestação de serviços públicos e 4) adotar um método de pesquisa inédito na administração pública brasileira.


Resumen El capital social es una lente teórica importante para explicar las relaciones entre organizaciones y desarrollar la resiliencia en las redes de suministro. Corroborando esta perspectiva, este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar qué atributos del capital social contribuyen a explicar el desarrollo de la resiliencia en las redes de suministro de la administración pública y cómo se combinan en esta explicación. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa y descriptiva, utilizando entrevistas con la técnica de rejilla de repertorio para la recolección de datos. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el análisis de contenido de Honey y el análisis de coincidencia (CNA). Los resultados de la investigación indican que el capital social demostró ser fundamental para desarrollar resiliencia en las redes de abastecimiento de la administración pública, a través de los atributos de compartición de información técnica, precisión en la comunicación, anticipación en la comunicación de información relevante, reciprocidad, confianza, transparencia y compromiso. La originalidad del estudio radica en el uso de la teoría del capital social en estudios sobre resiliencia en la administración pública y en la adopción de un método robusto de recopilación y análisis de datos que aún no ha sido explorado en investigaciones en la administración pública brasileña. Las principales contribuciones del estudio fueron: (1) resaltar el capital social como un constructo multinivel que influye en el desarrollo de la resiliencia, (2) ampliar los estudios sobre resiliencia en la administración pública, (3) proporcionar información que pueda ser utilizada por los administradores para evitar o minimizar la ocurrencia de riesgos que comprometan la prestación de los servicios públicos y (4) adoptar un método de investigación inédito en la administración pública brasileña.


Abstract Social capital is an important theoretical lens for explaining interorganizational relationships and building resilience in supply networks. This study corroborates this perspective, aiming to identify which attributes of social capital contribute to explaining the development of resilience in public administration supply networks and how they combine in this explanation. A qualitative and descriptive research was carried out, using interviews with the repertoire grid technique for data collection. Data were analyzed using Honey's content analysis and coincidence analysis (CNA). The research results indicate that social capital proved to be fundamental to developing resilience in supply networks in public administration, through the attributes of sharing technical information, precision in communication, anticipation in communicating relevant information, reciprocity, trust, transparency, and commitment. The originality of the study lies in the use of social capital theory in studies on resilience in public administration and in the adoption of a robust data collection and analysis method that has not yet been explored in research in Brazilian public administration. The main contributions of the study were: (1) to highlight social capital as a multilevel construct that influences the development of resilience, (2) to expand studies on resilience in public administration, (3) to provide information that public managers can use to avoid or minimize the risks that jeopardize the provision of public services, and (4) to adopt an unprecedented research method in the Brazilian public administration.


Subject(s)
Public Administration , Brazil , Social Capital
7.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-985376

ABSTRACT

Introduction  The demographic composition of the ethnic Korean population in Japan (often referred to as zainichi) shows a declining birthrate. However, zainichi who live in zainichi Korean communities have more children than zainichi living in predominantly Japanese communities. Social capital (SC) can increase societal efficiency by promoting cooperative behavior within communities. This study clarified the family formation and SC that supports childcare for zainichi mothers living in zainichi Korean communities.Methods  We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 zainichi mothers living in zainichi Korean communities in Japan. We qualitatively and descriptively analyzed the family formation and SC that support childcare in this population. The Ethical Committee of Osaka Prefecture University approved this study and the participants gave their written informed consent.Results  We extracted three categories and 12 subcategories for “thoughts on current family formation” and four categories and 11 subcategories for “SC supporting childcare.” Zainichi mothers living in Korean communities “think consciously about marriage” and “think positively about having multiple children and family formation,” but they have “concerns about childbearing and child-rearing.” “People who support childcare practically and mentally” and “childcare services” were also identified as important factors. Although zainichi mothers felt dissatisfied with “support that they wanted to use but found difficult to use,” they considered childcare support as human and physical SC. As an additional resource, they felt that “the zainichi community fosters security and bonding,” and thus promotes SC for child-rearing.Discussion  Networks with common norms, values, and understanding facilitated cooperation among zainichi mothers. “The zainichi community, which fosters security and bonding,” may support family formation through engendering a positive perception of child-rearing.

