Eficácia da ivermectina e atazanavir no tempo de recuperação dos sintomas de covid-19: uma coorte prospectiva / Effectiveness of ivermectin and atazanavir on time to resolution from covid-19 symptoms: a prospective cohort / Eficacia de ivermectina y atazanavir en el tiempo hasta lá resolución de los síntomas de covid-19: una cohorte prospectiva

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia da Ivermectina e do Atazanavir em comparação com placebo no tempo de resolução dos sintomas e no tempo de duração da doença por COVID-19. Método: estudo observacional, de coorte prospectivo, longitudinal, descritivo e analítico com pacientes sintomáticos ambulatoriais, acompanhados por 06 meses em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde para atendimento de COVID-19 em Teresina- Piauí, Brasil, no período de novembro a abril de 2021 identificados por amostragem aleatória 1:1:1. Foram realizados exames Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) para confirmação laboratorial da suspeita de infecção pelo novo coronavírus e avaliação sociodemográfica e clínica. Resultados: dos 87 pacientes randomizados, 62,1% (n=54) eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 35,1 anos, possuíam companheira (53,9%), baixa renda (50,6%), eutróficos (40,7%) e sem comorbidades de saúde (78,2%). Não houve diferença entre o tempo médio para resolução dos sintomas, que foi de 21 dias (IQR, 8-30) no grupo atazanavir, 30 dias (IQR, 5-90) no grupo ivermectina em comparação com 14 dias (IQR, 9-21) no grupo controle. No dia 180, houve resolução dos sintomas em 100% no grupo placebo, 93,9% no grupo atazanavir e 95% no grupo ivermectina. A duração mediana da doença foi de 08 dias em todos os braços do estudo. Conclusão: o tratamento com atazanavir (6 dias) e ivermectina (3 dias) não reduziu o tempo de resolução dos sintomas e nem o tempo de duração da doença entre os pacientes ambulatoriais com COVID-19 leve em comparação com o grupo placebo. Os resultados não suportam o uso de ivermectina e atazanavir para tratamento de COVID-19 leve a moderado.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of Ivermectin and Atazanavir compared to placebo in the time to resolution of symptoms and duration of illness due to COVID-19. Method: observational, prospective, longitudinal, descriptive and analytical cohort study with symptomatic outpatients, followed for 06 months in two Basic Health Units for COVID-19 care in Teresina-Piauí, Brazil, from November to April 2021 identified by 1:1:1 random sampling. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were performed for laboratory confirmation of suspected infection with the new coronavirus and sociodemographic and clinical evaluation. Results: of the 87 randomized patients, 62.1% (n=54) were male, with a mean age of 35.1 years, had a partner (53.9%), low income (50.6%), eutrophic (40.7%) and without health comorbidities (78.2%). There was no difference between the median time to resolution of symptoms, which was 21 days (IQR, 8-30) in the atazanavir group, 30 days (IQR, 5- 90) in the ivermectin group compared with 14 days (IQR, 9- 21) in the control group. At day 180, there was resolution of symptoms in 100% in the placebo group, 93.9% in the atazanavir group, and 95% in the ivermectin group. The median duration of illness was 8 days in all study arms. Conclusion: Treatment with atazanavir (6 days) and ivermectin (3 days) did not reduce the time to symptom resolution or the duration of illness among outpatients with mild COVID-19 compared to the placebo group. The results do not support the use of ivermectin and atazanavir for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19.

Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de Ivermectina y Atazanavir en comparación con placebo en el tiempo de resolución de los síntomas y duración de la enfermedad por COVID-19. Método: estudio de cohorte observacional, prospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo y analítico con pacientes ambulatorios sintomáticos, seguidos durante 06 meses en dos Unidades Básicas de Salud para atención de COVID-19 en Teresina-Piauí, Brasil, de noviembre a abril de 2021 identificados por 1:1:1 muestreo aleatorio. Se realizaron pruebas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR) para confirmación de laboratorio de sospecha de infección por el nuevo coronavirus y evaluación sociodemográfica y clínica. Resultados: de los 87 pacientes aleatorizados, 62,1% (n=54) eran del sexo masculino, con una edad media de 35,1 años, tenían pareja (53,9%), bajos ingresos (50,6%), eutróficos (40,7%) y sin comorbilidades de salud (78,2%). No hubo diferencia entre la mediana de tiempo hasta la resolución de los síntomas, que fue de 21 días (RIC, 8-30) en el grupo de atazanavir, 30 días (RIC, 5- 90) en el grupo de ivermectina en comparación con 14 días (RIC, 9 - 21) en el grupo control. En el día 180, hubo una resolución de los síntomas del 100 % en el grupo de placebo, del 93,9 % en el grupo de atazanavir y del 95 % en el grupo de ivermectina. La mediana de duración de la enfermedad fue de 8 días en todos los brazos del estudio. Conclusión: El tratamiento con atazanavir (6 días) e ivermectina (3 días) no redujo el tiempo de resolución de los síntomas ni la duración de la enfermedad entre los pacientes ambulatorios con COVID-19 leve en comparación con el grupo placebo. Los resultados no respaldan el uso de ivermectina y atazanavir para el tratamiento de la COVID-19 de leve a moderada.

