ABSTRACT
Introducción: El SARS-CoV-2 afecta principalmente al sistema respiratorio, pero el daño producido por este virus también se extiende a otros sistemas, incluido el sistema nervioso, y los mecanismos de infección neurológica pueden ser directos o indirectos. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre las manifestaciones neurológicas y la severidad de la enfermedad en pacientes sintomáticos positivos a la COVID-19. Hospital San Vicente de Paúl. 2021. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal, empleando el registro de historias clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con la COVID-19 y manifestaciones neurológicas, las cuales se clasificaron en manifestaciones del sistema nervioso central y manifestaciones del sistema nervioso periférico. Resultados: 74,1 por ciento pacientes presentaron manifestaciones neurológicas, el mayor porcentaje se concentró en pacientes que desarrollaron enfermedad grave (15 [60 por ciento], SNC; 91 [77,1 por ciento], SNP; 125 [65,4 por ciento], SNC y SNP). La presencia conjunta de manifestaciones neurológicas centrales y periféricas se asoció significativamente con la COVID-19 crítica (P valor= 0,011; OR: 2,005). El índice de mortalidad alcanzó 2,69 por ciento. Conclusiones: Las manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes hospitalizados con la COVID-19 son muy frecuentes, y la COVID-19 crítica tiene mayor probabilidad de presentar manifestaciones neurológicas(AU)
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the respiratory system, but the damage caused by this virus also extends to other systems, including the nervous system, and the mechanisms of neurological infection can be direct or indirect. Objective: To determine the relationship between neurological manifestations and disease severity in symptomatic COVID-19 positive patients at San Vicente de Paul Hospital in 2021. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using medical records of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations, which were classified into manifestations of the central nervous system and manifestations of the peripheral nervous system. Results: The results show that 74,1 percent of patients presented neurological manifestations; the highest percentage was concentrated in patients who developed severe disease (15 [60 percent], CNS; 91 [77,1 percent], PNS; 125 [65,4 percent], CNS and PNS). The joint presence of central and peripheral neurological manifestations was significantly associated with critical COVID-19 (P value= 0,011; OR: 2,005). The mortality rate reached 2,69 percent. Conclusions: Neurological manifestations in hospitalized COVID-19 patients are very common, and critical COVID-19 is more likely to have neurological manifestations(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Severity of Illness Index , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/complications , COVID-19/complications , Odds Ratio , Cross-Sectional Studies , COVID-19/mortality , Centenarians , Octogenarians , Oxygen Saturation , NonagenariansABSTRACT
A obesidade é um grave problema de saúde em todo o mundo. Apresenta alta prevalência e grande impacto sobre a mortalidade. A cirurgia bariátrica é cada vez mais utilizada no tratamento de obesidade mórbida por se mostrar o mais eficaz tratamento mantendo a perda de peso sustentada e diminuindo a incidência das comorbidades associadas. Complicações neurológicas agudas e crônicas têm sido relatadas após este procedimento, e podem resultar principalmente por deficiência nutricional. Objetivo: Destacar as complicações neurológicas comuns e raras que podem ocorrer após cirurgia bariátrica. Metodologia: Revisão narrativa da literatura. Resultados: Complicações neurológicas pós-cirurgia bariátrica podem ocorrer em qualquer nível do neuroeixo ou em músculos. As mais comuns são por deficiências nutricionais, mas outros mecanismos mais raros podem ocorrer como inflamatórios mecânicos. Conclusão: Com o aumento de incidência da obesidade, a cirurgia bariátrica tem se tornado cada vez mais frequente para perda de peso. É importante avaliar corretamente a indicação desse procedimento uma vez que ele não é isento de complicações. Embora a maioria das complicações do sistema nervoso central, periférico e musculoesquelético após a cirurgia bariátrica seja devido a deficiências nutricionais, existem outras neuropatias associadas com envolvimento inflamatório do nervo periférico. Um processo autoimune tem sido aceito como fisiopatologia subjacente. (AU)
Obesity is a serious health problem throughout the world. It has high prevalence and significant impact on mortality. Bariatric surgery is increasingly used in the treatment of morbid obesity out to be the most effective treatment maintaining sustained weight loss and decreasing the incidence of comorbidities. Acute and chronic neurological complications have been reported after this procedure, and may result primarily by nutritional deficiency. Objective: To emphasize the common and rare neurological complications that may occur after bariatric surgery. Methodology: Narrative review of the literature. Results: Neurological complications after bariatric surgery can occur at any neuraxial level or muscle. The most common are by nutritional deficiency, but other rarer mechanisms may occur, like mechanical or inflammatory. Conclusion: With increasing incidence of obesity, bariatric surgery has become increasingly common for weight loss. It is important to properly evaluate the indication for this procedure since it is not without complications. Although most of the central and peripheral nervous system and musculoskeletal complications after bariatric surgery are due to nutritional deficiencies, there are other neuropathies associated with inflammatory involvement of the peripheral nerve. An autoimmune process has been accepted as an underlying pathophysiology. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Polyneuropathies/complications , Postoperative Complications , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Brain Diseases , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Bariatric Surgery/adverse effects , Avitaminosis , Weight Loss , Risk Factors , Deficiency Diseases/etiology , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivos: Revisar as características clínicas, as comorbidades e o manejo da insônia na infância e adolescência. Fonte dos dados: Revisão não sistemática da literatura feita na base dados PubMed, na qual foram selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, com o uso da palavra-chave insônia e o filtro faixa etária pediátrica. Adicionalmente foram incluídos artigos e livros-texto clássicos da literatura sobre o tema. Síntese dos dados: Na infância existe predomínio da insônia comportamental na forma de distúrbio de início do sono por associações inadequadas e/ou distúrbio pela falta de estabelecimento de limites. Na adolescência a insônia está mais associada a problemas de higiene do sono e atraso de fase. Transtornos psiquiátricos (ansiedade, depressão) ou do neurodesenvolvimento (transtorno do déficit de atenção, autismo, epilepsias) ocorrem com frequência em associação ou como comorbidade do quadro de insônia. Conclusões: A queixa de insônia nas crianças e nos adolescentes deve ser valorizada e adequadamente investigada pelo pediatra, que levará em consideração a associação com diversas comorbidades, que também devem ser diagnosticas. As causas principais de insônia e fatores desencadeantes variam de acordo com a idade e o nível de desenvolvimento. A abordagem terapêutica deve incluir medidas de higiene do sono e técnicas comportamentais e em casos individualizados tratamento farmacológico.
Abstract Objectives: To review the clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and management of insomnia in childhood and adolescence. Sources: This was a non-systematic literature review carried out in the PubMed database, from where articles published in the last five years were selected, using the key word “insomnia” and the pediatric age group filter. Additionally, the study also included articles and classic textbooks of the literature on the subject. Data synthesis: During childhood, there is a predominance of behavioral insomnia as a form of sleep-onset association disorder (SOAD) and/or limit-setting sleep disorder. Adolescent insomnia is more associated with sleep hygiene problems and delayed sleep phase. Psychiatric (anxiety, depression) or neurodevelopmental disorders (attention deficit disorder, autism, epilepsy) frequently occur in association with or as a comorbidity of insomnia. Conclusions: Insomnia complaints in children and adolescents should be taken into account and appropriately investigated by the pediatrician, considering the association with several comorbidities, which must also be diagnosed. The main causes of insomnia and triggering factors vary according to age and development level. The therapeutic approach must include sleep hygiene and behavioral techniques and, in individual cases, pharmacological treatment.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/etiology , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Depression/complications , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/complications , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/diagnosis , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/physiopathology , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/therapyABSTRACT
Pregnancy produces a series of physiological changes in women which may trigger several neurologic pathologies or decompensation in pre-existing diseases. There are neurologic complications in pathological pregnancies such as: Wernicke's encephalopathy; posterior reversible encephalopathy which is a form of eclampsia; previous diseases such as epilepsies that entail a high obstetric risk due to the possibility of presenting embriopathies associated to the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and also because of the risk of a convulsive crisis in the fetus; cerebrovascular diseases which are rare although with high maternal mortality; extrapyramidal pathologies which are infrequent except for the chorea gravidarum and the restless legs syndrome; cerebral neoplasms in which due to haemodynamic changes at the end of the second quarter and the increase of estrogen and progesterone many tumors may raise their volume; and peripheral alterations like myasthenia gravis (MG); intervertebral disk displacement and entrapment neuropathies like carpal tunnel syndrome and meralgia paresthetica. Anyhow because of cellular immunity in multiple sclerosis pregnancy is protected from new outbreaks.