8.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-990261

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of depression between social capital and cognitive function of the elderly in nursing institutions, and provide new ideas for improving the cognitive function of the elderly.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey. Using the convenient sampling method to collect the general information questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Social Capital Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) of 218 elderly people from three elderly nursing institutions including Shenyang Health Care Centre, Songpu Nursing Home and Colourful Sunshine City Pension Service Centre in Shenyang from July 2020 to January 2021.Results:A total of 218 questionnaires were distributed and 202 valid questionnaires were recovered. The effective recovery rate was 92.7%. The scores of the cognitive function, depression and social capital of the elderly were (23.60 ± 4.25), (6.38 ± 4.35) and (75.41 ± 8.61). Depression scores were negatively correlated with social capital scores and cognitive function scores ( r = - 0.401, - 0.481, both P<0.05); there was a positive correlation between social capital scores with cognitive function scores ( r = 0.338, P<0.05). There was a mediating effect of depression between social capital and cognitive function, accounting for 42.1%. Conclusions:While improving the cognitive function of the elderly in nursing institutions by improving the level of social capital, it is necessary to pay attention to the mediatingeffect of depression, strengthen the psychological counseling of the elderly, promote mental health, and further reduce the occurrence and development of cognitive decline in the elderly.

9.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1025552

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the psychometric characteristics of the Chinese version of the health-related social capital scale.Methods:From March to May 2020, after the original scale was translated into Chinese following the Brislin improved translation model, 251 community-dwelling senior citizens aged 65 and above were selected by convenient sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0, including tests of significance, correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis.Results:Exploratory factor analysis extracted three factors: social participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity, which accounted for a cumulative contribution rate of 61.72%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model fitted well(χ 2/ df=1.22, RMSEA=0.04, CFI=0.98, GFI=0.93, IFI=0.98, TLI=0.97). Social capital was significantly correlated with perceived social support positively ( r=0.36, P<0.01), and with loneliness negatively ( r=-0.30, P<0.01). The three factors were significantly correlated with the total scale ( r=0.85, 0.50 and 0.52, respectively, all P<0.01). And correlations between the items of each factor were 0.24-0.55, 0.30-0.59, 0.44-0.70, respectively(all P<0.01). The Cronbach's α coefficients of the total scale and three factors were 0.74, 0.72, 0.65 and 0.62, respectively(all P<0.01), and their retest reliability were 0. 92, 0. 87, 0. 82 and 0. 96, respectively(all P<0.01). Conclusion:The Chinese version of health-related social capital scale conforms to the three-factor model with good reliability and validity, which can be used to assess the social capital status of community-dwelling older adults in China.

10.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971205

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND@#Individual-level social capital is an important determinant of older adults' long-term care needs; however, there is scant evidence regarding community-level social capital. Therefore, we investigated the association between community-level social capital and the prevalence of the need for long-term care among older adults.@*METHODS@#Between January and February 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among all older adults (n = 13,558) aged 65 to 74 years in a rural municipality in Japan (total population, n = 72,833). A self-reported questionnaire was used to identify community-level social capital, comprising civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios of the need for long-term care and a decline in social activity competence as assessed by instrumental activities of daily living. For the analysis, the community levels were divided into 76 voting districts and adjusted for daily life, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, health conditions, and the three social capital subscale scores at the individual level.@*RESULTS@#After adjusting for the covariates, we observed a tendency that a higher community level of reciprocity was associated with a lower prevalence of long-term care needs (OR: 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.75-1.00), whereas a high community level of social cohesion was associated with a significantly reduced decline in instrumental activities of daily living (OR per standard deviation increase: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.96). No significant association was found with civic participation. Similarly, individual-level social capital was associated with the need for long-term care and decline in instrumental activities of daily living.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our findings suggest that good community-level reciprocity or social cohesion as well as good individual social capital status may help prevent the need for long-term care among older adults.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Interpersonal Relations , Activities of Daily Living , Social Participation , Social Capital , Multilevel Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Long-Term Care , Japan/epidemiology , Social Support
11.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 39(7): e00214722, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447789

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Este artigo consiste em uma análise das redes sociais dos moradores de uma comunidade em Betim (Minas Gerais, Brasil), visando compreender como elas podem ser utilizadas nas estratégias de mobilização social para o enfrentamento da dengue, zika e chikungunya no território. Utilizou-se o método da trajetória de vida para analisar os eventos e os condicionantes sociais da formação, manutenção e ruptura dessas redes, a qualidade e intensidade dos vínculos, as características do capital social e sua variação ao longo da trajetória dos indivíduos. A compreensão da estrutura das redes evidencia alguns aspectos importantes para a elaboração de novas estratégias de mobilização social no âmbito da proposta de vigilância em saúde a ser implementada no local. Na trajetória dos entrevistados, a vizinhança se mostrou como importante rede de reciprocidade e de provisão de recursos no cotidiano, dada a proximidade física e a duração das relações. Além disso, as redes religiosas têm presença significativa no cotidiano dos moradores, sendo fortemente ancoradas na prestação de "ajuda" social e pautada por valores solidários. Acredita-se que os comitês populares possam estimular essas redes, sobretudo as religiosas, a utilizarem seu repertório cultural e simbólico para trabalhar questões de interesse dos bairros, como promoção da saúde, construção de territórios saudáveis e sustentáveis, desenvolvimento local, geração de renda, melhoria da infraestrutura e preservação ambiental.