COVID-19 en trabajadores activos durante la cuarentena. Realidad de un sector urbano de Caracas, Venezuela / COVID-19 in active workers during quarantine. Reality of an urban sector of Caracas, Venezuela

La pandemia por COVID-19 resultó un problema para la salud pública mundial, que impactó particularmente al sector de trabajadores que debían trabajar y estar expuestos durante el periodo de cuarentena. Objetivo, analizar la incidencia de COVID-19 y sus características en trabajadores(as) activos(as) durante 34 semanas. Investigación descriptiva y transversal. Población constituida por todos los trabajadores(as) activos de sectores priorizados, con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19. De los 1.186 casos confirmados, 658 casos (55%) correspondió a trabajadores activos, una incidencia de 1,7 casos x 1000 (mayor a la esperada), con predominio en trabajadores(as) del sector salud (267casos), choferes del transporte y trabajadores de funerarias (253 casos). El 68,7% menor de 40 años y predominio del sexo masculino (61,2%). En el personal de salud, el 30% correspondió a personal de enfermería y 22% en médicos. La tasa de mortalidad en la población de trabajadores activos fue de 0,07 x cada 1000, con un índice de mortalidad de 0,05 y un índice de recuperación del 95,5%, comportamiento similar al de la población general. Sin embargo, la tasa de letalidad (trabajadores activos positivos fallecidos) fue del 4,4% (29 casos), donde el 75% (22/29) fueron enfermeras y médicos, lo que confirmó al sector salud y trabajadores(as) de servicios, como población trabajadora altamente expuesta y vulnerable, lo que justificó priorizar las medidas de prevención en estos trabajadores, al iniciar el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, la vacunación y la dotación con uso adecuado de la protección personal(AU)

The COVID-19 Pandemic was a problem for global public health, which particularly impacted the sector of workers who had to work and were exposed during the quarantine period. The objective was to analyze the incidence of COVID- 19 and its characteristics in active workers during 34 weeks. Descriptive and cross-sectional research. Population made up of all active workers in prioritized sectors, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Of the 1,186 confirmed cases, 658 cases (55%) corresponded to active workers, an incidence of 1.7 cases per 1,000 (higher than expected), with a predominance of workers in the health sector (267 cases), transport drivers and funeral home workers (253 cases). 68.7% under 40 years of age and predominance of the male sex (61.2%). In health personnel, 30% corresponded to nursing personnel and 22% to doctors. The mortality rate in the population of active workers was 0.07 x every 1000, with a mortality rate of 0.05 and a recovery rate of 95.5%, behavior similar to that of the general population. However, the fatality rate (deceased positive active workers) was 4.4% (29 cases), where 75% (22/29) were nurses and doctors, which confirmed the health sector and service workers, as a highly exposed and vulnerable working population, which justified prioritizing prevention measures in these workers, by initiating the epidemiological surveillance system, vaccination and provision with adequate use of personal protection(AU)

Microorganismos aislados de hemocultivos en niños con leucemia y linforma: Seis años de seguimiento / Microorganisms isolated from blood cultures in children with leukemia and lymphoma: six years of follow-up

Las Leucemias y linfomas constituyen las enfermedades oncológicas más frecuentes en pediatría y las bacteriemias representan infecciones graves en estos pacientes. Objetivos: describir los microorganismos aislados de sangre en pacientes con leucemia aguda o linfoma pediátrico; comparar la incidencia de aislamientos según enfermedad de base; detallar las variaciones en la incidencia de dichos aislamientos y la evolución de su resistencia antimicrobiana. Estudio retrospectivo, observacional. Se incluyeron 823 episodios de bacteriemia en 467 pacientes pediátricos, entre julio-2016 y junio-2022, dividido en tres períodos (período-1: años 2016- 2018, período-2: años 2018-2020, período-3: años 2020-2022). Se aislaron 880 microorganismos: 55,3% gram negativos (GN), 40% gram positivos (GP) y 4,7% levaduras. En GN predominaron: enterobacterias (72%) y en GP: estreptococos del grupo viridans (SGV) (34,1%). Se encontró asociación entre LLA-enterobacterias (p=0,009) y LMA-SGV (p<0,001). Hubo aumento de GN entre los períodos 1 y 3 (p=0,02) y 2 y 3 (p=0,002) y disminución de GP entre 2 y 3 (p=0,01). Se registraron los siguientes mecanismos de resistencia: BLEE (16,4%), carbapenemasas: KPC (2,5%); MBL (2,7%) y OXA (0,2%); meticilinorresistencia en Staphylococcus aureus (20%) y estafilococos coagulasa negativos (95%), vancomicina resistencia en Enterococcus spp. (39%), SGV no sensibles a penicilina (44%) y a cefotaxima (13%). Hubo aumento de MBL entre los períodos 1 y 2 (p=0,02) y una tendencia en disminución de sensibilidad a penicilina en SGV entre el 1 y 3 (p=0,058). El conocimiento dinámico y análisis de estos datos es esencial para generar estadísticas a nivel local, fundamentales para el diseño de guías de tratamientos empíricos (AU)

