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Learning Objectives: - Explore the clinical presentation and diagnosis of cardiac myxoma. -Find out the potential complications of cardiac myxoma, such as embolic events and heart failure. -Understanding the role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of cardiac myxoma. Background: Cardiac myxoma, an uncommon tumor forming in the heart, tends to occur in the left atrium and is generally non-cancerous in nature. The composition, size, and position of the tumor can lead to a range of varied signs and symptoms. These symptoms can range from barely noticeable to severe and may include heart ailments, pulmonary hypertension, and even strokes. The usual course of treatment involves surgical removal of the tumor to resolve the issue. Case Presentation: This manuscript presents a case report of a 33-year-old male patient who presented with sudden dyspnea and was diagnosed with an extraordinarily large left atrial myxoma causing cardiogenic shock. Despite plans for surgery, the patient's condition rapidly deteriorated and he eventually died due to persistent intracardiac obstruction. The article discusses the rarity of primary tumors in the heart, with myxoma being the most prevalent, and the non-specific symptoms that can manifest in a variety of ways, including cardiac, embolic, and systemic symptoms. The importance of echocardiography in diagnosing cardiac tumors and the potential complications of atrial myxomas, including mitral valve obstruction, congestive heart failure, and sudden death, are also discussed. Conclusion: The presence of a giant left atrial myxoma, although benign, can cause severe symptoms and even be life-threatening. Diagnosis is made through echocardiography, and surgical removal of the tumor is the recommended treatment, which should be performed promptly upon diagnosis.

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Resumen Introducción: Las neoplasias cardíacas son raras, en análisis post mortem se describen entre 0.01 a 0.1%; Sin embargo, las metástasis al corazón no son tan infrecuentes como podría suponerse. Se ha informado afectación secundaria del pericardio, miocardio, grandes vasos o arterias coronarias: 0,7 y 3,5% en autopsias generales y hasta 9,1% en pacientes con neoplasias malignas conocidas. Objetivo: Conocer los hallazgos sociodemográficos, clínicos y terapéuticos de los pacientes con tumores hematolinfoides metastásicos al corazón. Materiales y métodos: Se describen las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes, como resultados clínicos. Se realiza una revisión de la historia clínica completa, laboratorios e imágenes diagnósticas. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las principales bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EMBASE y Scielo en español e inglés. Este artículo está bajo los lineamientos del CARE 2016. Resultados: Se presentan 4 casos clínicos de neoplasia hematolinfoide en el corazón. Los 4 pacientes acudieron al hospital por disnea progresiva. La histopatología informó un linfoma linfoblástico precursor de células B, un angiosarcoma pleomórfico de alto grado (histiocitoma fibroso maligno de alto grado), un linfoma no Hodgkin y un angiosarcoma de alto grado. Todos los casos requirieron cirugía por complicaciones cardiovasculares como taponamiento cardíaco o efecto de masa en las estructuras involucradas y quimioterapia y todos los pacientes tuvieron un buen resultado clínico. Conclusiones: Los tumores hematolinfoides del corazón son raros. Sin embargo, es necesario considerar diagnósticos diferenciales para un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno ya que pueden ocasionar complicaciones que pueden poner en riesgo la vida del paciente.

Abstract Introduction: Cardiac neoplasms are rare, in a postmortem analysis they are described between 0.01 to 0.1%; However, metastases to the heart are not as uncommon as one might assume. Secondary involvement of the pericardium, myocardium, great vessels, or coronary arteries has been reported: 0.7 and 3.5% in general autopsies and up to 9.1% in patients with known malignancies. Objective: To know the sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic findings of patients with hematolymphoid tumors metastatic to the heart. Materials and methods: The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients are described, and clinical outcomes. A review of the complete medical records, laboratories, and diagnostic images is performed. A review of the literature was carried out in the main databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scielo in Spanish and English. This article is under the guidelines of the 2016 CARE. Results: 4 clinical cases of hematolymphoid neoplasia in the heart are presented. All 4 patients attended the hospital due to progressive dyspnea. Histopathology reported a B-cell precursor lymphoblastic lymphoma, high-grade pleomorphic angiosarcoma - high-grade malignant fibrous histiocytoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and a high-grade angiosarcoma. All cases required surgery for cardiovascular complications such as cardiac tamponade or mass effect in the involved structures and chemotherapy and all patients had a good clinical outcome. Conclusions: Hematolymphoid tumors of the heart are rare. However, it is necessary to consider differential diagnoses for timely diagnosis and treatment since they can cause complications that can threaten the patient’s life.

