Conocimiento en estudiantes de enfermería sobre desinfección terminal del área quirúrgica / Knowledge in nursing students about terminal disinfection of the surgical area

Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato sobre la desinfección terminal del área quirúrgica. Metodología: Esta investigación es cuantitativa, con enfoque descriptivo de cohorte transversal ya que el nivel de conocimiento se ha representado mediante tablas y gráficos para describir la problemática del periodo octubre 2023-febrero 2024. Resultados: Se evidencia el alto porcentaje de respuestas incorrectas por cada ítem por parte de los estudiantes. La categoría desinfección fue respondida de manera incorrecta con un porcentaje del 26%, la categoría proceso de desinfección con el 55,6%, la categoría aplicación del DAN con el 45.8%, la categoría desinfectante del DAN con el 36,2% y, por último, la categoría riesgo y prevención del DAN con el 29,2%. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes sobre desinfección es bajo, porque no están lo suficientemente motivados o interesados en el tema de desinfección[AU]

Determine the level of knowledge of nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato about terminal disinfection of the surgical area.Methodology:This research is quantitative, with a descriptive cross-sectional cohort approach and the level of knowledge has been represented through tables and graphs to describe the problems of the period October 2023-February 2024.Results:A high percentage of incorrect answers for each item by the students is evident. The disinfection category was answered incorrectly with a percentage of 26%, the disinfection process category with 55.6%, the DAN application category with 45.8%, the disinfectant category with 36.2% and, finally, the DAN risk and prevention category. with 29.2%. Conclusions:The level of knowledge of students about disinfection is low, because they are not sufficiently motivated or interested in the topic of disinfection[AU]

Determinar o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade Técnica de Ambato sobre desinfecção terminal da área cirúrgica. Metodologia:Esta pesquisa é quantitativa, com abordagem descritiva de coorte transversal e o nível de conhecimento foi representado por meio de tabelas e gráficos para descrever os problemas do período outubro de 2023 a fevereiro de 2024.Resultados: Evidencia-se um alto percentual de respostas incorretas para cada item por parte dos alunos. A categoria desinfecção foi respondida incorretamente com um percentual de 26%, a categoria processo de desinfecção com 55,6%, a categoria aplicação DAN com 45,8%, a categoria desinfetante com 36,2% e, por último, a categoria risco e prevenção DAN. com 29,2%.Conclusões:O nível de conhecimento dos alunos sobre desinfecção é baixo, porque não estão suficientemente motivados ou interessados no tema da desinfecção[AU]

Conocimiento en estudiantes de enfermería sobre sepsis quirúrgico / Knowledge in nursing students about surgical sepsis

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato sobre sepsis quirúrgica. Material y método: La presente investigación tiene un diseño de desarrollo observacional, de tipo descriptivo, cohorte transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo, ya que el nivel de cono-cimiento se verá representado mediante tablas y gráficos para des-cribir la problemática del periodo octubre 2023 febrero 2024. Re-sultados: Se evidencia un alto porcentaje de respuestas incorrectas por cada ítem por parte de los estudiantes. La categoría Nivel de Conocimiento sobre Definición de Sepsis, fue respondida de ma-nera incorrecta con un porcentaje del 83,9%, la categoría Nivel de Conocimiento sobre Diagnóstico de Sepsis obtuvo 51,7% y, por úl-timo, la Nivel de Conocimiento sobre Tratamiento de Sepsis con el 29,2%. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes sobre Sepsis Quirúrgica es malo, debido a que existe una subesti-mación de la gravedad de la sepsis como afección potencialmente mortal, lo que puede traer un impacto negativo en los pacientes[AU]

Objective: Determine the level of knowledge of nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato about surgical sepsis. Mate-rials and methods: This research has an observational, descriptive, transversal development design, with a quantitative approach since the level of knowledge will be represented through tables and gra-phs to describe the problems of the period October 2023-February 2024. Results: A high percentage of incorrect answers for each item by the students is evident. The category Level of Knowledge about Definition of Sepsis was answered incorrectly with a percentage of 83.9%, the category Level of Knowledge about Diagnosis of Sepsis obtained 51.7% and, finally, the category Level of Knowledge about Treatment of Sepsis. Sepsis with 29.2%. Conclusions: The level of knowledge of students about Surgical Sepsis is poor because there is an underestimation of the severity of sepsis as a potentially fatal condition, which can have a negative impact on patients[AU]

Objetivo: Determinar o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade Técnica de Ambato sobre sepse ci-rúrgica. Material e método: Esta pesquisa possui desenho de coor-te observacional, descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantita-tiva, uma vez que o nível de conhecimento será representado por meio de tabelas e gráficos para descrever o problema no período de outubro de 2023 a fevereiro de 2024. Resultados: Uma parada. É evidente o percentual de respostas incorretas para cada item por parte dos alunos. A categoria Nível de Conhecimento sobre Defi-nição de Sepse foi respondida incorretamente com percentual de 83,9%, a categoria Nível de Conhecimento sobre Diagnóstico de Sepse obteve 51,7% e por fim, a categoria Nível de Conhecimen-to sobre Tratamento de Sepse com 29,2%. Conclusões: O nível de conhecimento dos estudantes sobre a Sepse Cirúrgica é baixo, pois há uma subestimação da gravidade da sepse como uma condição potencialmente fatal, que pode ter um impacto negativo nos pa-cientes[AU]