Leukemias and lymphomas are the most common cancers in children and bacteremia is a severe infection in these patients. Objectives: to describe the microorganisms isolated from blood in pediatric patients with acute leukemia or lymphoma; to compare the incidence of isolates according to the underlying disease; and to detail the variations in the incidence of these isolates and the evolution of their antimicrobial resistance. Retrospective, observational study. We included 823 episodes of bacteremia in 467 pediatric patients seen between July-2016 and June-2022, divided into three periods (period-1: 2016- 2018, period-2: 2018-2020, period-3: 2020-2022). A total of 880 microorganisms were isolated: 55.3% were gram-negative (GN), 40% gram-positive (GP) and 4.7% yeasts. In GN there was a predominance of: enterobacteria (72%) and in GP viridans group streptococci (VGS) (34.1%). An association was found between ALL-enterobacteria (p=0.009) and AML-VGS (p<0.001). There was an increase in GN between periods 1 and 3 (p=0.02) and 2 and 3 (p=0.002) and a decrease in GP between 2 and 3 (p=0.01). The following resistance mechanisms were recorded: BLEE (16.4%), carbapenemases: KPC (2.5%), MBL (2.7%), and OXA (0.2%); methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (20%) and coagulase negative staphylococci (95%), vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus spp. (39%), VGS resistant to penicillin (44%) and to cefotaxime (13%). There was an increase in MBL between periods 1 and 2 (p=0.02) and a decreasing trend in penicillin sensitivity in VGS between periods 1 and 3 (p=0.058). Dynamic knowledge and analysis of these data is essential to generate statistics at the local level, which is fundamental for the design of empirical treatment guidelines (AU)

Sustancias psicoactivas, alumnos de anatomía y prepandemia COVID-19: prevalencia de uso y comparación de estudios transversales del periodo 2011-2019 / Psychoactive substances, anatomy and pre-pandemic COVID-19 students: prevalence of use and comparison of cross-sectional studies from the period 2011-2019

En estudios preliminares objetivamos alta prevalencia de uso de sustancias psicoactivas (SP) entre alumnos de Anatomía, con mayor impacto entre los recursantes o aquellos con actividades laborales. La causa del uso es multifactorial, pero se destacan factores de riesgo y precipitantes como la carga horaria de la currícula, exigencias de estudio, el distrés por el afrontamiento cadavérico negativo, el nuevo contexto educativo y la cantidad de horas de sueño. El objetivo fue comparar la prevalencia de uso de SP entre las cohortes de 2011-2019, con focalización en los factores determinantes conductuales. Estudio observacional, transversal y comparativo mediante encuesta estandarizada y anónima en 945 alumnos (año 2011= 122; año 2013= 158; año 2015=204; año 2017= 228; año 2019= 233). Se aplicaron parámetros estadísticos, se definió la significación como p -0.84; AA: r> -0.71). En el caso de ansiolíticos benzodiacepínicos, se asoció con falta de sueño y distrés por el afrontamiento negativo al estudio con cadáveres. En las cohortes comparadas por el lapso de 9 años hallamos alta prevalencia de uso de sustancias psicoactivas con tendencia al incremento. Las variables actividad laboral y recursante fueron determinantes para el uso de sustancias, y se asociaron cuestiones relativas a la adaptabilidad universitaria y afrontamiento de estudio negativo con el cadáver; todos con incidencia pedagógica en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.

SUMMARY: In preliminary studies, we observed a high prevalence of the use of psychoactive substances (PS) among Anatomy students, with a greater impact among recurrent students or those with work activities. The cause of use is multifactorial, but risk and precipitating factors stand out, such as the workload of the curriculum, study demands, distress due to negative cadaveric coping, the new educational context and the number of hours of sleep. The objective was to compare the prevalence of SP use between the 2011-2019 cohorts, with a focus on behavioral determinants. Observational, cross-sectional and comparative study using a standardized and anonymous survey in 945 students (year 2011= 122; year 2013= 158; year 2015=204; year 2017= 228; year 2019= 233). Statistical parameters were applied, significance was defined as p -0.84; AA: r> -0.71). In the case of benzodiazepine anxiolytics, it was associated with lack of sleep and distress due to negative coping with the study with cadavers. In the cohorts compared for a period of 9 years, we found a high prevalence of psychoactive substance use with an increasing trend. The variables work activity and recurrence were determinants for the use of substances, and issues related to university adaptability and negative study coping with the corpse were associated; all with pedagogical impact on the teaching and learning process.

