Uso del músculo temporal en reconstrucción periorbitaria post exéresis de carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo del globo ocular izquierdo / Use of the temporal muscle in post exeresis periorbital reconstruction of cutaneous epidermoid carcinoma of the left eyeball

Introducción. El carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo (CEC) es la segunda neoplasia cutánea más frecuente después del carcinoma basocelular. La incidencia del CEC ha aumentado de forma considerable durante los últimos 20 años y predicen un incremento en la próxima década. La mayoría de los CEC están localizados y se resuelven habitualmente mediante la extirpación quirúrgica u otros procedimientos locales. El uso del músculo temporal es una alternativa quirúrgica para corregir el defecto periorbitario tras la extirpación del CEC. Objetivo. Evaluar el resultado de la cobertura del músculo temporal en la corrección del defecto periorbitario. Material y métodos. Se presenta un caso quirúrgico de un paciente masculino, 62 años, que presenta una gran lesión tumoral que compromete el globo ocular, región orbitaria y periorbitaria izquierda, acompañado de dolor, anemia, astenia y pérdida ponderal de aproximadamente 20 libras. Con una evolución de 6 años. Conclusión. El uso del músculo temporal es una alternativa eficaz en la reconstrucción de lesiones craneofaciales, que ha sido utilizado por más de 100 años.

Introduction. Skin epidermoid carcinoma (SEC) is the second most common skin neoplasm after basal cell carcinoma. The incidence of SEC has increased considerably over the past 20 years and predicts an increase over the next decade. Most SECs are located and usually resolved by surgical removal or other local procedures. The use of the temporal muscle is a surgical alternative to correct the peri-orbital defect after removal of the SEC. Objective. To evaluate the result of temporal muscle coverage in the correction of the peri-orbital defect. Material and methods. There is a surgical case of a male patient, 62 years old who has a large tumor injury that compromises the eyeball, orbital region and left periorbital. Accompanied by pain, anemia, asthenia, and weight loss approximately 20 pounds. With an evolution of 6 years. Conclusion. The use of the temporalis muscle is an effective alternative in the reconstruction of craniofacial lesions that has been used for more than 100 years

Carcinoma de células escamosas (cce) em cão na região prepucial: relato de caso / Squamous cell carcinoma (scc) in dog in the preputial region: case report / Carcinoma de células escamosas (cce) en perro de la región prepucial: reporte de un caso

A expectativa de vida dos animais de companhia vem aumentando devido as mudanças comportamentais e de cuidados dos tutores. Em analogia, com as idades cada vez mais avançadas, é comum o desenvolvimento de doenças associadas, sendo o tumor o mais comum entre elas. Todavia, as neoplasias mais comuns na clínica de pequenos animais estão associadas ao sistema tegumentar. O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE), ou carcinoma espinocelular, é uma neoplasia de epitélio, maligno, de crescimento lento e de baixo potencial metastático. Sua etiologia ainda não é precisamente conhecida e a causa exógena mais comum e descrita pela literatura é a exposição à luz ultravioleta, gerando consequentes lesões nas estruturas genéticas e imunogênicas na pele. Além disso, essas lesões apresentam-se de forma mais comum em animais de pelagem clara, com grande exposição solar e em área anatômicas hipopigmentadas. O prognóstico varia de acordo com a localização e o estágio clínico, sendo favorável o diagnóstico realizado precocemente, e o tratamento consiste na avaliação clínica seguida do protocolo adequado O presente relato de caso tem como objetivo principal reunir e discutir informações associadas sobre o carcinoma de células escamosas em caninos e felinos, abordando aspectos clínicos e patológicos, a fim de facilitar o raciocínio sobre o CCE, desde sua abordagem inicial, até seu diagnóstico final e estadiamento.(AU)

The life expectancy of companion animals has been increasing due to behavioral and care changes of the guardians. In analogy, with the increasingly advanced ages, the development of associated diseases is common, the tumor being the most common among them. However, the most common neoplasms in the small animal clinic are associated with the integumentary system. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), or squamous cell carcinoma, is a malignant, slow-growing, low-potential metastatic epithelial neoplasm. Its etiology is not yet precisely known and the most common exogenous cause described by the literature is exposure to ultraviolet light, generating consequent lesions on the genetic and immunogenic structures in the skin. In addition, these lesions are more common in light-haired animals, with high exposure to the sun, and in hypopigmented anatomical areas. The prognosis varies according to the location and clinical stage, being favorable to the early diagnosis, and the treatment consists in the clinical evaluation followed by the appropriate protocol. The present case report has as its main objective to gather and discuss associated information about squamous cell carcinoma in canines and cats, addressing clinical and pathological aspects, in order to facilitate the reasoning about the CCE, from its initial approach, to its final diagnosis and staging.(AU)

La esperanza de vida de los animales de compañía ha ido en aumento debido a los cambios de comportamiento y cuidado de los guardianes. Por analogía, con las edades cada vez más avanzadas, el desarrollo de enfermedades asociadas es común, siendo el tumor el más común entre ellos. Sin embargo, las neoplasias más comunes en la clínica de animales pequeños se asocian con el sistema tegumentario. El carcinoma epidermoide (CCE), o carcinoma epidermoide, es una neoplasia epitelial metastásica maligna de crecimiento lento y bajo potencial. Su etiología aún no se conoce con precisión y la causa exógena más común descrita por la literatura es la exposición a la luz ultravioleta, generando lesiones consecuentes en las estructuras genéticas e inmunogénicas de la piel. Además, estas lesiones son más comunes en animales de pelo claro, con alta exposición al sol, y en áreas anatómicas hipopigmentadas. El pronóstico varía según la localización y el estadio clínico, siendo favorable al diagnóstico precoz, y el tratamiento consiste en la evaluación clínica seguida del protocolo adecuado. El presente reporte de caso tiene como objetivo principal reunir y discutir información asociada sobre el carcinoma epidermoide en caninos y gatos, abordando aspectos clínicos y patológicos, con el fin de facilitar el razonamiento sobre el CCE, desde su abordaje inicial, hasta su diagnóstico final y estadificación.(AU)