La importancia del sueño en los adolescentes: impacto de variables sociodemográficas y de factores personales / The Importance of Sleep in Adolescents: Impact of Sociodemographic Variables and Personal Factors

Resumen Objetivo: Ante la escasez de investigaciones que traten de manera conjunta el conocimiento, la calidad y la higiene del sueño en el adolescente, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las diferencias y las relaciones que existen entre estas variables en función de características sociodemográficas y personales. Método: A través de los instrumentos Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (AYA-PSQI-S) y Adolescents Sleep Hygiene Scale Revied (ASHSr), se midieron las características del sueño de 140 estudiantes (M = 16,75; DE = 0,75). Resultados: El 89,3% de los adolescentes presentaban problemas de sueño, subyacentes de la mejorable higiene del sueño por parte del 62,2% y de un escaso conocimiento general del sueño. El sexo femenino y el alumnado en cursos superiores presentaron mayores problemas para conciliar el sueño, somnolencia y una baja gestión cognitiva-emocional (p < 0,05). La higiene del sueño (β = - 0,344), la edad (β = 0,154) y el autoconcepto (β = -0,349) son los factores que predijeron significativamente (p < 0,05) la calidad del sueño del adolescente. Conclusiones: La adquisición de una adecuada higiene del sueño se vuelve fundamental para mejorar la calidad del descanso y la funcionalidad diurna en adolescentes, destacando su importancia, sobre todo, en niveles académicos avanzados y en el caso específico de las mujeres.

Abstract Objective: Given the scarcity of research addressing the intersection of knowledge, sleep quality, and hygiene among adolescents, the primary objective of this study is to analyse the variations and correlations among these variables based on socio-demographic and personal characteristics. Method: The Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), the Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (AYA-PSQI-S), the Adolescents Sleep Hygiene Scale Revied (ASHSr) were used to measure the sleep characteristics of the 140 Spanish students (M = 16,75; SD = 0,75). Results: Sleep problems were found in 89,3% of the adolescents, underlying poor sleep hygiene in 62,2% and poor general sleep knowledge (SBS = 12,04). Females and students in higher grades presented greater problems in falling asleep, sleepiness, and poor cognitive-emotional management (p < 0,05). Sleep hygiene (β = - 0,344), age (β = 0,154), and self-concept (β = -0,349) were the factors that significantly (p < 0,05) predicted adolescent sleep quality. Conclusions: The acquisition of proper sleep hygiene becomes crucial to enhance the quality of rest and daytime functionality in adolescents, emphasizing its significance, especially in advanced academic levels and specifically in the case of females.

Amizade e deficiência: análise das redes de conhecimento / Friendship and disability: An analysis of knowledge networks

Resumo Introdução: A amizade influencia positivamente o desenvolvimento humano. Todavia, pessoas com deficiencia enfrentam dificuldades para construir e manter esse vínculo. Este estudo objetiva explorar e analisar as redes de conhecimento da literatura sobre amizade e deficiencia de 2017 a 2022. Método: Utilizando critérios Prisma, a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science. Os softwares VOSviewer e Pajek foram usados para construir e analisar as redes. Resultados: Foram analisados 68 artigos. Os Estados Unidos lideram em publicaçoes, entretanto o Reino Unido é mais influente na rede. As principais investigaçoes na área sao: transtorno do espectro autista, deficiencia intelectual, inclusao social, habilidades sociais e violencia contra a pessoa com deficiencia. Documentos influentes abordam análise temática em psicologia, amizade de pessoas com transtorno do espectro autista e deficiencia intelectual. Conclusões: Os mapas de conhecimento e análise de redes ajudam a explorar a literatura, o que permite compreender tendencias, estrutura intelectual base e correlações científicas.

Abstract Introduction: Friendship positively influences human development. However, people with disabilities face difficulties in building and maintaining this bond. This study aims to explore and analyze the knowledge networks in the literature on friendship and disabilities from 2017 to 2022. Method: Using PRISMA criteria, the search was conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. VOSviewer and Pajek software were used to construct and analyze the networks. Results: Sixty-eight articles were analyzed. The United States leads in publications, but the United Kingdom is more influential in the network. The main research areas are autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, social inclusion, social skills, and violence against people with disabilities. Influential documents address thematic analysis in psychology, and friendship among individuals with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Conclusions: Knowledge maps and network analysis help explore the literature, allowing an understanding of trends, the foundational intellectual structure, and scientific correlations.