Patrulla de catéteres: Análisis de la implementación de un equipo de colocación de catéteres percutáneos como estrategia menos invasiva para la terapia intravenosa / Catheter patrol: analysis of the implementation of a percutaneous catheter placement team as a less invasive strategy for intravenous therapy

En el año 2008 se creó el equipo de patrulla de catéteres para la colocación de catéteres percutáneos por punción directa para pacientes pediátricos en el Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, como estrategia para el cumplimiento de la terapia intravenosa. Diseño: Cohorte retrospectiva. Objetivo: evaluar resultados de la implementación de la patrulla de catéteres entre 2009 y 2013. Se analizaron factores asociados a complicaciones. Criterios de inclusión: catéteres colocados en unidades de cuidados intermedios por Enfermería de patrulla de catéteres en niños con edad entre 31 días a 17 años. Resultados: 2121 catéteres, 1,6 catéteres/paciente, edad mediana 6 años (r 1m- 17 años), permanencia mediana 9 días (7-12). Complicaciones más frecuentes: obstrucción 27,19%, desplazamiento 25,94%,ruptura 11,76%, traccionado por el paciente 11,08%, bacteriemia asociada a catéter 1,62 a 2,80 por 1000 días /catéter. La tasa de incidencia de complicaciones en los menores de 1 año fue 39,92 días catéter mientras que en los mayores de 1 año 31,14 días catéter; p=0,002, diámetro en fr y relación con complicaciones: 4fr 12,17 días/catéter, 3fr 24,25 días/catéter y 2fr 42,27dias/catéter, (p=0,000), no hubo diferencias según cantidad de lúmenes. Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la edad del paciente, el tipo de cuidado y contención inciden en las complicaciones. Los dispositivos de aseguramiento deberán estar acordes a las necesidades y características del niño (AU)

In 2008, the catheter patrol team was created for the placement of percutaneous catheters by direct puncture for pediatric patients at Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, as a strategy to increase compliance with intravenous therapy. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: to evaluate the results of the implementation of a catheter patrol between 2009 and 2013. Factors associated with complications were analyzed. Inclusion criteria: catheters placed in intermediate care units by catheter patrol nurses in children aged 31 days to 17 years. Results: 2121 catheters, 1.6 catheters/patient, median age 6 years (r 1m- 17 years), median stay 9 days (7-12). Most frequent complications: obstruction 27.19%, displacement 25.94%, rupture 11.76%, accidental pull-out by the patient 11.08%, catheter-associated bacteremia 1.62 to 2.80 per 1000 catheter-days. The incidence rate of complications in children under 1 year of age was 39.92 catheter-days while in those older than 1 year it was 31.14 catheter-days (p=0.002). Relationship between fr diameter and complications: 4fr 12.17 catheter-days, 3fr 24.25 catheter-days, and 2fr 42.27 catheter-days (p=0.000); there were no differences according to the number of lumens. Conclusions: the results of this study suggest that the age of the patient, the type of care, and containment have an impact on complications. Securement devices should be in agreement with the needs and characteristics of the child (AU)

Effect of preoperative anxiety level on postoperative pain, analgesic consumption in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: an observational cohort study

Abstract Backgraund: This prospective observational cohort study aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative anxiety levels and postoperative pain and analgesic requirement in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Methods: Forty two female patients with body mass index ≥ 35, who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for treatment of obesity were included in the study. Spielberger's state and trait anxiety scales were used in this study. Demographic data of the patients, anesthetic and analgesic drugs during the surgery, pain levels measured with verbal analog scale at the postoperative 1st, 4th, 12th, and 24th hour, sedation levels measured with the Ramsay sedation scale, and the amount of analgesic consumed were recorded. Anesthesiologist, surgeon, and patient were not informed of the anxiety level results. The relationship between preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain and analgesic consumption was evaluated by Spearman's correlation analysis. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was applied. Normal Distribution control was performed by applying the Shapiro-Wilk test to residual values obtained from the final model. Results: There was no relationship between trait anxiety level and postoperative pain and analgesic consumption. A correlation was found between state anxiety level and pain level up to 24 hours and analgesic consumption (p < 0.05). According to the obtained model it had been observed that the university graduates consumed more analgesic compared to other education level groups. Conclusion: In this study, a relationship was found between preoperative state anxiety level and 24-hour pain scores and analgesic consumption in patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy under general anesthesia.

