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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;88(2): e2023, 2025. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1574023

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the predictive value of initial intraocular pressure difference of the detached and fellow eyes of patients with complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment on postoperative persistent ocular hypotony. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 538 eyes of 538 unilateral complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients with a proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade of C-1 or higher, treated with silicone oil endotamponade following pars plana vitrectomy. The patients were divided into Group A (patients having silicone oil removal without ocular hypotony; n=504) and Group B (patients with persistent ocular hypotony following silicone oil removal [n=8, 23.5%] and with retained silicone oil [n=26, 76.5%] due to the risk of persistent ocular hypotony; total n=34). Ocular hypotony was defined as an intraocular pressure of <6 mmHg on two or more occasions. Patients' demographics, including age, sex, and follow-up time, and ocular characteristics, including ocular surgical and trauma history, initial and final best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure and initial intraocular pressure difference of the detached and fellow eyes, and anatomical success rates and postoperative complications, were retrospectively collected from the electronic patient files. Results: The initial intraocular pressure was significantly lower in the detached eyes of Group B than in Group A (8.3 ± 3.5 vs. 12.9 ± 3.3, p<0.001). Also, the initial intraocular pressure difference was significantly higher in Group B than in Group A (8.9 ± 3.2 vs. 2.2 ± 2.7mmHg, p<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the cutoff value of the initial intraocular pressure difference was 7.5mmHg for the risk of persistent ocular hypotony. The most influential factors on postoperative persistent ocular hypotony in the binary logistic regression analysis were the initial intraocular pressure difference and the need for a retinectomy. Conclusion: In eyes with complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated with pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade, the initial intraocular pressure difference could be of value in predicting postoperative persistent ocular hypotony and could guide surgeons on the decision of silicone oil removal.

2.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 28(2): 184-199, 20240000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1578006

ABSTRACT

A enfermagem é uma profissão dinâmica que atua em diversos setores, entre eles o centro cirúrgico, os pacientes que serão submetidos a cirurgia precisam de orientações para obter um resultado de sucesso, para isso a enfermagem deve estar presente em todos os momentos auxiliando e orientando. O paciente precisa ser orientado de forma individualizada, e observado de forma que o enfermeiro consiga fornecer conforto e bem estar na assistência prestada. Dentre as especialidades na oftalmologia temos os retinologos médicos especialistas na retina parte anatômica do olho. Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil do paciente no pré-operatório submetido a cirurgia de Vitrectomia Vias Pars Plana em uma clínica oftalmológica do Oeste do Paraná. Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo e exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, com pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de vitrectomia, através de coleta de dados de prontuários físicos e eletrônicos. Resultado e discussão: A amostra foi realizada com 81 prontuários, onde o sexo masculino foi predominante com 45 (55,5 %), seguido dos pacientes do sexo feminino que atingiram 36 (44,4 %). Outros dados encontrados foram relacionados ao perfil cirúrgico, patologia apresentadas pelos pacientes, faixa etária que variou entre 35 a 85 anos acima, escolaridade, pacientes que haviam realizado cirurgias previas de retina com maior predominância 68,96% (40), que não realizaram e 31,3% (18). As patologias que levaram ao diagnostico cirúrgico, com maior predominância 41,3% (24) Descolamento de retina, seguidos de Opacidades Vítreas 31,03% (18), Buraco Macular 17,24% (10), Membrana Epirretiniana 6,89% (4), e com 3,44% (2) Retinopatia Diabética. Também foram analisados dados como comorbidade, medicações, queixas, exames solicitados para cirurgia, tempo de repouso e medicações utilizadas pós-cirurgia. Conclusão: Conclui- se que o enfermeiro deve realizar uma assistência individualizada ao paciente submetido a procedimentos cirúrgicos, e a partir do estudo é possível identificar que os pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de vitrectomia precisam ser orientados de forma integrada no Peri operatório, assim o enfermeiro consegue avaliar o perfil do paciente assistido para proporcionar uma assistência humanizada.


Nursing is a dynamic profession that operates in several sectors, including the surgical center, patients who will undergo surgery need guidance to obtain a successful result, for this, nursing must be present at all times, helping and guiding. The patient needs to be guided individually, and observed so that the nurse can provide comfort and well-being in the careprovided. Among the specialties in ophthalmology we have medical retinologists who are specialists in the retina, the anatomical part of the eye. Objective: to characterize the profile of the patient in the preoperative period submitted to Vias Pars Plana Vitrectomy surgery in an ophthalmological clinic in the West of Paraná. Materials and methods: Descriptive and exploratory study with a quantitative approach, with patients undergoing vitrectomy surgery, through data collection from physical and electronic records. Result and discussion: The sample was carried out with 81 medical records, where the male gender was predominant with 45 (55.5%), followed by female patients who reached 36 (44.4%). Other data found were related to the surgical profile, pathology presented by the patients, age group that varied between 35 and 85 years old, schooling, patients who had undergone previous retinal surgeries with greater predominance 68.96% (40), who did not and 31.3% (18). The pathologies that led to the surgical diagnosis, with greater predominance 41.3% (24) Retinal detachment, followed by Vitreous Opacities 31.03% (18), Macular Hole 17.24% (10), Epiretinal Membrane 6.89% (4), and with 3.44% (2) Diabetic Retinopathy. Data such as comorbidity, medications, complaints, exams requested for surgery, rest time and medications used after surgery were also analyzed. Conclusion: It is concluded that the nurse must provide individualized assistance to the patient undergoing surgical procedures, and from the study it is possible to identify that patients undergoing vitrectomy surgeries need to be guided in an integrated way in the perioperative period, so the nurse can evaluate the profile of the assisted patient to provide a humanized assistance.