Abstract: This article consists of an analysis of the social networks of the residents of a community in Betim, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, to understand how they can be used in social mobilization strategies against dengue, zika, and chikungunya within the territory. The life trajectory method was used to analyze the events and social conditioning factors of the formation, maintenance, and rupture of these networks, the quality and intensity of the bonds, the characteristics of social capital, and its variation along the trajectory of individuals. The understanding of the structure of the networks highlights some important aspects for the elaboration of new social mobilization strategies within the scope of the health surveillance proposal to be implemented locally. Within the trajectory of the interviewees, the neighborhood was revealed as an important network of reciprocity and provision of resources in daily life, considering the physical proximity and the duration of the relationships. Additionally, religious networks have a significant presence in the daily lives of residents, being strongly anchored in the provision of social "assistance" guided by solidarity values. We believe that the popular committees can stimulate these networks, especially the religious ones, to use their cultural and symbolic repertoire to work on issues of interest to the neighborhoods, such as the promotion of health, promotion of healthy and sustainable territories, local development and income generation, infrastructure improvement, and environmental preservation.


Resumen: Este artículo consiste en un análisis de las redes sociales de los habitantes de una comunidad en Betim, Minas Gerais, Brasil, buscando comprender cómo pueden ser utilizadas en las estrategias de movilización social para el enfrentamiento del dengue, virus del zika y chikungunya en el territorio. Se utilizó el método de la trayectoria de vida para analizar los eventos y los condicionantes sociales de la formación, mantenimiento y ruptura de esas redes, la calidad e intensidad de los vínculos, las características del capital social y su variación a lo largo de la trayectoria de las personas. La comprensión de la estructura de las redes evidencia algunos aspectos importantes para la elaboración de nuevas estrategias de movilización social en el ámbito de la propuesta de vigilancia en salud a ser implementada en el lugar. El vecindario se mostró en la trayectoria de los entrevistados como importante red de reciprocidad y de provisión de recursos en el cotidiano, dada la proximidad física y la duración de las relaciones. Además de estas, las redes religiosas tienen una presencia significativa en la vida cotidiana de los residentes, estando fuertemente ancladas en la prestación de "ayuda" social y pautada por valores solidarios. Se cree que los comités populares pueden estimular esas redes, sobre todo las religiosas, a utilizar su repertorio cultural y simbólico para trabajar en temas de interés de los barrios, como la promoción de la salud, la promoción de territorios saludables y sostenibles, desarrollo local y la generación de ingresos, la mejora de la infraestructura y preservación la ambiental.

12.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 37: e108, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1520523

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of possible bruxism and its association with social capital among undergraduates during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a private university in Southern Brazil. Data were collected through a self-administered electronic questionnaire (Google Forms). Possible bruxism was measured using the following question: "Do you grind your teeth or clench your jaws?". Social capital was evaluated using individual social networks. Data on self-perceived oral health, anxiety, sociodemographics, and information related to university graduates were also collected. Adjusted logistic regression models with a hierarchical approach were used to evaluate associations. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Altogether, 345 undergraduates participated in the study, with a mean age of 21.8 years (standard deviation = 5.21). The prevalence of bruxism in the sample was 57.1%. Undergraduates with low social capital had 2.06 times greater odds of bruxism than their counterparts (OR 2.06; 95%CI 1.11-3.83). Female undergraduates (OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.39-4.12), those who were in the final year of university (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.04-1.21), and those who perceived they needed dental treatment (OR 1.91; CI: 1.21-3.02) also had greater odds of possible bruxism. In conclusion, the prevalence of possible bruxism was high among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated with lower social capital levels. Knowledge of these factors is important to identify risk groups and plan strategies to control bruxism in this population.