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Odontogenic myxoma is a benign locally aggressive rare intraosseous neoplasm, originating from the odontogenic ectomesenchyme in second and third decades of life. Clinically they are slow growing, indolent, expansile, non-metastasizing involving predominantly mandible than maxilla. Maxillary odontogenic tumor spreads more aggressively through maxilla than mandible hence the need to address the tumor early and also the reconstruction of the maxillary defect following defect is uniquely challenging. This is a report of a rare case of left maxillary odontogenic myxoma which was locally aggressive and causing significant maxillary erosion in a 35 year old female, left subtotal maxillectomy done using Weber-Fergusson approach with Dieffenbach抯 modification and the defect repaired with temporalis muscle flap.

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Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is a slow-growing, painless, aggressive and non-metastatic central jaw tumor of mesenchymal origin. Radiographically, it can vary from a unilocular radiolucent lesion to a multilocular lesion with well-defined or diffuse margins. The aim of this paper is to recognize the radiographic and tomographic characteristics of OM in a patient who attended the Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in Lima-Peru. Case presentation: 86 year old male patient, who in the panoramic radiography indicated for his oral rehabilitation, a unilocular radiolucent image was found in the anterosuperior area with partially defined limits, corticalized edges and oval shape. In the volumetric tomography there was evidence of thinning and erosion of both bone tables, thinning of the floor of the nasal cavity. The radiolucent image seems to havean extension close to the alveolar ridge.In adition, there was an effacement of the cortices of the nasopalatine duct. The lesion was enucleated and an anatomopathological examination was performed. Diagnosis was odontogenic myxoma. The patient was evaluated at one year and six months with satisfactory results. The wide variety of radiographic characteristics of odontogenic myxoma leads us to think of a large number of differential diagnoses, being the histological evaluation together with the imaging analysis the ones that provide a definitive diagnosis. Although the anterosuperior area is the least common for its presentation, radiolucent images in this area should be considered as possible odontogenic myxomas, since this condition is more frequent in latín race.

El mixoma odontogénico (MO) es un tumor mandibular central de origen mesenquimal, de crecimiento lento, indoloro, agresivo y no metastásico. Radiográficamente, puede variar desde una lesión unilocular radiolúcida a una lesión multilocular con márgenes bien definidos o difusos. El objetivo de este trabajo es reconocer las características radiográficas y tomográficas del MO en un paciente que acudió a la Clínica Odontológica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en Lima-Perú. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 86 años, en la radiografía panorámica indicada para rehabilitación oral, se encontró una imagen radiolúcida unilocular en la zona anterosuperior con límites parcialmente definidos, bordes corticalizados y forma ovalada. En la tomografía volumétrica se evidenció adelgazamiento y erosión de ambas tablas óseas, adelgazamiento del piso de la cavidad nasal, la imagen radiolúcida parece tener una extensión cercana a la cresta alveolar. Además, había un adelzamiento de las corticales del conducto nasopalatino. La lesión fue enucleada y se realizó un examen anatomopatológico. El diagnóstico fue mixoma odontogénico. La paciente fue evaluada al año y a los seis meses con resultados satisfactorios. La gran variedad de características radiográficas del mixoma odontogénico nos lleva a pensar en un gran número de diagnósticos diferenciales, siendo la evaluación histológica junto con el análisis de imagen los que proporcionan un diagnóstico definitivo. Aunque el área anterosuperior es la menos común para su presentación, las imágenes radiolúcidas en esta área deben ser consideradas como posibles mixomas odontogénicos, ya que esta condición es más frecuente en la raza latina.