Association between enhanced recovery after surgery protocol compliance and clinical complications: a cohort study

Abstract Background Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol is composed by evidence-based interventions that aim to improve recovery through a reduction in surgical stress response. Although ERAS protocols have been introduced across the globe, exhaustive implementation is not as common. We aimed to study the ERAS protocol compliance in colorectal surgery, assessing the relationship between compliance and postoperative complications. Methods A single-center cohort study was conducted. All consecutive patients admitted to elective colorectal surgery were included. We assessed study endpoints according to ERAS protocol perioperative compliance score above 75%. Our primary endpoint was a composite of postoperative events, which includes in-hospital postoperative complications and need for reoperation after 30 days and need for readmission after discharge. Secondary endpoints were surgery-to-discharge time, postoperative use of only non-opioid adjuvants and the individual components of the primary endpoint. Results A total of 224 colorectal patients were included. The primary endpoint occurred in 59.2% (n = 58) of non-compliant patients comparing to 34.1% (n = 43) in compliant patients. In univariate analysis, compliance to ERAS protocol had an inferior risk for the primary endpoint (p< 0.001). In a logistic regression model, compliance was independently associated with a reduced risk for the primary endpoint with a odds-ratio of 0.42 (95% CI 0.23-0.75, p= 0.004). Conclusion Compliance with the ERAS protocol is associated with less complications, a reduced surgery-to-discharge time and use of only non-opioid adjuvants in the postoperative period. More studies are needed to target the most appropriate compliance goal.

Implementation of an ERAS program in patients undergoing thoracic surgery at a third-level university hospital: an ambispective cohort study

Abstract Objective To analyze the effects of an ERAS program on complication rates, readmission, and length of stay in patients undergoing pulmonary resection in a tertiary university hospital. Methods Ambispective cohort study with a prospective arm of 50 patients undergoing thoracic surgery within an ERAS program (ERAS group) versus a retrospective arm of 50 patients undergoing surgery before the protocol was implemented (Standard group). The primary outcome was the number of patients with 30-day surgical complications. Secondary outcomes included ERAS adherence, non-surgical complications, mortality, readmission, reintervention rate, pain, and hospital length of stay. We performed a multivariate logistic analysis to study the correlation between outcomes and ERAS adherence. Results In the univariate analysis, we found no difference between the two groups in terms of surgical complications (Standard 18 [36%] vs. ERAS 12 [24%], p = 0.19). In the ERAS group, only the readmission rate was significantly lower (Standard 15 [30%] vs. ERAS 6 [12%], p = 0.03). In the multivariate analysis, ERAS adherence was the only factor associated with a reduction in surgical complications (OR [95% CI] = 0.02 [0.00, 0.59], p = 0.03) and length of stay (HR [95% CI] = 18.5 [4.39, 78.4], p < 0.001). Conclusions The ERAS program significantly reduced the readmission rate at our hospital. Adherence to the ERAS protocol reduced surgical complications and length of stay.

Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de una cohorte de pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients infected with HIV / Características epidemiológicas e clínicas de uma coorte de pacientes com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana

Introducción. Los estudios de cohortes han sido fundamentales para describir la evolución de múltiples enfermedades. El Grupo de estudio Uruguayo de VIH, comenzó en 2018 el seguimiento de una cohorte de personas con VIH de diferentes prestadores de salud. Objetivo . Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las personas incluidas en la cohorte GeUVIH. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional, multicéntrico transversal y prospectivo. Desde 1 de julio de 2018 hasta 31 de mayo de 2021. Se analizaron 795 personas con VIH de centros con consultas ambulatorias públicas y privadas de Montevideo-Uruguay. Resultados. Se analizaron 795. Relación hombre/ mujer 2 a 1. Mediana de edad 46 años. El 56,6% tenía entre 39 y 58 años. Motivaron al diagnóstico de VIH sobre todo controles en salud y enfermedades oportunistas. Al ingresar a la cohorte el 49% llevaba más de 10 años viviendo con VIH y el 25% estaba en estadio SIDA. El 98.4% estaban recibiendo antirretrovirales y de ellos 84% tenían carga viral indetectable. El 1,3% estaba co-infectado con el VHB y 3,9% con el VHC. Fallecieron 4 pacientes de la cohorte. Conclusiones. Se observó una población vinculada a los servicios de salud, que recibe TAR y es adherente. El envejecimiento de la población nos obliga a diagnosticar y tratar precozmente las comorbilidades. Se debe estimular el diagnóstico de VIH durante el control en salud y/o campañas preventivas. El mantenimiento de la cohorte prospectivamente dará información fundamental para la toma de decisiones.