13.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 30(4): 548-560, Oct.-Dec. 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421071

ABSTRACT

Resumo Introdução As escolhas alimentares podem ser influenciadas por apoio social e capital social. Objetivo Investigar as relações do apoio social e capital social com o consumo alimentar. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com uma amostra aleatória de 1.098 adultos (≥ 18 anos de idade) de uma cidade no Sul do Brasil. O apoio social foi mensurado por meio da escala Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), e o capital social contemplou a avaliação dos indicadores de coesão social, apoio dos vizinhos, controle social informal, eficácia política e ação social. Para o consumo alimentar, utilizou-se de uma escala com base nas orientações do guia alimentar para a população brasileira. Resultados A média de idade da amostra foi de 44 anos (DP[Desvio-padrão] = 15,8), e identificou-se um consumo alimentar adequado em 38,6% (IC95%: 35,7 a 41,5). Após ajuste, observou-se uma probabilidade 40% maior para adoção de consumo alimentar adequado (saudável) entre os indivíduos com maior nível de apoio social (OR = 1,47; IC95%: 1,07 a 2,03), coesão social (OR = 1,40; IC95%: 1,02 a 1,92) e apoio dos vizinhos (OR = 1,45; IC95%: 1,04 a 2,02). Conclusão Os aspectos psicossociais, tanto individual quanto contextual, podem desempenhar um papel importante no consumo alimentar saudável em adultos.


Abstract Background Food choices can be influenced by psychosocial factors. Objective To investigate the relationships between social support and social capital with food consumption. Method This is a population-based cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1098 adults (≥18 years old) from a medium-sized city in southern Brazil. Social support was measured by Medical Outocomes Study (MOS) scale and social capital was assessed by social cohesion, neighbor support, informal social control, political effectiveness, and social action. For the assessment of food consumption was applied a scale based on the food guide for the Brazilian population. Results The mean age of the sample was 44 years (SD [Standard Deviation] = 15.8) and adequate food consumption was identified in 38.6% (95% CI: 35.7 to 41.5). After adjustment, there was a 40% higher probability of adopting adequate (healthy) food consumption among individuals with higher level of social support (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.03), cohesion. social (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.92) and support from neighbors (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.02). Conclusion Both individual and contextual psychosocial aspects can play an important role in healthy food consumption in adults.

14.
CienciaUAT ; 16(2): 155-171, ene.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1374907

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las Unidades de Producción Familiar (UPF) están conformadas por capitales natural, físico, financiero, humano y social. Los dos últimos constituyen la base del funcionamiento del resto y de la unidad de producción. En México, Chiapas y la Frailesca, la producción de maíces, particularmente de maíces locales, tiene valor cultural, agronómico y económico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar las Unidades de Producción Familiar que cultivan maíces locales en la región Frailesca del estado de Chiapas, sobre la base cultural del manejo de los capitales humano y social. Se estudiaron 80 UPF de 20 comunidades seleccionadas mediante un muestreo por redes. Se utilizó el enfoque Modos de Vida Sustentable como marco de referencia. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y se realizaron observaciones participantes. En el estudio predominaron las familias nucleares con líderes de edad avanzada. Los jóvenes no priorizan la conservación de los maíces locales sino actividades más rentables como la ganadería, los maíces híbridos y el café. Existe un excesivo uso de agroquímicos que afecta los recursos suelo, agua y biodiversidad. Se distinguieron 6 tipos de UPF de acuerdo con sus capitales humano y social. El grupo 3 (G3) mostró un mejor equilibrio entre ambos por la participación familiar, destacándose entre los de mayor experiencia en el cultivo de maíces locales y por tener relaciones locales y de cooperación más sólidas. Se concluye que las UPF presentan características que contribuyen o afectan la conservación de los maíces locales, como la continuidad generacional, el deterioro de los recursos naturales que sostienen el cultivo a través de la fusión de las prácticas tradicionales con las modernas y la dependencia de recursos externos.


Abstract The Family Production Units (FPU) are made up of natural, physical, financial, human and social capital. The last two constitute the basis for the functioning of the rest of the capitals and of the production unit. In Mexico, Chiapas and La Frailesca, the production of corn, and particularly local corn, has cultural, agronomic, and economic value. The objective of this research was to characterize the UPF that cultivate local corn, in the Frailesca region of the State of Chiapas, on the cultural basis of the management of human and social capital. 80 UPF from 20 communities were studied, selected through network sampling. The Sustainable Livelihoods approach was used as a frame of reference. Semi-structured interviews were applied, and participant observations were made. In the predominant study in nuclear families with elderly leaders predominated. Young people do not prioritize the conservation of local corn, but rather more profitable activities such as livestock, hybrid corn and coffee. There is an excessive use of agrochemicals that affects soil, water and biodiversity resources. Six types of UPF were distinguished according to their human and social capital. The third category (G3) shows a better balance between human and social capital due to their family involvement, standingout among those with more experience in growing local corn and having stronger local relationships. It is concluded that the UPF present characteristics that foster or impair the preservation of local corn such as generational continuity, the deterioration of the natural resources that sustain the cultivation through the fusion of traditional and modern practices and dependence on external resources.