Conocimiento del etiquetado nutricional y rotulado de alimentos envasados en la merienda escolar en adolescentes de una Institución Educativa de Asunción, Paraguay

Introducción: El etiquetado nutricional constituye una herramienta fundamental para la toma de decisiones alimentarias informadas. El objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento sobre etiquetado nutricional y rotulado de alimentos envasados de la merienda escolar en adolescentes de 12 a 15 años de una institución educativa de Asunción durante 2023. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo que incluyó 69 estudiantes (edad media 13±0,73 años). Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado para evaluar conocimientos sobre etiquetado nutricional y rotulado de alimentos. Resultados: El 88,4% identificó correctamente la información calórica, mientras que solo 40,6% reconoció la información sobre fibra. El 81,2% identificó el rotulado de exceso de azúcares. El 66,7% adquiere sus meriendas en la cantina escolar, con predominio de consumo diario de jugos envasados (31,9%) y alimentos sin etiquetado nutricional (37,7%). Conclusión: Los adolescentes demuestran conocimiento del etiquetado nutricional, particularmente sobre calorías y azúcares, aunque este conocimiento no necesariamente influye en sus elecciones alimentarias.

Introduction: Nutrition labeling constitutes a fundamental tool for informed dietary decision making. The objective was to assess the knowledge of nutritional labeling and labeling of packaged foods for school snacks among adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from an educational institution in Asuncion during 2023. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study that included 69 students (mean age 13±0.73 years). A structured questionnaire was applied to assess knowledge of nutritional labeling and food selection patterns. Results: 88.4% correctly identified caloric information, while only 40.6% recognized fiber information. 81.2% identified the labeling of excess sugars. A total of 66.7% acquired their snacks at the school canteen, with a predominance of daily consumption of packaged juices (31.9%) and foods without nutritional labeling (37.7%). Conclusion: Adolescents demonstrate knowledge of nutrition labeling, particularly on calories and sugars, although this knowledge does not necessarily influence their food choices.

Conocimientos en salud bucal asociados a caries dental y su relación con el binomio padre-hijo, en la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia / Knowledge of oral health related to dental caries and its relationship with the father-child dyad in Cartagena, Colombia, 2017 / Conhecimento em saúde bucal associado à cárie dentária e sua relação com o binômio pais-filhos, na cidade de Cartagena, Colômbia

Resumen Introducción: Actualmente, algunos hombres están a cargo de sus hijos bajo la figura de familias monoparentales. Por lo tanto, es importante conocer desde su rol, los factores que podrían influir en el cuidado de la salud bucal (SB) de los niños. Objetivo: Estimar la asociación entre conocimientos de SB con presencia de caries dental (CD) y su relación con el binomio padre-hijo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico transversal realizado en población afrodescendiente (153 binomios en el año 2017). Se evaluó en el padre (cuestionario autoadministrado): variables sociodemográficas, conocimientos y autopercepción de SB, y hábitos del niño; en binomios: presencia y experiencia de CD; además, la estimación de asociaciones y la regresión logística nominal fueron realizadas. Resultados: La prevalencia de CD fue del 60,1 % en niños y del 98 % en padres. En el modelo multivariado hubo asociación entre conocimientos inadecuados de SB, presencia y experiencia de CD, hábitos inadecuados de higiene bucal del niño, cepillado bucal sin supervisión, padres que trabajan, bajos ingresos y religión católica. Conclusión: La prevalencia de caries dental en niños, se asocia a conocimientos inadecuados en salud bucal y bajos ingresos económicos en padres que trabajan; factores que deben ser considerados en programas educativos de salud bucal.

Abstract Introduction: Currently, some men take care of their children in single-parent families. Therefore, it is important for them to know the factors that could affect the oral health (OH) of their children. Objective: To estimate the association between knowledge of OH and presence of dental caries (DC) and its relationship with the father-child dyad. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted on a black population (153 dyads) in 2017. A self-administered questionnaire was applied to father to assess: sociodemographic variables, OH's knowledge and self-perception, and child habits. Fathers and children were surveyed about presence and experience regarding DC. Finally, association estimation and nominal logistic regression were carried out. Results: The prevalence of DC was 60.1% and 98% in children and fathers, respectively. The multivariate model showed an association between OH insufficient knowledge, presence and experience of DC, inadequate oral hygiene habits of the child, unsupervised oral tooth brushing, working fathers, low income, and Catholic religion. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries in children is associated with inadequate knowledge in oral health and low income of working fathers. These factors should be taken into account in oral health educational programs.

Resumo Introdução: Atualmente, alguns homens cuidam dos filhos sob a figura de famílias monoparentais. Portanto, é importante conhecer, a partir da sua atuação, os fatores que podem influenciar os cuidados com a saúde bucal (CS) das crianças. Objetivo: Estimar a associação entre o conhecimento do CS com a presença de cárie dentária (CD) e sua relação com o binômio pais-filhos. Materiais e métodos: Estudo analítico transversal realizado na população afrodescendente (153 pares em 2017). O pai foi avaliado (questionário autoaplicável): Variáveis sociodemográficas, conhecimento e autopercepção do CS e hábitos da criança; nos binômios: presença e experiência de DC; Além disso, foram realizadas estimativas de associações e regressão logística nominal. Resultados: A prevalência de DC foi de 60,1 % nas crianças e 98 % nos pais. No modelo multivariado, houve associação entre conhecimento inadequado sobre CS, presença e experiência de DC, hábitos inadequados de higiene bucal da criança, escovação oral não supervisionada, pais que trabalham, baixa renda e religião católica. Conclusão: A prevalência de cárie dentária em crianças está associada ao conhecimento inadequado em saúde bucal e à baixa renda econômica em pais que trabalham; fatores que devem ser considerados em programas educacionais em saúde bucal.

