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1.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; (12): 136-140, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1046020

ABSTRACT

Heart development protein with EGF-like domains 1 (HEG1) is a novel mucin-like membrane protein with a long O-glycosylation region and EGF domain. HEG1 plays critical roles in embryo development and cardiogenesis, and is closely related to the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors. Here this article demonstrates the research progress on HEG1 in cardiovascular formation and tumor development in recent years, to inspire new ideas for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Membrane Proteins , Epidermal Growth Factor , Cardiovascular System/pathology , Lung Neoplasms
2.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; (12): 136-140, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1046343

ABSTRACT

Heart development protein with EGF-like domains 1 (HEG1) is a novel mucin-like membrane protein with a long O-glycosylation region and EGF domain. HEG1 plays critical roles in embryo development and cardiogenesis, and is closely related to the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors. Here this article demonstrates the research progress on HEG1 in cardiovascular formation and tumor development in recent years, to inspire new ideas for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Membrane Proteins , Epidermal Growth Factor , Cardiovascular System/pathology , Lung Neoplasms
4.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 31(3): 202-214, 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-670191

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La enzima convertidora de angiotensina I (ECA2) a través de Angiotensina (Ang)-(1-9) más que Ang-(1-7) contrarresta los efectos deletéreos de ECA y Ang II. Se desconoce si Ang-(1-9) es efectiva en el tratamiento del remodelamiento cardiovascular (RMCV) hipertensivo, en ratas con polimorfismo del gen de la ECA. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de Ang-(1-9) en el tratamiento del RMCV hipertensivo en ratas con niveles genéticamente determinados de ECA y Ang II. Métodos: Ratas normotensas homocigotas, Lewis (LL) y Brown Norway (BN), se les indujo HTA a través del modelo Goldblatt (GB, 2 riñones-1 pinzado). Después de 4 semanas, las ratas hipertensas se rando-mizaron para recibir Ang-(1-9) (602 ng/Kg min) o una coadministración de Ang-(1-9)+A779 (100 ng/Kg min, antagonista del receptor MAS de Ang-(1-7)) durante 14 días mediante una minibomba. Como controles se usaron ratas sometidas a operación ficticia (Sham). Se determinó masa corporal (MC), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), masa ventricular (MV), área de cardiomiocitos (AC), área y grosor de la túnica media (ATM, GTM), fracción volumétrica de colágeno total (FVCT) en el ventrículo izquierdo (VI), niveles proteicos de colágeno tipo I (Col I) en la aorta (Ao) y la infiltración de macrófagos en Ao y VI, por medio de su molécula especifica ED1 (ED1-Ao, ED1-VI). Resultados: La administración de Ang-(1-9) disminuyó significativamente PAS, MV, AC, FVCT, Col I, ATM, GTM, ED1-Ao (-) y ED1-VI, en las ratas hipertensas LL y BN respecto a las ratas GB sin tratamiento, respectivamente. Este efecto no fue inhibido por el antagonista A779. El polimorfismo de la ECA no modificó la respuesta al tratamiento. Conclusión: Ang-(1-9) redujo eficazmente la HTA y el RMCV secundario, independiente al polimorfismo en el gen de la ECA. Este efecto posiblemente es directo ya que no fue mediado por Ang-(1-7). Fondecyt 1100874.


Background: The angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) counteracts the deleterious effects of ACE and Ang II through angiotensin (Ang) -(1-9) rather than Ang-(1-7). In addition, it is not clear whether Ang-(1-9) is effective in the reversal of hypertensive cardiovascular remodeling (CVRM) in rats with ACE gene polymorphism. Objective: To determine the effect of Ang-(1-9) in the prevention of hypertensive CVRM in rats with genetically determined levels of ACE and Ang II. Methods: In normotensive homozygous Lewis (LL) and Brown Norway (BN) rats hypertension was induced by the Goldblatt 2 kidney-1 pinch model. After 4 weeks, rats were randomized to receive Ang- (1-9) (602 ng / Kg min) or the co administration of Ang- (19) + A779 (100 ng / kg min, a MAS receptor antagonist of Ang- (1-7)) for 14 days. Sham operated rats were used as controls. We determined body mass (BM), systolic blood pressure (SBP), ventricular mass (VM), cardiomyocyte area (CA), area and thickness of the aortic media (ATM, TTM), LV total collagen volume fraction (FVCT), type I collagen protein levels (Col I) in the aorta (Ao) and macrophage infiltration in LV and Ao, through its specific molecule ED1 (ED1-Ao, ED1-VI). Results: Continuous administration of Ang- (1-9) significantly decreased SBP, VM, CA, TCVF, Col I, TTM, and ED1 in the aorta and left ventricle of hypertensive rats. This effect was not inhibited by the antagonist A779. ACE polymorphism did not modify the response to treatment. Conclusion: Ang- (1-9) effectively reduced hypertension induced CVRM independent of ACE gene polymorphism. This effect was not mediated by Ang- (1-7).