15.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);27(3): 1119-1131, mar. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364682

ABSTRACT

Abstract The study aimed to investigate the association between social capital indicators and depressive symptoms among university students from Brazil. The study drew on a sample of 579 randomly selected university students, from a greater crossnational study conducted in 2018. Students completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms, indicators of social capital and lifestyle behaviors. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. Indicators of social capital included trust, group membership and frequency of meeting friends. Four social capital indicators were significantly associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Students who agreed that people are likely to take advantage of one another were more likely to report depressive clinically relevant symptoms (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.00 - 3.23) as well as students who agreed that people are not willing to help in case needed (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.02 - 4.36). Perceived stress, smoking and hazardous alcohol consumption were not associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Social capital plays an important role in explaining depressive symptoms among Brazilian university students. The study suggests that creating trust and enhancing participation in social networks can be an important strategy for promoting mental health among university students investigated in this study.


Resumo O estudo investigou a associação entre indicadores de capital social e sintomas depressivos entre estudantes universitários do Brasil. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido com uma amostra de 579 estudantes universitários selecionados randomicamente em 2018. Os estudantes completaram questionários auto-administrados para avaliar sintomas depressivos, indicadores de capital social e comportamentos de estilos de vida. Os dados foram analisados usando modelos de regressão logística multivariada. Indicadores de capital social incluíam confiança, associações em grupos, frequência de encontrar com os amigos, entre outros. Quatro indicadores de capital social se associaram significativamente com relevantes sintomas clínicos de depressão. Estudantes que disseram que as pessoas tendem a tirar mais vantagens umas das outras eram mais propensas a relatar sintomas clínicos relevantes de depressão (OR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.00 - 3.23), assim como estudantes que relataram que as pessoas não estão dispostas a ajudar caso precise de ajuda (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.02 - 4.36). A autopercepção de estresse, o consumo de álcool e o fumo não se associaram aos sintomas clínicos de depressão. O capital social desempenha um papel importante na explicação dos sintomas depressivos entre os universitários brasileiros. O estudo sugere que promover confiança e aumentar a participação nas redes sociais pode ser uma estratégia importante para a promoção da saúde mental entre os universitários investigados neste estudo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Social Capital , Students/psychology , Universities , Brazil/epidemiology , Depression/diagnosis , Depression/epidemiology
16.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-986371

ABSTRACT

Currently, disease patterns in Japan are centered mainly on lifestyle-related diseases and diseases of the elderly, but in addition to these, mental illnesses, including stress and depression, are also increasing. This situation is expected to worsen in the future, and therefore, more efforts for health maintenance and its promotion, disease prevention, treatment of pre-symptomatic diseases, and care after illness are required more than ever before. Acupuncture and moxibustion have set "mibyo-chi" (treatment of pre-symptomatic diseases) as the highest behavioral health goal, and it recommends health maintenance and its promotion through "regimen." Acupuncture and moxibustion are based on the principle of maximum utilization of the body's self-control system through its natural healing power, which is, so to speak, the human body's renewable energy. Acupuncture and moxibustion have been trying to apply this power for the purpose of health maintenance and its promotion, disease prevention, treatment of pre-symptomatic diseases, and care after illness, respectively. The most important objectives of acupuncture and moxibustion have been health maintenance and its promotion and treatment of pre-symptomatic diseases. In the future, if society requires medical care that incorporates a social model, the era of acupuncture and moxibustion will have arrive. Acupuncture and moxibustion are based on the principle of maximum utilization of the body's self-control system through its natural healing power.

17.
Texto & contexto enferm ; 31: e20210200, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1357481

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: reflecting on Florence Nightingale's legacy from the perspective of the concept of habitus, proposed by Pierre Bourdieu. Methods: theoretical reflection on Florence Nightingale's legacy in nursing based on the description of her contribution to health care and professional training in nursing, which allowed them to be consolidated as a new professional habitus grounded in accumulation of symbolic capital, especially scientific and social ones. Results: important aspects of Florence Nightingale's family life, considered the first social contact and locus of incorporation of a habitus, determined her social relationships and investment opportunities, with implications for her professional life. Additionally, Nightingale contributed to global nursing by adding to it meaningful symbolic assets, since she overcame challenges and presented positive evidence that resulted from a care model. Conclusion: the contribution of the founder of modern nursing must be known, grasped, and remembered, because her achievements were the result of a professional identity shaped by rituals, symbols, discipline, and power.


RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre el legado de Florence Nightingale bajo la óptica del concepto de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu. Método: reflexión teórica sobre el legado de Florence Nightingale a la enfermería partiendo de la relación de su contribución al cuidado de la salud y formación profesional de enfermería como nuevo habitus profesional, fundamentado en la acumulación de capital simbólico, destacándose los científicos y sociales. Resultados: aspectos importantes de la vida familiar de Florence Nightingale como primer contacto social y locus de la incorporación de un habitus, determinando relaciones sociales y su oportunidad de inversión, con implicancias para su vida profesional. Además, Florence capitalizó para la enfermería mundial un bien simbólico significativo, superando desafíos y presentando evidencias positivas, producto de un modelo del cuidar. Conclusión: la contribución de la fundadora de la enfermería moderna debe conocerse, aprenderse y recordarse; su legado traduce una identidad profesional esculpida en rituales, símbolos, disciplina y poder.


RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre o legado de Florence Nightingale sob a ótica do conceito de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu. Método: trata-se de uma reflexão teórica sobre o legado de Florence Nightingale para a enfermagem, a partir da relação da sua contribuição no cuidado à saúde e formação profissional de enfermagem consagrado como um novo habitus profissional, alicerçado no acúmulo de capital simbólico, com destaque para os científicos e sociais. Resultados: aspectos importantes da vida familiar de Florence Nightingale, enquanto primeiro contato social e locus da incorporação de um habitus determinou as relações sociais e sua oportunidade de investimento com implicações para sua vida profissional. Além disso, Florence capitalizou para a enfermagem mundial significativo bem simbólico, pois superou desafios e apresentou evidências positivas, produto de um modelo de cuidar. Conclusão: o contributo da fundadora da enfermagem moderna deve ser conhecido, apreendido e relembrado, porque seu feito traduz uma identidade profissional esculpida em rituais, símbolos, disciplina e poder.


Subject(s)
Socialization , Nursing , Social Capital , History of Nursing , Social Identification , Gender Identity
18.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2022. 130 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1415421

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a prevalência do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas em binge na adolescência precoce e sua associação com o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas misturadas com bebidas energéticas, religiosidade e o capital social. Trata- se de um estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes de 10 a 13 anos de idade matriculados em escolas públicas de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. A amostragem foi do tipo aleatória estratificada proporcional por distrito administrativo e por ano letivo. Para selecionar os alunos, foi feito o sorteio das escolas por regional e todos os alunos elegíveis foram convidados a participar. Um total de 650 adolescentes participou do estudo. Os adolescentes preencheram o Teste de Identificação de Transtornos por Uso de Álcool (AUDIT-C), perguntas sobre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas misturadas com bebidas energéticas, consumo de álcool em binge pelos pais e melhor amigo, perguntas sobre a religiosidade e o questionário capital social para adolescentes (QCS-AE). Um formulário referente às questões socioeconômicas foi respondido pelos pais. Foi realizada análise descritiva, regressão logística univariada e múltipla (p <0,05). Os resultados foram apresentados na forma de três artigos. O primeiro artigo abordou a associação entre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas misturadas com bebidas energéticas e o binge drinking, o segundo artigo, a associação entre a religiosidade e o binge drinking e o terceiro artigo a associação entre capital social e binge drinking. A prevalência do binge drinking foi de 13,7%. No modelo ajustado, o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas misturadas com bebidas energéticas (OR: 6,13; IC 95%: 3,81- 11,83; p< 0,001), binge drinking pela mãe (OR: 2,88; IC 95%: 1,59-5,24; p< 0,001), binge drinking pelo melhor amigo (OR: 4,28; IC 95%: 2,35-7,79; p< 0,001) e família não nuclear (OR: 1,89; IC 95%: 1,03- 3,48; p= 0,039) estiveram associadas ao desfecho. A religiosidade não esteve associada ao binge drinking. As covariáveis associadas foram à idade de 12-13 anos (OR: 1,94; IC 95%: 1,06-3,56; p= 0,030), binge drinking pela mãe (OR: 3,07; IC 95%: 1,73-5,46; p < 0,001); binge drinking pelo melhor amigo (OR: 6,01; IC 95%: 3,40-10,62; p< 0,001) e família não nuclear (OR: 1,80; IC 95%: 1,01-3,23; p= 0,045). A alta coesão social na escola (OR: 0,41; IC 95%: 0.20-0.0,83; p=0,024), a alta rede de amigos (OR:1,02; IC 95%: 0.20-0,83; p= 0.013); binge drinking pelo melhor amigo (OR: 6,21; IC 95%: 3,43-11,23; p<0,001); binge drinking pela mãe (OR: 3.26; IC: 1,80-5,89; p<0,001) e a menor escolaridade materna (OR: 2,69; IC 95%: 1,52-4,76; p=0,001) estiveram associadas ao desfecho. Concluiu-se que o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas misturadas com bebidas energéticas, a idade de 12-13 anos, o consumo em binge pela mãe e melhor amigo, a menor escolaridade materna, família não nuclear e a alta rede de amigos foram fatores associados ao binge drinking. A alta coesão na escola foi um possível fator de proteção e a religiosidade não esteve associada ao binge drinking na adolescência precoce.