Abordaje quirúrgico primario en un paciente con eritroplasia de Queyrat / Primary surgical approach to a patient with erythroplasia of Queyrat

Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 52 años que se presentó a la consulta de urología con historia de dos años de notar una lesión en el glande y el prepucio, de color rojo brillante, pruriginosa y dolorosa con aumento progresivo del tamaño que no mejoró con tratamientos antibióticos y anti fúngicos. Intervención terapéutica. Se realizó una glandectomía parcial con injerto de piel de muslo. Evolución clínica. Luego de un mes, el injerto presentó un 95 % de acoplamiento. No se observó recurrencia local de cáncer. El estudio histopatológico reportó un carcinoma escamoso invasor en la lesión del prepucio y en la piel del glande, con todos los márgenes quirúrgicos, limites laterales y profundos, negativos a malignidad. Luego de ocho meses posquirúrgicos, se observó el recubrimiento del glande con un adecuado resultado estético, con apariencia similar a la cubierta natural

Case presentation. A A 52-year-old male patient presented to the urology office with a two-year history of noticing a bright red, pruritic, and painful lesion on the glans and foreskin with a progressive increase in size that did not improve with antibiotic and antifungal treatments. Treatment. Partial glandectomy with thigh skin graft was performed. Outcome. After After one month, the graft presented a 95 % of coupling. No local recurrence of cancer was observed. The histopathological study reported invasive squamous cell carcinoma in the lesion of the foreskin and glans skin, with all surgical margins, lateral and deep limits, negative for malignancy. After eight months post-surgery, the covering of the glans was observed with an appropriate esthetic result, with a similar appearance to the natural covering

Les cancers gynécologiques en pratique oncologique à Lomé / Gynecological cancer in oncology practice in Lomé

Introduction. Les cancers gynécologiques constituent un problème majeur de santé publique dans le monde. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la fréquence des cancers gynécologiques en pratique oncologique à Lomé et d'en étudier les aspects épidémiologiques et histo-cliniques. Méthodes. Il s'agitd'une étude rétrospective et descriptive portant sur tous les cancers gynécologiques reçus en oncologie entre le 1erJanvier 2016 et le 31 Décembre 2021. Résultats. Au total 202 cas de cancers gynécologiques ont été enregistrés. L'âge moyen des patientes était de 54 ans avec des extrêmes de 20 et 88 ans. Les cancers les plus fréquents étaient le cancer du col utérin (n=88; 43,6%), du corps utérin (n= 57; 28,3%) et de l'ovaire (n= 35; 17,4%). Le carcinome épidermoïde était le type histologique le plus fréquent dans le cancer du col (n= 86; 97,7%) tandis que les cancers du corps de l'utérus étaient majoritairement des adénocarcinomes (n=46 ; 80,7 %). Tous les cancers de la vulve et du vagin étaient des carcinomes épidermoïdes et la majorité des cancers de l'ovaire était des tumeurs épithéliales (n=29 ; 82,9%). Les deux-tiers des patients o été diagnostiqué à un stade avancé (stade III et IV) (n=134 ; 66,3%). Conclusion. Les cancers gynécologiques sont fréquents dans notre pratique et majoritairement diagnostiqués à un stade tardif. Cette étude souligne la nécessité d'une détection précoce de ces affections afin d'améliorer le pronostic des patientes.

Introduction. Gynecological cancers are an important public health problem worldwide. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological features of gynecological cancer in clinical oncology practice in Lomé. Methods. This was a retrospective study of histopathological confirmed gynecological malignancies conducted in the department of oncology from January 2016 to December 2021. Results. A total of 202 cases were identified. The mean age of patients was 54years [range20-88years]. The most common gynecological malignancy was cervical cancer (n=88 ; 43.6%), followed by uterine corpus cancer (n= 57 ; 28.3%) and ovarian cancer (n= 35 ; 17.4%). The most common histopathological diagnosis of cervical cancer was squamous cell carcinoma (n= 86 ; 97.7%) while most corpus uterine cancers were endometrioid adenocarcinoma (n= 46 ; 80.7 %). Vulval and vagina cancers were squamous cell carcinoma and the majority of ovarian cancers were epithelial tumours (n= 29 ; 82.9%). Two-thirds of patients were diagnosed at the advanced stage (stage III et IV) (n= 134 ; 66.3%). Conclusion. Gynecologic cancers are common in our practice. This study emphasizes the necessity of early detection of these diseases to improve prognostic and patient survival

Relação da infecção do papiloma vírus humano (HPV) com a apresentação de carcinomas de células escamosas de regiões da orofaringe / Relationship of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with the presentation of squamous cell carcinomas from regions of the oropharynx

O papiloma vírus humano (HPV) é classificado como uma doença sexualmente transmissível, sendo esse vírus de DNA de fita dupla associado convencionalmente ao câncer de colo de útero, entretanto, em estudos mais recentes esse vírus também foi associado ao carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe (CCEO). Nesse sentido, essa re-visão sistemática tem como objetivo mostrar a relação entre o HPV e o CCEO. Dessa forma, foram utilizadas as bases de dados PubMed, The Cochrane Library, BioOne, Lilacs e Scielo com artigos publicados no período entre janeiro de 2010 e junho de 2020 com publicações nos idiomas: português, espanhol e inglês, respeitando os cri-térios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram considerados elegíveis 11 artigos que apresentaram a relação com a infecção de orofaringe e com o HPV. Apesar do alto número de artigos encontrados pela busca da relação com o HPV com neoplasias em diferentes regiões do corpo, foi possível compreender a relação presente entre o CCEO e a infecção causada pelo HPV através de um modelo de estratificação PRISMA. Assim, foi demonstrado, além da presença dessa relação, a necessidade de métodos diagnósticos mais rápidos, acessíveis e eficazes para apresentação correta entre patologia e fator etiológico. (AU)