La enfermería es una profesión dinámica que opera en varios sectores, incluido el centro quirúrgico, los pacientes que serán sometidos a una cirugía necesitan orientación para obtener un resultado exitoso, para ello la enfermería debe estar presente en todo momento ayudando y orientando. El paciente necesita ser guiado individualmente y observado para que la enfermera pueda brindarle comodidad y bienestar en los cuidados brindados. Entre las especialidades en oftalmología contamos con médicos retinólogos que se especializan en la retina, parte anatómica del ojo. Objetivo: caracterizar el perfil preoperatorio de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de Vitrectomía Pars Plana en una clínica de oftalmología del Oeste de Paraná. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y exploratorio con enfoque cuantitativo, con pacientes sometidos a cirugía de vitrectomía, mediante la recolección de datos de historias clínicas físicas y electrónicas. Resultado y discusión: La muestra se realizó con 81 historias clínicas, donde predominaron los pacientes masculinos con 45 (55,5%), seguido de los pacientes femeninos que llegaron a 36 (44,4%). Otros datos encontrados estuvieron relacionados con el perfil quirúrgico, patología que presentaron los pacientes, rango de edad que varió entre 35 y 85 años, escolaridad, pacientes que habían sido sometidos a cirugías de retina previas con mayor predominio del 68,96% (40), que no habían sido sometidos a cirugías de retina previas. sufridas y el 31,3% (18). Las patologías que llevaron al diagnóstico quirúrgico, con mayor predominio 41.3% (24) Desprendimiento de Retina, seguido de Opacidades Vítreas 31.03% (18), Agujero Macular 17.24% (10), Membrana Epirretiniana 6,89% (4), y 3,44% (2) Retinopatía Diabética. También se analizaron datos como comorbilidad, medicamentos, quejas, pruebas solicitadas para la cirugía, tiempo de descanso y medicamentos utilizados postoperatorios. Conclusión: Se concluye que el enfermero debe brindar asistencia individualizada al paciente sometido a procedimientos quirúrgicos, y del estudio es posible identificar que los pacientes sometidos a cirugías de vitrectomía necesitan ser guiados de manera integrada durante el período operatorio, para que el enfermero pueda evaluar el perfil del paciente asistido para brindarle una asistencia humanizada.

3.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-227753

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the importance of diabetic retinopathy, an eye disease associated with diabetes, which is a systemic disease. The research question addresses the impact of diabetes on the retina of the eye through infection and clinical features. This approach is designed to improve the relationship between early diagnosis and treatment of disease, including laser surgery, corticosteroid injections, and vitrectomy. This article focuses on chronic diabetic retinopathy and eye examination recommendations in the United States and the United Kingdom. To prevent and manage diabetic retinopathy, it is recommended that diabetic patients have regular eye examinations. The results of this study include the importance of good glycaemic control, injections, photocoagulation, and vitrectomy as treatment options. Intravitreal long-acting steroids may also temporarily improve visual acuity by reducing macular oedema. However, long-term use of the drug may cause side effects and may lead to cataracts, steroid glaucoma, and endophthalmitis. It may cause reasons. A recent study of the disease in India shows that the incidence of high blood sugar and its effects on the eye is mainly diabetic retinopathy, including cataracts, neovascular glaucoma and even retinal detachment, which are very dangerous for eye health. Therefore, it is important to inform patients about this disease and perform timely screening because patients need to be informed carefully.

4.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1018435

ABSTRACT

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)combined with pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)treatment for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR)of different traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome types in the real world.Methods A prospective real-world study was performed in the 36 patients(involving 42 eyes)with PDR treated by anti-VEGF combined with PPV in the Department of Ophthalmology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from March 2019 to December 2019.According to the TCM syndrome manifestations,the patients were differentiated as qi-yin deficiency complicated with blood stasis obstructing collaterals type(15 cases,involving 18 eyes;shorten as qi-yin deficiency type),liver-kidney deficiency and ocular collaterals failing in the nourishment type(14 cases,involving 17 eyes;shorten as liver-kidney deficiency type),and yin-yang deficiency complicated with blood stasis and phlegm coagulation type(7 cases,involving 7 eyes;shorten as yin-yang deficiency type).The patients were treated with anti-VEGF therapy first and then received PPV after 5-7 days.Aqueous humor was sampled during anti-VEGF therapy and PPV.After treatment,the efficacy of PDR patients with different TCM syndromes was compared.Moreover,the patients were observed in the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of the affected eyes before surgery and 3 months after surgery,levels of cytokines in the aqueous humor before and after anti-VEGF treatment,macular central retinal thickness(CRT),area of the foveal avascular zone(FAZ),the blood density of macular center,inner ring,outer ring and intact macula 3 months after surgery,and the postoperative complications.Results(1)The difference of the therapeutic efficacy of PDR patients with various TCM syndrome types was statistically significant(P<0.05).Among 3 syndrome types,the best efficacy was found in the qi-yin deficiency type,followed by liver-kidney deficiency type,and then yin-yang deficiency type,with the total efficacy rate being 88.89%(16/18),52.94%(9/17),and 42.86%(3/7),respectively.(2)Three months after surgery,the logarithmic value of minimum angle of resolution(LogMAR)for BCVA of patients with qi-yin deficiency type was significantly superior to that of patients with yin-yang deficiency type,with the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05).After the anti-VEGF treatment,the levels of cytokines in the aqueous humor of the patients varied in the 3 syndrome types:vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A)level in the patients with the 3 syndrome types was significantly lower,placental growth factor(PLGF)and angiopoietin-like protein 4(ANGPTL4)levels in the patients with qi-yin deficiency type were higher,and interleukin 8(IL-8)level in the patients with liver-kidney deficiency type was higher than those before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The blood density of macular outer ring and intact macula in the patients with qi-yin deficiency type and liver-kidney deficiency type was larger than that in the patients with yin-yang deficiency type,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).However,the differences of CRT,FAZ area,and blood density of macular center and inner ring among the 3 syndrome types were not statistically significant(P>0.05).(3)The incidence of postoperative complications in the patients with yin-yang deficiency type was relatively high,but the difference among the 3 syndrome types was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion In the real world,the best efficacy of anti-VEGF combined with PPV treatment in PDR patients with different TCM syndrome types can be achieved in the patients differentiated as qi-yin deficiency type,followed by liver-kidney deficiency type,and then yin-yang deficiency type.After anti-VEGF treatment,the levels of cytokines in the aqueous humor of the patients vary in the 3 syndrome types.Three months after the operation,the patients with qi-yin deficiency type and liver-kidney deficiency type have larger blood density of macular outer ring and intact macula,and exert good prognosis.

