ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Comparar el diagnóstico y manejo de la anemia durante el embarazo en mujeres de zonas urbanas y rurales. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, basado en un análisis de una encuesta nacional de salud del 2022. Se incluyeron registros de 18 889 mujeres con un embarazo en los últimos 5 años. Se estimaron frecuencias y porcentajes ponderados; además se aplicó la prueba chi cuadrado a un nivel de significancia del 0,05. Resultados: Al 94 % de mujeres se les realizó el descarte de anemia, este procedimiento fue más frecuente en zonas urbanas (94,9 %), comparado a las rurales (91,1 %). La mayor parte de las mujeres no recibió el diagnóstico de anemia, pero no hubo diferencias entre las zonas rurales (29,8 %) y urbanas (28,3 %). Respecto a la indicación y cumplimiento del tratamiento para la anemia, esto fue significativamente mayor en las parejas urbanas, con un porcentaje de 96,7 % y 65,5 %, respectivamente. Conclusión: En las zonas urbanas, fue mayor el porcentaje de mujeres en quienes se realizó descarte de anemia, así como la indicación del tratamiento y su cumplimiento. El diagnóstico de anemia no mostró diferencias entre ambas zonas(AU)
Objective: To compare the diagnosis and management of anemia during pregnancy in urban and rural women. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, based on an analysis of a national health survey from 2022. Records of 18889 women with a pregnancy in the last 5 years were included. Frequencies and weighted percentages were estimated; in addition, the chi-square test was applied at a significance level of 0.05. Results: 94% of women were screened for anemia; this procedure was more frequent in urban areas (94.9%) compared to rural areas (91.1%). Most women were not diagnosed with anemia, but there was no difference between rural (29.8%) and urban (28.3%) areas. Regarding indication and adherence to treatment for anemia, this was significantly higher in urban couples, at 96.7% and 65.5%, respectively. Conclusion: In urban areas, the percentage of women of anemia ruling out, as well as treatment indication and compliance was higher. The diagnosis of anemia showed no differences between the two areas(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Pregnancy , Nutritional Status , Anemia , Rural Population , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population , Iron, Dietary/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Abstract: The use of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) in the establishment of an urban protected area can enhance the positive impacts and mitigate the negative impacts resulting from its implementation. Brazil hosts some of the most important biodiversity hotspots in the world and the HIA may benefit biodiversity and human health. These areas are commonly created without any preceding survey to assess their impacts on health. Protected areas located in urban zones are essential to maintain environmental balance and quality of life in cities. It promotes positive impacts on health, providing ecosystem services and salutogenic benefits. However, they can generate negative impacts such as the violation of human rights, property speculation, spread of vectorial diseases, and psychosocial stress. Based on the identification of the potential impacts of urban protected areas on health and best practices, this qualitative and exploratory study justifies the use of HIA in urban protected areas, especially in the Brazil, and indicates the main elements for the construction of a methodological approach to contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals and one of its alternatives, the Buen Vivir approach.
Resumo: O uso da Avaliação de Impacto à Saúde (AIS) na criação de uma área protegida urbana pode potencializar os impactos positivos e mitigar os impactos negativos resultantes de sua implementação. O Brasil abriga alguns dos mais importantes hotspots de biodiversidade do mundo e a implementação da AIS pode beneficiar tanto estas áreas como a saúde humana. As áreas protegidas urbanas são comumente estabelecidas sem qualquer avaliação prévia de seus impactos na saúde e são essenciais para manter o equilíbrio ambiental e a qualidade de vida nas cidades. Além disso, as áreas protegidas impactam positivamente a saúde, fornecendo serviços ecossistêmicos e benefícios salutogênicos. Contudo, podem gerar impactos negativos, como violação de direitos humanos, especulação imobiliária, disseminação de doenças vetoriais e estresse psicossocial. Com base na identificação dos impactos potenciais das áreas protegidas urbanas na saúde e nas melhores práticas para aplicá-las, este estudo qualitativo e exploratório justifica o uso da AIS em áreas protegidas urbanas, especialmente no Brasil, e indica os principais elementos para a construção de uma abordagem metodológica que contribua com os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e uma de suas alternativas, a abordagem Buen Vivir.