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is classified as a sexually transmitted disease, in which this double-stranded DNA virus is often associated with cervical cancer. However, in more recent studies, this virus has also been associated with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, this systematic review aims to show the relationship between HPV and CCEO. Thus, Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Bioone, Lilacs and Scielo databases were used with articles published between January 2010 and June 2020 encompassing publications in Portuguese, Spanish and English, respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of eleven articles that presented a relationship with oropharyngeal infection and HPV were considered eligible. Despite the high number of articles found by the search for the association between HPV and neoplasms in different regions of the body, it was possible to understand the association between CCEO and the infection caused by HPV, through a PRISMA stratification model. Thus, it was demonstrated, in addition to the presence of this association, the need for faster, more accessible and effective diagnostic methods for the correct presentation of pathology and etiological factor. (AU)

La videolaringoscopia es una alternativa segura en el paciente despierto con vía aérea difícil anticipada. Reporte de Caso / Videolaryngoscopy is a Safe Alternative in Awake Patients with Anticipated Difficult Airway. Case Report / A videolaringoscopia é uma alternativa segura no paciente acordado com via aérea difícil antecipada. Relato de caso

Introducción. El manejo de la vía aérea difícil anticipada es un reto anestésico que supone la valoración preoperatoria de las características anatómicas y los factores de riesgo específicos del paciente. La intubación difícil se presenta en 1.6 de 1,000 eventos y la intubación fallida en 0.06 de 1,000 eventos. El objetivo de este reporte es mostrar la importancia del uso de dispositivos (específicamente videolaringoscopio) en pacientes con predicción de vía aérea difícil. Presentación del caso. Hombre de 63 años con gran masa facial con extensión a nariz, labio superior, erosión a nivel del maxilar superior que ocupaba cavidad oral, con predictores de ventilación e intubación difícil, programado para rinectomía, osteotomía Lefort II, reconstrucción y traqueostomía, con intubación exitosa con videolaringoscopio en primer intento bajo sedación consciente y ventilación espontánea. Discusión. La vía aérea difícil es un escenario relacionado a factores externos e internos del paciente y a complicaciones pre e intraoperatorias. El videolaringoscopio es una herramienta útil que permite la intubación exitosa y disminuye los posibles eventos adversos (como se observó en el paciente del caso presentado) y es descrito en diferentes reportes de casos con compromiso parcial o total de la vía aérea. Conclusión. La videolaringoscopia, en casos de vía aérea difícil anticipada, está asociada con un menor tiempo de intubación, un buen perfil de seguridad y una alta tasa de éxito, comparable a la del fibrobroncoscopio, se logra la intubación en el primer intento en la mayoría de las veces y, por ello, debería considerarse como primera opción.

Introduction. Management of an anticipated difficult airway is an anesthetic challenge that involves preoperative assessment of the patient's specific anatomic characteristics and risk factors. Difficult intubation occurs in 1.6 of 1,000 events and failed intubation in 0.06 of 1,000 events. The objective of this report is to show the importance of the use of devices (specifically videolaryngoscope) in patients with predicted difficult airway. Case Presentation. 63-year-old man with large facial mass with extensión to the nose, upper lip, erosion at the level of the upper jaw occupying the oral cavity, with predictors of ventilation and difficult intubation, scheduled for rhinectomy, Lefort II osteotomy, reconstruction and tracheostomy, with successful intubation with videolaryngoscope on the first attempt under conscious sedation and spontaneous ventilation. Discussion. Difficult airway is a scenario related to external and internal patient factors and to pre- and intraoperative complications. The videolaryngoscope is a useful tool that allows successful intubation and decreases possible adverse events (as observed in the patient of the case presented) and is described in different reports of cases with partial or total airway compromise. Conclusion. Videolaryngoscopy, in cases of anticipated difficult airway, is associated with a shorter intubation time, a good safety profile and a high success rate, comparable to that of fibrobronchoscopy, intubation is achieved on the first attempt in most cases and should therefore be considered as a first choice.

Introdução. O manejo da via aérea difícil antecipada é um desafio anestésico que envolve a avaliação pré-operatória das características anatômicas e dos fatores de risco específicos do paciente. A intubação difícil ocorre em 1.6 de 1,000 eventos e a intubação falha em 0.06 de 1,000 eventos. O objetivo deste relato é mostrar a importância do uso de dispositivos (especificamente videolaringoscópio) em pacientes com previsão de via aérea difícil. Apresentação do caso. Homem de 63 anos com grande massa facial estendendo-se ao nariz, lábio superior e erosão ao nível do maxilar superior que ocupava a cavidade oral, com preditores de ventilação e intubação difícil, programado para rinectomia, osteotomia Lefort II, reconstrução e traqueostomia, com intubação bem-sucedida, com videolaringoscópio na primeira tentativa sob sedação consciente e ventilação espontânea. Discussão. A via aérea difícil é um cenário relacionado a fatores externos e internos do paciente e a complicações pré e intraoperatórias. O videolaringoscópio é uma ferramenta útil que permite o sucesso da intubação e reduz possíveis eventos adversos (como observado no paciente do caso apresentado) e está descrito em diversos relatos de casos com comprometimento parcial ou total da via aérea. Conclusão. A videolaringoscopia, em casos de via aérea difícil antecipada, está associada a um menor tempo de intubação, um bom perfil de segurança e uma alta taxa de sucesso, comparável à fibrobroncoscopia, a intubação é realizada na primeira tentativa na maioria dos casos e, portanto, deve ser considerada como a primeira opção.

Metástasis cutánea metacrónica de carcinoma escamoso de canal anal / Methachronical cutaneous metastasis of squamous carcinoma of the anal canal / Metástase cutânea metacronica de carcinoma escamoso do canal anal

El tratamiento correcto de carcinoma escamoso avanzado requiere de un manejo multidisciplinar entre cirujanos, anatomopatólogos, radioterapeutas y radiólogos. Los protocolos están claros cuando nos hallamos ante una enfermedad localizada, sin embargo, cuando la enfermedad es metastática no existe evidencia científica de los pasos a seguir. Presentamos una paciente con un carcinoma escamoso del ano con una única metástasis cutánea metacrónica que fue tratada con cirugía y radioterapia posterior con buena respuesta.

The right therapy of anal cancer needs a multidisciplinary management of surgeons, pathologists, radiotherapists and radiologist. The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal is well-known when the patient presents a locally disease, nevertheless, there is a lack of information with the advanced anal cancer. We report a case of a 74-year-old woman with a solitary methachronical cutaneous metastasis of anal cancer which responded perfectly to surgery and radiotherapy.