5.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1022658

ABSTRACT

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of 25G+and 27G+pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in the treat-ment of idiopathic epiretinal membrane(iERM).Methods A total of 50 iERM patients(50 eyes)who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from December 2019 to August 2022 were selected as the research subjects.These patients were divided into the control group and observation group based on different surgical methods,with 25 patients(25 eyes)in each group.Patients in the control group received 25G+PPV treatment,while patients in the observation group received 27G+PPV treatment.The surgical duration and postoperative 1-day incision subconjunctival hemorrhage and e-dema of patients in two groups were compared;central macular thickness(CMT)was measured by optical coherence tomo-graphy before surgery,1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months postoperatively in the two groups.Visual acuity of patients in both groups was assessed according to the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study(ETDRS)visual acuity chart.Intraocular pressure was measured by using a non-contact Callon tonometer.Complications,such as intraoperative macular injury,retinal hole,postoperative choroidal detachment,retinal hemorrhage,retinal detachment,and intraocular infection,were observed in both groups.Results The surgical duration of patients in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group(t=2.314,P<0.05).The extent of subconjunctival hemorrhage and edema of patients in the observation group was significantly smaller than that in the control group(t=13.706,P<0.01).The ETDRS visual acuity of patients at 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery in both groups was significantly higher than that before surgery(P<0.05).There was no signifi-cant difference in ETDRS visual acuity of patients between the two groups at 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months postoperatively(P>0.05).At 1 day after surgery,the intraocular pressure of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).At 1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery,there was no significant difference in intraocular pressure of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).Two patients in the control group experienced transient ocular hypotension 1 day after surgery,while no such complication was observed in the observation group.Patients in both groups presented with varying degrees of retinal nerve epithelial layer traction,retinal edema,thickening,and vascular distortion before surgery.At 1 day after surgery,epiretinal membrane traction was relieved in both groups,and there was a significant improvement in the anatomical structure of the macular area compared to preoperative conditions.At 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery,the CMT of patients in both groups was reduced compared to preoperative values(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in CMT of patients between the two groups at 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery(P>0.05).In the control group,18 eyes(72.0%)were sutured at the scleral puncture sites due to leakage,while no suturing was performed in the observation group.Patients in both groups completed the surgery successfully,without any intraoperative complications such as macular injury or retinal hole.During the 3-month follow-up,no postoperative complications such as choroidal detachment,retinal hemorrhage,retinal detachment,or intraocular infection were observed in both groups.Conclusion Both 27G+PPV and 25G+PPV have good clinical effects and high surgical safety in the treatment of iERM.Compared with 25G+PPV,27G+PPV can shorten the surgical duration,better maintain postoperative intraocular pressure stability,and reduce the range of subconjunctival bleeding and edema.

6.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1022809

ABSTRACT

Objective:To compare the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with human amniotic membrane (hAM) plugging technique or internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap insertion technique for high myopia macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD).Methods:A non-randomized controlled clinical study was performed.Sixteen eyes of 15 patients with high myopia MHRD treated in the Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2020 to August 2021 were included.All patients underwent PPV and were divided into hAM plug group (7 eyes of 7 patients) and the ILM insertion group (9 eyes of 8 patients) based on the different plugging materials.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure were measured before surgery and at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months postoperative, respectively.Slit-lamp microscopy combined with lenses, scanning laser ophthalmoscope and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were used to examine the fundus, the macular hole closure and retinal reposition.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (No.SH9H-2021-T322-2). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:The retinal reattachment was achieved in 6 eyes in the hAM plug group and all 9 eyes in the ILM insertion group after initial surgery.The macular hole closure was observed in 5 eyes in the hAM plug group and 8 eyes in the ILM insertion group after initial surgery, and there was no statistical difference in the macular hole closure rate between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were significant differences in the overall comparison of BCVA between the two groups over time ( Ftime=4.420, P<0.05). Postoperative BCVA at different time points was better than preoperative BCVA in each group, but the differences were not significant (all at P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the overall comparison of BCVA between the two groups ( Fgroup=0.183, P>0.05). Two eyes in the hAM plug group and 4 eyes in the ILM insertion group developed transient ocular hypertension, which returned to normal after 1 week of treatment. Conclusions:Both PPV combined with hAM plugging technique and ILM insertion technique are safe and effective for the treatment of MHRD in high myopia.The hAM plugging technique can not only achieve anatomical reduction but also functional recovery of the retina even in complicated fundus conditions.