Prevalence of Developmental Dental Anomalies in Pediatric Patients and an Assessment of Students' Knowledge in Two Mexican Dental Schools: A Cross-Sectional Study / Prevalencia de anomalías del desarrollo dental en pacientes pediátricos y evaluación del conocimiento de estudiantes de dos facultades de odontología mexicanas: un estudio transversal

Abstract Dental anomalies (DAs) in children refer to conditions affecting the structure, number, shape, and size of teeth. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of these anomalies in both primary and permanent dentitions among two Mexican pediatric populations aged 2-14 years. Additionally, the level of knowledge about DAs among students pursuing a degree in dentistry in both universities was determined. A cross-sectional study was conducted on children making their first visit to the Pediatric Dental Clinics of the Universities of Nuevo León and San Luis Potosí in México between March and May 2017. The prevalence of DAs was estimated. In addition, a questionnaire comprising 20 closed items regarding DAs was administered to 100 undergraduate students to evaluate their level of knowledge. Ninety-four children (54 boys and 42 girls; mean age 9.73±2.1 years) were included. Twenty-two patients (23.4%) exhibited at least one DA in their primary or permanent teeth. The most common DAs were in size (macrodontia) and structure (enamel hypoplasia). Agenesis occurred three times, and there were two cases of mesiodens. Regarding gender, 10 patients were girls (45.4%), and 12 were boys (54.6%). The prevalence of DAs in permanent teeth (57.5%) was higher than that in primary teeth (42.5%, p=0.031). Only two patients presented DAs in both primary and permanent teeth. No tooth-shaped anomalies were detected. Regarding the level of knowledge among the university students, the percentage of correct answers was 61.6%. Our findings emphasize the importance of encouraging parents to initiate pediatric dental visits early. Additionally, the study highlights the significance of conducting a thorough evaluation of the patients.

Resumen Las anomalías dentales (ADs) son defectos en la estructura, número, forma y tamaño de los dientes. En el presente estudio se evaluó la prevalencia de estas anomalías, tanto en la dentición primaria como permanente, en dos poblaciones mexicanas de 2 a 14 años de edad. Además, se determinó el nivel de conocimiento sobre ADs entre los estudiantes de la carrera de cirujano dentista, en ambas universidades. Se realizó un estudio transversal en niños que acudieron por primera vez a las Clínicas Odontopediátricas de las Universidades de Nuevo León y San Luis Potosí (México), entre marzo y mayo de 2017. Se estimó la prevalencia de las ADs, y se aplicó un cuestionario de 20 ítems relacionados con éstas a 100 estudiantes de licenciatura para determinar su nivel de conocimiento. Se incluyeron 94 niños (54 niños y 42 niñas; edad media 9.73±2.1 años). Veintidós pacientes (23.4%) presentaban al menos una AD. Las más frecuentes fueron macrodoncia e hipoplasia del esmalte. La agenesia ocurrió en tres ocasiones, y hubo dos casos de mesiodens. En cuanto al sexo, 10 pacientes eran niñas (45,4%) y 12 niños (54,6%). La prevalencia de ADs en dientes permanentes (57.5%) fue superior a la de dientes temporales (42.5%). Sólo dos pacientes presentaron ADs en los dientes temporales. Sólo dos pacientes presentaban ADs en ambas denticiones. No se detectaron anomalías de forma. En cuanto al nivel de conocimientos entre los estudiantes universitarios, el porcentaje de respuestas correctas fue de 61.6%. El 23.4% de los participantes presentaba al menos una AD en los dientes primarios o permanentes, como macrodoncia e hipoplasia del esmalte. Estos resultados demuestran lo crucial que es alentar a los padres a visitar al odontopediatra a una edad temprana y la importancia de realizar una evaluación integral de los pacientes.

Estudio cualitativo sobre información, confianza y acceso a la vacunación contra COVID-19 en adolescentes en un centro de salud de Buenos Aires / Qualitative study on information, trust in and access to COVID-19 vaccines among adolescents at a healthcare center in Buenos Aires

Introducción. En la adolescencia, se comienzan a tomar decisiones autónomas sobre la salud. En la vacunación intervienen dimensiones contextuales, grupales y relativas a cada vacuna. Se busca conocer el proceso de información, confianza y decisión de vacunarse contra COVID-19 en adolescentes usuarios de un centro de salud en Buenos Aires. Objetivos. Identificar ámbitos y canales a través de los cuales los adolescentes accedieron a información sobre la vacuna contra COVID-19 en un centro de salud de Buenos Aires. Describir sus opiniones respecto a los distintos discursos sobre vacunación. Describir su participación en la vacunación contra COVID-19. Identificar barreras y facilitadores respecto del acceso a la vacunación contra COVID-19 en esta población. Población y métodos. Investigación cualitativa. Se hicieron entrevistas semiestructuradas a adolescentes usuarios del efector. La muestra fue heterogénea; su tamaño se definió por saturación teórica. Se realizó un análisis temático de los datos. Resultados. Se realizaron 14 entrevistas. Los entrevistados recibieron información sobre la vacuna contra COVID-19 de sus familias, la televisión y las redes sociales. Todos recibieron tanto publicidad oficial como discursos reticentes a la vacunación. Analizaron la información recibida y formaron opinión autónoma. Su decisión sobre vacunarse no siempre fue respetada. La desconfianza, la baja percepción del riesgo, el temor a las inyecciones, las barreras administrativas y geográficas fueron motivos de no vacunación. Conclusiones. Se requieren estrategias de comunicación destinadas a adolescentes que promuevan su participación en el acceso a la vacunación.