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Hypertension/chemically induced , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/administration & dosage , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Cardiovascular System/pathology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Cardiovascular System/enzymology
5.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-105342

ABSTRACT

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and the development of atherosclerosis, consensus is still lacking on the status of cardiovascular function and geometry in MetS patients. We investigated the relation between MetS and left ventricle (LV) geometry and function, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and arterial stiffness in a community-based cohort of 702 adult subjects. Subjects were categorized into three groups according to the number of MetS components present, as defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines: 1) Absent (0 criteria), 2) Pre-MetS (1-2 criteria) or 3) MetS (> or =3 criteria). In female subjects, LV mass, LV mass/height(2.7), deceleration time, and aortic pulse wave velocity increased, and E/A ration decreased in a stepwise manner across the three groups. These changes were not observed in male subjects. The mean carotid IMT was higher in the MetS group than in the other two groups. The degree of MetS clustering is found to be strongly correlated with geometric eccentricity of LV hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and arterial changes irrespective of age and blood pressure status, particularly in females. Waist circumference is found to have the most powerful effect on cardiovascular parameters.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular System/pathology , Carotid Arteries/anatomy & histology , Cohort Studies , Heart Ventricles/anatomy & histology , Korea , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Rural Population , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology
6.
Campinas; s.n; 2010. 142 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-617587

ABSTRACT

Pacientes com lesão medular reconhecidamente desenvolvem muitas adaptações sistêmicas. Condições, como fraqueza da musculatura respiratória, paralisia e alterações na função pulmonar e conseqüentemente o aumento do índice de doenças pulmonares, são observadas. Recentemente, o aumento de doenças cardiovasculares também tem ocorrido entre esses pacientes, além das complicações provenientes da osteoporose que já são bem conhecidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as alterações do sistema cardiorrespiratório e esquelético de pacientes com lesão medular em 4 estudos. O estudo 1 avaliou a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca na posição supina e sentada e arritmia sinusal respiratória (ASR) de 37 homens com e sem lesão medular. Os pacientes tetraplégicos apresentaram uma redução dos valores máximos da frequência cardíaca durante ASR. O estudo 2 avaliou a função pulmonar de 23 pacientes com tetraplegia. Os valores de capacidade vital forçada, volume expiratório forçado 1s e ventilação voluntária máxima mostraram que a capacidade pulmonar dos pacientes com lesão medular foi reduzida. O estudo 3 propôs a adaptação do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos para 9 pacientes com paraplegia completa auxiliados por marcha artificial com eletroestimulação neuromuscular e andador. O estudo 4 investigou a densidade mineral óssea e fatores de risco cardiovascular de 44 homens com e sem lesão medular. Os pacientes com lesão medular apresentaram osteoporose e/ou osteopenia e o espessamento da camada íntima-média da carótida, porém os valores do lipidograma e triglicérides foram dentro da faixa de normalidade. A pressão arterial foi menor nos pacientes tetraplégicos. Análise estatística: Os dados foram apresentados em mediana (intervalo interquartil) e/ou média (±DP) e em Box-plot. Diferenças entre grupos foram demonstradas pelo intervalo de confiança da mediana, nível de significância em 5% ou teste t pareado...