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Resumo Neoplasias cardíacas são raras, tendo como principal representante o mixoma atrial (MA), que corresponde a cerca de metade de todos os casos. O MA tem incidência estimada entre 0.001% e 0.3% na população em geral, no entanto apenas aproximadamente 0,06% desses cursam com eventos embólicos coronarianos. Homem de 33 anos, tabagista, admitido com quadro de precordialgia intensa e irradiação para membro superior esquerdo com duração de uma hora. O eletrocardiograma evidenciou elevação de segmento ST nas derivações D2, D3 e aVF troponina sérica elevada, confirmando infarto com supra desnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST). Foi realizada cineangiocoronariografia, a qual revelou oclusão em terço proximal de artéria coronária direita por trombo. Realizada tentativa de aspiração do trombo, sem sucesso, seguido por angioplastia primária com balão sem colocação de stent. Durante a investigação do quadro, paciente realizou ecocardiograma transtorácico o qual demonstrou massa homogênea de superfície regular, de 5.2 cm x 2.3 cm, aderida ao septo interatrial, com lobulações de características emboligênicas prolapsando para valva mitral e ventrículo esquerdo na diástole, compatível com MA. Foi realizada ressecção cirúrgica com paciente evoluindo assintomático, recebendo alta para seguimento ambulatorial. O caso relatado difere em idade e sexo do perfil epidemiológico típico sendo um dos poucos descritos com acometimento da parede inferior apresentando a artéria coronária direita como culpada. Este relato ratifica a importância do diagnóstico diferencial frente às apresentações de IAMCSST em jovens.

Abstract Cardiac tumors are rare entities, among which atrial myxoma (AM) stands as the most frequent, accounting for approximately half of all reported cases. The incidence of AM is estimated to range from 0.001% to 0.3% within the general population, yet only about 0.06% of these cases present with coronary embolic events. We report on a 33-year-old male smoker who experienced acute, severe precordial pain radiating to the left upper limb, lasting for one hour. The electrocardiographic evaluation demonstrated ST-segment elevation in leads D2, D3, and aVF, alongside significantly elevated serum troponin levels, confirming a diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Subsequent coronary angiography revealed proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery due to thrombus. An initial attempt of thrombus aspiration was unsuccessful, followed by primary angioplasty with balloon inflation without stent placement. Further diagnostic exploration through transthoracic echocardiography identified a homogenous, smooth-surfaced mass measuring 5.2 cm x 2.3 cm attached to the interatrial septum. This mass, characterized by lobulations, prolapsed into the mitral valve and left ventricle during diastole, consistent with AM. Surgical resection of the mass was successfully performed, with the patient being discharged asymptomatic. In the reported case, the patient's profile, notably his age, and gender, diverges from the typical epidemiological characteristics associated with AM. This case adds to the limited number of reports where the inferior wall is affected by the right coronary artery being occluded. This report emphasizes the significance of differential diagnoses in younger patients presenting with STEMI.

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Introducción: Los tumores cardíacos primarios son raros. Los benignos son más frecuentes que los malignos y el mixoma es el subtipo histológico más común en el adulto. La necropsia antes de 1970 constituía el método diagnóstico fundamental de estas lesiones, en la actualidad a pesar de que su índice de realización ha disminuido notablemente, constituye un arma valiosa para correlacionar los eventos clínicos y patológicos. Objetivo: Describir un caso de tumor cardíaco primario como hallazgo en un estudio necrópsico. Presentación de caso: Se presentó el caso de una paciente femenina de 68 años de edad que acude por malestar general, astenia y disnea a los pequeños esfuerzos que evoluciona a ortopnea, con rápido empeoramiento hemodinámico, mala mecánica ventilatoria, por lo que se requiere ventilación artificial que evoluciona tórpidamente y fallece. En el estudio necrópsico se diagnosticó masa intracardiaca relacionada con tumor primario tipo mixoma en atrio izquierdo. Conclusiones: Para lograr un diagnóstico precoz de los tumores cardíacos se requiere primeramente tenerlo presente dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales y apoyarse en el método clínico y en estudios de imagen, principalmente la ecocardiografía que resulta ser de gran valor diagnóstico. Los mixomas son los tumores cardíacos más frecuentes en el adulto y aunque su comportamiento es benigno pueden provocar alta letalidad dependiendo de su localización, tamaño y morfología(AU)