Introduction. During adolescence, individuals start to make autonomous decisions about their health. Vaccination involves contextual, group, and vaccine-specific dimensions. We sought to know the information, trust, and decision to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among adolescents who attended a healthcare center in Buenos Aires. Objectives. To identify settings and channels through which adolescents accessed information about the COVID-19 vaccine at a healthcare center in Buenos Aires. To describe their opinions about the different statements on vaccination. To describe their participation in COVID-19 vaccination. To identify barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination in this population. Population and methods. Qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews with adolescents who attended this healthcare facility. The sample was heterogeneous; the sample size was estimated by theoretical saturation. A thematic analysis of data was done. Results. A total of 14 interviews were conducted. Interviewees obtained information about the COVID-19 vaccine from their families, TV, and social media. All received information from both official campaigns and anti-vaccine communications. They analyzed the information they received and formed their own opinion. Their decision about the vaccine was not always respected. Hesitancy, a low perception of risk, fear of needles, administrative and geographic barriers were reasons for not receiving the vaccine. Conclusions. Communication strategies targeted at adolescents are required that encourage their involvement in access to vaccination.

Fear, anxiety, and knowledge levels of women who underwent gynecologic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the fear, anxiety, and knowledge level in women who underwent gynecological surgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 188 women who underwent a gynecologic surgical operation in Muğla, Turkey. Data were collected by using demographics and obstetric detail form, questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward COVID-19, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-I). RESULTS: Most of the women perceived their surgical process as very urgent. Women felt fear mostly for being infected with the virus, and they were afraid of transmitting COVID-19 to another one. The COVID-19 knowledge scores of women who had undergone cancer surgery were statistically significantly higher than others (p=0.017). The STAI-I scores of women increased as their COVID-19 knowledge scores increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that women were afraid of COVID-19 infection during gynecological operation and due to hospitalization, sociodemographic characteristics affected the knowledge levels about COVID-19 infection, and the anxiety levels of the women. Planning appropriate interventions to decrease the fear and anxiety of women who undergo gynecological surgery during the pandemic is important to ensure that women adhere to their treatment and follow-up in the postoperative period.

Pintamos de urucum, jenipapo e poá: outras cores em diálogo com a ciência e com a saúde / We paint with annatto, genipapo and poá: other colors in dialogue with science and health / Pintamos con achiote, genipapo y poá: otros colores en diálogo con la ciencia y la salud

A trajetória de Diádiney Helena de Almeida na ciência é um caminho formado por muitas vozes, cheiros de ervas e de sons de folhas e galhos estalando no chão, pois o contato com a natureza e os usos de ervas para cura compõem não só a história de vida dela como também seus interesses e suas motivações para a compreensão do mundo. Em entrevista à Reciis, a historiadora fala de suas pesquisas marcadas por leituras a contrapelo de documentos históricos, evidenciando a história vista de baixo, a partir do cotidiano e da perspectiva de sujeitos marginalizados, particularmente, dos curadores populares, rotulados como curandeiros cujas práticas de cura foram historicamente apropriadas pela medicina. A partir desses estudos, a pesquisadora hoje percebe como as concepções de saúde e de doença dos povos indígenas foram rejeitadas, descontextualizadas por um discurso científico guiado pelo extrativismo epistêmico em relação aos povos tradicionais. Diádiney Helena de Almeida é professora da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC).

The trajectory of Diádiney Helena de Almeida in science is a path shaped by many voices, the smells of herbs and the sounds of leaves and branches cracking on the ground. Her connection with nature and the use of herbs for healing not only form a part of her life story but also her interests and motivations for un-derstanding the world. In an interview with Reciis, the historian talks about her research, characterized by reading historical documents against the grain, highlighting history from below, through the daily lives and perspectives of marginalized subjects, particularly popular healers, labeled as curandeiros, whose healing practices were historically appropriated by medicine. Through these studies, the researcher now notes how the health and disease concepts of indigenous peoples were rejected and decontextualized by a scientific discourse driven by epistemic extractivism regarding traditional peoples. Diádiney Helena de Almeida is a professor at Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC)

La trayectoria de Diádiney Helena de Almeida en la ciencia es un camino formado por muchas voces, los olores de hierbas y sonidos de hojas y ramas crujientes en el suelo. El contacto con la naturaleza y el uso de hierbas para la curación no solo forman parte de su historia de vida, sino también de sus intereses y motivaciones para comprender el mundo. Entrevistada por Reciis, la historiadora narra investigaciones marcadas por lecturas a contracorriente de documentos históricos, destacando la historia vista desde abajo, desde el cotidiano y la perspectiva de sujetos marginados, en particular, los curadores populares, rotulados como curandeiros, cuyas prácticas de curación fueron apropiadas históricamente por la medicina. A partir de estos estudios, la investigadora hoy percibe cómo las concepciones de salud y enfermedad de los pueblos indígenas fueron rechazadas y descontextualizadas por un discurso científico guiado por el extractivismo epistémico en relación con los pueblos tradicionales. Diádiney Helena de Almeida es profesora em la Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC).