7.
International Eye Science ; (12): 221-224, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1005384

ABSTRACT

The introduction of vitrectomy has solved a difficult and intractable problem in the ophthalmology community for the treatment of fundus oculi diseases. To date, minimally invasive vitrectomy(MIV)is the main surgery for the treatment of fundus oculi diseases. Clinically, patients develop dry eye symptoms after MIV, including lacrimation, foreign body sensation, and visual disturbances. We speculates that MIV may damage the conjunctival and corneal epithelium as well as related sensory nerves, disrupting the tear film and causing a local inflammation response, thereby further affecting the ocular surface microenvironment and inducing or aggravating dry eye symptoms. At present, there are few studies on the changes of ocular surface after MIV. This article aims to analyze the effects of different factors on the microenvironment of the ocular surface before, during and after MIV, and to provide preventive and curative measures that can be taken to guide the clinic to make good preparations for the operation, to choose the appropriate surgical procedure, and to reduce the risk of dry eye in the postoperative period.

8.
International Eye Science ; (12): 630-633, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1012834

ABSTRACT

AIM:To observe the clinical efficacy of vitrectomy at different times for open ocular trauma and explore the timing of stage Ⅱ vitrectomy.METHODS: Retrospective case series study. A total of 60 cases(60 eyes)with open ocular trauma who visited our ophthalmology department from June 2022 to February 2023 were included. They were divided into treatment group A(interval ≤14 d)and treatment group B(interval &#x003E;14 d)based on the interval between the stage Ⅰ emergency treatment surgery and the stage Ⅱ vitreoretinal surgery. Among the 32 cases(32 eyes)in the treatment group A, 16 eyes(50%)had eyeball rupture, 13 eyes(41%)had penetrating injury, and 3 eyes(9%)had perforating injury. Among the 28 cases(28 eyes)in the treatment group B, 15 eyes(54%)had eyeball rupture, 12 eyes(43%)had penetrating injury, and one eye(4%)had perforating injury. The two groups of patients were followed-up for 6 mo after surgery, and the treatment effects were compared.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between the two groups of patients before vitrectomy(P&#x003E;0.05). In the treatment group A, 10 eyes(31%)had significantly improved visual acuity, 21 eyes(66%)had effectively enhanced visual acuity, and 1 eye(3%)had no improvement in visual acuity at 6 mo after surgery. Among the 28 eyes in the treatment group B, 5 eyes(18%)had significantly improved vision, 16 eyes(57%)had effectively enhanced vision, and 7 eyes(25%)had no change in vision, with statistically significant difference between the two groups(U=322.5, P=0.032). There was no significant difference between the treatment group A and the treatment group B in complications such as secondary glaucoma, silicone oil dependence, vitreous hemorrhage, and eyeball atrophy(P&#x003E;0.05). There was no evidence of traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy(TPVR)in the treatment group A during postoperative follow-up, which was significantly lower than that of the treatment group B(P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION:The prognosis of the stage Ⅱ vitrectomy for open ocular injury is relatively good after completing the stage Ⅰ surgery within 2 wk.

9.
International Eye Science ; (12): 805-809, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1016600

ABSTRACT

AIM: To compare the outcome of C3F8 versus silicone oil tamponade after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)and inverted internal limiting membrane(ILM)for the treatment of highly myopic macular hole retinal detachment(MHRD).METHODS: Retrospective clinical study. Totally 45 patients(45 eyes)with highly myopic MHRD who visited our hospital between January 2019 and August 2022 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into two groups according to different intraocular tamponade agents: C3F8(22 eyes)and silicone oil(23 eyes)groups. All patients underwent conventional three-incision PPV, ILM was tamped, a venous blood clot was placed on the tamped ILM, and 15% C3F8 and silicone oil were used as tamponade, respectively. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), multifocal electroretinogram(mfERG), the closure of the macular hole, retinal reattachment and the complications were observed.RESULTS: The macular hole closure rate was 77% in the C3F8 group and 83% in the silicone oil group, respectively(P&#x003E;0.05), and retinal reattachment rates were 95% and 96%, respectively(P&#x003E;0.05). The visual acuity of the two groups significantly improved, which was 0.99±0.34 and 1.22±0.37, respectively, and the C3F8 group was better than that of the silicone oil group(t=-2.156, P=0.037). After operation, the response density of the first ring of P1 wave in the first order kernel in mfERG was 114.27±26.37 nV/deg2 for the C3F8 group and 98.08±24.36 nV/deg2 for the silicone oil group, and the response density of the second ring of P1 wave was 80.45±14.94 nV/deg2 for the C3F8 group and 67.73±15.33 nV/deg2 for the silicone oil group, all of which were significantly higher compared to pre-operation [the response density of the first ring of P1 wave: 58.13±13.96 nV/deg2 for the C3F8 group and 55.30±10.48 nV/deg2 for the silicone oil group, the response density of the second ring of P1 wave: 51.18±8.19 nV/deg2 for the C3F8 group and 47.43±11.97 nV/deg2 for the silicone oil group](all P&#x003C;0.05). It was found that the response density of the first ring of P1 wave was lower in the silicone oil group than in the C3F8 group(P&#x003C;0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P&#x003E;0.05).CONCLUSION: Silicone oil tamponade or C3F8 tamponade after PPV combined with ILM can both promote retinal reattachment and macular hole closure in patients with MHRD, and the C3F8 tamponade was superior to silicone oil in visual function recovery.

