Manejo anestésico durante la cirugía para pseudoaneurisma ventricular izquierdo / Anesthetic management during surgery for left ventricular pseudoaneurysm

Resumen: Se informa la conducta anestésica de un caso de pseudoaneurisma ventricular izquierdo crónico secundario a complicación de infarto de miocardio transmural, complicación rara y casi siempre mortal. En este informe se describe el caso de una mujer de 60 años con insuficiencia cardíaca aguda a consecuencia de un infarto cardíaco ocurrido cinco meses atrás, que generó la complicación de la cual damos referencia. El manejo anestésico perioperatorio se logró al enfocarse en mantener una presión arterial estable para garantizar la perfusión cerebral y reducir el riesgo de ruptura completa del aneurisma hacia el espacio mediastinal.

Abstract: The anesthetic behavior of a case of chronic left ventricular pseudoaneurysm secondary to a complication of transmural myocardial infarction, a rare and almost always fatal complication, is reported. This report describes the case of a 60-year-old woman with acute heart failure, this is a consequence of a heart attack that occurred 5 months ago, which generated the complication of which we refer. Perioperative anesthetic management was achieved by focusing on maintaining a stable blood pressure to ensure cerebral perfusion and reduce the risk of complete rupture of the aneurysm into the mediastinal space.

Pseudoaneurisma recidivante a nivel de fístula arteriovenosa en brazo izquierdo / Recurrent pseudoaneurysm at the level of arteriovenous fistula in the left arm

RESUMEN El pseudoaneurisma es un daño de la pared arterial, contenido por el hematoma circundante y estructuras vecinas, con flujo sanguíneo turbulento, que mantiene comunicación con la luz del vaso afecto. El presente estudio describe un paciente masculino de 57 años, que ingresa con diagnóstico de pseudoaneurisma de fístula arteriovenosa humero cefálica izquierda. Se realiza exéresis del falso aneurisma y creación de nueva fístula con prótesis vascular. El paciente reingresa al quinto mes con masa gigante pulsátil en sitio quirúrgico. Se realiza exploración, exéresis del pseudoaneurisma recidivante y nueva fístula humero-basílica izquierda con vena safena. Evoluciona favorablemente, realizándose diálisis dos años posteriores a la última cirugía sin complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Pseudoaneurysm is damage to the arterial wall, contained by the surrounding hematoma and neighboring structures, with turbulent blood flow, which maintains communication with the lumen of the affected vessel. The present study describes a 57-year-old male patient who was admitted with a diagnosis of left cephalic humeral arteriovenous fistula pseudoaneurysm. The false aneurysm wasexcised, and a new fistula was created with a vascular prosthesis. The patient was readmitted in the fifth month with a giant pulsatile mass at the surgical site. Surgical exploration was performed, excision of the recurrent pseudoaneurysm and a new left humerus-basilic fistula with saphenous vein. He is progressing favorably, performing dialysis two years after the last surgery without complications.

Cross clamping of the supraceliac aorta is effective for bleeding control in ruptured giant splenic artery pseudoaneurysm when proximal and distal control of the splenic artery is not possible: a case report / O clampeamento da aorta supracelíaca é eficaz no controle de sangramento em pseudoaneurisma gigante roto de artéria esplênica quando o controle proximal e distal da artéria esplênica não é possível - relato de caso

Abstract Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm is the most common of all the visceral artery pseudoaneurysms. Presentation is often variable and the condition demands immediate diagnosis and management because pseudoaneurysm rupture increases morbidity and mortality. It is associated with pancreatitis and other conditions like abdominal trauma, chronic pancreatitis, pseudocyst of the pancreas, liver transplantation, and, rarely, peptic ulcer disease. We present a case of a giant splenic artery pseudoaneurysm measuring 14x8 cm. Proximal and distal control of the vessels could not be achieved during the procedure because of local adhesions and inflammation and it was necessary to cross clamp the supraceliac aorta to control bleeding.

Resumo O pseudoaneurisma de artéria esplênica é o mais comum entre os pseudoaneurismas de artérias viscerais. A apresentação geralmente varia e requer diagnóstico e tratamento imediatos, pois a ruptura do pseudoaneurisma aumenta a morbimortalidade. Esse tipo de pseudoaneurisma está associado à pancreatite e a outras condições, como trauma abdominal, pancreatite crônica, pseudocisto de pâncreas, transplante de fígado e, raramente, úlcera péptica. Apresentamos um caso de pseudoaneurisma gigante de artéria esplênica, com tamanho de 14x8 cm. Durante o procedimento, não foi possível alcançar controle proximal e distal dos vasos devido a aderências locais e inflamação, sendo necessário o clampeamento da aorta supracelíaca para controle do sangramento.