Resumen: Usar la Evaluación del Impacto en la Salud (EIS) para crear un área protegida urbana puede potenciar los impactos positivos y mitigar los impactos negativos resultantes de su implementación. En Brasil se pueden encontrar algunos de los hotspots de biodiversidad más importantes del mundo e implementar la EIS puede beneficiar tanto estas áreas como la salud humana. Las áreas protegidas urbanas, en general, se establecen sin cualquier evaluación previa de sus impactos en la salud y son esenciales para mantener el equilibrio ambiental y la calidad de vida en las ciudades. Además, las áreas protegidas tienen un impacto positivo en la salud, proporcionando servicios ecosistémicos y beneficios salutogénicos. Sin embargo, pueden generar impactos negativos, como la violación de los derechos humanos, la especulación inmobiliaria, la propagación de enfermedades vectoriales y el estrés psicosocial. Con base en la identificación de los posibles impactos de las áreas protegidas urbanas en la salud y en las mejores prácticas para aplicarlas, este estudio cualitativo y exploratorio justifica el uso de la EIS en áreas protegidas urbanas, sobre todo en Brasil, e indica los elementos principales para construir un enfoque metodológico que contribuya a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y una de sus alternativas, el enfoque Buen Vivir.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar a prevalência da insegurança alimentar domiciliar em diferentes territórios da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, e analisar fatores demográficos e socioambientais a ela associados. Os dados utilizados são de uma pesquisa maior denominada Qualidade do Ambiente Urbano de Salvador - QUALISalvador, realizada entre 2018 e 2020 em Salvador. A insegurança alimentar foi avaliada por meio da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Foram analisados 15.171 domicílios. Modelos de regressão logística multinominal foram utilizados para analisar a associação de variáveis demográficas e socioambientais com insegurança alimentar leve (IAL) e moderada ou grave (IAMG), para Salvador e macrozonas. Salvador apresentou 40,96% de insegurança alimentar. Nas macrozonas, as prevalências se diferenciaram: Orla Atlântica (25,8%), Área Urbana Consolidada (33%), Subúrbio (45,7%) e Miolo (47,9%). Todos os fatores analisados apresentaram associação com IAL e/ou IAMG no modelo para Salvador, entre eles estão o responsável pelo domicílio ter escolaridade ≤ 4 anos (IAL: OR = 2,00; IC95%: 1.61-2,47/IAMG: OR = 4,94; IC95%: 3,83-6,35), renda familiar per capita de até 1/2 salário mínimo (IAL: OR = 2,62; IC95%: 2,37-2,93/IAMG: OR = 4,03; IC95%: 3,53-4,60), percepção sobre a qualidade do ambiente urbano como ruim (IAL: OR = 1,57; IC95%: 1,36-1,81/IAMG: OR = 2,03; IC95%: 1,73-2,38), com maior prevalência de insegurança alimentar em cenários de pior situação sociodemográfica. Na macrozona Miolo todos os fatores também se mantiveram associados à insegurança alimentar. Assim, os fatores de vulnerabilidade social estão associados à insegurança alimentar na capital e macrozonas, mas apresentam-se de formas especificas segundo características de cada território.
This study aimed to present the prevalence of household food insecurity in different territories of the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, and to analyze demographic and socio-environmental factors associated with it. The data used are from a larger survey named Quality of the Urban Environment of Salvador - QUALISalvador, carried out from 2018 to 2020 in in the city. Food insecurity was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. A total of 15,171 households were analyzed. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of demographic and socio-environmental variables with mild food insecurity (MFI) and moderate or severe food insecurity (MSFI) for Salvador and by macrozones. Salvador presented 40.96% of food insecurity. In the macrozones, the prevalence differed: Atlantic Coast (25.8%), Consolidated Urban Area (33%), Suburb (45.7%), and Core (47.9%). All factors analyzed were associated with MFI and/or MSFI in the model for Salvador, namely: household head having schooling ≤ 4 years (MFI: OR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.61-2.47/MSFI: OR = 4.94; 95%CI: 3.83-6.35), having per capita family income of up to 1/2 minimum wage (MFI: OR = 2.62; 95%CI: 2.37-2.93/MSFI: OR = 4.03; 95%CI: 3.53-4.60), perception of the quality of the urban environment as poor (MFI: OR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1.36-1.81/MSFI: OR = 2.03; 95%CI: 1.73-2.38), with a higher prevalence of food insecurity in scenarios of worse sociodemographic situation. In the Core Macrozone, all factors were also associated with food insecurity. Thus, the factors of social vulnerability are associated with food insecurity in the capital and macrozones, but they are presented in a specific way according to the characteristics of each territory.