A correta terapêutica do câncer anal necessita de uma gestão multidisciplinar de cirurgiões, patologistas, radio terapeutas e radiologistas.O tratamento do carcinoma espinocelular do canal anal é bem conhecido quando o paciente apresenta uma doença local, porém, há uma falta de informação sobre o câncer anal avançado. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 74 anos com metástase cutânea metacrônica solitária de câncer anal que respondeu perfeitamente à cirurgia e à radioterapia.

Caracterización de pacientes con cáncer ocular en un hospital de Santiago de Cuba / Characterization of patients with eye cancer in a hospital from Santiago de Cuba i: en

Introducción: La neoplasia ocular puede afectar el ojo, los anexos y la órbita. El tratamiento eficaz depende de un diagnóstico precoz, presuntivo y certero. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes con cáncer ocular según variables de interés. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de 58 pacientes con tumor maligno ocular, confirmado mediante biopsia, atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica Ocular del Centro Oftalmológico del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde octubre del 2015 hasta igual periodo del 2020. Se utilizó la media para las variables cuantitativas. Resultados: En la serie la edad media fue de 62,49 años; primaron el sexo masculino (51,7 %) y el color de la piel mestizo (53,4 %). La localización más frecuente de las lesiones tumorales en los anexos fue en los párpados (53,4 %) y la conjuntiva (41,4 %). Los tipos histológicos predominantes fueron carcinoma basocelular palpebral (44,8 %) y carcinoma epidermoide de la conjuntiva (41,4 %). La estadificación del tumor se estableció: T1 en 47 pacientes, T2 y T3 en 4, así como T4 en 3. Conclusiones: El control del cáncer ocular es de suma importancia, pues permite trazar estrategias para el diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento adecuado de los pacientes.

Introduction: The ocular neoplasm can affect the eye, annexes and orbit. The effective treatment depends on an early, presumptive and accurate diagnosis. Objective: To characterize patients with eye cancer according to variables of interest. Method: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study of 58 patients with eye malignancy confirmed by means of biopsy was carried out. They were assisted in the Ocular Plastic Surgery Service of the Ophthalmologic Center at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from October, 2015 to the same period in 2020. The mean was used for the quantitative variables. Results: In the series the mean age was of 62.49 years; there was a prevalence of the male sex (51.7 %) and the mixed race color of the skin (53.4 %). The most frequent localization of the tumoral lesions in the annexes was in the lids (53.4 %) and the conjunctive (41.4 %). The predominant histologic types were palpebral basal cell carcinoma (44.8 %) and squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctive (41.4 %). The estadification of the tumor was established: T1 en 47 patients, T2 and T3 in 4, as well as T4 in 3. Conclusions: The control of the eye cancer is very important, because it allows to trace strategies for the early diagnosis and the appropriate treatment of patients.

Prognostic value of pre-operative peripheral inflammation markers in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal / Valor prognóstico dos marcadores de inflamação periférica pré-operatórios em pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular do meato acústico externo

Abstract Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal is a rare entity. Previous studies have suggested predictors for tumor recurrence. However, most of the prognostic factors were from the clinicopathological aspect. Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation between pre-operative peripheral inflammation markers and survival outcomes, in order to identify prognostic biomarkers for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal who underwent surgery at our institute. The pre-operative circulating inflammatory markers, such as the neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, and monocyte counts were measured and their ratios including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio were calculated. The prognostic value of the measured hematologic parameters in relation to the survival outcomes was also evaluated. Results: A total of 83 patients were included, of which 26 patients showed tumor recurrence and 57 without recurrence. Neutrophil counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were closely connected with tumor stage. In the patients with recurrence, neutrophil counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were elevated (p< 0.0001, p< 0.0001 and p = 0.001), while lymphocyte counts and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio were decreased (p = 0.013 and p = 0.016, respectively). The receiver operating curve analysis indicated that pre-operative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a potential prognostic marker for recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal (area under curve = 0.816), and the cut-off points was 2.325. Conclusions: Pre-operative neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte are significantly correlated with tumor recurrence in patients with external auditory canal squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may be unfavorable prognostic factors of this disease.

Resumo Introdução: O carcinoma espinocelular do meato acústico externo é uma doença rara. Estudos anteriores sugeriram preditores de recorrência do tumor. Entretanto, a maioria dos fatores prognósticos se originou do aspecto clínico-patológico. Objetivo: Analisar a correlação entre marcadores inflamatórios periféricos pré-operatórios e os desfechos de sobrevida e identificar biomarcadores prognósticos para pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular do meato acústico externo. Método: Analisamos retrospectivamente pacientes com diagnóstico de carcinoma espinocelular do meato acústico externo submetidos à cirurgia em nosso instituto. Os marcadores inflamatórios circulantes pré-operatórios, como as contagens de neutrófilos, linfócitos, plaquetas e monócitos, foram medidos e as suas relações calculadas, inclusive as relações neutrófilos/linfócitos, plaquetas/linfócitos e linfócitos/monócitos. O valor prognóstico dos parâmetros hematológicos medidos em relação aos desfechos de sobrevida também foi avaliado. Resultados: Foram incluídos 83 pacientes, entre os quais 26 apresentaram recorrência tumoral e 57 não apresentaram. A contagem de neutrófilos e a relação neutrófilo/linfócito estavam intimamente associadas ao estágio do tumor. Nos pacientes com recorrência, a contagem de neutrófilos, a relação neutrófilos/linfócitos e a relação plaquetas/linfócitos eram elevadas (p < 0,0001, p > 0,0001 e p = 0,001), enquanto a contagem de linfócitos e a relação linfócitos/monócitos estavam diminuídas (p = 0,012 ep = 0,016, respectivamente). A análise da curva, Receiver Operating Characteristic, indicou que a relação neutrófilos/linfócitos pré-operatória era um potencial marcador prognóstico para a recorrência de carcinoma espinocelular do meato acústico externo (Área sob a curva = 0,816) e o ponto de corte foi de 2,325. Conclusão: A contagem pré-operatória de neutrófilos e linfócitos, as relações neutrófilos/linfócitos, plaquetas/linfócitos e linfócitos/monócitos estão significativamente correlacionadas com a recorrência do tumor em pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular do meato acústico externo. Além disso, a relação neutrófilos/linfócitos pode ser um fator prognóstico desfavorável dessa doença.