Pseudoaneurisma e fístula arteriovenosa da artéria femoral profunda após rotura completa do músculo vasto medial: tratamento endovascular / Pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula of the deep femoral artery after complete rupture of the vastus medialis muscle: endovascular treatment

Resumo A artéria femoral profunda, devido às suas características anatômicas, se encontra protegida da maioria dos traumatismos vasculares. Relatamos um caso de pseudoaneurisma de ramo perfurante da artéria femoral profunda, associado à fístula arteriovenosa, secundário a rotura completa do músculo vasto medial em paciente jogador de futebol. A ressonância magnética demonstrou lesão muscular associada a pseudoaneurisma, e a angiotomografia confirmou a presença de pseudoaneurisma associado a fístula arteriovenosa de ramo da artéria femoral profunda. Foi realizado tratamento endovascular da fístula através da embolização com micromolas fibradas e drenagem cirúrgica do hematoma muscular. O paciente evoluiu bem, sem queixas clínicas no 30º dia de pós-operatório e também após 1 ano.

Abstract Due to its anatomical characteristics, the deep femoral artery is protected from most vascular injuries. We report a case of a soccer player with pseudoaneurysm of a perforating branch of the deep femoral artery, associated with an arteriovenous fistula and secondary to complete rupture of the vastus medialis muscle. Magnetic resonance imaging showed muscle damage associated with a pseudoaneurysm and angiotomography confirmed the presence of a pseudoaneurysm associated with a deep arteriovenous fistula of a branch of the deep femoral artery. Endovascular treatment of the fistula was performed by embolization with fibrous microcoils and surgical drainage of the muscle hematoma. The patient recovered well, was free from clinical complaints on the 30th postoperative day and also after 1 year.

A Case of Redo Ascending Aortic Replacement for Anastomotic Pseudoaneurysm through Right Thoracotomy in a Patient with Severe Coagulation Disorder / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 51-year-old man presented to our hospital with general fatigue and lower extremity edema due to right heart failure with severe coagulation disorder. He had undergone ascending aortic and total arch replacement for type A acute aortic dissection when he was 49 years old and had diagnosed with anastomotic pseudoaneurysm in the ascending aorta by computed tomography 1 year after the operation. Preoperative computed tomography showed an enlargement of the pseudoaneurysm. Since re-median sternotomy seemed to be high risk strategy for bleeding due to severe coagulation disorder, we decided to perform ascending aortic replacement through right thoracotomy. We opened the pseudoaneurysm and found an aorto-right atrium fistula. Redo ascending aortic replacement with direct closure of the fistula was successfully performed. The postoperative course was uneventful.

Pseudoaneurisma de la arteria femoral derecha posterior a cateterismo cardíaco

RESUMEN El pseudoaneurisma se puede definir como un hematoma pulsátil repermeabilizado y encapsulado, en comunicación con la luz de un vaso dañado. Los pseudoaneurismas de las extremidades son los más frecuentes; entre ellos se destacan los iatrogénicos de la arteria femoral. Su incidencia es del 2 %-8 % cuando se realizan angioplastia/stent coronarios y del 0,2 %-0,5 % cuando únicamente se hace angiografía diagnóstica. Se presenta un paciente con diagnóstico de pseudoaneurisma femoral derecho posterior a un cateterismo cardíaco, con el objetivo de demostrar la importancia del diagnóstico temprano de las pseudaeurismas para el tratamiento quirúrgico oportuno y evitar complicaciones posteriores. Al mes del procedimiento, el paciente comenzó con aumento de volumen en la región inguinal derecha y a la auscultación se apreció un soplo a ese nivel. Se le realizó exérisis del pseudoaneurisma y reparación quirúrgica de la arteria femoral. En las consultas de evaluación posoperatoria se mostró una evolución clínica y radiológica satisfactoria. El diagnóstico rápido de estas entidades vasculares evita que se presenten complicaciones posteriores y aseguran una evolución rápida y satisfactoria de los pacientes que la padecen.

ABSTRACT Pseudoaneurysm can be defined as a repermeabilized and encapsulated pulsatile hematoma, in communication with the light of a damaged vessel. Pseudoaneurysms of the limbs are the most frequent; among them are the iatrogenic of the femoral artery. Its incidence is 2%-8% when coronary angioplasty/stent is performed and 0.2%-0.5% when only diagnostic angiography is performed. A patient with a diagnosis of right femoral pseudoaneurysm after cardiac catheterization is presented, with the aim of demonstrating the importance of early diagnosis of pseudoaneurysms for timely surgical treatment and avoiding subsequent complications. A month after the procedure, the patient began with an increase in volume in the right inguinal region and auscultation showed a murmur at that level. Pseudoaneurysm exeresis and surgical repair of the femoral artery were performed. In the postoperative evaluation consultations, a satisfactory clinical and radiological evolution was shown. The rapid diagnosis of these vascular entities prevents subsequent complications from occurring and ensures a rapid and satisfactory evolution of patients who suffer from it.