El embarazo provoca una serie de cambios en la fisiología de la mujer lo que puede desencadenar diferentes patologías, entre ellas neurológicas y/o descompensar enfermedades previas. Existen cuadros como complicaciones neurológicas de embarazos patológicos: encefalopatía de Wernicke, la encefalopatía posterior reversible que corresponde a una forma de manifestación de eclampsia, enfermedades previas como epilepsias que conllevan un alto riesgo obstétrico; por un lado por la posibilidad de presentar embriopatías asociadas al uso de fármacos antiepilépticos (FAE) y por otro el riesgo que representa una crisis convulsiva en el feto, enfermedades cerebrovasculares, complicación rara pero con una alta mortalidad materna, enfermedades extrapiramidales, infrecuentes, salvo el corea gravídico y el síndrome de piernas inquietas, esclerosis múltiple, en que el embarazo previene la aparición de brotes, debido al predominio de la inmunidad celular, neoplasias intracerebrales en que por los cambios hemodinámicos que ocurren al final del segundo trimestre y el aumento del estrógeno y progesterona, muchos tumores pueden aumentar su masa, y alteraciones periféricas como miastenia gravis (MG), hernias discales y aparición de neuropatías por atrapamiento como el síndrome del túnel del carpo y la meralgia parestésica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Pregnancy Complications , Eclampsia , Brain Diseases/complications , Epilepsy/complications , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Hyperemesis Gravidarum , Neurology , Cerebrovascular Disorders/complicationsSubject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology , Siderosis/complications , Audiometry , Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Siderosis/diagnosisABSTRACT
The first case of an infant with a dual genetic diagnosis of CHARGE and Marfan syndrome is reported here. The patient had multiple congenital anamolies, many of them consistent with CHARGE syndrome and genetic testing identified a heterozygous mutation c.3806_11del6insA in the CHD7 gene. In addition, his father had physical features consistent with Marfan syndrome. Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) mutation screening identified a heterozygous c.3990insC mutation in both father and the patient.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Central Nervous System Diseases/genetics , Choanal Atresia/complications , Choanal Atresia/genetics , Coloboma/complications , Coloboma/genetics , DNA Helicases/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Marfan Syndrome/genetics , Microfilament Proteins/genetics , Mouth Diseases/complications , Mouth Diseases/genetics , Point Mutation/genetics , Spinal Diseases/complications , Spinal Diseases/genetics , Syndrome , Vestibular Diseases/complications , Vestibular Diseases/geneticsABSTRACT
The acute neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a kind of pulmonary edema that occurs as a result of a variety of injuries of the central nervous system. Usually it is underdiagnosed. It has been reported in many diseases and direct injuries of the central nervous system. We present the clinical case of a middle age women with a neurogenic pulmonary edema secondary to a epileptic seizure. We made a review of the literature with special emphasis on clinical implications and treatment.
El edema pulmonar agudo neurogénico (EPN) es un tipo de edema pulmonar que ocurre como consecuencia de una variada gama de lesiones del sistema nervioso central. Generalmente es subdiagnosticado. Se ha reportado en múltiples patologías y lesiones directas del sistema nervioso central. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de mediana edad, con edema pulmonar agudo secundario a una crisis convulsiva epiléptica. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura con especial énfasis en las implicancias clínicas y tratamiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/complications , Central Nervous System Diseases/complicationsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the profile of children with central diabetes insipidus (DI) and identify factors indicating organic etiology. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital. SUBJECTS: Fifty-nine children with central DI (40 boys, 19 girls). METHODS: Features of organic and idiopathic central DI were compared using students t test and chi square test. Odds ratio was calculated for factors indicating organic etiology. RESULTS: Diagnosis included post-operative central DI (13, 22%), central nervous system (CNS) malformations (5, 8.6% holoprosencephaly 4 and hydrocephalus 1), histiocytosis (11, 18.6%), CNS pathology (11, 18.6%; craniopharyngioma 3, empty sella 2, germinoma 2, neuro-tuberculosis 2, arachnoid cyst 1 and glioma 1) and idiopathic central DI (19, 32.2%). Children with organic central DI were diagnosed later (7.8+/- 3.1 years against 5.3+/-2.4 years, P=0.03) and had lower height standard deviation score (-2.7+/-1.0 versus -1.0+/- 1.0, P<0.001) compared to idiopathic group. A greater proportion of children with organic central DI had short stature (81.8% against 10.5%, P <0.001, odds ratio 38.25), neurological features (45.5% against 0%, p 0.009) and anterior pituitary hormone deficiency (81.8% against 5.3%, P<0.001, odds ratio 81) compared to idiopathic group. A combination of short stature and onset after five years of age led to discrimination of organic central DI from idiopathic group in all cases. CONCLUSION: Organic central DI should be suspected in children presenting after the age of five years with growth retardation and features of anterior pituitary deficiency.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Child , Child, Preschool , Diabetes Insipidus/diagnosis , Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