Conocimientos sobre enfermedades cardiovasculares en un establecimiento de primer nivel de atención en Lima, Perú / Knowledge about cardiovascular diseases in a first-level healthcare center in Lima, Peru

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre enfermedades cardiovasculares en personas en un centro de salud del primer nivel de atención en salud (PNAS). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal mediante una encuesta a personas que asistieron a un establecimiento de salud del PNAS en Lima, Perú. Un puntaje menor a 6 se consideró como conocimiento inadecuado. Se encuestó a 400 personas, 66,3% mujeres, de 46,8 ± 16,2 años. La nota promedio fue de 4,52 +/- 1,85. El 71% de los encuestados tuvo un nivel de conocimiento inadecuado, independientemente de la edad, género o grado de instrucción. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que el nivel de conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo y la enfermedad cardiovascular resultó inadecuado en la población en atención primaria. Es necesario lograr una educación específica en factores de riesgo cardiovascular, para reducir el impacto de estas enfermedades.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge about cardiovascular diseases in people in a primary healthcare center (PHCC). A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out by surveying people who attended a PHCC in Lima, Peru. A score less than 6 was considered inadequate knowledge. A total of 400 people were surveyed, 66.3% were women and the mean age was 46.8 ± 16.2 years. The average score was 4.52 +/- 1.85. We found that 71% of those surveyed had an inadequate level of knowledge, regardless of age, gender or education level. Our findings show that the level of knowledge about risk factors and cardiovascular disease was inadequate in the primary care population. It is necessary to achieve proper specific education in cardiovascular risk factors in order to reduce the impact of these diseases.

Awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer and pap test among nursing staff at a rural tertiary care hospital

Background: Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy and public health problem that can be prevented, but the utilization of screening is just 2.6%-5% in India. Healthcare providers mainly nursing personnel are crucial and play a vital role in raising awareness and educating the public about implementation of low-cost cervical cancer screening approaches in low-resource settings. Objectives were to determine baseline information about knowledge of cervical cancer and explore attitude and practice of pap smear screening among staff nurses. Methods: The questionnaire containing mostly recognition and some recall type questions about demographics, knowledge about cervical cancer, its risk factors, screening techniques, attitudes towards cervical cancer screening and its practices and their knowledge was tested. Results: Analyses of knowledge showed that majority of nurses recognized the risk factors and symptoms associated with carcinoma of cervix. A considerable lack of knowledge was observed on the treatment of cervical cancer but a significant portion of nurses knew about prevention. A positive attitude was observed on all aspects of cervical cancer and its prevention. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a good knowledge and positive attitude about carcinoma of cervix and its prevention amongst the nurses which plays a key role in the campaign to prevent cervical malignancy. Poor practice seen in this study emphasizes the need to translate the awareness to practice. Easier availability of HPV testing and better distribution of HPV vaccine is paramount to successfully prevent cervical cancer in future.

Knowledge, attitude and practice towards sunscreen use among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India: a cross-sectional study

Background: This study was done to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of medical undergraduate students toward the usage of sunscreen as protective measures against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India. A pre-designed and validated questionnaire containing 13 questions was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice. The filled KAP questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 100 medical students participated in our study. The mean age of respondents was 19.9±0.73 years. Half of the study participants (50%) were aware of the association between long term sun exposure and skin cancer. Only 17.5% of students were aware of the correct quantity of sunscreen to be used for effective sun protection.65% of respondents did not apply the sunscreen product 30 minutes prior to sun exposure. Only 40% of students could name at least 1 ingredient in sunscreen. Reapplication rates were 39.1% among respondents. Conclusions: This study indicated that the awareness and level of knowledge of sunscreen use is not adequate among the medical personnel, thus requiring health education programs to emphasize the importance of regular and correct sunscreen use. It is imperative that the medical students are adequately informed regarding sunscreen benefits and skin cancer prevention as they form the future healthcare system.

Conocimiento, actitud y práctica sobre salud oral en niños de 6 a 12 años de una escuela de Capiatá, Paraguay

Introducción: La salud bucal en niños es esencial para su desarrollo, habla, nutrición y autoestima. Además, previene problemas odontológicos graves en la edad adulta y evita costosos tratamientos futuros. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento, actitud y práctica sobre salud oral en niños de 6 a 12 años de una escuela del área metropolitana de Asunción. Resultado: Participaron 202 niños, donde el 51,0% correspondió al sexo masculino, con edad media de 9 ± 4,24 años. El 55% de los niños presentó gingivitis. El 35,6% posee caries en dientes primarios mientras que el 48,9% presenta caries en dientes permanentes. El 98,02% de los participantes respondió correctamente la pregunta sobre alimentos perjudiciales para los dientes. Sobre la práctica de higiene bucal, en la mayoría de los niños la enseñanza de la técnica de cepillado estuvo a cargo de los padres, sin embargo, reportan que estos no siempre los controlan. Conclusión: Los niños tuvieron buen conocimiento, actitud positiva y prácticas adecuadas de higiene bucal, sin embargo, la mitad de ellos presentaba caries en dientes permanentes. Se sugiere que la falta de supervisión diaria por parte de los padres en la técnica de cepillado podría ser un factor contribuyente.