Pseudoaneurisma humeral secundario a punción arterial inadvertida / Brachial artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to inadvertent arterial puncture

RESUMEN Los pseudoaneurismas de la arteria humeral son infrecuentes, pero pueden asociarse a complicaciones de alta morbilidad como la isquemia de miembro superior. Comunicamos un caso de pseudoaneurisma humeral en el pliegue del codo, que se presentó como tumor pulsátil con leve disminución de la temperatura y parestesias en la mano homolateral de un año de evolución, debido a una punción arterial inadvertida durante la venopunción para extracción de sangre. Se trató con éxito mediante resección quirúrgica más reconstrucción vascular con bypass húmero-cubital y bypass húmero-radial ambos con vena safena. Se discuten las diversas opciones terapéuticas disponibles para los pseudoaneurismas humerales considerando las características anatómicas y la sintomatología del paciente.

ABSTRACT Brachial artery pseudoaneurysms are rare but can be associated with severe complications as ischemia of the upper extremity. We report a case of a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm in the crease of the elbow presenting as a pulsating mass with progressive growth over the past year. The ipsilateral hand was sightly cold and presented paresthesia. The lesion was due to inadvertent arterial puncture during venipuncture. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated with surgical resection and vascular reconstruction with a brachial to ulnar artery bypass and brachial to radial artery bypass with saphenous vein graft. The different therapeutic options available for brachial artery pseudoaneurysms are discussed, considering the anatomic characteristics and patients' symptoms.

Aneurisma tuberculoso de aorta abdominal / Tuberculous Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Resumen El aneurisma micótico surge de la destrucción infecciosa de la pared arterial y se diagnostica cuando hay un aneurisma en el contexto de inflamación y hemocultivos o biopsia positivos, aunque esto no es un requisito excluyente. Los agentes etiológicos de mayor frecuencia son bacterias (Staphylococcus, Salmonella)2 pero también se han notificado hongos (Aspergillus niger). La tuberculosis puede afectar cualquier órgano de la economía, el compromiso arterial es una complicación rara y potencialmente mortal, puede ocurrir por extensión directa de un foco adyacente o por diseminación hematógena o linfangítica de lesiones primarias. El compromiso en los grandes vasos puede presentarse de diversas formas, incluyendo pólipos, aortoarteritis estenosante y formación de aneurismas o pseudoaneurismas, siendo esta última la más común. Presentamos el diagnóstico de aneurisma de aorta abdominal infrarrenal con trombo intramural y pseudoaneurisma de aorta renal izquierda como hallazgo incidental en una paciente con tuberculosis ganglionar.

Abstract The mycotic aneurysm arises from the infectious destruction of the arterial wall and is diagnosed when there is an aneurysm within the context of inflammation and positive blood cultures or biopsies, though this is not an essential requirement. The most common etiologic agents are bacteria (Staphylococcus, Salmonella)2, but fungi have also been reported (Aspergillus niger). Tuberculosis may affect any organ of the body; arterial compromise is a rare and potentially mortal complication that may occur by direct extension of an adjacent infected site or by bloodstream or lymphangitic dissemination of primary lesions. The great vessels may be compromised in different ways, including polyps, stenotic aortoarteritis and formation of aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms, being the latter the most common one. We present the diagnosis of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with intramural thrombus and left renal aortic pseudoaneurysm as incidental finding in a patient with nodal tuberculosis.

Reparación endovascular de las lesiones traumáticas de la arteria subclavia

Resumen Introducción: La reparación convencional de la arteria subclavia es desafiante, con una morbilidad del 24% y mortalidad del 5% al 25%; las técnicas endovasculares permiten la reparación arterial subclavia desde un acceso distal, reduciendo la elevada morbimortalidad asociada. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados a largo plazo del tratamiento endovascular de las lesiones traumáticas de la arteria subclavia. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo, observacional (revisión de serie de casos unicéntrica) de pacientes sometidos a la reparación endovascular de la arteria subclavia, debido a lesiones traumáticas, utilizando dos técnicas (stent balón expandible y oclusión endovascular con balón) durante un período de 12 años (2007-2019) en el Hospital Dr. Eduardo Pereira de Valparaíso, Chile. Resultados: Se realizaron 15 procedimientos consecutivos, electivos (86,67%), urgencias (13,33%), sexo masculino (66,67%), femenino (33,33%), edad promedio de 55,8 años (rango 26-69), abordaje utilizado: arteria femoral común (93,33%) y arteria braquial (6,67%), etiología de las lesiones: iatrogenia (66,67%) y trauma (33,33%), reparación mediante stent balón expandible (66,67%), oclusión endovascular con balón (33,33%), tasa de éxito técnico (100%), tasa de permeabilidad primaria a 1, 5, 10 años del 100%, 93,33% y 86,66% respectivamente, seguimiento medio (61,4 meses), estancia hospitalaria promedio (3,3 días), tiempo quirúrgico promedio (75 min), no hubo morbilidad cardiovascular, neurológica central o mortalidad relacionada al procedimiento. Discusión: La técnica endovascular elimina la necesidad de disección quirúrgica, disminuyendo el riesgo de lesión de estructuras adyacentes, especialmente en pacientes politraumatizados. Conclusión: En pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados, la técnica endovascular representa una excelente estrategia terapéutica de reparación de las lesiones subclavias.