Carcinoma of the posterior wall of the hypopharynx: surgical treatment with larynx preservation / Carcinoma da parede posterior da hipofaringe: tratamento cirúrgico com preservação da laringe

Abstract Introduction: Posterior pharyngeal wall is the most rare subsite for hypopharyngeal carcinomas. Because of its rarity, there are few studies published in the literature specifically concerning posterior pharyngeal wall carcinoma. Objectives: To report our functional results in patients with the carcinoma of the posterior wall of the hypopharynx after surgical treatment by resection via a lateral or infrahyoid pharyngotomy approach, with the preservation of the larynx and reconstruction with a radial forearm free flap. Methods: The study included 10 patients who underwent surgery for a carcinoma of the posterior wall of the hypopharynx over a 6 year period. The associated postoperative morbidity was investigated and functional results were analyzed. Results: Nine patients had T3 lesions and one patient had a T2 lesion. The preferred approach to access the hypopharynx was a lateral pharyngotomy in 5 patients and lateral pharyngotomy combined with infrahyoid pharyngotomy in 5 patients with superior extension to oropharynx. The pharyngeal defects were reconstructed successfully with radial forearm free flaps. Four patients received adjuvant radiotherapy only, and 4 patients with N2b and N2c neck diseases received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The mean duration of hospitalization was 15.6 days (range, 10-21 days). All patients achieved oral intake in a median time of 74 days (range, 15-180). Decannulation was achieved in all patients and the median time fordecannulation was 90 (range, 21-300 days). The mean followup duration was 38.3 months (range, 10-71 months) and 8 patients survived. One patient died due to regional recurrence in the retropharyngeal lymph nodes and 1 patient died due to systemic metastasis. Conclusion: Primary surgery is still a very effective treatment modality for the carcinoma of the posterior wall of the hypopharynx and does not permanently compromise the swallowing and laryngeal functions if pharyngeal reconstruction is performed with a free flap.

Resumo Introdução: A parede posterior da faringe é o subsítio mais raro para carcinomas hipofaríngeos. Devido à sua raridade, há poucos estudos publicados na literatura especificamente sobre o carcinoma da parede posterior da faringe. Objetivo: Relatar nossos resultados funcionais em pacientes com carcinoma da parede posterior da hipofaringe após tratamento cirúrgico por ressecção via faringotomia lateral ou infra-hióidea, com preservação da laringe e reconstrução com retalho livre radial do antebraço. Método: O estudo incluiu 10 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia para carcinoma da parede posterior da hipofaringe por 6 anos. A morbidade pós-operatória associada foi investigada e os resultados funcionais foram analisados. Resultados: Nove pacientes apresentaram lesões T3 e um paciente apresentou lesão T2. Avia preferida para acessar a hipofaringe foi a faringotomia lateral em 5 pacientes e a faringotomia lateral combinada com a faringotomia infra-hióidea em 5 pacientes com extensão superior até a orofaringe. Os defeitos faríngeos foram reconstruídos com sucesso com retalhos livres radiais do antebraço. Quatro pacientes receberam apenas radioterapia adjuvante e 4 pacientes com doença cervical N2b e N2c receberam quimiorradioterapia adjuvante. A duração média da hospitalização foi de 15,6 dias (variação de 10 a 21 dias). Todos os pacientes retornaram à ingestão oral em um tempo médio de 74 dias (variação de 15 a 180). A decanulação foi possível para todos os pacientes e o tempo médio foi de 90 dias (variação de 21 a 300 dias). A duração média do seguimento foi de 38,3 meses (10 a 71 meses) e 8 pacientes sobreviveram. Um paciente foi a óbito devido a recorrência regional nos linfonodos retrofaríngeos e outro devido a metástase sistêmica. Conclusão: A cirurgia primária ainda é uma modalidade de tratamento muito eficaz para o carcinoma da parede posterior da hipofaringe e não compromete de forma permanente as funções de deglutição e da laringe se a reconstrução faríngea for feita com retalho livre.

Correlación clínico patológica de los ganglios cervicales enpacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello / Clinical pathological correlation between lymph node inpatients with head and neck cancer

Objetivo: Correlacionar la clasificación clínica ganglionar con el estudio de anatomía patológica de las disecciones cervicales realizadas a los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello en la Cátedra Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Universitario de Caracas desde el 2011 al 2016.Método: Estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo que evaluó 27pacientes, a quienes se les practicó disección cervical tipo radical clásica, radical modificada y selectiva. Resultados: edad promedio 56 años, el 77,8% sexo masculino. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue carcinoma escamoso 81,5%. El tipo de disección más practicada fue la selectiva 53,3%, seguida dela radical clásica 26,7% y de la radical modificada 20,0%. Se constató 36% de recidiva local o cervical. Dieciséis pacientes con ganglios clínicamente positivos, 13 fueron confirmados histológicamente. Todos aquellos clínicamente sin ganglios, fueron confirmados histológicamente como negativos. La sensibilidad de la clasificación clínica para ganglios positivos fue 81,3% y la especificidad 100%. Las siete recidivas cervicales presentaban ganglios positivos. No hubo recidivas en los 11pacientes ganglios negativos. El 22,7% y 71,6% de pacientes con estado ganglionar positivo y negativo sobrevivieron a los 5 años, respectivamente; fue una diferencia estadística significativa (p=0,024). Conclusión: La relación entre la clasificación patológica y la clínica, así como la presencia de ganglios positivos en las recidivas cervicales son estadísticamente significativas y se relacionan con la disminución en la sobrevida. La palpación de cuello continúa siendo una herramienta útil en la toma de decisiones terapéuticas, que demostró una sensibilidad y especificidad superior al promedio(AU)