Introduction: Oral health is crucial for children's development, speech, nutrition, and self-esteem. Maintaining good oral health during childhood prevents serious dental issues in adulthood and reduces the need for costly treatments later on. Objective: To assess the knowledge level, attitudes, and practices regarding oral health among children aged 6 to 12 years at a school located in the metropolitan area of Asunción. Results: A total of 202 children participated in the study, of whom 51.0% were male, with a mean age of 9 years (SD = 4.24 years). Approximately 55% of the children had gingivitis. Primary teeth cavities were present in 35.6% of the participants, while 48.9% had cavities in their permanent teeth. Regarding dietary knowledge, 98.02% of the participants correctly identified foods harmful to dental health. Most children learned brushing techniques from their parents; however, consistent parental supervision was reportedly lacking. Conclusion: Despite demonstrating good knowledge and generally adequate oral hygiene practices, nearly half of the children had cavities in their permanent teeth. The data suggest that the lack of regular parental supervision of brushing techniques could be a significant contributing factor to dental caries.

Early Stimulation in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years: A Correlational Study on Knowledge and Practices in Caregivers / Estimulación temprana en niños de 3 a 5 años: un estudio correlacionai sobre conocimientos y prácticas en cuidadores

ABSTRACT Aim: To identify the knowledge and practices of caregivers regarding early stimulation in children aged 3 to 5 years in three neighborhoods of Cartagena (Bolívar). Methodology: Quantitative, correlational study. The reference population was 3,344 children aged 3 to 5 years living in three neighborhoods of the city of Cartagena. An instrument consisting of 3 sections was used for data collection: 1. Sociodemographic aspects, 2. Knowledge of early stimulation, 3. Practices on early stimulation. The forms were typed into a database according to the study variables. The chi-square analysis was 5%, and p values <0.05 were considered significant. Results: A sample size of 359 caregivers and parents of children was estimated, taking three first-level care centers in the city of Cartagena as reference. The caregivers were mothers (61.8%), aged 30 - 39 years (42.6%), living in a free union (42.6%), having technical/technological studies (44.8%), belonging to social-economical level (stratum) 1 (38.4%). Knowledge was regular (82.5%) and practices were good (82.5%). The practices were correlated with the age of the child (p: 0.012), age of the caregiver (p: 0.000) marital status (p: 0.000) (in Health Center 1), gender of the child (p: 0.049) (in Health Center 2), and origin of the child (p: 0.002) (in Health Center 3). Conclusions: Caregivers of children from 3 to 5 years old from 3 neighborhoods of Cartagena have regular knowledge and good practices regarding early stimulation.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los conocimientos y prácticas de los cuidadores sobre estimulación temprana en niños de 3 a 5 años de tres barrios ubicados en Cartagena (Bolívar). Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional. La población de referencia fue 3.344 niños de 3 a 5 años residentes en tres barrios de la ciudad de Cartagena. Para la recolección de información, un instrumento consta de 3 apartados: 1. Aspectos sociodemográficos, 2. Conocimientos sobre estimulación temprana, 3. Prácticas sobre estimulación temprana. Los formularios fueron digitados en una base de datos según las variables del estudio. El análisis de chi-cuadrado fue del 5% y se consideraron significativos valores de p <0,05. Resultados: Se estimó un tamaño de muestra de 359 cuidadores y padres de niños, tomando como referencia tres centros de atención de primer nivel de la ciudad de Cartagena. Los cuidadores fueron madres (61,8%), edades entre 30 y 39 años (42,6%), viven en unión libre (42,6%), tienen estudios técnico-tecnológicos (44,8%), son del estrato 1 (38,4%). Los conocimientos fueron regulares (82,5%) y las prácticas buenas (82,5%). Las prácticas se correlacionaron con la edad del niño (p: 0,012), la edad del cuidador (p: 0,000) y con su estado civil (p: 0,000) (en el Centro de Salud 1), con el sexo del niño ( p: 0,049) (en el Centro de Salud 2), y con el origen del niño (p: 0,002) (en el Centro de Salud 3). Conclusiones: Los cuidadores de niños de 3 a 5 años de 3 barrios de Cartagena tienen conocimientos regulares y buenas prácticas de estimulación temprana.

Efficacy of intervention towards blood donation to increase voluntary blood donation: a systematic review

Although blood is the essence of life, and is one of the most precious donations; blood transfusion services are facing shortage of blood all over the world. A significant percentage of people have false beliefs about blood donation. Increase in the level of knowledge and correction of false beliefs should be the top most priority. Therefore, studying factors contributing to their knowledge, attitude and practice of blood donation is essential. There are studies that investigated the effectiveness of interventions or procedure changes in blood donation settings on outcomes including donor deferral, disclosure of risk factors, and rates of errors and omissions. Researchers also identified several interventions to improve donor compliance that have been tested in blood donation settings and provided evidence for the effectiveness of computerized interviews in improving detection of risk factors. Interventions can utilize the processes of change (POC) measure to guide stage matched interventions to encourage use of relevant experiential and behavioral strategies to increase blood donation. Interventions to recruit and retain blood donors in the general population have been classified into five approaches: motivational, reminders/asking, measurement of cognitions, incentives, and preventing vasovagal reactions. Effective recruitment and retention are two different processes and may require different approaches. For example, retention may be influenced more by interventions that focus on actions during or after donation rather than interventions prior to the blood donation appointment.