Introduction: Conventional subclavian artery repair is challenging, with 24% morbidity and 5% to 25% mortality. Endovascular techniques allow subclavian repair from a distal artery, reducing the associated high morbidity and mortality. Aim: To evaluate the long-term results of endovascular treatment of traumatic lesions of the subclavian artery. Materials and Method: Descriptive, observational study (single-center case series review) of patients undergoing endovascular repair of the subclavian artery due to traumatic injuries, using two techniques (expandable balloon stent and endovascular balloon occlusion), during a period of 12 years (2007-2019), at the Dr. Eduardo Pereira Hospital in Valparaíso, Chile. Results: 15 consecutive procedures were performed, elective (86.67%), emergencies (13.33%), male sex (66.67%), female (33.33%), average age of 55.8 years (range 26-69), approach used: common femoral artery (93.33%) and brachial artery (6.67%), etiology of the lesions: iatrogenesis (66.67%) and trauma (33.33%), repair by expandable balloon stent (66.67%), balloon occlusion (33.33%), technical success rate (100%), primary patency rate at 1, 5, 10 years of 100%, 93.33% and 86.66% respectively, mean follow-up (61.4 months), average hospital stay (3.3 days), average surgical time (75 min), there was no cardiovascular, central neurological morbidity or mortality related to the procedure. Discussion: Endovascular techniques eliminate the need for surgical dissection, reducing the risk of injury to adjacent structures, especially in multiple trauma patients. Conclusion: In properly selected patients, the endovascular technique represents an excellent therapeutic strategy for the repair of subclavian artery lesions.

Seudoaneurisma de arteria peronea distal / Distal peroneal artery pseudoaneurysm

Resumen: Introducción: Los aneurismas y seudoaneurismas de las arterias del pie y tobillo son entidades clínicas poco frecuentes. En la mayoría de los casos ocurren a los meses o años del trauma inicial, las complicaciones en las situaciones antes mencionadas son muy infrecuentes; sin embargo, deben descartarse en los controles médicos. Presentaremos un caso clínico en el cual se produjo seudoaneurisma de la arteria peronea distal como consecuencia de una luxofractura de tobillo. Caso clínico: Paciente de 60 años de edad con trauma en tobillo derecho, su estudio radiográfico de tobillo derecho evidenció luxofractura del mismo. Se decide tratamiento quirúrgico cuatro días después de la lesión. En el postoperatorio padeció edema, ambos circulatorios de forma anormal que ameritó complemento imagenológico y se realizó arteriografía, la cual indica presencia de seudoaneurisma de 28 × 30 mm aproximadamente en arteria peronea distal ameritando tratamiento específico con adecuado control de síntomas. Conclusión: Creemos que es de suma importancia la correcta valoración y examen físico de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de tobillo en los controles postquirúrgicos sucesivos para detectar de manera precoz este tipo de complicaciones y tratarlos a tiempo.

Abstract: Introduction: Aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of the arteries of the foot and ankle are rare clinical entities. In most cases occur within months or years of the initial trauma, complications in the aforementioned situations are very uncommon, however, they should be ruled out at medical check-ups. We will present a clinical case in which pseudoaneurysm of the Distal Peroneal Artery occurred as a result of a fracture- dislocation of the ankle. Clinical case: Patient of 60 years of age with trauma in right ankle, his radiographic study of the right ankle evidencing fracture- dislocation of the same. Surgical treatment is decided four days after the injury. In the postoperative course with edema, circulatory changes of abnormal form that merited imaging complement and arteriography was performed which indicates the presence of pseudoaneurysm of approximately 28 × 30 mm in distal peroneal artery meriting specific treatment with adequate control of symptoms. Conclusion: We believe that it is of the utmost importance the correct assessment and physical examination of patients undergoing ankle surgery in successive post-surgical controls to detect these types of complications early and treat them in time.