10.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(6): e2022, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1513695

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to determine closure rates of large idiopathic macular holes treated with pars plana vitrectomy and 360-degree pedicled inverted internal limiting membrane flap without face-down posturing and define visual improvement, types of macular hole closure, and external retina integrity as secondary outcomes. Methods: This retrospective case series analyzed all patients who were treated by vitrectomy, 360-degree pedicled inverted internal limiting membrane flap, and gas tamponade, without face-down posturing postoperatively. Age, sex, time of visual acuity reduction, other ocular pathologies, and lens status were collected. The best-corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography results were recorded during pre- and postoperative follow-up examinations (15 days and 2 months after surgery). Results: This study enrolled 20 eyes of 19 patients, and the mean age was 66 years. Optical coherence tomography performed 2 months after surgery revealed hole closure in 19 (95%) eyes. The median best-corrected visual acuity improved from +1.08 preoperatively to +0.66 LogMAR 2 months postoperatively (p<0.001), with a median of 20 letters of visual improvement (0.4 LogMAR) on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart. V (47.36%)- and U (52.63%)-types of closure were observed. Conclusion: The 360-degree pedicled inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique, without face-down posturing, provided a high closure rate (95%), external layer recovery, and V- and U-type foveal closure contours, in addition to visual improvement in most cases of large macular holes (even macular holes >650 μm). This technique may be a viable alternative to patients in whom traditional postoperative face-down positioning for large macular hole treatment is not possible.


RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar as taxas de fechamento de buracos maculares idiopáticos grandes tratados com vitrectomia posterior e técnica de flap invertido 360 graus pediculado de membrana limitante interna, sem posicionamento de cabeça pós-operatório e definir melhora visual, tipos de fechamento do buraco macular e integridade das camadas retinianas externas como objetivo secundário. Métodos: Este estudo foi uma série retrospectiva de casos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a vitrectomia com flap invertido 360 graus pediculado de membrana limitante interna e tamponamento com gás, sem posição de cabeça no pós-operatório. Idade, gênero, tempo de redução da acuidade visual, outras patologias oculares e status do cristalino foram compilados. Medida de melhor acuidade visual corrigida e tomografia de coerência óptica foram registradas durante as visitas de pré e pós-operatório (15 dias e 2 meses após cirurgia). Resultados: Vinte olhos de 19 pacientes foram incluídos neste estudo. A idade média foi de sessenta e seis anos. Um total de 19 olhos (95%) atingiu fechamento do buraco, observado através das imagens de tomografia de coerência óptica após 2 meses de cirurgia. Melhor acuidade visual corrigida média aumentou +1,08 pré-operatória para +0,66 LogMAR em 2 meses de cirurgia (p<0,001), com média de 20 letras de melhora visual (0,4 LogMAR) na tabela do Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Dois tipos de fechamento do buraco foram observados: V (47,36%) e U (52,63%). Conclusão: A técnica de flap invertido 360 graus pediculado de membrana limitante interna, sem posicionamento de cabeça no pós-operatório promoveu elevada taxa de fechamento (95%), reestabelecimento das camadas retinianas externas, fechamento com contorno foveal dos tipos V e U, além de melhora visual na maioria dos casos de BMI gran des (mesmo nos buracos maiores que 650 μm). Esta técnica pode representar uma alternativa para o tratamento de buracos maculares grandes em pacientes impossibilitados de cumprir o tradicional posicionamento de cabeça pós-operatório.

11.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(1): e2021, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527809

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purposes: The purpose of this study is to compare the standard inner limiting membrane peeling technique to the inner limiting membrane abrasion technique with respect to visual outcomes and central retinal thickness in the primary epiretinal membrane surgery. Methods: A total of 59 eyes from 57 epiretinal membrane patients were separated into two groups including the standard inner limiting membrane peeling group and the inner limiting membrane peeling with abrasion technique group. At 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up, the mean alteration in best-corrected visual acuity and central retinal thickness were assessed for each group. Results: The study includes 32 (54%) standard inner peeling and 27 (46%) inner limiting membrane peeling with abrasion technique patients. The mean preoperative logMAR best-corrected visual acuity for the standard inner limiting membrane peeling and inner limiting membrane peeling with abrasion groups was 0.73 (±0.29) and 0.61 (±0.3) respectively. At 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up, the best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly in each group. At each period of observation, the alteration in best-corrected visual acuity was not statistically significant (p=0.54, p=0.52, p=0.67). When comparing the alterations between the standard inner limiting membrane peeling and inner limiting membrane peeling with abrasion technique groups at 6 months (p=0.26) and 24 months (p=0.06), no statistically significant differences were observed, but they were statistically different at 12 months (p=0.03), reflecting a greater reduction in central retinal thickness for the inner limiting membrane peeling with abrasion technique group after one year. Conclusion: Abrasion of the inner limiting membrane with a diamond-dusted membrane scraper during epiretinal membrane surgery demonstrates similar effectiveness to the standard inner limiting membrane peeling technique. At 12 months, retinal thinning was found to be more significant in inner limiting membrane peeling with abrasion technique patients in terms of central retinal thickness values. As a result, it may be argued that the inner limiting membrane abrasion technique eliminates the inner limiting membrane and related structures more effectively while inflicting less retinal damage.


RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar a técnica padrão de peeling da membrana limitadora interna com a técnica de abrasão da membrana limitadora interna com relação aos resultados visuais e à espessura central da retina na cirurgia primária de membrana epirretiniana. Métodos: Cinquenta e nove olhos de 57 pacientes com membrana epirretiniana foram divididos em dois grupos, incluindo o grupo de remoção padrão da membrana limitante interna e o grupo de remoção da membrana limitante interna com técnica de abrasão. A alteração média da melhor acuidade visual corrigida e da espessura central da retina foram medidas para cada grupo aos 6, 12 e 24 meses de acompanhamento. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 32 (54%) de padrão de membrana limitante e 27 (46%) de membrana interna com técnica de abrasão. A média de logMar pré-operatório de melhor acuidade visual corrigida foi de 0,73 (±0,29) e 0,61 (±0,3) para os grupos de remoção padrão da membrana limitante interna e de remoção da membrana limitante interna com técnica de abrasão, respectivamente. A melhor acuidade visual corrigida melhorou significativamente em cada grupo aos 6, 12 e 24 meses de acompanhamento. A alteração na melhor acuidade visual corrigida não foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,54, p=0,52, p=0,67) em cada período de observação. Quanto à espessura central da retina, diferenças estatisticamente significativas não foram observadas aos 6 meses (p=0,26) e 24 meses (p=0,06), mas foram estatisticamente diferentes aos 12 meses (p=0,03) quando comparadas às alterações entre os grupos de remoção padrão da membrana limitante interna e de remoção da membrana limitante interna com técnica de abrasão, refletindo uma maior redução da espessura central da retina para o grupo de remoção da membrana limitante interna com técnica de abrasão após um ano. Conclusão: A abrasão da membrana limitante interna com um raspador de membrana com pó de diamante em cirurgia de membrana epirretiniana demonstra eficácia semelhante com a técnica de remoção padrão de membrana limitante interna. Em relação aos valores de espessura central da retina, o afinamento da retina foi mais significativo em pacientes com remoção da membrana limitante interna com técnica de abrasão aos 12 meses. Assim, pode-se argumentar que a técnica de abrasão da membrana limitante interna remove a membrana limitante interna e as estruturas relacionadas de forma mais eficaz sem causar danos significativos à retina.

12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(1): e2021, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527823

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To present long-term results of pars plana vitrectomy combined with pan-retinal endolaser photocoagulation, Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation, and/or phacoemulsification in patients with complicated neovascular glaucoma. Methods: The study comprised 15 eyes from 15 patients with neovascular glaucoma as a complication of diabetic retinopathy and owing to ischemic central retinal vein occlusion. There was a vitreous hemorrhage n all of the patients. Furthermore, 8 of the cases showed varying degrees of hyphema. All subjects received an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab three days before surgery. In 12 phakic patients, phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy, and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation were performed. Pars plana vitrectomy and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation were performed in 3 pseudophakic patients. Perioperative and postoperative complications, intraocular pressure values, and best-corrected visual acuity scores were also recorded. Results: The mean follow-up was 24.4 ± 14.56 months. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 50.06 ± 7.6 mmHg. At 1 day, 7 days, and 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-month, and last visit following surgery, the mean intraocular pressure was 11.06 ± 8.22, 12.66 ± 7.27, 13.8 ± 7.73, 18.64 ± 7.05, 19.28 ± 4.61, 16.28 ± 1.68, and 16.92 ± 2.12 mmHg, respectively (p=0.001 for every follow-up visit). The mean visual acuity on the most recent appointment was 1.18 ± 0.42 logMar (p=0.001 for each subsequent visit). As postoperative early complications, varying degrees of hyphema and fibrin reactions were recorded. During follow-up, one patient developed phthisis bulbi. In 4 cases, Ahmed glaucoma valve revision surgery was required. Conclusions: In patients with complicated neovascular glaucoma, combined surgical procedures are safe, effective, and preferable both in terms of controlling high intraocular pressure and providing reasonable visual abilities.


RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar nossos resultados de longo período de vitrectomia pars plana combinada com fotocoagulação panretiniana com endolaser, implantação da válvula Ahmed para glaucoma e/ou facoemulsificação em pacientes com glaucoma neovascular complicado. Métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo 15 olhos de 15 pacientes com glaucoma neovascular como complicação da retinopatia diabética e devido à oclusão isquêmica da veia central da retina. Todos os casos tiveram hemorragia vítrea. Além disso, 8 dos casos apresentaram diferentes graus de hifema. A injeção intravítrea de bevacizumabe foi administrada em todos os casos 3 dias antes da cirurgia. Facoemulsificação, vitrectomia pars plana e implantação da válvula Ahmed para glaucoma foram realizadas em 12 pacientes fáquicos. A vitrectomia pars plana e a implantação da válvula Ahmed para glaucoma foram realizadas em 3 pacientes pseudofáquicos. Complicações perioperatórias e pós-operatórias, valores de pressão intraocular e valores de melhor acuidade visual corrigida pré-operatório e pós-operatório foram registrados. Resultados: O acompanhamento médio foi de 24,4 ± 14,56 meses. A média da pressão intraocular pré-operatória foi de 50,06 ± 7,6 mmHg. Em 1 dia, 7 dias e 1,3,6,12 meses, e última visita após cirurgia, a média da pressão intraocular foi de 11,06 ± 8,22, 12,66 ± 7,27, 13,8 ± 7,73, 18,64 ± 7,05, 19,28 ± 4,61, 16,28 ± 1,68 e 16,92 ± 2,12 mmHg, respectivamente (p=0,001 para cada visita de acompanhamento). A média da acuidade visual na última visita foi de 1,18 ± 0,42 logMar (p=0,001 para cada visita de acompanhamento). Vários graus de reações de hifema e fibrina foram registrados como complicações precoces pós-operatórias. Phthisis bulbi foi desenvolvido em um caso durante o acompanhamento. A cirurgia de revisão da válvula Ahmed para glaucoma foi necessária em 4 casos. Conclusões: Os procedimentos cirúrgicos combinados que realizamos são seguros, eficazes e preferenciais, tanto em termos de controle da alta pressão intraocular quanto fornecimento de habilidades visuais razoáveis em pacientes com glaucoma neovascular complicado.