Introduction: cohort studies are essential to describe the evolution of multiple diseases. In 2018 the Uruguayan group for the study of HIV started to monitor a cohort of individuals infected with HIV in different health care Institutions. Objective: to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of individuals included in an HIV cohort (GeUVIH). Patients and method: descriptive, observational, multi-transversal and prospective study. From July 1, 2018 to May 31, 2021. 795 individuals infected with HIV were analyzed in private and public outpatient consultations in Montevideo, Uruguay. Results: the case of 795 patients was analyzed. Men/women ratio was 2/1. Median age was 46 years old. 65.6% was between 39 and 58 years old. HIV diagnosis mainly resulted from health control and opportunistic diseases. Upon inclusion in the cohort group, 49% of patients had been living with HIV for over 10 years and were in the AIDS stage of infection. 98.3% were under antiretroviral treatment and in 84% of them viral load could not be detected. 1.3% of patients presented HIV-HIB coinfection and 3.9% HIV-HIC coinfection. 4 patients in the cohort died. Conclusions: the studied population was found to be related to the health care services, receiving antiretroviral therapy and showing good adherence to treatment. The aging of population makes it mandatory for the early diagnosis and treatment of comorbilities. Diagnosis of HIV must be encouraged in health care controls or preventive campaigns. The prospective maintenance of the cohort will provide key data for the making of decisions.

Introdução: estudos de coorte têm sido essenciais para descrever a evolução de múltiplas doenças. O Grupo Uruguaio de Estudos de HIV começou a monitorar uma coorte de pessoas com HIV de diferentes prestadores de serviços de saúde em 2018. Objetivo: descrever as características epidemiológicas e clínicas das pessoas incluídas na coorte GeUVIH. Pacientes e métodos : estudo descritivo, observacional, multicêntrico, transversal e prospectivo. No período 1º de julho de 2018 a 31 de maio de 2021 foram analisadas 795 pessoas com HIV de unidades ambulatoriais públicas e privadas em Montevidéu-Uruguai. Resultados: foram incluídas 795 pessoas. A proporção homem/mulher foi 2 para 1, a mediana de idade 46 anos sendo que 56,6% tinham entre 39 e 58 anos. O diagnóstico do HIV foi motivado especialmente por controles de saúde e pela detecção de doenças oportunistas. Ao ingressar na coorte, 49% viviam com HIV há mais de 10 anos e 25% encontravam-se na fase de AIDS. 98,4% estavam recebendo antirretrovirais e 84% deles tinham carga viral indetectável. 1,3% estavam co-infectados com HBV e 3,9% com HCV. Quatro pacientes da coorte morreram. Conclusões: observou-se uma população vinculada aos serviços de saúde, que recebe TARV com adesão ao tratamento. O envelhecimento da população obriga-nos a diagnosticar e tratar precocemente as comorbilidades. O diagnóstico de HIV deve ser incentivado durante controles de saúde e/ou campanhas preventivas. Manter a coorte prospectivamente fornecerá informações essenciais para a tomada de decisões.

Cognitive impairment among older adults with HIV: a systematic review protocol of cohort studies / Transtornos cognitivos em idosos vivendo com HIV: protocolo de revisão sistemática com estudos de coorte

OBJECTIVES: This review will determine whether the incidence of cognitive impairment in HIV patients aged ≥ 50 years is greater than that of their HIV-negative peers. METHODS: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus databases will be searched for studies with a sample of individuals aged ≥ 50 years or a mixed population with ≥ 50% aged ≥ 50 years). It will include studies that evaluate seropositive patients compared to and an unexposed control group. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort studies with follow-up ≥ 24 months will be included. Three reviewers will independently screen for eligibility criteria, extract data, and assess the risk of bias in the included studies, as well as evaluate the overall quality of evidence. A narrative synthesis will be prepared according to synthesis without meta-analysis guidelines. EXPECTED RESULTS: We expect to find correlations between older age, HIV, and cognitive impairment. RELEVANCE: The association of geriatric syndromes and HIV is becoming an important field of study. Increased life expectancy accompanied by an active sex life is contributing to this public health problem. This protocol is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022321914). This study was financed in part by the CAPES foundation (financial code: 001)