Pseudoaneurisma para-anastomótico gigante tras revascularización por baipás aorto-bifemoral: Informe de un caso / Giant para-anastomotic pseudoaneurysm after revascularization though aorto-bifemoral bypass grafting: Case report

RESUMEN El pseudoaneurisma es aquel hematoma pulsátil y encapsulado producido tras la rotura de todas las túnicas del vaso y contenido por tejidos vecinos circundantes. Es considerado una complicación tardía en la cirugía protésica aorto-ilíaca. Se presenta un paciente de 72 años al que se le realizó un baipás aorto-bifemoral 13 años atrás, y que posteriormente se le diagnosticó un pseudoaneurisma para-anastomótico que se dejó evolucionar por presentar varias comorbilidades asociadas. Transcurridos 2 años fue necesario realizarle una intervención quirúrgica por presentar crecimiento excesivo de la tumefacción y complicación isquémica con necrosis cutánea. La aparición de un pseudoaneurisma está relacionada con el sexo, el material protésico y con el tiempo que transcurre desde la cirugía. El seguimiento ultrasonográfico durante el postoperatorio es primordial para identificar tempranamente esta complicación.

ABSTRACT Pseudoaneurysm is that pulsatile and encapsulated hematoma produced after the rupture of all vessel layers and contained by surrounding neighboring tissues. It is considered a late complication in aorto-iliac prosthetic surgery. We present a 72-year-old patient who underwent an aorto-bifemoral bypass grafting 13 years ago, and who was subsequently diagnosed with a para-anastomotic pseudoaneurysm that was allowed to evolve due to presenting several associated comorbidities. After two years, it was necessary to perform a surgical intervention due to the excessive growth of the swelling, and ischemic complication with skin necrosis. The appearance of a pseudoaneurysm is related to sex, prosthetic material as well as the time that elapses since the surgery. Ultrasound follow-up during the postoperative period is essential for an early identification of this complication.

Pseudoaneurisma de la arteria femoral profunda secundario a trauma penetrante. Reporte de caso

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo del trabajo es presentar una opción terapéutica adecuada para los pseudoaneurismas de la femoral profunda secundarios a trauma penetrante, así como realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre el manejo en estas patologías. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 21 años quien 5 meses previos a su valoración sufre una herida por arma punzocortante en el muslo izquierdo, desarrollando aumento de volumen el sitio de la lesión, dolor y limitación al movimiento. Se diagnostica un pseudoaneurisma de la arteria femoral profunda de 2,3 cm x 2,1 cm x 2,7 cm y un hematoma adyacente de 13,5 cm x 12,6 cm x 23 cm. Se realiza exclusión del pseudoaneurisma mediante cirugía endovascular con coils, posteriormente se evacúa el hematoma adyacente. Resultados: El paciente egresa al tercer día posoperatorio con mejoría de la sintomatología, antibioticoterapia y analgesia. Discusión y Conclusión: En el caso presentado la exclusión del pseudoaneurisma mediante coils facilitó el control de éste y la evacuación del hematoma adyacente, disminuyendo el riesgo de sangrado. Por lo que consideramos adecuada esta conducta terapéutica en pseudoaneurismas de la femoral profunda.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to present a case of a deep femoral artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to a penetrating trauma in the left thigh, its management and a literature review. Clinical Case: 21-year-old male referred to the emergency department of our institution 5 months after he was injured with a knife on his left thigh, with severe local swelling, local pain, and difficulty to the mobilization of the left leg. A 2.3 cm x 2.1 cm x 2.7 cm deep femoral artery pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed with a 13.5 cm x 12.6 cm x 23 cm adjacent hematoma. Endovascular exclusion was made with coils and evacuation of the hematoma with open surgery. Results: The patient was discharged on the third day postop without pain and walking with antibiotics and follow-up to a month did not reveal any complications. Discusion and Conclusion: Exclusion with coils is an adequate management in deep femoral pseudoaneurysms that facilitates the evacuation of the hematoma lowering the risk of bleeding.

Pseudoaneurisma roto de artéria ileocólica: relato de caso / Ruptured ileocolic artery pseudoaneurysm: case report

Resumo Os aneurismas de artérias viscerais (AAVs) e pseudoaneurismas de artérias viscerais (PAAVs) são condições raras e potencialmente letais quando rotos. Em geral, são encontrados incidentalmente na tomografia computadorizada de pacientes assintomáticos. Embora a cirurgia aberta convencional seja considerada atualmente o tratamento padrão ouro, a abordagem endovascular vem ganhando relevo por ser considerada um procedimento minimamente invasivo e com riscos cirúrgicos menores. Destaca-se, nessa abordagem, o uso de embolização por molas (coils) em AAVs e PAAVs saculares e implante de stent modulador de fluxo como alternativa de tratamento para aneurismas fusiformes. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de 51 anos com queixa de dor abdominal aguda, taquicardia e hipotensão, com evidência de sangramento abdominal em angiotomografia e diagnóstico de pseudoaneurisma de artéria ileocólica (AIC) roto. Ela foi submetida a tratamento endovascular precoce de embolização da AIC com sucesso, e houve melhora do quadro clínico.