Introduction: Primary cardiac tumors are rare. Benign ones are more common than malignant ones and myxoma is the most common histological subtype in adults. Before 1970, necropsy was the fundamental diagnostic method for these injuries. Today, although the rate of performance has significantly decreased, it constitutes a valuable weapon to correlate clinical and pathological events. Objective: To describe a case of primary cardiac tumor as a finding in an autopsy study. Case report: The case of a 68-year-old female patient was reported. She presented with general malaise, asthenia and dyspnea on light exertion that progressed to orthopnea, with rapid hemodynamic worsening, poor ventilatory mechanics, so artificial ventilation was required; the evolution was torpid and she died. In the autopsy study, an intracardiac mass was diagnosed related to a primary myxoma-type tumor in the left atrium. Conclusions: To achieve an early diagnosis of cardiac tumors, it is first necessary to keep it in mind within the differential diagnoses and rely on the clinical method and imaging studies, mainly echocardiography, which turns out to be of great diagnostic value. Myxomas are the most common cardiac tumors in adults and although their behavior is benign, they can be high lethal depending on their location, size and morphology(AU)

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Primary cardiac myxomas are rare tumors. Concurrent valvular lesion is a common finding on evaluation which is thought to be due to annular dilatation secondary to tumor movement across the valve, functional obstruction across the valve, and severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to chronic obstruction. A common belief among surgeons is that excision of myxoma leads to abatement of symptoms, and further valve intervention may not be warranted. Methods: A 10-year retrospective descriptive study was designed to analyze patients who underwent excision of cardiac myxoma at our center. Data was analyzed regarding presenting features, echocardiographic findings of myxoma and valve morphology, intraoperative assessment, and postoperative outcome with/without valve repair/replacement in all patients. Results: A total of 22 patients underwent surgery for myxoma. Six patients underwent successful mitral valve repair with ring annuloplasty, two had moderate mitral regurgitation, three had severe mitral regurgitation, and one patient had no mitral regurgitation on preoperative assessment, but moderate mitral regurgitation was found intraoperatively. Four of these patients had no residual mitral regurgitation in follow-up period while two had mild residual mitral regurgitation. One patient had severe mitral stenosis of concurrent rheumatic etiology and successfully underwent mitral valve replacement. Conclusion: Cardiac myxomas are rare benign tumors commonly associated with mitral valve insufficiency. Mitral valve should be assessed intraoperatively after excision of mass as preoperative assessment might often be insufficient. Concomitant mitral valve intervention might be needed with a case-specific tailored approach, and mitral valve repair with ring annuloplasty offers best surgical outcome in such cases.

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Resumen: La presentación de los tumores cardíacos es poco frecuente, y son los mixomas cardiacos (cm) los más comunes; se calcula que son el 70 % de todos los tumores benignos primarlos cardiacos y, de estos, más del 75 % de los mixomas se origina en la aurícula izquierda. Mujer de 40 años de edad, con síncope referido por testigo, con posterior bradipsiquia e hipoactividad, pérdida de peso de 13 kg. Al ingreso refirió paresias en manos y pies del hemicuerpo izquierdo, disartria leve, disminución de la mímica facial izquierda. Resonancia de cerebro mostraba múltiples focos de comportamiento isquémico, considerando enfermedad tromboembólica. El ecocardiograma denotaba masa con imágenes móviles sugestivas de tumor tipo mixoma en primera opción, con alta probabilidad de embolia tumoral. Ante estos hallazgos, se decidió solicitar remisión a cirugía cardiovascular, por masa intracardiaca con muy alto riesgo embólico, donde se confirmó mediante estudio histopatológico que la masa correspondía a un mixoma auricular. La presencia de masas intracardiacas es rara, con una baja prevalencia general. La prevalencia de mixomas es de un 58,14% [IC 95% = 51,95; 64,09%], concluyendo al mixoma como más común. La tríada clínica que puede generar se compone de cuadros sincópales, tromboembolismos y síntomas constitucionales. La imagenología son los estudios de primera línea en la identificación.