OBJETIVOS: Esta revisão abordará o questionamento: a incidência de comprometimento cognitivo é maior em pacientes com 50 anos ou mais com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana do que em idosos soronegativos? METODOLOGIA: As bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Web of Science e Scopus serão pesquisadas. A estratégia de busca considerará estudos com amostra de 50 anos ou mais e população mista (pelo menos 50% com 50 anos ou mais). Incluirá estudos que avaliam pacientes soropositivos, e o controle considerará pesquisas que abordem pessoas não expostas. DESENHO DO ESTUDO: Serão incluídos estudos de coorte com seguimento de pelo menos 24 meses. Três revisores, de forma independente, farão a triagem dos artigos quanto aos critérios de elegibilidade, extrairão dados, avaliarão o risco de viés dos trabalhos e avaliarão a qualidade geral das evidências. Uma síntese narrativa será preparada de acordo com a diretriz SWiM. RESULTADOS ESPERADOS: Esperamos encontrar maior incidência de comprometimento cognitivo em idosos que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. RELEVÂNCIA: As síndromes geriátricas associadas ao HIV tornam-se um importante escopo de estudo, uma vez que, o aumento da expectativa de vida acompanhado de uma vida sexual ativa sustenta o ciclo de contaminação desse problema de saúde pública. Este protocolo é relatado de acordo com os Itens Preferenciais de Relatórios para Protocolos de Revisão Sistemática e Metanálise e está registrado no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ­ PROSPERO (CRD42022321914). Este estudo foi parcialmente financiado pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ­ Brasil ­ Código de financiamento: 001

Ischemic stroke mortality and time for hospital arrival: analysis of the first 90 days / Mortalidad por accidente cerebrovascular isquémico y tiempo de llegada al hospital: análisis de los primeros 90 días / Mortalidade por acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico e tempo de chegada a hospital: análise dos primeiros 90 dias

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between time of arrival at a reference hospital and mortality of people with ischemic stroke. Method: Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Modifying and confounding variables between time of arrival and mortality were observed in the multivariate analysis. The Akaike Information Criterion was used to choose the model. Statistical significance of 5% and risk correction using the Poisson Model were adopted. Results: Most participants arrived within 4.5 hours of symptom onset or wake up stroke to the referral hospital and 19.4% died. The score of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was a modifier. In the multivariate model stratified by scale score ≥14, arrival time >4.5h was associated with lower mortality; and age ≥60 years and having Atrial Fibrillation, to higher mortality. In the model stratified by score ≤13, previous Rankin ≥3, and presence of atrial fibrillation were predictors of mortality. Conclusion: The relationship between time of arrival and mortality up to 90 days was modified by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Prior Rankin ≥3, atrial fibrillation, time to arrival ≤4.5h, and age ≥60 years contributed to higher mortality.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre el tiempo de llegada a un hospital de referencia y la mortalidad de las personas con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico. Método: Fueron usadas estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. En el análisis multivariado se verificaron variables modificadoras y confusoras entre el tiempo de llegada y la mortalidad. Para la elección del modelo se utilizó el Criterio de Información de Akaike. Se adoptó la significación estadística del 5% y la corrección del riesgo mediante el Modelo de Poisson. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes llegaron dentro de las 4,5 horas posteriores al inicio de los síntomas o wake up stroke al hospital de referencia y el 19,4% fallecieron. La puntuación de la escala National Institute of Health Stroke Scale fue un modificador. En el modelo multivariante estratificado por puntaje de escala ≥14, el tiempo de llegada >4,5 h se asoció con una menor mortalidad; y edad ≥60 años y con Fibrilación Auricular a mayor mortalidad. En el modelo estratificado por puntaje ≤13, Rankin previo ≥3 y tener fibrilación auricular fueron predictores de mortalidad. Conclusión: La relación entre tiempo de llegada y mortalidad hasta los 90 días fue modificada por puntaje de la escala National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Rankin previo ≥3, fibrilación auricular, tiempo hasta la llegada ≤4,5 h y la edad ≥60 años contribuyeron a una mayor mortalidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre tempo de chegada a hospital de referência e mortalidade de pessoas com Acidente Vascular Cerebral isquêmico. Método: Foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais. Variáveis modificadoras e confundidoras entre tempo de chegada e mortalidade foram verificadas na análise multivariada. O Critério de Informação de Akaike foi utilizado para escolha do modelo. Adotou-se significância estatística de 5% e correção de risco pelo Modelo de Poisson. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes chegou em até 4,5 horas do início dos sintomas ou wake up stroke ao hospital de referência e 19,4% morreram. A pontuação da National Institute of Health Stroke Scale foi um modificador. No modelo multivariado estratificado por pontuação da escala ≥14, o tempo de chegada >4,5h estava associado a menor mortalidade; e idade ≥60 anos e ter Fibrilação Atrial, a maior mortalidade. No modelo estratificado por pontuação ≤13, Rankin prévio ≥3 e ter fibrilação atrial foram preditores de mortalidade. Conclusão: A relação entre tempo de chegada e mortalidade até 90 dias foi modificada pela pontuação da National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Rankin prévio ≥3, fibrilação atrial, tempo de chegada ≤4,5h e idade ≥60 anos contribuíram para maior mortalidade.