El dolor neuropático tiene características semiológicas que facilitan su sospecha y diagnóstico, pero en ocasiones este no es fácil y tiende catalogarse como dolor neuropático, algunos dolores nociceptivos refractarios. Se requiere como pilar del diagnóstico la presencia de una enfermedad neurológica de base, ya sea periférica o central, que en general posee mecanismos fisiopatológicos múltiples, pero poco definidos. El manejo terapéutico si bien involucra múltiples alternativas de tratamiento, es difícil, con un número importante de pacientes con respuesta parcial o refractarios, lo cual plantea la necesidad de equipos multidisciplinarios para su manejo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Pain/diagnosis , Pain/etiology , Pain/therapy , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo es valorar las alteraciones biomecánicas que conllevan a desequilibrios musculares, causadas principalmente por hipoactividad o hiperactividad muscular y movilidad articular limitada. Material y método: Se realiza una propuesta de evaluación que involucra tres aspectos relacionados, que son: Una modificación de la pauta original hecha para pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares, desarrollada por el Dr. Prof. Mariano Rocabado. Aspectos de la evaluación orofacial, que es un segmento perteneciente al curso básico de Evaluación y tratamiento de la hemiplejia del adulto, Bobath, y la Evaluación muscular de Daniels-Worthingham's para músculos mandibulares y cervico-torácicos. Se evaluaron 13 pacientes adultos, secuelados de Parálisis Cerebral Espástica (PCE), Accidente Cerebrovascular (ACV), Traumatismo Encefalocraneano (TEC), Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) y Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP), pertenecientes a Centros de neurorehabilitación especializados (Fundación Alterego/Centro Los Coihues). Conclusiones: El grupo de pacientes con mayor compromiso neurológico (ELA, ACV hemorrágico y PCE) son los más comprometidos, en cuanto a debilidad de grupos musculares estabilizadores cervicales (principalmenete Esternocleidomasteoideo), grado funcional moderado de pterigoideos interno y externo, aumento de tono en masetero y temporal (no mensurable aún, pero inferido por la menor apertura bucal), y alteraciones posturales cervicotoracicas, de preferencia.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Mandibular Diseases/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Masticatory Muscles/physiopathology , Brain Stem/physiopathology , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Debido a que la musculatura cráneo-cervico-mandibular está involucrada en importantes actos motores como la deglución, en donde la respiración y masticación forman parte esencial de este proceso, y que dentro de la neurorehabilitación ha sido muy poco explorada, es importante considerar y ampliar el conocimiento relacionado, principalmente enfocado a las relaciones musculares y biomecánicas, como también, la importancia funcional existente en pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas, en donde estas funciones pueden estar alteradas. Las posibles patologías son : Parálisis Cerebral Espástica (PCE), Traumatismo Encefalocraneano (TEC), Accidente Cerebrovascular (ACV), Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA), y Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Por lo tanto, puede realizarse una comparación similar entre el control motor de las estructuras craneales y el de los miembros y el eje del cuerpo. Por otra parte, el nervio trigémino se encarga de parte importante del sistema estomatognático y su organización funcional es similar a las de las vías ascendentes de la médula espinal. Su orígen se encuentra en el tronco encefálico. El presente estudio se dividirá en dos partes: la primera consiste en el conocimiento de la anatomía y fisiología de la región craneo-cervico-mandibular y la segunda parte señala la importancia de las relaciones biomecánicas y las patologías involucradas. La tercera y cuarta parte serán publicadas en ediciones próximas, las cuales consisten en aporte clínico en la patología craneo-cervico-mandibular, y la realización de un caso clínico con un paciente perteneciente al Centro de neurorehabilitación Los Coihues.
Subject(s)
Humans , Jaw Diseases/etiology , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Masticatory Muscles/anatomy & histology , Masticatory Muscles/physiology , Masticatory Muscles/physiopathology , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Brain Stem , Biomechanical Phenomena , Motor Cortex , Posture , Stomatognathic System/anatomy & histology , Stomatognathic System/physiology , Stomatognathic System/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is an uncommon genodermatosis that usually occurs in female infants. It is characterized by ectodermal, mesodermal, neurological, ocular, and dental manifestations. The aim of this study was to clarify clinical symptoms, accompanying diseases, and complications of IP. Forty cases of IP have been reviewed by their medical records, laboratory data, clinical photographs, and telephone survey. Male-to-female ratio was 1 to 19 and their onsets were mostly in utero. They were usually diagnosed during the neonatal period owing to their early expression of skin manifestation. Central nervous system anomalies were found in 46.7%. Ocular disorders and dental defects were detected in 66.7% and 72.7% respectively. The most commonly diagnosed anomalies were hypodontia, retinopathy, and seizure. For better understanding of IP, long term and close cooperation between dermatologists, pediatricians, neuroscientists, genentic counselors, and even dentists is crucial.