Objective: To correlate the clinical lymph node classification with the pathological result of neck dissections performed in patients with head and neck cancer at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Hospital Universitario de Caracas from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2016. Method: Descriptive, quantitative and retrospective study, which evaluated 27 patients, who under went classical radical, modified radical and selective neck dissection. Results: averageage 56 years, 77.8% male. the most frequent histological type was squamous carcinoma 81.5%. The most used type of dissectio was selective 53.3%, followed by the classical radical 26.7% and the modified radical 20.0%, of these 36% presented local or cervical recurrence. Of the 16 patients with positive lymph nodes, 13 had patology confirmation, and all the negative nodes also had negative patology confirmation; regarding cervical recurrence, of the 7 cases where it was present, all positive nodes, and in the 11 patients negative nodes, all negative cervical recurrence. Conclusion: thee relationship between the pathological and clinical classification, as well as the presence of positive lymph nodes in cervical recurrences are statisticall ysignificant and are related to the decrease in survival. Neck palpation continues to be a useful tool in therapeutic decision making, which has shown higher than average sensitivity andspecificity(AU)

Presentación inusual de compromiso metastásico cutáneo por carcinoma escamocelular de cuello uterino / Unusual presentation of metastatic skin involvement in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: Case report

Resumen El cáncer de cuello uterino ocupa el cuarto lugar dentro de las neoplasias de origen ginecológico a nivel global, representando un 85% de los casos en países en vías de desarrollo. Las metástasis cutáneas de origen ginecológico son altamente infrecuentes, observándose con mayor frecuencia en las neoplasias malignas de ovario, seguidas del adenocarcinoma endometrial y de cuello uterino y, menos frecuentemente, las de subtipo escamocelular. En la actualidad, existen alrededor de 80 reportes de casos citados en la literatura de metástasis cutáneas secundarias a un carcinoma de cuello uterino; sin embargo, ninguno con localización en la piel del cuello que se origine de un subtipo histológico escamocelular. En Colombia, no hay casos reportados hasta la fecha. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 43 años que consulta por sangrado vaginal, dolor abdominal y una extensa placa tumoral exofítica de aspecto metastásico en la piel del cuello y del hombro izquierdo, encontrando al examen clínico inicial una masa tumoral en el cuello uterino con confirmación histológica de un carcinoma escamocelular como neoplasia primaria. Se hace diagnóstico de Carcinoma de cuello uterino estadio IVB y se inicia un tratamiento con intención paliativa con radioterapia y posterior quimioterapia sistémica. La enfermedad metastásica de origen ginecológico a nivel cutáneo confiere un mal pronóstico, con una supervivencia reportada de 1 a 37 meses después de su diagnóstico, por lo cual se deduce que la prevención y el diagnóstico temprano, particularmente en cáncer de cuello uterino, es de vital importancia en la población general.

Abstract Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among gynecological neoplasms globally, representing 85% of cases in developing countries. Cutaneous metastases of gynecological origin are very rare, observed more frequently in ovarian malignancies, followed by endometrial and cervical adenocarcinoma and less frequently those of the squamous cell subtype. Currently there are about 80 case reports cited in the literature of cutaneous metastases secondary to cervical carcinoma, however, none with localization in the skin of the neck originated from a squamous cell histological subtype. In Colombia, there are no reported cases to date. We present the case of a 43-year-old patient who consulted for abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding and an extensive exophytic tumor plaque of metastatic appearance in the skin of the neck and left shoulder, finding a tumor mass in the cervix with histological confirmation of a squamous cell carcinoma as primary tumor. A diagnosis of stage IVB cervical carcinoma is made, and treatment is initiated with palliative intention with radiotherapy and subsequent systemic chemotherapy. Cutaneous metastatic disease of gynecological origin confers a poor prognosis, with a reported survival of 1 to 37 months after its diagnosis, for which prevention and early diagnosis, particularly in cervical cancer, is of vital importance in the general population.

Guia de cáncer de pene de la Sociedad Colombiana de Urología / Colombian Society of Urology Penile Cancer Guideline

El cáncer de pene tiene una incidencia de 1.11 por 100.000 habitantes en Colombia, representado en el 95% por carcinoma de células escamosas el cual representa una alta morbilidad y mortalidad, La Sociedad Colombiana de Urología realizo la adaptación de la guía de cáncer de pene para el año 2021 con revisión de la literatura, esta guía permite realizar una evaluación y tratamiento del cáncer de pene, enmuchas ocasiones con el objetivo de preservación de órgano utilizando la ecografía como determinante para evaluar el compromiso de la lesión a las estructuras del pene, los estudios de extensión dependerán de hallazgos al examen físico como ganglios o compromiso local de la enfermedad, de acuerdo al tipo de lesión y su estadificación puede recibir terapia con agentes tópicos, radioterapia, cirugía láser, cirugía preservadora de órgano o penectomía total; La linfadenectomía inguinal permitirá mejorar la supervivencia en tumores de riesgo intermedio y alto (>pT1G2), posteriormente la quimioterapia adyuvante esta en el grupo de pacientes en el cual la intención sea curativa, aunque en terapia paliativa de segunda línea se encuentran los platinos y texanos como alternativa pero con pobre respuesta (<30%); los esquemas de seguimiento se realiza de acuerdo al estadio y el compromiso ganglionar. Al final se presentan los resultados de actividad sexual después de cirugía preservadora de órgano; Esta guía abarca la literatura actualizada del cáncer de pene, el cual es útil para el manejo por parte de los profesionales de salud del país.

Penile cancer has an incidence of 1.11 per 100,000 inhabitants in Colombia, 95% represented by squamous cell carcinoma which represents a high morbidity and mortality, The Colombian Society of Urology adapted the penile cancer guide to The year 2021 with a review of the literature, this guide allows an evaluation and treatment of penile cancer, in many cases with the objective of organ preservation, using ultrasound as a determinant to evaluate the commitment of the injury to the structures of the penis, Extension studies will depend on findings on physical examination such as lymph nodes or local involvement of the disease, according to the type of lesion and its staging, it can receive therapy with topical agents, radiotherapy, laser surgery, organ-sparing surgery or total penectomy; Inguinal lymphadenectomy will improve survival in intermediate and high risk tumors (> pT1G2), subsequently adjuvant chemotherapy is in the group of patients in which the intention is curative, although platinum and Texans are found in second-line palliative therapy as an alternative but with a poor response (<30%); the follow-up schemes are carried out according to the stage and lymph node involvement. At the end, the results of sexual activity after organ-sparing surgery are presented; This guide covers the updated literature on penile cancer, which is useful for the management of health professionals in the country.