It is known that individuals with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) present systemic adaptation. SCI causes respiratory muscle weakness, paralysis and abnormal pulmonary function. Cardiovascular disease is also increased in spinal cord injured subjects and osteoporosis as well. The aim of this study was to assess cardio respiratory and bone diseases in subjects with SCI. Four studies were performed. The first study assessed heart rate variability in supine and seated position and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) maneuver in 37 subjects with and without SCI. Tetraplegic subjects showed the lowest values of maximal heart rate during RSA. The second study assessed pulmonary function in 23 tetraplegic subjects. Forced vital capacity, maximal voluntary ventilation, forced expired volume showed that the SCI subjects’ pulmonary capacity was reduced when compared with able body subjects. The third study adapted the “6 minutes’ walk test” to assess complete patients with SCI during gait therapy. The fourth study investigated the clinical presence of osteoporosis and cardiovascular risk factors in 44 subjects with and without SCI. Subjects showed osteoporosis or osteopenia and increased intima-media thickness, although lipids and triglycerides were with normal ranges. Blood pressure in tetraplegic subjects was lower than in paraplegic and control groups. Statistical Analysis: Data are expressed as median (interquartile interval) and presented in box-plot (median, 1st and 3rd quartiles, minimum and maximum). Differences between groups were demonstrated by confidence interval of median, significance level set at á = 0.05, or mean (±SD) and paired t test...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cardiovascular Abnormalities/etiology , Cardiovascular System , Bone Marrow/injuries , Bone Density , Paraplegia/complications , Quadriplegia/complications , Respiratory Function Tests , Cardiovascular System/pathology
7.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam;41(1): 21-25, ene.-mar. 2007. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-632989

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron 81 individuos al azar (49 mujeres y 32 hombres) que concurrieron a la Unidad de Prevención Cardiovascular entre octubre de 2000 y enero de 2001. Las edades oscilaban entre los 22-73 años. Once de los 81 pacientes (13,6%) presentaron valores de homocisteína basal por encima del valor de corte (12 µmol/L). Diez de los 81 pacientes presentaron valores de homocisteína entre 12-15 µmol/L (12,3%) y fueron seleccionados para realizar el test de sobrecarga de metionina para ponderar así probables hiperhomocisteinemias en el futuro. De ellos, 2 pacientes presentaron homocisteinemias post-sobrecarga por encima de los valores de referencia. Tres de los 81 pacientes (3,7%) que observaron hiperhomocisteinemia detectada en forma basal o indirectamente a través del test de sobrecarga de metionina fueron sometidos a tratamiento con suplemento vitamínico. Ocho de 81 (9,9%) individuos que presentaron homocisteinemia por encima del valor de corte pero observaron respuesta normal al test de sobrecarga fueron asesorados en mejorar conductas alimenticias y modificar hábitos de vida.


Eighty-one patients, randomly selected from our Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, were checked for fasting homocysteinemia levels between October 2000 and January 2001. Forty-nine females and 32 males aged between 22-73 years old were studied. 11/81 patients (13,6%) showed homocysteinemia over expected cutoff value (12 µmol/L). 10/81 (12,3%) presented homocysteinemia values between 12-15 µmol/L. These patients were selected undergo a methionine loading test in order to evaluate future hiperhomocysteinemia. 2/10 presented post prandial homocysteinemia over reference values. 3/81 (3,7%) were finally treated with vitamin supplement. 8/81 (9,9%) patients who showed homocisteinemia between 12-15 µmol/L but normal response to the loading test were instructed in improving quality food consumption and healthy living conditions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Thrombosis , Cardiovascular System/pathology , Risk Factors , Hemostasis , Homocysteine , Methionine , Primary Prevention , Cardiovascular System , Hyperhomocysteinemia
8.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-40684

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has been utilized for diagnosis in various cardiovascular diseases and most of those were performed on a 1.5 Tesla CMR system. Recently, a 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system has been introduced into clinical practice, however the clinical experience on cardiovascular examination using this system is limited. Therefore, the authors' institution has integrated a team for developing a CMR program on this 3.0 Tesla system. OBJECTIVE: To describe the authors' experience on the 3.0 Tesla CMR system. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data on patients referred to the authors' CMR unit between August 2004 and October 2005 were reviewed. RESULTS: One hundred patients were referred for CMR examination. The mean age was 56 years (2 month - 85 years) and 65 patients were male. The most common indication was to assess coronary artery disease (64 patients). The performed examination was divided into cardiac structure and function assessment (39%), stress testing (23%), coronary magnetic resonance angiography (13%), myocardial viability assessment (12%), magnetic resonance angiography (9%), and flow assessment (4%). CONCLUSION: The present study highlights that comprehensive assessment of various cardiovascular diseases can be performed on the 3.0 Tesla CMR system.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular System/pathology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine , Male , Middle Aged , Thailand
9.
Recife; s.n; 2006. 130 p. mapas, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-527802