Abstract Visceral artery aneurysms (VAAs) and visceral artery pseudoaneurysms (VAPAs) are rare conditions and are potentially lethal when they rupture. They are usually found as incidental findings on computed tomography (CT) scans of asymptomatic patients. Although conventional open surgery is currently considered the gold standard treatment, the endovascular approach has gained prominence as a minimally invasive procedure with lower surgical risk. In this approach, use of coil embolization in saccular VAAs and VAPAs and implantation of flow-modulating stents constitute alternative treatments for fusiform aneurysms. We present the case of a 51-year-old female patient complaining of acute abdominal pain, tachycardia, and hypotension, with evidence of abdominal bleeding on CT angiography, who was diagnosed with a ruptured ileocolic artery (ICA) pseudoaneurysm. She underwent early endovascular treatment for ICA embolization, which was successful and achieved clinical improvement.

Persistent mycotic superficial femoral artery pseudoaneurysm after endovascular treatment: a case report / Pseudoaneurisma micótico persistente da artéria femoral superficial após tratamento endovascular: relato de caso

Abstract Mycotic pseudoaneurysms of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) are rare and are usually secondary to colonization of an atherosclerotic plaque during an episode of bacteremia. We describe the case of a 68 year-old diabetic male who presented to the Emergency Department with pyrexia and a painful expanding mass in the left thigh. He had a history of diarrhea and had been treated 16 days earlier for an SFA pseudoaneurysm that had been excluded with a covered stent with no adjunctive antibiotic therapy. Angio CT showed an abscess surrounding femoral vessels and stent thrombosis. Under general anesthesia, we performed extensive debridement, removal of the endovascular material, SFA ligation, and empirical antibiotic therapy. Blood and tissue cultures were positive for Escherichia coli. At the 3-months follow up visit, the patient reported he had no claudication. In selected patients, mycotic pseudoaneurysms can be treated by SFA ligation.

Resumo Pseudoaneurismas micóticos da artéria femoral superficial (AFS) são raros, e geralmente são secundários à colonização de uma placa aterosclerótica durante bacteremia. Relatamos o caso de um paciente masculino diabético de 68 anos que chegou ao Serviço de Emergência com pirexia e massa expansiva dolorosa na coxa esquerda. Apresentava histórico de diarreia e havia sido tratado 16 dias antes para pseudoaneurisma da AFS, que foi excluído com stent coberto e sem antibioticoterapia adjuvante. A angiotomografia computadorizada demonstrou um abscesso ao redor dos vasos femorais e trombose do stent. Sob anestesia geral, realizamos desbridamento extenso, remoção do material endovascular, ligadura de AFS e antibioticoterapia empírica. Culturas de sangue e tecidos foram positivas para Escherichia coli. Na consulta de seguimento aos 3 meses, o paciente negou claudicação. Em pacientes selecionados, pseudoaneurismas micóticos podem ser tratados com ligadura de AFS.

Infected femoral pseudoaneurysms in intravenous drug abusers: a decade of experience from a Singapore tertiary centre

INTRODUCTION@#A pseudoaneurysm (or false aneurysm) is a haematoma that communicates with an artery through a disruption in the arterial wall. The femoral artery is the most common injection site among drug users, and infected femoral pseudoaneurysms are the most common vascular complications.@*METHODS@#A retrospective review of medical records of intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) who presented with infected femoral pseudoaneurysms from January 2006 to December 2016 was carried out. Patients who had pseudoaneurysms due to other aetiologies or trauma were excluded.@*RESULTS@#A total of 27 patients with infected femoral pseudoaneurysms were identified. The majority were male (92.6%) and of Malay ethnicity (55.6%). Median age was 50 (range 31-62) years. Commonly abused drugs were buprenorphine (or Subutex; 59.3%) and midazolam (or Dormicum; 51.9%). Groin pain and swelling (100.0%), fever (66.7%) and presence of a pulsatile mass (51.9%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Diagnosis was confirmed via computed tomography angiography in all patients. 25 patients underwent upfront arterial ligation with debridement, among whom three patients required concurrent surgical revascularisation. Only two patients underwent ultrasonography-guided thrombin injection - one eventually required surgery and the other was lost to follow-up. Postoperative complications included wound infection (42.3%), bleeding (11.5%) and necrotising fasciitis eventually resulting in limb loss (3.8%). There were no associated mortalities.@*CONCLUSION@#Infected pseudoaneurysms in IVDAs pose a unique challenge to vascular surgeons. We found that simple ligation and debridement was a safe and effective option for such patients.

Iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm surgically repaired with combined bovine pericardial roll and autologous great saphenous vein grafts / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm caused by invasive procedures is one of the common complications for endovascular interventions. We present a case of a young male with a complex iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm as a result of iatrogenic femoral artery puncture. The defective femoral artery was repaired with combined bovine pericardial tube and autologous great saphenous vein grafts. Computed tomography angiography showed the grafts were still patent one year after the surgery.

Traumatic pseudoaneurysms of external carotid artery branch: Case series and treatment considerations / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#To explore the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic external carotid branch pseudoaneurysms.@*METHODS@#Eleven cases of traumatic external carotid artery branch pseudoaneurysms were admitted in our hospital. Digital subtraction angiography was performed in all patients. It revealed that the pseudoaneurysms originated from the internal maxillary artery in 5 cases, superficial temporal artery in 5 cases and occipital artery in 1 case. Five cases of internal maxillary artery pseudoaneurysms and 2 cases of superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysms were treated by embolization; the other 3 cases were surgically resected.@*RESULTS@#Complete cessation of nasal bleeding was achieved in all the 5 pseudoaneurysms of internal maxillary artery after the endovascular therapies. Scalp bleeding stopped and scalp defect healed up in 2 patients with superficial temporal artery pseudoaneurysms treated by interventional therapy. All patients were followed up for 0.5-2.0 years without recurrence of nosebleed and scalp lump.@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with repeated severe epistaxis after craniocerebral injury, digital subtraction angiography should be performed as soon as possible to confirm traumatic pseudoaneurysm. Endovascular therapy is an effective method for traumatic internal maxillary artery pseudoaneurysms. For patients with scalp injuries and pulsatile lumps, further examinations including digital subtraction angiography should be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Surgical treatment or endovascular therapy for scalp traumatic pseudoaneurysm is effective.

Neurofibromatosis tipo 1: seudoaneurisma de arteria temporal / Neurofibromatosis type 1: temporal artery pseudoaneurysm

Neurofibromatosis is a disease caused by a mutation on chromosome 17, and was described by Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen in 1882. It is characterized by the appearance of benign tumors in different organs that can occasionally turn malignant. Four types of neurofibromatosis are described; being type 1 the most frequent, produced by mutations in NF1 gene inhibiting neurofibromin, and in a small percentage of cases by 17q11 microdeletion. In 50% of cases, it is autosomal dominant and the penetrance is 100%. Its prevalence is 1/3000 births and affects both sexes equally. The diagnosis is done by the presence of characteristic signs and can be corroborated through genetic studies. It usually manifests in childhood and involves skin issues, formation of multiple neurofibromas, gliomas of the optic pathway, hamartomas of the iris, bone malformations, arterial hypertension, vascular alterations, intracranial and peripheral nerve sheath tumors, seizures, hydrocephalus, cognitive deficits and learning difficulties. Vascular disease is a rare complication that is usually asymptomatic and can affect the vessels that go from the proximal aorta to small arterioles, including arterial stenosis, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. The prognosis is usually good, with neoplasms and vascular diseases being the cause of early mortality. We present the case of a patient with a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 who presents a rupture of a pseudoaneurysm dependent on the left temporal artery with a fistula with drainage to the superficial facial vein that resulved favorably by endovascular treatment.

La neurofibromatosis es una enfermedad producida por una mutación en el cromosoma 17; fue descrita por Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen en 1882. Se caracteriza por la aparición de tumores benignos en distintos órganos que, ocasionalmente, pueden malignizarse. Se describen cuatro tipos de neurofibromatosis; la más frecuente es la de tipo 1, que se produce por mutaciones en el gen NF1, inhibiendo la neurofibromina, y en un pequeño porcentaje de casos por microdeleción 17q11. En el 50% de los casos es autosómica dominante y la penetrancia es del 100%. Su prevalencia es de 1/3000 nacidos vivos y afecta por igual a ambos sexos. El diagnóstico se efectúa por la presencia de signos característicos y puede corroborarse por medio de estudios genéticos. Suele manifestarse en la infancia y comprometer la piel, con formación de múltiples neurofibromas, gliomas de la vía óptica, hamartomas del iris, malformaciones óseas, hipertensión arterial, alteraciones vasculares, tumores intracraneales y de las vainas de nervios periféricos, convulsiones, hidrocefalia, déficit cognitivo y dificultades del aprendizaje. La enfermedad vascular es una complicación rara que suele ser asintomática, puede afectar los vasos que van desde la aorta proximal hasta las arteriolas pequeñas, incluyendo estenosis arteriales, aneurismas y malformaciones arteriovenosas. El pronóstico suele ser bueno; las causas de mortalidad temprana son las neoplasias y las vasculopatías. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de neurofibromatosis tipo 1 que presentó ruptura de seudoaneurisma dependiente de la arteria temporal izquierda, con fístula con drenaje a la vena facial superficial, que se resolvió favorablemente mediante tratamiento endovascular