El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de la inseguridad alimentaria familiar en diferentes territorios de la ciudad de Salvador (Bahía, Brasil) y analizar sus factores demográficos y socioambientales asociados. Los datos provienen de la encuesta Calidad del Ambiente Urbano de Salvador - QUALISalvador, realizada entre 2018 y 2020 en Salvador. La inseguridad alimentaria se evaluó mediante la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria. Se analizaron 15.171 domicilios. Se utilizaron los modelos de regresión logística multinomial para analizar la asociación de variables demográficas y socioambientales con la inseguridad alimentaria leve (IAL) y moderada o severa (IAMG) para Salvador, por macrozonas. Salvador presentó el 40,96% de inseguridad alimentaria. En las macrozonas, las prevalencias fueron diferentes: Orla Atlântica (25,8%), Área Urbana Consolidada (33%), Subúrbio (45,7%) y Miolo (47,9%). Todos los factores analizados se asociaron con IAL e/o IAMG en el modelo para Salvador, entre ellos destacan el responsable del hogar con nivel de estudios ≤ 4 años (IAL: OR = 2,00; IC95%: 1,61-2,47/IAMG: OR = 4,94; IC95%: 3,83-6,35), con renta familiar per cápita de hasta 1/2 salario mínimo (IAL: OR = 2,62; IC95%: 2,37-2,93/IAMG: OR = 4,03; IC95%: 3,53-4,60), percepción de mala calidad del medio urbano (IAL: OR = 1,57; IC95%: 1,36-1,81/IAMG: OR = 2,03; IC95%: 1,73-2,38) y mayor prevalencia de inseguridad alimentaria en escenarios con peor situación sociodemográfica. En la macrozona Miolo, todos los factores también estuvieron asociados con la inseguridad alimentaria. Por tanto, los factores de vulnerabilidad social se asocian a la inseguridad alimentaria en la capital y en las macrozonas, pero son específicos según las características de cada territorio.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: El consumo de embutidos se ha asociado con serios problemas de salud que son comunes entre la población femenina. En el 2015 la Agencia Internacional para la Investigación en Cáncer clasificó los embutidos, como carcinógenos para los seres humanos ya que su ingesta está relacionada con el cáncer colorrectal. El aumento en el consumo de embutidos, los cuales son un alimento fuente de proteína de bajo costo, es diferencial según nivel socioeconómico y puede tener un impacto en la incidencia de enfermedades crónicas en la población. Objetivo: Examinar la asociación entre el consumo de embutidos y (a) la ingesta total de proteína, (b) la ingesta inadecuada de proteína, según NSE. Métodos: Se seleccionó una muestra (N = 135) de mujeres de 25 a 45 años, con 1 a 4 hijos, pertenecientes a tres diferentes niveles socioeconómicos, residentes de dos cantones del Gran Área Metropolitana de San José, Costa Rica, entre junio 2014 y marzo 2015. Mediante el uso de fotografías se indagó la percepción de las mujeres en cuanto al costo y su preferencia de consumo de 12 distintos alimentos, entre los cuales se incluyó los embutidos. Por medio de recordatorios alimentarios de 24 horas recolectados en tres visitas diferentes, y el uso de la base de datos de composición de alimentos ValorNut, se midió el consumo de proteína total en gramos y se determinó la cantidad promedio de veces por día que las mujeres consumen embutidos. A partir del peso de cada participante se determinó su requerimiento de proteína. La ingesta inadecuada de proteína se estimó como la diferencia entre el requerimiento y la ingesta observada. Mediante un modelo de regresión lineal se determinó la asociación entre el consumo total de proteína medido en gramos y la cantidad de veces por día que se ingiere embutidos. Mediante un modelo de regresión logística se estimó la asociación entre la ingesta inadecuada de proteína y la cantidad de veces por día que se ingiere embutidos. Resultados: Los embutidos son percibidos como la fuente de proteína menos apetecible, sin embargo, fue la tercera fuente de proteína más consumida. El consumo de embutidos difiere según NSE (P < 0.01), en el alto NSE es donde se consumen con menor frecuencia. Los embutidos más comúnmente consumidos fueron mortadela (bajo NSE), salchichón (NSE medio), y jamón de pavo (alto NSE). El consumo de embutidos se asocia significativamente con un incremento en la ingesta de proteína. Se encontró una asociación inversa entre el NSE y la ingesta inadecuada de proteína. Conclusiones: El consumo de embutidos está asociado con el nivel socioeconómico. Es probable que las mujeres consuman embutidos porque los perciben como un alimento fuente de proteína de bajo costo. Se requiere establecer estrategias educativas que ayuden a las mujeres a identificar sus necesidades alimentarias de proteína y a conciliar estas necesidades con la adquisición de alimentos saludables a un costo aceptable.