Subject(s)
Male , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Stomatognathic Diseases/complications , Skin Diseases/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Korea , Incontinentia Pigmenti/diagnosis , Eye Diseases/complications , Eosinophilia/complications , Central Nervous System Diseases/complicationsABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O relato inclui sete casos de pacientes com dor neuropática crônica não-oncológica que não haviam obtido resultados satisfatórios com os tratamentos clássicos com antidepressivos tricíclicos e anticonvulsivantes. O uso da metadona, opióide sintético, semelhante à morfina, por via oral, é referido como alternativa no tratamento da dor neuropática pela sua ação antagonista não-competitiva sobre os receptores NMDA. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o uso da metadona no tratamento de pacientes portadores de dores crônicas de origem neuropática não-oncológica que não melhoraram com os tratamentos clássicos. RELATO DOS CASOS: São apresentados sete casos nos quais a dose de metadona foi titulada em consultas subseqüentes e as variáveis escore da intensidade álgica segundo a escala de faces, efeitos colaterais e melhora da capacidade funcional foram analisados no 1°, 7°, 14°, 30° e 180° dias após o início do uso da medicação. Houve redução do escore da intensidade álgica e a ocorrência de efeitos colaterais como constipação, sedação, náuseas, cefaléia e insônia. Não foram observados efeitos colaterais do tipo euforia, sudorese, mioclonias, retenção urinária, redução de libido e depressão respiratória. CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes apresentaram resposta que foi considerada satisfatória ao uso da medicação, em baixas doses; controle dos efeitos colaterais com medidas simples e melhora representativa da capacidade funcional. A inclusão da metadona, nas condições deste estudo, mostrou-se uma opção eficaz, segura e de baixo custo, para o tratamento das dores de origem neuropáticas não-oncológicas.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Pain/etiology , Pain/drug therapy , Methadone/pharmacology , Methadone/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Diversas doenças desmielinizantes podem ocorrer em crianças, sendo muitas vezes o diagnóstico diferencial entre elas difícil. Critérios diagnósticos têm sido propostos para algumas destas entidades, entretanto nenhum deles pode ser considerado definitivo. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o caso de um paciente de 10 anos de idade, com quadro recorrente de neurite óptica bilateral e mielopatia. Os dados clínicos e liquóricos preencheram critérios para o diagnóstico de neuromielite óptica de Devic. O diagnóstico diferencial foi especialmente difícil em relação à esclerose múltipla, pois não apenas os nervos ópticos e medula foram acometidos, visto que em um dos surtos registrou-se hemiparesia, com acometimento facial. A ressonância magnética foi também compatível com esclerose múltipla. Este caso ilustra que pacientes com doenças desmielinizantes do SNC podem preencher critérios diagnósticos para mais de uma delas, o que torna o julgamento clínico uma ferramenta ainda importante na abordagem e condução clínica destes casos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Neuromyelitis Optica/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Central Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Neuromyelitis Optica/complications , Neuromyelitis Optica/drug therapy , RecurrenceABSTRACT
In India and other less developed countries the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis is frequently difficult because several other prevalent neurological disorders can present with a similar clinical and neuroimaging picture. Currently available international criteria seem to be helpful for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis, however, these criteria have been criticized for not being effective in differentiating several other infective and neoplastic diseases of central nervous system (CNS), like CNS tuberculosis, from neurocysticercosis. In this article, modifications in the recent diagnostic criteria given by Del Brutto et al (2001) are being suggested, so, it can become more suitable for Indian patients. In India the overwhelming majority of patients with neurocysticercosis have either single enhancing or less frequently multiple enhancing CT lesions. Imaging and clinical features of various infective conditions, like tuberculoma, fungal granuloma, and parasitic granuloma, and of neoplastic conditions like cerebral metastasis, are remarkably similar. Keeping this in mind, the modification suggested in this article is to replace epidemiological criteria with the section diagnosis of neurocysticercosis with caution in certain situations. These situations are middle or old age, evidence of pre-existing tuberculosis or malignancy, pre-existing HIV infection and in patients with grossly abnormal neurological examination. In these situations, in the absence of one of the absolute criteria, it should be essential to consider and exclude all other likely possibilities before making a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. However, because of the high prevalence of several disorders with similar features it is difficult to make reliable diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis, which are easy to use, and have a high specificity and sensitivity.
Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Diseases/complications , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis , Developing Countries , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , India , Infections/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neurocysticercosis/complications , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
O objetivo deste ensaio foi avaliar as repercussoes tardias dos disturbios...