Pseudoaneurisma traumático de rama muscular de arteria femoral superficial en un paciente pediátrico / Traumatic muscular branch of femoral artery false aneurysm in a pediatric patient

El pseudoaneurisma arterial es la dilatación de un vaso, producto de la lesión de la pared. Es generado, principalmente, por traumatismos y, en menor medida, por patologías inflamatorias del endotelio. Se presenta como un hematoma pulsátil y doloroso. Su diagnóstico suele realizarse debido a que, ante una ecografía Doppler, se observa una imagen hipoecoica adyacente a un vaso con flujo en su interior. Su baja prevalencia, asociada a su presentación clínica variable, puede generar confusión con infecciones de piel y partes blandas o trombosis. El manejo puede ser desde la compresión extrínseca hasta la cirugía abierta, y no existen algoritmos terapéuticos en la actualidad. Se describeel caso de un paciente de 13 años con un pseudoaneurisma en una rama muscular de la arteria femoral superficial, secundario a un traumatismo cortante en el que se realizó exitosamente el abordaje endovascular con colocación de microcoils para la exclusión del saco pseudoaneurismático.

Pseudoaneurysm or 'false aneurysm' is defined as an abnormal arterial dilatation produced by an injury to its wall that does not affect the three parietal layers like in 'true' aneurysms. In general, false aneurysms are related to traumatisms and, less frequently, to inflammatory disease of vascular endothelium. Clinically, it shows a pulsatile, painful hematoma in the affected region. The initial diagnosis is usually achieved by Doppler ultrasound showing a hypoechoic image in relation to a blood vessel or its wall. Due to the low prevalence of false aneurysm, it is commonly confused with skin and soft tissue's infections or with thrombosis. There are different options of treatment, from extrinsic compression to open surgery. We describe the case of a 13-year-old patient with traumatic false aneurysm of a muscular branch of femoral artery, successfully managed with endovascular exclusion of the lesion with microcoil

Rotura de seudoaneurisma de la arteria uterina posterior a cesárea / Rupture of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after cesarean section / Rupture of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after cesarean section

RESUMEN La hemorragia posparto es una causa importante de mortalidad materna. La rotura del pseudoaneurisma de la arteria uterina es una lesión vascular con prevalencia desconocida que produce hemorragia posparto secundaria sin causa evidente. Puede ser potencialmente mortal, si no es diagnosticada y tratada adecuadamente. La etiología incluye traumatismo vascular durante la cesárea, parto vaginal, legrado o histerotomía. Su presentación clínica tiene variedad de síntomas que a menudo se asocian con otras patologías ginecológicas / obstétricas más frecuentes, con y sin sangrado vaginal, y puede abarcar desde ausencia de síntomas hasta hemorragia posparto severa con choque hipovolémico. Para evitar la hemorragia mortal, se debe hacer un diagnóstico rápido y preciso que muestre la naturaleza vascular de esta lesión. El diagnóstico está basado en estudios de imágenes no invasivos. En casos seleccionados adecuadamente, la embolización angiográfica es un método seguro y eficaz para controlar la hemorragia en pacientes hemodinámicamente estables y debe ser una opción antes de recurrir a la cirugía. Se describe un caso de rotura de pseudoaneurisma de arteria uterina posterior a cesárea.

ABSTRACT Postpartum hemorrhage is an important cause of maternal mortality. The rupture of a uterine artery pseudoaneurysm, a rare vascular lesion of unknown prevalence, produces secondary postpartum hemorrhage without an evident cause. If not properly diagnosed and treated, it can be life threatening. Etiology includes vascular trauma during cesarean section, vaginal delivery, curettage or hysterotomy. Its clinical presentation is varied and often associated with other more frequent gynecological and obstetric pathologies. Patients may present no symptoms, vaginal bleeding or even postpartum hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock. To prevent fatal bleeding, a rapid and accurate diagnosis must be made, based on non-invasive imaging studies. Angiographic embolization is a safe and effective method to control hemorrhage in hemodynamically stable patients and should be an option before resorting to surgery in selected cases. We describe a case of rupture of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm following a cesarean section.