Abstract Introduction: Intake of processed meats has been associated with serious health problems that are common among women. In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified processed meats as human carcinogens, associated specifically with colon cancer. The increase in intake of processed meats, which are a low-cost source of dietary protein, varies by socioeconomic status (SES) and can impact chronic disease incidence. Objective: Examine the association between processed meats intake and (a) total protein intake, (b) inadequate protein intake, by SES. Methods: This study included a representative sample (N = 135) of women age 25 to 45 years, with one to four children, from three different socioeconomic groups who were residents of two counties from the Greater Metropolitan Area of San José, Costa Rica between June 2014 and March 2015. Using photographs, we examined women's perceptions of the cost and perceived desirability of 12 different foods, including processed meats. Using 24-hour dietary recalls collected on three different days, and the ValorNut food composition database, we estimated total protein intake, in grams, and determined the intake frequency (times/day) of processed meat. Each women's dietary protein requirement was estimated based on her bodyweight. Inadequate protein intake was calculated as the difference between protein requirement and actual intake. A linear regression model was used to determine the association between total protein intake in grams and intake frequency (times/day) of processed meat. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between low protein intake and intake frequency (times/day) of processed meat. Results: Processed meats were perceived as the least preferred protein source but were the third most commonly consumed protein source. Consumption of processed meats differed by SES and was lower in the higher SES group (P < 0.01). The most commonly consumed processed meats by SES were "mortadella" (low-SES), sausages (middle-SES), and sliced turkey/ham (high-SES). Processed meat intake was significantly associated with an increase in protein intake. There was an inverse association between SES and inadequate protein intake. Conclusions: Processed meat intake is associated with SES. Women may consume processed meats because they are perceived to be a low-cost protein source. Educational strategies are needed to help women identify their protein needs and meet those needs with healthier and affordable dietary alternatives.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Diet, Food, and Nutrition , Inflation, Economic , Meat Products/adverse effects , Economic Factors , ObesityABSTRACT
O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e comparar os níveis motivacionais para a prática esportiva de escolares de instituições rurais e urbanas. Ao todo participaram do estudo 848 estudantes, sendo 424 da escola do campo e 424 da escola urbana, com idades compreendidas entre 10 a 19 anos de ambos os sexos. Para a avaliação do quadro motivacional esportivo foi utilizado o instrumento de pesquisa "Sport Motivation Scale" (SMS), que visa mensurar e avaliar componentes intrínsecos e extrínsecos da motivação. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes de Mann Whitney para comparação de grupos e o teste qui quadrado para a associação das variáveis. Após a interpretação dos dados, os resultados indicaram que os alunos das zonas rurais de ensino encontravam-se mais motivados que os estudantes do perímetro urbano, sobretudo, quando a comparação se deu entre escolares do sexo feminino e em etapas mais avançadas de escolaridade. Em consonância a esses dados, quando realizado um teste de associação entre o tipo de escola e a classificação motivacional, constatou-se que a maioria dos discentes das escolas rurais estavam classificados em um nível de motivação considerado alto. Em suma, a partir deste estudo, verificamos que o ambiente onde os escolares estudam