ABSTRACT

Verifica-se nas últimas décadas o aumento da morbimortalidade por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), particularmente das doenças do aparelho circulatório (DAC). Dentre as DAC, destacam-se as doenças isquêmicas do coração (DIC) e as doenças cerebrovasculares (DCbV). Um desafio no estudo das doenças cardiovasculares é relacionar o comportamento de sua mortalidade com as diferentes condições de vida a que estão sujeitas os diferentes grupos populacionais. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por DIC e por DCbV e analisar sua relação com a condição de vida da população na cidade do Recife no período de 1999 a 2003. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e o Indicador Composto de Condição de Vida - IC-CV. Através do IC-CV, os bairros foram classificados em melhor (12,9 por cento), intermediária (27,4 por cento) e pior condição de vida (59,7 por cento). A distribuição dos coeficientes de mortalidade nos bairros da cidade apresentou-se bem heterogênea. Porém, a razão entre os coeficientes dos estratos mostrou um risco maior de morte, tanto por DIC quanto por DCbV, no estrato de pior condição de vida. Através da regressão linear pode-se observar que os coeficientes de mortalidade aumentam a medida em que pioram as condições de vida, no entanto, a correlação foi considerada fraca para as DIC e moderada para as DCbV. Dessa forma, os resultados deste estudo sugerem desigualdades no risco de morte por DIC e DCbV de acordo com a condição de vida em que vive a população recifense, no entanto, esta associação pode estar subestimada tanto pela escolha da unidade geográfica de análise, quanto pela não inclusão de fatores mais complexos como a questão do acesso aos serviços de saúde, por isso, sugere-se novas investigações que evidenciem melhor estas questões permitindo uma leitura real dessas desigualdades.


Subject(s)
Mortality/statistics & numerical data , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Social Conditions , Blood Circulation , Metropolitan Zones , Mortality , Cardiovascular System/pathology
10.
Col. med. estado Táchira ; 14(4): 19-22, oct.-dic. 2005.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-531066

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son una importante causa de morbi-mortalidad tanto en Venezuela como en el resto del mundo. Se han identificado factores, como son la hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, dislipidemias y tabaquismo. Sin embargo estudios epidemiológicos y patológicos sugieren que hasta 25 por ciento de los pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular prematura no tiene ninguno de estos factores de riesgo tradicionales. En este contexto se han identificado otras condiciones implicadas en la etiopatogenia de la aterosclerosis relacionadas con deficiencias enzimáticas, nutricionales y enfermedades infecciosas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Cholesterol/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology , Tobacco Use Disorder/adverse effects , Blood Pressure , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Cardiovascular System/pathology
14.
JSP-Journal of Surgery Pakistan International. 2001; 6 (1): 33-37
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-57468

ABSTRACT

The present study is aimed at emphasizing the role of anxiety as a psychological risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disorders. It was hypothesized that "mean trait anxiety" scores of cardiac patients will be more as compared to non-cardiac patients. Fifty male cardiac patients were selected from the in-cardiac patients and fifty non-cardiac patients were selected to match the variables of age, sex, residential area and education. Their levels of anxiety were measured through trait scale of STAI and TAT cards. ANOVA was applied to get the statistical significance of the results. The findings suggest that the mean trait anxiety scores of cardiac patients were significantly higher as compared to the non-cardiac patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Anxiety , Cardiovascular System/pathology , Risk Factors
16.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 94(suppl.1): 263-7, Sept. 1999. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-245634

ABSTRACT

This article tries to demonstrate by new pathological findings (with the use of immunohistochemical technique and confocal laser microscopy) that chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is a result of multiple factors involving myocarditis, immunodepression, severe fibrosis and microvessels dilatation and that all of these alterations are probably directly related with the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites in the host associated with inadequate immunological response of the host.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cardiovascular System/pathology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/immunology , Cytokines , Lymphocyte Subsets , Parasites/immunology , Antigens , Chronic Disease , Endomyocardial Fibrosis , Trypanosoma cruzi
17.
Rev. med. Tucumán ; 3(6): 213-20, nov.-dic. 1997. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-239787