Abstract: The presentation of cardiac tumors is rare, and cardiac myxomas (CM) are the most common; it is estimated that they account for 70% of all primary benign cardiac tumors, and of these, more than 75% of myxomas originate in the left atrium. A 40-year-old woman presented with syncope reported by a witness, followed by bradyphrenia and hypoactivity, and a weight loss of 13 kg. On admission, she reported paresis In the hands and feet of the left half of the body, mild dysarthria, and decreased left facial mimicry. Brain MRI showed multiple foci of ischemic behavior, considering thromboembolic disease. Echocardiography revealed a mass with mobile images suggestive of myxoma as the primary option, with a high probability of tumor embolism. Given these findings, referral to cardiovascular surgery was requested due to an intracardiac mass with a very high embolic risk, where histopathological study confirmed that the mass corresponded to an atrial myxoma. The presence of intracardiac masses is rare, with a low overall prevalence. The prevalence of myxomas is 58.14% [95% CI = 51.95; 54.09%], concluding myxoma as the most common. The clinical triad it may generate consists of syncopal episodes, thromboembolisms, and constitutional symptoms. Imaging studies are the first-line approach for identification.

Resumo: A apresentação de tumores cardíacos é rara, sendo os mixomas cardíacos (CM) os mais comuns; estima-se que representem 70% de todos os tumores cardíacos benignos primários, sendo que mais de 75% dos mixomas se originam na aurícula esquerda. Uma mulher de 40 anos, com síncope testemunhada, seguida por bradipsiquia e hipoatividade, perda de peso de 13 kg. No momento da admissão, ela apresentava paresia nas mãos e nos pés do hemicorpo esquerdo, leve disartria e diminuição da mímica facial esquerda. A ressonância magnética cerebral mostrava múltiplos focos de isquemia, sugerindo doença tromboembólica. O ecocardiograma revelou uma massa com imagens móveis sugestivas de um mixoma como primeira opção diagnóstica, com alta probabilidade de embolia tumoral. Diante desses achados, optou-se pelo encaminhamento para cirurgia cardiovascular devido à massa intracardíaca com risco embólico muito alto, onde o estudo histopatológico confirmou tratar-se de um mixoma atrial. A presença de massas intracardíacas é rara, com baixa prevalência geral. A prevalência de mixomas é de 58,14% [IC 95% = 51,95; 64,09%], destacando o mixoma como o mais comum. Atríade clínica associada inclui quadros sincopais, tromboembolismos e sintomas constitucionais. A imagem é fundamental para o diagnóstico.

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La enfermedad cerebrovascular constituye una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial. Múltiples factores desencadenan los accidentes vasculares encefálicos isquémicos, entre ellas los tumores cardiacos, como el mixoma auricular. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 32 años, que al examen físico mostró afasia motora, hemiplejia fascio-braquio-crural derecha y discreta paresia de la mirada vertical con nistagmos. Se realizaron estudios de imagen (tomografía de cráneo, ecocardiograma transtorácico y angiotomografía de vasos de cuello) sugerentes de embolización sistémica en el territorio de la carótida izquierda, secundarios a la fragmentación de un tumor cardiaco. Se decide derivar a la paciente a cirugía cardiovascular para endarectomía carotídea con exéresis del tumor cardiaco, el cual evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Persistió el daño neurológico debido al tiempo transcurrido entre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. Teniendo en cuenta la baja frecuencia del mixoma cardiaco y la posibilidad de asociarse con ictus isquémico se decide presentar este caso.

Cerebrovascular disease is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Multiple factors trigger ischemic strokes, including cardiac tumors such as atrial myxoma. A 32-years-old female patient, who on physical examination showed motor aphasia, right fascio-brachio-crural hemiplegia and discrete vertical gaze paresis with nystagmus is presented. Imaging studies were performed (skull tomography, transthoracic echocardiogram and angiotomography of neck vessels) suggestive of systemic embolization in the left carotid territory, secondary to the fragmentation of a cardiac tumor. It was decided to refer the patient to cardiovascular surgery for carotid endarectomy with excision of the cardiac tumor, which progressed satisfactorily. Neurological damage persisted due to the time elapsed between diagnosis and treatment. Taking into account the low frequency of cardiac myxoma and the possibility of being associated with ischemic stroke, it was decided to present this case.

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El mixoma cardiaco constituye uno de los tumores benignos más frecuentes entre los tumores cardiacos. El mismo se caracteriza por la obstrucción del flujo sanguíneo por trombosis o émbolo, resultando en causa de insuficiencia cardiaca con disfunción ventricular, síncope ortostático, isquemia de diferentes órganos de acuerdo a la arteria afectada, e incluso muerte súbita. Presentamos 2 casos en pacientes pediátricos: el primer caso, una adolescente con ACV isquémico y el segundo caso se trata de un adolescente con isquemia a nivel de miembros inferiores por una tromboembolia en la Aorta distal. En ambos casos se realizó la exéresis del tumor, con éxito.