13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(2): e2021, 2024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527835

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) vitreolysis for symptomatic vitreous floaters as it remains a controversial procedure due to insufficient robust evidence in the literature for the maintenance of the results and absence of adverse effects. Methods: This is an observational extension to the previously presented prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Eight of thirteen subjects who underwent vitreolysis with YAG laser returned for a late reevaluation, 18 months after the procedure, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the procedure. Results: All patients maintained the improvement in symptomatology noted after the procedure, with 25% showing complete improvement and a similar proportion (37.5%) reporting significant or partial improvement. Objective improvement in opacity was similar to that found at 6 months follow-up. The NEI-VFQ 25 quality of life questionnaire showed no statistically significant difference in responses between the 6th and 18th month. No adverse effects were noted on clinical examination or reported by patients. Conclusion: Vitreolysis efficacy observed at 6 months of follow-up was maintained until the eighteenth month, with all patients reporting improvement from the pre-procedure state. No late adverse effects were noted. A larger randomized clinical trial is needed to confirm the safety of the procedure.


RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a segurança e eficácia a longo prazo da vitreólise com Nd:YAG laser para moscas volantes sintomáticas, uma vez que permanece como um procedimento controverso devido a falta de evidência científica robusta sobre a manutenção dos resultados e ocorrência de efeitos adversos. Métodos: Este estudo é uma extensão observacional de um ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado, duplo cego, previamente publicado. Oito de treze pacientes que foram submetidos a vitreólise com YAG laser foram acompanhados para uma reavaliação tardia, dezoito meses após o procedimento, para avaliar a eficácia e segurança do procedimento. Resultados: Todos os pacientes mantiveram a melhora na sintomatologia notada ao final do procedimento original, com 25% dos casos apresentando melhora completa, e uma proporção semelhante (37,5%) demonstrando melhora significativa ou parcial. A melhora objetiva na opacidade foi similar ao achado no seguimento original de 6 meses. O questionário de qualidade de vida NEI-VFQ 25 não demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significativa nas respostas entre o sexto e o décimo oitavo mês de acompanhamento. Nenhum efeito adverso foi notado no exame clínico ou reportado pelos pacientes. Conclusão: A eficácia da vitreólise observada ao sexto mês do acompanhamento foi mantida até o décimo oitavo mês, com todos os pacientes notando algum grau de melhora quando comparado ao estado pré procedimento. Nenhum efeito adverso tardio foi notado. Um ensaio clínico randomizado maior é necessário para confirmar a segurança do procedimento.

14.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(2): e2023, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533796

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the clinical benefits of the co-application of bevacizumab and tissue plasminogen activator as adjuncts in the surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Patients who underwent vitrectomy for proliferative dia-betic retinopathy complications were preoperatively given in-travitreal injection with either bevacizumab and tissue plasminogen activator (Group 1) or bevacizumab alone (Group 2). Primary outcomes were surgery time and number of intraoperative iatrogenic retinal breaks. Secondary outcomes included changes in the best-corrected visual acuity and postoperative complications at 3 months postoperatively. Results: The mean surgery time in Group 1 (52.95 ± 5.90 min) was significantly shorter than that in Group 2 (79.61 ± 12.63 min) (p<0.001). The mean number of iatrogenic retinal breaks was 0.50 ± 0.59 (0-2) in Group 1 and 2.00 ± 0.83 (0-3) in Group 2 (p<0.001). The best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved in both groups (p<0.001). One eye in each group developed retinal detachment. Conclusion: Preoperative co-application of bevacizumab and tissue plasminogen activator as adjuncts in the surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy shortens the surgery time and reduces the number of intraoperative iatrogenic retinal breaks.

15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(2): e2022, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533797

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the choroidal vascular alterations and effect of surgical treatment in the setting of idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Methods: The structure of the choroid was studied in 33 patients with unilateral idiopathic epiretinal membrane using optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging and optical coherence tomography angiography. Eyes with epiretinal membrane underwent 25-gauge vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane peeling. The choroidal vascularity index, Haller layer/choroidal thickness ratio, and choriocapillaris flow density were used to evaluate changes in choroidal structure after surgery and compare with the healthy fellow eyes. Results: The choroidal vascularity index and Haller layer/choroidal thickness ratio of the eyes with epiretinal membrane were higher than those of the fellow eyes at baseline (p=0.009 and p=0.04, respectively) and decreased postoperatively compared with preoperative values (p=0.009 and p=0.001, respectively). The choriocapillaris flow of eyes with epiretinal membrane was lower than that of the fellow eyes at baseline (p=0.001) and increased after surgery compared with the preoperative value (p=0.04). The choroidal vascularity index, Haller layer/choroidal thickness ratio, and choriocapillaris flow values of the healthy fellow eyes were comparable at baseline and final visit. In eyes with epiretinal membrane, the final choroidal vascularity index correlated with the final choriocapillaris flow (r=-0.749, p=0.008) in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Idiopathic epiretinal membrane appears to affect the choroidal structure with increased choroidal vascularity index and Haller layer/choroidal thickness ratio and decreased choriocapillaris flow. These macrovascular (choroidal vascularity index and Haller layer/choroidal thickness) and microvascular (choriocapillaris flow) alterations appear to be relieved by surgical treatment of the epiretinal membranes.