ou residem, em alguma medida, pode influenciar na motivação esportiva. Embora não esteja claro as razões pelas quais os escolares do campo se evidenciaram mais motivados, acreditamos que no contexto rural existe uma limitação quanto à diversidade de atividades, o que acaba contribuindo para uma maior atenção para as práticas esportivas. Como na cidade o jovem tem a sua disposição um leque maior de espaços de convivência social, é provável que o esporte passe a ser dividido com outras ocupações e, por isso, ocorra um maior arrefecimento motivacional no espaço urbano quando comparado com o meio rural.(AU)
The present study aimed to identify and compare the motivational levels for the sport practice of students from rural and urban schools. The study included 848 students, being 424 of the rural school and 424 of the urban school, aged between 10 and 19 years of both sexes. For the evaluation of the sport motivational framework, we used the research instrument "Sport Motivation Scale" (SMS) to measure and evaluate the intrinsic and extrinsic components of motivation. For the statistical analysis was performed Mann Whitney tests for comparison of groups and chi-square test for the association of variables. After the data were interpreted, the results indicated that students in rural areas were more motivated than students in the urban perimeter, especially when the comparison was made between female students and at more advanced levels of schooling. In line with these data, when a test of association between the type of school and the motivational classification was carried out, it was found that the most of rural schoolchildren were classified as having a high motivation level. In short, from this study, we verified that the environment where the students study or reside can influence sport motivation. Although it is not clear why rural schoolchildren were more motivated, we believe that in the rural context there is a limitation on the diversity of activities, which contributes to greater attention to sport practices. As in the city the youth has at its disposal a wider range of social coexistence, it is probably that the sport will be divided with other occupations, which contributes to the reduction of the sports motivation when compared to rural students.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Sports , Rural Areas , Urban Area , Motivation , Physical Education and Training , Schools , Students , Teaching , EducationABSTRACT
No ano de 2018, houve 227.920 óbitos no Brasil por neoplasias, 19.692 referentes à população feminina do noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Estima-se que para 2020, 115.780 novos casos de câncer incidam sobre a população feminina brasileira, o que justifica o enfoque principal do presente estudo. Este avaliou a associação entre as características sociodemográficas, clínicas e familiares de mulheres recentemente diagnosticadas com câncer e o seu local de moradia. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e observacional, o qual a coleta de dados ocorreu no período de agosto 2018 a janeiro de 2019 através da aplicação de um questionário, participaram 143 mulheres recentemente diagnosticadas com câncer, assistidas em um Centro de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia (CACON) de um hospital geral porte IV (300 ou mais leitos) as quais foram subdivididas em três grupos: Rural, Urbano sem Exposição Rural e Urbano com Exposição Rural. Verificou-se que 51% das mulheres possuíam idade inferior a 60 anos e, comorbidades como: Obesidade, depressão e câncer de mama, demostraram associação significativa com relação ao local de moradia (p=0,035, p=0,028 p=0,032, respectivamente). Conclui-se que apesar do meio urbano disponibilizar maior infraestrutura no diagnóstico, tratamento e medidas de prevenção à ocorrência do câncer; mulheres urbanas, rurais e expostas ao meio rural, demonstraram ocorrências parecidas para a incidência de alguns tipos de canceres.