The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of binge drinking in early adolescence and its association with the consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks, religiosity and social capital. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with adolescents aged 10 to 13 years old enrolled in public schools in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The random stratified sampling was performed, proportionally by administrative district and by school year. To select students, schools were randomly selected by region and all eligible students were invited to participate. A total of 650 adolescents participated in the study. Adolescents completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), questions about drinking alcohol mixed with energy drinks, binge drinking by parents and best friend, questions about religiosity, and the social capital questionnaire for adolescents (QSC- AE). A form regarding socioeconomic issues was answered by the parents. Descriptive analysis, univariate and multiple logistic regression (p <0.05) were performed. The results were presented in the form of three articles. The first article addressed the association between the consumption of alcoholic beverages mixed with energy drinks and binge drinking, the second article the association between religiosity and binge drinking and the third article the association between social capital and binge drinking. The prevalence of binge drinking was 13.7%. In the adjusted model, consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (OR: 6.13; 95% CI: 3.81-11.83; p< 0.001), binge drinking by the mother (OR: 2.88; CI 95 %: 1.59-5.24; p< 0.001), binge drinking by the best friend (OR: 4.28; 95% CI: 2.35-7.79; p< 0.001) and non-nuclear family (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.03-3.48; p= 0.039) were associated with the outcome. Religiosity was not associated with binge drinking. The associated covariates were age 12-13 years (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.06-3.56; p= 0.030), binge drinking by the mother (OR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.73-5.46; p < 0.001); binge drinking by best friend (OR: 6.01; 95% CI: 3.40-10.62; p< 0.001) and non-nuclear family (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.01-3.23 ; p=0.045). High social cohesion at school (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.20-0.0.83; p=0.024), high network of friends (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.20-0.83; p=0.013); binge drinking by best friend (OR: 6.21; 95% CI: 3.43-11.23; p<0.001); binge drinking by the mother (OR: 3.26; 95% CI: 1.80-5.89; p<0.001) and lower maternal education (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.52-4.76; p=0.001 ) were associated with the outcome. It was concluded that the consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks, the age of 12-13 years, binge drinking by the mother and best friend, lower maternal education, non-nuclear family and high network of friends were factors associated with binge drinking. High school cohesion was a possible protective factor and religiosity was not associated with binge drinking in early adolescence.


Subject(s)
Religion , Adolescent , Energy Drinks , Binge Drinking , Social Capital
19.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 38(6): e00142021, 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384264

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a associação entre capital social e a incapacidade funcional, numa perspectiva longitudinal, utilizando dados da coorte de idosos de Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A linha de base do estudo foi composta por todos os idosos sobreviventes e livres de incapacidade no sétimo ano de seguimento (2004), acompanhados até 2011. A variável desfecho foi a incapacidade funcional para as ABVD (atividades básicas de vida diária) e AIVD (atividades instrumentais de vida diária), analisadas separadamente. A exposição de interesse foi o capital social, mensurado por meio de seus componentes cognitivo (coesão e suporte social) e estrutural (participação social e satisfação com a vizinhança). Variáveis sociodemográficas, de condições de saúde e de hábitos de vida foram utilizadas para efeitos de ajuste, e a ocorrência de óbito foi considerada evento competitivo. A hipótese de associação entre capital social e incapacidade funcional foi testada por meio do modelo de riscos competitivos, que fornece hazard ratios (HR) e intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Após a análise multivariada, o capital social, em seu componente estrutural, esteve associado à incapacidade funcional. Idosos insatisfeitos com a vizinhança apresentaram risco maior de desenvolver incapacidade funcional para AIVD (HR = 2,36; IC95%: 1,31-4,24), em relação às suas contrapartes. Os resultados desse estudo sugerem que a incapacidade funcional está associada a outros aspectos que não somente da saúde, evidenciando a necessidade de desenvolver políticas e intervenções que abarquem aspectos ligados ao ambiente físico e social em que o idoso está inserido.