Cardiac myxoma is one of the most frequent benign tumors among cardiac tumors. It is characterized by the obstruction of blood flow due to thrombosis or embolus, resulting in heart failure with ventricular dysfunction, orthostatic syncope, ischemia of different organs depending on the affected artery, and even sudden death. We present 2 cases in pediatric patients: the first case, an adolescent with ischemic stroke and the second case is an adolescent with ischemia in the lower limbs due to a thromboembolism in the distal aorta. In both cases, the exeresis of the tumor was performed successfully.

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Angiomyxoma is a rare tumor that typically occurs in the perineum in women of reproductive age. It is very rare to present in the subcutaneous plane at thigh region in a young female. Angiomyxoma belongs to one group of myxomas tumors. They occur at various locations such as heart, bones, skin subcutaneous and aponeurotic tissues, urogenital tract and skeletal muscles. These tumors are characterized by having abundant mucoid and myxoid extracellular matrix. Angio myxoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor in approximately in 95% cases. The incidence is reported as varying from 0.1 to 0.13 per 100,000 population. These tumors are encompassing a broad spectrum of clinical behavior ranging from benign to malignant. Most of these tumors located in intramuscular plane and in our case the tumor located in the subcutaneous plane and presented in a young lady. We have done wide local excision for that tumor and came out as cutaneous angiomyxoma of thigh. We are concluding that due to these tumors having broad spectrum of clinical behavior as well as high rate of recurrence, preoperatively thoroughly investigated to rule out the soft tissue sarcomatous conditions as well as to plan exact mode of treatment.

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Myxomas of head and neck and especially parotid gland are rare. These insidious soft tissue tumours have obscured pathogenesis, can occur at any age, mostly located in the cheek, palate or floor of mouth. They often present with non- specific symptoms like painless slow growing localised swelling in the cheek or around the jaw. Complete excision remains the mainstay of treatment with rare recurrence, no distant metastases and excellent prognosis. Here we reported a case of right sided parotid gland myxoma in a 37 years old man. There were no specific clinical, laboratory or radiological features. Fine needle aspiration cytology was reported as adenoid cystic carcinoma of right parotid gland. Histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of myxoma. Immunohistochemistry can be helpful, but not necessary to come to a diagnosis.

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Introduction: Benign intracardiac tumours are the most common of the 5% of primary tumours and account for 90% of intracardiac tumours. Myxoma, which is the main benign tumour, rarely localizes to the mitral valve, in the order of 1-5%, associated with severe symptoms and enormous complications. The objective is to report a rare and severe case of mitral valve myxoma resulting in severe obstruction of the valve orifice. Presentation of Case: A 65-year-old Moroccan woman, without profession, the diabetic patient presented with progressive dyspnoea, in whom transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) completed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a cerebro-throracoabdominopelvic Positron emission tomography-scan (PET-scan) showed a cauliflower-shaped mass embedded in the small mitral valve, evoking the diagnosis of myxoma, confirmed by the anatomopathological examination. A lumpectomy with mitral valve plasty was performed in association with coronary artery bypass surgery for a tri truncal lesion. The evolution was marked by an improvement in the clinical and echographic state. Discussion: Myxoma is the first benign tumour encountered in women between the 3rd and 6th decade, whose diagnosis is evoked by a TTE, better by a TEE or more, by a computed tomography (CT scan) or even a cardiac MRI which specifies the visualization of the soft parts with all the internal details of the myxoma, whose confirmation is carried out on the histopathological analysis of the operating room. Conclusion: The management was based on complete resection of the tumor associated with mitral valve plasty.