In 2018, there were 227,920 deaths in Brazil due to neoplasms, 19,692 referring to the female population in the northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is estimated that by 2020, 115,780 new cases of cancer affected the Brazilian female population, which justifies the main focus of the present study. This study assessed the association between the sociodemographic, clinical, and family characteristics of women recently diagnosed with cancer and their place of residence. This is a cross-sectional and observational study, in which data collection took place from August 2018 to January 2019 through the application of a questionnaire applied to 143 women recently diagnosed with cancer. These subjects were attended in a High Complexity Oncology Center (CACON) of a size IV general hospital (300 or more beds) which were subdivided into three groups: Rural, Urban without Rural Exposure, and Urban with Rural Exposure. It was found that 51% of women were under the age of 60 years old, and comorbidities such as obesity, depression, and breast cancer showed a significant association in relation to the place of residence (p=0.035, p=0.028 p=0.032, respectively). It is concluded that despite the urban environment providing greater infrastructure in the diagnosis, treatment, and measures to prevent the occurrence of cancer, urban, rural and women exposed to the rural environment, demonstrated similar occurrences for the incidence of some types of cancers.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir y profundizar la vivencia de las mujeres en su rol como amas de casa (AC). Es un estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico con mirada etnográfica. Se realizaron veinte entrevistas semiestructuradas analizadas en profundidad, familigramas y ecomapas, a AC de 29 y 61 años seleccionadas en forma intencional y por conveniencia en una población rural y otra urbana. Ama de casa y nada más: Las AC están pendientes de aquellos que las rodean, "sos maestra, cocinera, costurera, un montón de cosas ". Aunque su dedicación es de tiempo completo, su relato finaliza con "( ) nada más ( )". Nunca termina: Un día de las AC resulta agotador, "siempre hay cosas para hacer". ¿Atrapadas sin salida?: El tiempo libre es gestionado de diferente manera. Algunas no cuentan con este momento por la dificultad que tienen para delegar tareas, "sin mí no son nada". Quisiera ser : varias no pudieron proyectarse más allá del día a día, otras expresaron sentimientos de resignación y algunas se vieron esperanzadas en realizar nuevas actividades. "La que no puede enfermarse soy yo": Nadie las sustituye en su trabajo, remarcando tener que estar 100 % disponibles para sus familias. "Se dice de mi": Se sienten valoradas por su familia, no socialmente, haciendo referencia al machismo predominante, "los hombres creen que es muy fácil". Es un trabajo invisible que se valora cuando está ausente. Creemos que, como Médicos de Familia podemos intervenir brindando un refuerzo positivo en cada consulta, empoderándolas, reconociendo que su trabajo es importante y valioso (AU)
The objective of this research was to describe and deepen into the experience of women in their role as housewives (HW). It is a qualitative, phenomenological research with an ethnographic view, based on 20 semi-structured interviews analyzed in depth, with family genograms and ecomaps, from HW between 29 and 61 years old, selected intentionally and for convenience, on a rural and a urban scenary. Housewife and nothing else: The HWs are aware of those around them, "you're a teacher, cooker, seamstress, a lot of things ...". Although their dedication is full time, their story ends with "(...) nothing else (...)". It never ends: A HW's day is exhausting, "there're always things to do." Caught with no way out?: Free time is managed in different ways. Some do not have this moment, because of the difficulty to delegate tasks, "without me they're nothing". I would like to be ...: many of them could not project beyond their rutine, others expressed feelings of resignation and some were hopeful at performing new activities. "The only one who can't get sick is me": No one substitutes them in their work, they have to be a 100% available for their families. "It's said of me": They feel valued by their families, not socially, referring to the predominant machismo, "men believe it's very easy." It's an invisible work that's valued when it's absent. We believe that, as Family Physicians, we can intervene by providing positive reinforcement in each consultation, empowering them, recognizing that their work is important and valuable (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Women, Working , Rural Areas , Urban Area , Gender Role , Interpersonal RelationsABSTRACT
Abstract Dioctophyme renale is a zoonotic nematode that parasites the kidneys of wild and domestic carnivores, and it has been reported frequently in Brazil. The aim here was to register the number of cases of dogs and cats diagnosed with dioctophymosis by necropsy (1981 to 2014) and ultrasound examination (2010 to 2015) in Pelotas-RS. In this context, a survey was conducted on dioctophymosis cases diagnosed at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory (LPV) and Veterinary Clinical Hospital (HCV) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), and at a specialist veterinary imaging diagnostics clinic. In total, 95 cases were registered. The high series of the disease in dogs can be related to the presence of a large number of stray and semi-domestic dogs in the city, and also due to the ingestion of intermediate hosts of D. renale parasitized with the infective larvae. Thus, it can be concluded that Pelotas is a city with favorable conditions for the occurrence of dioctophymosis with high rate of disease in recent years.