This study aimed to investigate the association between social capital and functional disability, based on a longitudinal perspective, using data from the cohort of older adults from Bambuí, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The baseline of this study was composed of all surviving and disability-free - up until the seventh year of follow-up (2004) - older adults who were followed up until 2011. The outcome variable was functional disability for basic activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), separately analyzed. Social capital was the exposure of interest, measured through its cognitive (cohesion and social support) and structural (social participation and satisfaction with the neighborhood) components. Sociodemographic variables, health conditions, and lifestyle habits were used for adjustment purposes, and the occurrence of death was considered a competitive event. The hypothesis of association between social capital and functional disability was tested using the competing risk model, which provides hazard ratios (HR) and a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). After multivariate analysis, social capital - in its structural component - was associated with functional disability. Older adults who were dissatisfied with the neighborhood had a higher risk of developing functional disability for IADL (HR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.31-4.24), in relation to their counterparts. This study results suggest that functional disability is associated with aspects other than health, evidencing the need for the development of policies and interventions that support aspects related to the physical and social environment in which older adults live.


El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación entre el capital social y la discapacidad funcional desde una perspectiva longitudinal, utilizando datos de la cohorte de ancianos de Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brasil. La línea de base de este estudio estaba compuesta por todos los supervivientes de edad avanzada y sin discapacidad en el séptimo año de seguimiento (2004), seguidos hasta 2011. La variable de resultado fue la discapacidad funcional para las ABVD (actividades básicas de la vida diaria) y las AIVD (actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria), analizadas por separado. La exposición de interés fue el capital social, medido a través de sus componentes cognitivo (cohesión y apoyo social) y estructural (participación social y satisfacción con el barrio). Se utilizaron variables sociodemográficas, de condiciones de salud y de estilo de vida para los efectos de ajuste, y la ocurrencia de la muerte se consideró un evento competitivo. La hipótesis de asociación entre el capital social y la discapacidad funcional se probó mediante el modelo de riesgos competitivos, que proporciona tasas de riesgo (hazard ratios, HR) e intervalos del 95% de confianza (IC95%). Tras el análisis multivariante, el capital social en su componente estructural se asoció con la discapacidad funcional. Los ancianos insatisfechos con su vecindario tenían un mayor riesgo de desarrollar una discapacidad funcional para las AIVD (HR = 2,36; IC95%: 1,31-4,24) en comparación con sus homólogos. Los resultados sugieren que la discapacidad funcional está asociada a otros aspectos además de la salud, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de desarrollar políticas e intervenciones que abarquen aspectos relacionados con el entorno físico y social en el que se insertan las personas mayores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Disabled Persons/psychology , Social Capital , Brazil , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Longitudinal Studies , Independent Living
20.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 19(3): 257-275, sep.-dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357367

ABSTRACT

Resumen (analítico) El artículo propicia la comprensión del problema del trabajo infantil rural y urbano desde perspectiva interpretativa, a partir de los significados y las conceptualizaciones de las acciones de la práctica del trabajo, propias de niños y niñas en una zona rural del municipio de Tello y en la ciudad de Neiva en el departamento del Huila, Colombia. El enfoque metodológico empleado es una aproximación a la teoría fundamentada, configurada a partir de tres substanciales categorías: el capital social, el reconocimiento y el enfoque de capacidades. Se producen hallazgos respecto a la diferenciación sobre la lectura que los niños y niñas construyen sobre el significado de trabajo infantil remunerado, doméstico y relacionado con la dinámica y los vínculos que se tejen en el hogar y el entorno escuela.


Abstract (analytical) The paper seeks to understand the problem of rural and urban child labor using an interpretive perspective based on the meanings and conceptualizations of child labour in in the rural municipality of Tello and the city of Neiva, both located in the department of Huila, Colombia. The methodological approach used is an approximation of grounded theory that is configured with three categories: social capital; recognition; and the capabilities approach. The authors identify differentiations in the meanings constructed by children regarding the meaning of paid child labor, domestic work and the dynamics and links that form part of their home and school environments.


Resumo (analítico) Este artigo promove a compreensão da problemática do trabalho infantil rural e urbano em uma perspectiva interpretativa, a partir dos significados e conceituações das ações da prática laboral, típicas de meninos e meninas de uma zona rural do município de Tello e na cidade de Neiva no departamento de Huila, Colômbia. A abordagem metodológica empregada é uma aproximação à teoria fundamentada, configurada a partir de três categorias substanciais: capital social, reconhecimento e abordagem das capacidades. São produzidos resultados sobre a diferenciação na leitura que meninos e meninas constroem sobre o significado de trabalho infantil remunerado, trabalho doméstico e em relação às dinâmicas e vínculos que se tecem no ambiente doméstico e escolar.


Subject(s)
Child Labor , Rural Areas
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