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Myxomas are benign and locally invasive neoplasms of primitive mesenchymal origin. They are most commonly found in the atria of the heart. They have also been reported in bones, muscles, and other connective tissues. Myxomas are rarely found in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Myxomas are notorious for their recurrence after excision and local invasion. We report a case of intranasal myxoma in a 30-year-old male who presented with blocked ear sensation and progressive nasal block. With this report, we intend to increase awareness about the clinical presentation, histologic characteristics, and management options of myxoma

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Introducción: Los tumores cardíacos primarios se caracterizan por su baja prevalencia, son principalmente mixomas y se presentan frecuentemente de forma asintomática. Objetivos: Identificar el tipo histológico más común, edad de presentación, tipo de cirugías y sobrevida de un grupo de pacientes tratados por Tumores Cardíacos Primarios (TCP) en el Hospital Regional de Temuco. Métodos: Revisión de fichas clínicas de 14 pacientes portadores de TCP entre marzo 2015 y diciembre 2021. Resultados: El tipo histológico más común fue el mixoma (85,7%), seguido por el fibroelastomas papilar (14,3%). La edad promedio fue 62 años (39-85), 9 fueron mujeres y 5 hombres. Los antecedentes mórbidos más comunes fueron: Insuficiencia Cardíaca Congestiva (ICC), Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) y Accidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). La localización anatómica más común fue la Aurícula izquierda (92%). El tratamiento en el 92% de los casos fue resección aislada y en el 7% restante resección y reparación con parche. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados son concordantes con la literatura.

Background: primary cardiac tumors are characterized by a low prevalence. Most of them are myxomas and asymptomatic. Aim: To describe the most common histological type, the age of presentation, type of surgery performed and survival of a group of patients operated on for Primary Cardiac Tumors (PCT) in the Hospital Regional de Temuco (Chile). Methods: Review of clinical records of 14 patients with PCT operated on between March 2015 and December 2021. Results: By far the most common histological type was a myxoma (85.7%), followed by a papillary fibroelastoma (14.3%). Mean age was 62 years (39-85), 9 were women and 5 men. The most common associated medical conditions were Congestive Heart Failure (CHF), Arterial Hypertension and Stroke The usual anatomical location was the left atrium (92%). Surgical treatment was isolated resection in 92% of cases and along with a patch repair in the remaining patient. Conclusion: good results were obtained, similar to those described in the literature.

ABSTRACT

Abstract A 33-year-old woman with a history of high blood pressure since she was 8 years old, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic syndrome, multiple nevi, and a maternal family history of death at age 50 due to malignant high blood pressure and heart failure. Cushing's syndrome secondary to a secretory pituitary microadenoma was diagnosed, being the cause of secondary arterial hypertension, and ruling out other causes such as renal stenosis and coarctation of the aorta. A transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiogram was performed, which detected a left atrial myxoma. Given the presence of an atrial myxoma, Cushing's syndro me and polycystic ovary syndrome, a diagnosis of Carney Complex was made due to the presence of positive Stratakis criteria. The cardiac tumor was resected, and pathology confirmed that it was an atrial myxoma. She evolved clinically stable in outpatient controls in a 6-month follow-up. Resection of the pituitary microadenoma is planned as a curative treatment for Cushing's syndrome and arterial hypertension.

Resumen Mujer de 33 años, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial desde los 8 años, hipotiroidismo, síndrome de ovario poliquístico, síndrome metabólico, nevos múltiples y antecedente familiar materno de muerte a los 50 años por hipertensión arterial maligna e insuficiencia cardiaca. Se diagnosticó síndrome de Cushing secundario a un mi croadenoma hipofisario secretor, siendo la causa de la hipertensión arterial secundaria, y descartándose otras causas como estenosis renal y coartación de aorta. Se realizó u n ecocardiograma transtorácico y transesofágico que detectaron un mixoma auricular izquierdo. Ante la presencia de un mixoma auricular, síndrome de Cushing y síndrome de ovario poliquístico se llegó al diagnóstico de Complejo de Carney por la presencia de criterios de Stratakis positivos. Se realizó la resección del tumor cardiaco, y la anatomía patológica confirmó que se trataba de un mixoma auricular. Evolucionó clínicamente estable en controles ambulatorios en un seguimiento de 6 meses, y se planifica la resección del microadenoma hipofisario como tratamiento curativo del síndrome de Cushing y la hipertensión arterial.