Resumo Dioctophyme renale é um nematódeo zoonótico que parasita principalmente o rim de carnívoros silvestres e domésticos, e tem sido relatado com frequência no Brasil. Objetivou-se registrar o número de casos de cães e gatos diagnosticados com dioctofimatose por necropsia (1981 a 2014) e exame ultrassonográfico (2010 a 2015) em Pelotas-RS. Nesse contexto, foi realizado um inquérito de casos de dioctofimatose em animais de companhia no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) e no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária (HCV) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), e em uma clínica veterinária especializada em diagnóstico por imagem, totalizando 95 casos registrados. A elevada casuística da doença em cães pode estar relacionada à presença de um grande número de cães errantes e semi-domiciliados na cidade, e também devido à ingestão dos hospedeiros intermediários de D. renale parasitados com a larva infectante. Assim, conclui-se que Pelotas é uma cidade propícia para a ocorrência de dioctofimatose, com elevada casuística da doença nos últimos anos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Enoplida Infections/veterinary , Dioctophymatoidea/isolation & purification , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Brazil , Enoplida Infections/parasitologyABSTRACT
Resumen: Objetivo: Documentar frecuencia y tipos de acoso en la calle (AC) y la asociación entre experiencias de AC y percepción de cohesión social (CS). Material y métodos: Análisis de encuesta a mujeres que solicitan servicios en clínicas de la Secretaría Salud del Gobierno de la Ciudad de México. Resultados: 62.8% reportó algún tipo de AC el mes previo a la encuesta; aquéllas con experiencias de AC reportaron índices significativamente menores de CS (b = -0.46; IC95%: -0.69, -0.22). Conclusiones: Reducir el AC puede tener implicaciones importantes para mejorar la percepción de CS y la seguridad de las mujeres en la Ciudad de México.
Abstract: Objective: To document the frequency and forms of street harassment and examine the association between street harassment experiences and perceptions of social cohesion. Materials and methods: Baseline survey data collected among women seeking care in public health clinics in Mexico City were used for analysis. Results: Nearly two-thirds (62.8%) of women reported experiencing some form of street harassment in the prior month; women with street harassment experiences reported significantly lower perceived social cohesion (b=-0.46; 95%CI: -0.69,-0.22). Conclusions: Findings indicate reducing street harassment may have important implications for improving women’s perceived social cohesion and their safety in Mexico City.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Harassment, Non-Sexual/statistics & numerical data , Gender-Based Violence/statistics & numerical data , Interpersonal Relations , Urban Population , Self Report , MexicoABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar el consumo habitual de alimentos de niños en una zona urbana y otra rural en la población de Arandas, México.En un estudio transversal se incluyeron 196 niños de cinco a doce años que asistían a escuelas de educación preescolar y escolar. Se recabaron datos sociodemográficos, se realizó evaluación antropométrica y del consumo de alimentos, mediante dos encuestas alimentarias de recordatorio de 24 horas y otra de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. Se compararon las características generales y del consumo de alimentosentre niños procedentes de zona rural y de zona urbana con las pruebas t de Student y chi cuadrada. El número de miembros por familia fue superior en zona rural, mientras que el ingreso familiar y el gasto en alimentación fueron superiores en zona urbana. No identificamos diferencias en la distribución del IMC, índice talla para la edad, ni en el consumo de energía y nutrientes entre zonas urbana y rural. El consumo de frutas y productos de origen animal fue más común en zona urbana, mientras que el de cereales y leguminosas fue más común en zona rural. Existen diferencias en el consumo de alimentos en estas poblaciones, con mayor consumo de alimentos considerados como tradicionales en zona rural y de alimentos de origen animal en zona urbana. Es importante identificar estas diferencias en vista de la transición nutricio alimentaria en la que se encuentra el país(AU)
Comparison of foodconsumption in children living in an urban area and a rural population in Arandas, Mexico. The objective of this study was to com- pare the habitual food intake of children in urban and rural areas in the town of Arandas, Mexico. In a crosssectional study 196 children from five to twelveyears,attending preschool and school education were included. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected, as well as food consumption using two dietary surveys of 24-hour recall and a food frequency consumption questionnaire. General and food consumption characteristics among children from rural and urban areas were compared with Student t test and chi square. The number of members per household was higher in rural areathan in urban area, while household income and expenditure on food was higher in urban area. There were no differences in the distribution of BMI, height for age index, or the consumption of energy and nutrients between urban and rural area. The consumption of fruits and animal products was more frequent in urban area, while cereals and legumes were more common in rural area. There are differences in food intakein these populations, with increased consumption of foods considered traditional in rural area, and animal foods in urban area. It is important to identify these differences in view of the currentnutritional and epidemiologicaltransition of the Mexican population(AU)