Jorge Lobo's disease with malignant degeneration to squamous cell carcinoma: case report

Abstract Jorge Lobo's disease (JLD) is a chronic, granulomatous fungal infection caused by the traumatic implantation of the fungus Lacazia loboi in the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, with the presence of isolated nodular and coalescent keloidal lesions. Malignant degeneration is rare. This case report describes a 64-year-old male patient with JLD for 30-years who showed a change in the aspect of a lesion in the left lower limb. Histopathological examination confirmed the progression to well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SSC). JLD is highly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, requiring monitoring concerning the transformation into SSC in long-term lesions.

Biomarcadores salivares do carcinoma de células escamosas / Salivary biomarkers of squamous cell carcinoma

O carcinoma de células escamosas (OSCC) é uma neoplasia maligna que atinge a cavidade oral, lábios e orofaringe com uma das maiores taxa de mortalidade em todo o mundo, quando em comparação com outros carcinomas, o que o torna um problema de saúde pública (MORO, 2018). Devido à sua grande prevalência, os pesquisadores buscam por mecanismos para aprimorar o diagnóstico da doença em sua fase inicial, no intuito de possibilitar melhor qualidade de vida e sobrevida a esses pacientes (CHENG et al., 2014). Tem-se desenvolvido estudos através da expressão de proteínas, envolvendo o mecanismo biomolecular da carcinogênese oral na busca de identificação de biomarcadores que tenham potencial preditivo e um bom prognóstico para OSCC (CARVALHO; OLIVEIRA, 2015; LOUSADA-FERNANDEZ et at., 2018). Em uma revisão sobre o genoma salivar do câncer oral, este destacou-se justamente pelo fato de suas proteínas estarem localmente expressas (SHAH et at., 2011), tornando seus biomarcadores salivares de fácil e rápida coleta, já que a proliferação desordenada de células malignas deixa derivados de DNA, RNA, vesiculas (exossomos) e marcadores proteicos nos fluidos creviculares, podendo demostrar de forma preventiva o câncer. Com isso, esses biomarcadores podem ser identificados na fase inicial da doença, ao contrário do exame clínico, já que as manifestações clínicas são tardias, o que gera um prognóstico ruim (LOUSADA-FERNANDEZ et al., 2018). Diante desse quadro, o objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma revisão de literatura acerca do papel dos biomarcadores tumorais e discutir sobre a atual situação do câncer bucal, justificando o uso de biomarcadores salivares e entendendo seu papel no diagnóstico precoce. Para isso foi feita uma busca detalhada nas bases de dados Pubmed-Medline, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Lilacs e Scielo, para identificar os mais recentes biomarcadores citados nas literaturas ultilizando as palavras-chaves: carcinoma, biomarcadores, saliva. Também foram incluídos dados coletados da Organização Mundial da Saúde e do Instituto Nacional do Câncer.

Cirurgia Guiada para Instalação de Implantes em Paciente Submetido à Radioterapia em Região de Cabeça e Pescoço / Guided Surgery for Implant Surgery in a Patient Undergoing Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Region / Cirugía Guiada para la Colocación de Implantes en Pacientes Sometidos a Radioterapia en la Región de la Cabeza y el Cuello

Introdução: O uso dos implantes osseointegrados para reabilitação de pacientes com dificuldade de adaptação de próteses convencionais mostra-se mais frequente a cada dia. Um grande grupo candidato à reabilitação com essa modalidade são os pacientes tratados para as neoplasias de cabeça e pescoço (CP). A irradiação na região de CP pode ser limitante para a instalação de implantes, porém a literatura apresenta evidências de técnicas e planejamentos favoráveis ao procedimento nesse grupo de pacientes. As técnicas menos traumáticas para intervenções na cavidade oral devem ser avaliadas, e os guias cirúrgicos para colocação de implantes podem ser aliados nesses procedimentos. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 64 anos, tratada com cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia em cavidade oral para um carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) em língua e, em um segundo momento, diagnosticada e tratada com cirurgia para CEC em região de rebordo alveolar maxilar esquerdo por meio de hemipalatecmia, necessitava de reabilitação com implantes osseointegrados na região onde havia sido tratada com radiação primariamente. Realizou-se a cirurgia de colocação dos implantes com a tecnologia guiada para acarretar o mínimo trauma às estruturas bucais. Conclusão: O procedimento cirúrgico foi executado com sucesso. Atualmente, aguarda-se o período de osseointegração para a posterior reabilitação protética

Introduction: The use of osseointegrated implants for the rehabilitation of patients with difficulty fitting conventional prostheses is becoming more frequent every day. A great eligible group for rehabilitation with this modality are patients treated for head and neck cancer (HNC). Irradiation in the region of HN may be limiting for implants, but there are evidences in the literature of techniques and planning favorable to the procedure in this group of patients. Less traumatic techniques for interventions in the oral cavity should be evaluated, and surgical guides for implant placement may be allies in these procedures. Case report: A 64-year-old female patient, treated with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the oral cavity for a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the tongue and, in a second moment, diagnosed and treated with surgery for SCC in the region of the left maxillary alveolar ridge by means of hemipalatectomy, needed rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants in the region where she had been primarily treated with radiation. The implant placement surgery was then planned and performed using guided technology so that minimal trauma to the oral structures could occur. Conclusion: The surgical procedure was successfully performed, and the patient is now waiting for the osseointegration period for posterior prosthetic rehabilitation