ABSTRACT

Odontogenic myxoma is a maxillofacial tumor that is benign in nature. It is characterized by a slow-growing, painless, and site-aggressive behavior. A main feature is that it is not encapsulated so it has high potential of invasiveness and penetration into peripheral tissues. Large lesions may cause extensive compromise of the region. Treatment strategy for Odontogenic Myxoma is still controversial. Radical resection with an appropriate surgical margin is recommended, but emerging evidence has suggested that a more conservative approach will result in less morbidity and adequate results. This report shows a remarkable result on a 16-year-old patient who had a Mandibular Odontogenic Myxoma treated with a conservative approach. Intra-lesional absolute alcohol irrigation was performed during a 5-month period. Considerable volume reduction of the lesion happened which allowed a minimal overall resection. No recurrence was found after a 3 year follow-up.

ABSTRACT

Background:Myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors that develop mostly at the atrial chambers of the heart and represent 0,25% of all cardiac diseases. Methods: This is a retrospective study aiming to analyze epidemiological and intraoperative data from cardiac myxoma cases in the hospital of the last 32 years. The study population was 145 cardiac surgical patients and was divided into 4 certain 8?year periods. 87,6% of cases had the myxoma located at left atrium and 97,2% of all patients fully recovered. 4,1% of patients relapsed and underwent a redo operation. Results: Mean CPB time and mean ICU length of stay increased during the 8?year periods (p < 0,001, P < 0,001, P = 0,002 and P = 0,003 respectively). In-hospital length of stay decreased to 5 days in the most recent period (p < 0,001). Cases significantly increased to 54 in the last 8?year period (p = 0,009). Conclusion: Improvement on cardiac imaging and a better accessibility may drive patients to earlier and safer diagnosis of myxomas preventing any deterioration of their condition. Improvement on postoperative care can also reduce in-hospital length of stay. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice and guaranteed survival at 97,2% of patients.

ABSTRACT

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare clinical entity. A case of AAM was reported in this paper. The patient presented with severe hydronephrosis of the left kidney and was diagnosed with a pelvic mass compressing the ureter. The patient underwent laparoscopic resection of the pelvic mass. The postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of AAM. The patient had no recurrence and metastasis after 9 months of follow-up.

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el mixoma odontogénico es una neoplasia benigna, poco frecuente, de origen mesenquimal proveniente del órgano dentario, es localmente invasivo y no hace metástasis. Su localización más frecuente es a nivel de la mandíbula y poco frecuente en el maxilar. Objetivo: describir las características que presenta un mixoma odontogénico de larga data en el maxilar. Presentación del caso: paciente de sexo masculino de 23 años de edad, soltero, de profesión comerciante, acude a la Catedra de Patología Bucal de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción por presentar una deformidad en la región facial del lado derecho, presente desde la infancia con crecimiento lento sin sintomatología dolorosa. Se realizó una biopsia incisional, tomando una muestra de más de 1 cm de la capsula tumoral para su estudio histopatológico; a partir de la cual se informa sobre un tumor odontogénico mesenquimal compatible con el mixoma odontogénico. Se realizó el tratamiento de una maxilectomía con márgenes de seguridad y el estudio anatomopatológico de todo el tumor extirpado confirmó el diagnóstico de Mixofibroma odontogénico de 2,5 cm de diámetro máximo. Conclusión: un diagnóstico precoz de tumores como los mixomas, que son de crecimiento lento e infiltrante, podría garantizar terapéuticas menos agresivas e invasivas como las del caso presentado, otorgando así mejor pronóstico como calidad de vida a los pacientes.

Introduction: Odontogenic myxoma is a rare benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin originating from the dental organ, it is locally invasive and does not metastasize. Its most frequent location is at the level of the mandible and infrequently in the maxilla. Objective: To describe the characteristics of a long-standing odontogenic myxoma in the maxilla. Presentation of the case: Male patient, 23 years of age, single, businessman, came to the Department of Oral Pathology of the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of Asuncion for presenting a deformity in the facial region on the right side, present since childhood with slow growth and no painful symptomatology. An incisional biopsy was performed, taking a sample of more than 1cm of the tumor capsule, for histopathological study; reporting a mesenchymal odontogenic tumor compatible with odontogenic myxoma. A maxillectomy treatment with safety margins performed and the anatomopathological study of the entire excised tumor confirmed the diagnosis of odontogenic myxofibroma with a maximum diameter of 2.5 cm. Conclusion: An early diagnosis of tumors such as myxomas, which are slow-growing and infiltrative, could guarantee less aggressive and invasive therapies such as those in the case presented, thus providing patients with a better prognosis and quality of life.