16.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(2): e2022, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533802

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of a one-way fluid-air exchange procedure for the treatment of postvitrectomy diabetic vitreous hemorrhage in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This retrospective study included 233 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, who underwent vitrectomy. A one-way fluid-air exchange procedure was performed in 24 eyes of 24 (10.30%) patients with persistent vitreous cavity rebleeding after the operation. Preprocedural and postprocedural best-corrected visual acuity values were achieved. Complications occurring during and after the procedure were analyzed. Results: Significant visual improvement was observed 1 month after the one-way fluid-air exchange procedure (2.62 ± 0.60 LogMAR at baseline vs. 0.85 ± 0.94 LogMAR at postprocedure, p<0.0001). Moreover, 19 (79.17%) eyes needed the procedure once, and 5 (20.83%) eyed had the procedure more than twice. In 3 (12.50%) eyes, reoperation was eventually required because of persistent rebleeding despite several fluid-air exchanges. No complication was observed during the follow-up. Conclusions: The one-way fluid-air exchange procedure can be an excellent alternative to re-vitrectomy for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy suffering from postvitrectomy diabetic vitreous hemorrhage by removing the hemorrhagic contents directly and achieving fast recovery of visual function without apparent complications.

17.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(2): e2022, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533804

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the injection of small amounts of undiluted C3F8 with the traditional gas injection in vitrectomy for macular hole treatment. Methods: This clinical trial included 26 individuals divided into two groups. Group 1 received an intravitreal injection of 0.9-1.0 mL of 100% C3F8, and Group 2 received 15-20 mL of 20% C3F8. Results: The median intraocular gas duration was 31 days in Group 1 and 34 in Group 2. The median letter gains in corrected distance visual acuity for the 26th postoperative week were 20 letters in Group 1 and 12.5 in Group 2. The median intraocular pressure was normal in both groups. Primary anatomical success was 11/13 in both groups. Conclusions: The use of C3F8 gas in a small undiluted volume is an alternative that slightly reduces the duration of the gas without negatively affecting the anatomical and visual response.

18.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 83: e0029, 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565365

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Retinal detachment related to retinopathy of prematurity is a surgical challenge, and vitrectomy can directly release transvitreal traction resulting from fibrous proliferation. The presence of iatrogenic breaks is a poor prognostic factor and has been considered a dismal prognosis. We report a case of premature female baby that underwent a 3-port 23-Gauge pars plana vitrectomy for stage 4A retinopathy of prematurity, with intraoperative progressive rhegmatogenous detachment complication. Lensectomy, extensive membrane dissection and vitreous shaving, followed by a posterior retinotomy, fluid air exchange, extensive peripheral photocoagulation and C3F8 15% injection were performed. Successful anatomical result was obtained.


RESUMO O descolamento de retina relacionado à retinopatia da prematuridade é um desafio cirúrgico, e a vitrectomia é um procedimento capaz de romper diretamente a tração vitreorretiniana resultante da proliferação fibrosa. A presença de roturas iatrogênicas é um fator prognóstico ruim e tem sido considerada como prognóstico sombrio. Relatamos um caso de bebê prematuro do sexo feminino que foi submetido à vitrectomia via pars plana (23 Gauge; três incisões), para retinopatia da prematuridade estágio 4A, complicada por descolamento regmatogênico progressivo intraoperatório. Foram realizadas lensectomia, dissecção extensa da membrana e aspiração vítrea, seguidas de retinotomia posterior, troca fluido-ar, fotocoagulação periférica extensa e injeção de C3F8 a 15%. O resultado anatômico bem-sucedido foi obtido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Retinal Perforations/surgery , Vitrectomy/adverse effects , Retinal Detachment/surgery , Intraoperative Complications , Retinal Perforations/etiology , Vitrectomy/methods , Retinopathy of Prematurity/complications , Retinal Detachment/etiology , Infant, Premature , Iatrogenic Disease
19.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(4): e2023, 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557095

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Endophthalmitis is a severe form of purulent inflammation caused by the infection of the intraocular tissues or fluids. This infection infrequently occurs through endogenous routes, which are often correlated with major risk factors. Escherichia coli, a gram-negative rod, can cause endophthalmitis through hematogenous spread. We here report a 59-year-old man who presented to our service with acute visual impairment in his left eye, preceded by floaters. He was taking sirolimus and azathioprine for a transplanted kidney, had undergone catheterization for bladder atresia, and had a history of recurrent E. coli urinary tract infections. On evaluation, the left eye exhibited visual acuity of hand motion, anterior chamber reaction (3+/4+), and intense vitritis (4+/4+) with white flake clusters, which prevented appropriate retinal evaluation. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed, and the culture yielded E. coli. The present case highlights the importance of identifying the signs and symptoms of infection early so that diagnosis and treatment of endophthalmitis can be promptly initiated.

20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; Arq. bras. oftalmol;87(4): e2022, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557105

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To clarify the postoperative incidence of macular edema in patients undergoing surgery to repair rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and identify the associated risk factors. Methods: In this prospective, observational study, 79 patients who underwent surgery to correct rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil injection were analyzed. Patients were followed up postoperatively at 7, 30, 90, 180, and 365 days. At each visit, optical coherence tomography was performed to assess the presence or absence of macular edema. were analyzed as possible risk factors for macular edema: age, sex, macular status (attached or detached), presence of vitreoretinal proliferation, history of previous intraocular surgery, reported time of symptoms suggestive of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment up to the date of surgery, and the surgical modality performed. Results: The 1-year macular edema prevalence rate was 26.6%. In the adjusted analysis, older patients had a higher risk of macular edema, and each 1-year increase in age increased the risk of macular edema by 6% (95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.12). The macular status, vitreoretinal proliferation, the surgical technique used, prior intraocular surgery, and the intraocular lens status were not identified as risk factors. However, the incidence of macular edema increased up to 180 days after surgery, peaking at 10.6%, and then decreased until 365 days after surgery. Conclusion: Macular edema was a common complication after surgery to treat rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, with its incidence peaking between 30 and 180 days after surgery. Age was an important risk factor for macular edema in this cohort.

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