ABSTRACT

La patología cardiovascular constituye uno de los motivos de consulta más frecuentes. Si bien se manifiesta a través de síntomas y signos característicos, en muchos casos la ausencia de éstos afecta marcadamente el pronóstico de vida. En este estudio se realizó electrocardiografía de reposo (ECG) a todo paciente asintomático mayor de 20 años que concurrió al consultorio de Clínica Médica del Hospital "Parajón Ortíz" de la ciudad de Famaillá, posterior a un interrogatorio y examen físico exhaustivo dirigido hacia la búsqueda de patología cardiovascular. Del total de 80 ECG realizados, el 55 por ciento resultó normal y el 45 por ciento patológico. El mayor porcentaje correspondió a las alteraciones de conducción y ritmo cardíaco con 19 casos, seguidos por las alteraciones hemodinámicas con 16 casos, los trastornos de perfusión con 6 casos y por último los trazados compatibles con hipertrofias con 4 casos. Se detectó un importante porcentaje de ECG patológicos en personas jóvenes. El 33 por ciento de los trazados patológicos correspondió a pacientes entre los 20-29 años, el 22 por ciento entre los 30-39 años y el 35 por ciento entre los 40-59 años. Se determinó una alta sensibilidad y especificidad para el examen físico y se ratificó el valor del ECG como método de pesquisa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular System/pathology , Symptomatology , Diagnosis , Electrocardiography/methods , Heart Block/diagnosis , Physical Examination , Hemodynamics , Myocardial Ischemia/diagnosis , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Prognosis
18.
Maghreb Medical. 1996; (307): 17-19
in French | IMEMR | ID: emr-41929
19.
Rev. méd. Inst. Peru. Segur. Soc ; 4(3): 27-32, jul.-sept. 1995. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-163629

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio analítico en pacientes con cólera, con deshidratación moderada y severa en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati M. (Diciembre 92-Marzo 93), buscando relacionar los niveles de potasio sérico y las alteraciones cardiovasculares. De 54 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión se encontró deshidratación moderada en el 56 por ciento y severa en el 44 por ciento; de éstos, 6 tuvieron shok hipovolémico. Los signos clínicos más relevantes fueron: Hipotensión arterial (PA sistól nes séricas de potasio en la mayoría (55 por ciento) estuvieron en límites normales y sólo en 15 por ciento se halló hipokalemia no encontrándose relación significativa con la severidad de la deshidratación y los trastornos cardiacos. Taquicardia sinusal fue el hallasgo electrocardiográfico mas frecuente, además de aplanamiento e inversión de la onda T, presencia de onda U, arritmia supraventricular; siendo la fibrilación auricular con respuesta ventricular elevada la de mayor presentación. Podemos concluir que los niveles séricos de potasio no se correlacionan directamente con las alteraciones cardiovasculares y electrocardiográficas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular System/pathology , Hypokalemia/complications , Cholera/complications , Tachycardia, Sinus , Electrocardiography , Atrial Fibrillation , Hypotension
20.
Salus militiae ; 19(1/2): 5-11, ene.-dic. 1994. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-193649

ABSTRACT

Los Accidentes Cerebrovasculares (AVC) constituyen una importante causa de morbimortalidad en las estadísticas de todos los países del mundo. Aproximadamente el 10 por ciento de los ACV son de tipo hemorrágico. La Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) es el factor de riesgo más frecuentemente asociado a esta entidad, en especial por los cambios que produce a nivel vascular. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo del comportamiento clínico de esta entidad en pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Militar "Dr. Carlos Arvelo" en el lapso comprendido entre enero de 1980 y dieciembre de 1994. Se estudiaron 106 pacietes con un promedio de edad de 57 años (rango: 21 a 93 años), la mayoría del sexo masculino (67 por ciento). En 32 por ciento se apreciaron antecedentes de ACV previo, casi siempre de tipo isquémico. En 55 por ciento los síntomas se iniciaron en forma súbita. El factor etiológico ms frecuente fue la HTA (58,4 por ciento) y en menor proporción se observaron lesiones de ocupación de espacio, aneurismas y otras malformaciones vasculares, uso de anticoagulantes y drogas de abuso. El déficit motor fue la manifestación clínica más frecuente (89 por ciento). Los núcleos de la base constituyen la localización más observada (55,7 por ciento). En 12,2 por ciento de los pacientes se evidenció drenaje de la hemorragia al sistema ventricular. Se analizan las modalidades terapéuticas médicas y quirúrgicas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Cerebral Veins/injuries , Cardiovascular System/pathology , Cerebral Arteries/pathology , Cerebral Arterial Diseases , Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology , General Surgery , Risk Factors
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