Introducción: El uso de implantes osteointegrados para la rehabilitación de pacientes con dificultades de adaptación de las prótesis convencionales es cada vez más frecuente. Un gran grupo de candidatos a la rehabilitación con esta modalidad son los pacientes tratados por neoplasias de cabeza y cuello (CC). La irradiación en la región del CC puede ser limitante para la instalación del implante, sin embargo, la literatura presenta evidencias de técnicas y planificación favorables al procedimiento en este grupo de pacientes. Deben evaluarse técnicas menos traumáticas para las intervenciones en la cavidad oral, y las guías quirúrgicas para la colocación de implantes pueden ser un aliado en estos procedimientos. Caso clínico: Paciente de 64 años, mujer, tratada con cirugía, quimioterapia y radioterapia en la cavidad oral por un carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) en la lengua y en un segundo momento diagnosticada y tratada con cirugía por CCE en la región de la cresta alveolar maxilar izquierda mediante hemipalatectomía, necesitó rehabilitación con implantes osteointegrados en la región donde había sido tratada principalmente con radiación. La cirugía de colocación de implantes se realizó con tecnología guiada para causar el menor traumatismo en las estructuras orales. Conclusión: La intervención quirúrgica se llevó a cabo con éxito. Actualmente se espera el periodo de osteointegración para la posterior rehabilitación protésica

Survival outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with salvage surgery for hypopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the survival outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with salvage surgery for hypopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed, including 26 patients treated in Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015. All patients were males, aged 48-83 years, of whom 8 cases were local residual after radiotherapy alone, 8 cases were local recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy, 2 cases were residual of cervical lymph nodes after radiotherapy alone, 2 cases were recurrence of cervical lymph nodes after radiotherapy alone, 2 cases were recurrence of cervical lymph nodes after postoperative radiotherapy and 4 cases were recurrence of tracheal stoma. The salvage operations included: local resection, local resection with neck dissection, simple neck dissection, tumor resection of tracheostomy, and additional repair according to the defect. Chi square test was used for recurrence and metastasis analysis, Kaplan-Meier method for survival analysis, Log-rank test for univariate analysis, and Cox regression model for multivariate analysis. Results: The complication rate of salvage surgery was 23.1% (6/26). The recurrence rate was 65.4% (17/26) and the distant metastasis rate was 42.3% (11/26) in the 5-year follow-up after salvage surgery. Patient's age and tumor invasion extent were correlated with recurrence. Initial treatment, tumor persistence or recurrence after radiotherapy, recurrence location and tumor invasion extent were correlated with distant metastasis (all P<0.05). Overall, 3 year and 5 year survival rates were 42.3% and 23.1% respectively. Age, recurrence location, surgical margin and tumor invasion extent were related to prognosis (χ²=6.56, 10.68, 9.32, and 7.90 respectively, all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that surgical margin and tumor invasion extent were independent risk factors for prognosis (OR (95%CI) = 3.19 (1.03-9.84), 14.37 (2.46-84.08), both P<0.05). Conclusion: Salvage surgery is the first choice for patients with recurrence after radiotherapy for hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Safe surgical margin should be ensured, especially in tumors invading muscle, bone tissue or lymph node capsule.

Cell heterogeneity of laryngeal carcinoma and evolution trajectory of epithelial cells / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To analyze the classification and functions of cell subsets in laryngeal carcinoma and metastatic lymph nodes, and to explore the evolution trajectory of epithelial cells to tumor cells. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 5 cases of laryngeal cancer, matched metastatic lymph nodes and 3 normal tissues. Patients were admitted to Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from October 22, 2019 to December 16, all patients were male, aged 53-70 years old. Cell subsets of the above-mentioned tissues were analyzed by the Seurat, and the biological functions of cell subpopulation were investigated by functional enrichment analysis. Malignant epithelial cells were identified using copy number variation (CNV). The evolutionary trajectory of epithelial cells to cancer cells was analyzed by cell trajectory analysis, and cancerous transitional cells were identified. The highly expressed genes in transitional cells were analyzed by the FindAllMarker of the Seurat and verified by immunohistochemistry. Results: A total of 66 969 high-quality cells were obtained in 9 major clusters: epithelial cells, T cells, B cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, myeloid cells, mast cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells and nerve cells. The first 5 cell clusters were divided into 8, 6, 4, 3 and 2 subgroups, respectively. Four epithelial cell subsets (C0, C1, C2 and C5) were derived from tumor tissues and metastatic lymph nodes, and had high levels of CNV and tumor cell content. Cell trajectory analysis showed that the evolution trajectory of epithelial cells was from normal epithelial subpopulation C4 to early cancerous cell population C0, which differentiated into three major malignant cell subsets C1, C3, and C5. Epithelial cell C0 may represent the transitional cell population of carcinogenesis, and were enriched in biological processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and angiogenesis. C0 highly expressed sulforaphane (SFN) which may be related to the occurrence and development of cancer. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that SFN was highly expressed in tumor tissues and metastatic lymph nodes compared with paracancerous tissues. Conclusion: Single-cell sequencing may be used to elucidate the diversity of cells and functions in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and metastatic lymph nodes, and cell population C0 plays a key role in the evolution of cells.

Effect evaluation of surgical plus radio(chemo)therapy and non-surgery chemoradiotherapy treatment strategies for advanced tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: Using propensity score matching method(PSM) to investigate the clinical effect of surgical plus radio(chemo)therapy and non-surgery chemoradiotherapy treatment strategies for advanced tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 324 patients diagnosed with advanced tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma and treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2000 to 2018, confirmed by pathology and without distant metastasis. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, the Cox proportional hazards model, and propensity score matching(PSM). Results: Of the 324 patients, 102 were treated with non-surgery chemoradiotherapy treatment strategies and 222 with surgical plus radio(chemo)therapy treatment. Cox multivariate analysis showed that the non-surgery treatment group had a favorable prognosis than the surgical treatment group, however, these outcomes were not significantly different [overall survival(OS): adjusted Hazard Ratios(aHR): 0.92, 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.60-1.42; disease-specific survival(DSS): aHR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.43-1.20; disease-free survival(DFS): aHR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.53-1.28]. The new patient cohort consisted of 102 subpairs after PSM. There were no significant differences between two groups(OS: aHR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.51-1.40; DSS: aHR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.35-1.11; DFS: aHR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.49-1.33). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that patients with non-surgical treatment do not have significantly better survival outcomes compared to surgical treatment group, while non-surgical treatment has advantages in improving the quality of life of patients, so comprehensive treatment based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be recommended for advanced tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.