Qualitative study of attitude and efficacy of first year students to early clinical exposure in ultrasound and orthopedics

Background: Traditional Indian medical education limits first-year MBBS students to classroom settings, delaying clinical exposure until the second year. Early clinical exposure (ECE) aims to integrate basic sciences with clinical practice, enhancing student understanding and interest through direct patient interaction. Aim was to assess first-year MBBS students' perceptions of ECE. Objectives were to introduce clinical settings to first-year students, and to explore students' experiences and attitudes towards ECE.Methods: The study was conducted at Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Memorial Medical College, Amravati, involving 100 first-year MBBS students. Ethical clearance and permissions were obtained. Students participated in bedside teaching in small groups over four weeks, focusing on clinical conditions and diagnostics. Observations in the radiology department included first-trimester ultrasounds with patient interaction. A qualitative approach using focus group discussions and a post-test questionnaire was employed.Results: Learning and knowledge: 81% found ECE helpful, interest in topic: 75% reported increased interest, motivation: 84% felt motivated to learn more, correlation with clinical features: 60% found it helpful, ward rounds: 89% valued participation, knowledge sharing: 87% appreciated discussion opportunities, and overall utility: 79% recognized ECE's utility. Feedback indicated significant enhancements in learning, interest, and motivation, despite some neutral or negative responses.Conclusions: ECE is a vital teaching tool that improves first-year MBBS students' understanding, motivation, and professional skills. Despite logistical challenges, its overall positive impact on medical education justifies its implementation.

Evaluating the efficacy of Dfrag tablets on human sperm DNA fragmentation - insights from a prospective clinical study

Background: Infertility affects approximately 8-10% of couples worldwide. Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation index (DFI) has emerged as a significant factor in infertility research, highlighting its importance in understanding reproductive health.Methods: This prospective clinical study aimed to assess the impact of Dfrag� tablets, a unique nutraceutical combination containing vitamin D3 (600 IU), selenomethionine (40 mcg), coenzyme Q10 (100 mg), and astaxanthin (8 mg), on high sperm DFI over a 3-month period. The study utilized the sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD) to measure DFI and examined semen parameters before and after the intervention.Results: Dfrag� tablets were found to significantly improve semen volume, total sperm count, sperm concentration, and progressive motility within the 3-month treatment period. The study reported an average reduction of 36% in DNA fragmentation levels post-treatment with Dfrag� tablets. However, no significant changes were observed in total motility or sperm morphology.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of Dfrag� tablets in reducing sperm DNA fragmentation and improving key semen parameters associated with fertility.

A systematic review of knowledge, attitude, practice and health impacts of self-medication among COVID-19 affected people in South Asia

The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication and its health impact among South Asian people. This systematic review was conducted at the Department of Public Health, under the Faculty of Health Sciences of University of Sunderland, United Kingdom (UK) during December 2020 to December 2022.For this study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of self-medication among COVID-19-affected adults aged 18 and older in South Asian nations The design of this review was completed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP)-2019 were used to identify the methodological problems in each individual study report. In this systematic review ten qualifying studies were examined with a total of (n=5137) study subjects. Among the study subjects, 2211 (43.04%) COVID 19 afflicted People had enough knowledge of self- medication followed 2001 (38.95%) COVID19 affected people in South Asia had a favorable attitude toward self-medication, 2906 (56.56%) people had performed self-medication and 206 (4.01%) had adverse impacts on their health. Bangladesh and India had the greatest and lowest rates of self-medication, 88.3% and 17.9%, respectively. In addition, the greatest rate of self-medication was seen among medical students in Pakistan (83%). This study investigated that during the COVID-19 Pandemic, self-medication was very common, with over half of the study population engaging in it. Therefore, it is vital to enhance the public awareness about the adverse effects of self-medication without having proper knowledge.

Assessment of awareness among parents about dietary habits and its relation to oral health in children: a cross sectional study

Background: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases which occurs during early childhood and continues to be major public problem. Establishing healthy dietary habits right from a very young age not only improves the oral health but is essential for a child’s growth and development. Since parents are the main caregivers and prime regulators of child’s dietary intake, they play an important role in shaping child’s oral hygiene habits. Hence it is necessary for them to be aware of the right nutrition, right oral hygiene modalities and frequent dental visits for the betterment of child’s overall health. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents of children visiting to Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry KAHER’s KLE VK Institute of dental sciences, Belagavi. Subjects were selected according to inclusion criteria. This study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted among parents about dietary habits and its relation to oral health in children. Results: This study shows the statistically significant results with effect among parents about awareness of dietary habits and its relation to oral health in children. Conclusions: With the results it can be concluded that children who had parents with low knowledge scores were more likely to experience caries and have poor oral hygiene.