Uso de antipsicóticos atípicos no tratamento da esquizofrenia no Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil: estudo de coorte, 2008-2017 / Uso de antipsicóticos atípicos en el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia en el Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil: estudio de 2008 a 2017 / Use of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia in the Brazilian National Health System: a cohort study, 2008-2017

Objective: to investigate sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of users of atypical antipsychotics receiving care via the Specialized Component of Pharmaceutical Assistance (Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica - CEAF), for the treatment of schizophrenia in Brazil, between 2008 and 2017. Methods: this was a retrospective cohort study using records of the authorizations for high complexity procedures retrieved from the Outpatient Information System of the Brazilian National Health System, from all Brazilian states. Results: of the 759,654 users, 50.5% were female, from the Southeast region (60.2%), diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia (77.6%); it could be seen a higher prevalence of the use of risperidone (63.3%) among children/adolescents; olanzapine (34.0%) in adults; and quetiapine (47.4%) in older adults; about 40% of children/adolescents were in off-label use of antipsychotics according to age; adherence to CEAF was high (82%), and abandonment within six months was 24%. Conclusion: the findings expand knowledge about the sociodemographic and clinical profile of users and highlight the practice of off-label use.

Objetivo: investigar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los usuarios de antipsicóticos atípicos, atendidos por el Componente Especializado de Asistencia Farmacéutica (CEAF) para el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia en Brasil, de 2008 a 2017. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo utilizando registros de autorizaciones de trámites de alta complejidad del Sistema de Información Ambulatorio del SUS, de todos los estados brasileños. Resultados: de los 759.654 usuários identificados, el 50,5% era del sexo feminino de la región Sudeste (60,2%), diagnosticadas con esquizofrenia paranoide (77,6%). Hubo una mayor prevalencia de risperidona (63,3%) entre niños y adolescentes; de olanzapina (34,0%) en adultos; y quetiapina (47,4%) en ancianos. Alrededor del 40% de los niños/adolescentes estaba bajo uso no autorizado de antipsicóticos según la edad. La adherencia al CEAF fue alta (82%), y la deserción a los seis meses fue del 24%. Conclusión: los hallazgos amplían el conocimiento sobre el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de los usuarios y destacan la práctica del uso off-label.

Objetivo: investigar características sociodemográficas e clínicas de usuários de antipsicóticos atípicos assistidos pelo Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF), para tratamento da esquizofrenia no Brasil, de 2008 a 2017. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo utilizando registros das autorizações de procedimentos de alta complexidade do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais do Sistema Único de Saúde, de todos os estados brasileiros. Resultados: dos 759.654 usuários, 50,5% eram do sexo feminino, da região Sudeste (60,2%), diagnosticados com esquizofrenia paranoide (77,6%); observou-se maior prevalência de uso da risperidona (63,3%) entre crianças/adolescentes; de olanzapina (34,0%), em adultos; e quetiapina (47,4%), nos idosos; cerca de 40% das crianças/ adolescentes estavam sob uso off-label de antipsicóticos segundo a idade; a adesão ao CEAF foi alta (82%), e o abandono em seis meses foi de 24%. Conclusão: os achados ampliam o conhecimento sobre perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos usuários e destacam a prática do uso off-label.

Trajetórias e determinantes do alto risco cardiovascular de 30 anos entre participantes de uma coorte brasileira (Estudo CUME) / Trajectories and determinants of 30-year high cardiovascular risk among participants in a Brazilian cohort (CUME Study)

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares são o principal problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Portanto, a avaliação do risco cardiovascular, com a identificação de seus fatores de risco e de proteção e de suas trajetórias ao longo do tempo são importantes para a proposição, a consolidação e a implementação de medidas de prevenção da ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo geral: Analisar a trajetória e os determinantes do alto risco cardiovascular de 30 anos em participantes da Coorte de Universidades Mineiras (Estudo CUME). Métodos: Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura e, em seguida, dois estudos de coorte prospectiva. A) Artigo 1 ­ revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a estimação do alto risco cardiovascular e seus fatores associados, realizada nas bases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature e no portal Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde; B) Artigo 2 ­ Coorte aberta prospectiva desenvolvida com 2.854 participantes do Estudo CUME, que é uma pesquisa multicêntrica conduzida com egressos de sete instituições públicas federais de ensino superior do Estado de Minas Gerais desde 2016. A incidência do alto risco cardiovascular de 30 anos foi calculada usando o escore de Framingham e seus determinantes foram estimados usando análise multivariada hierárquica pela técnica de regressão de Cox; C) Artigo 3 ­ Estudo prospectivo fechado desenvolvido com 1.286 participantes da CUME, que responderam ao questionário da linha de base em 2016, aos questionários de seguimento de dois anos (2018) e de quatro anos (2020). O risco cardiovascular foi avaliado com o escore de Framingham de 30 anos. A identificação das trajetórias do risco cardiovascular foi realizada com a técnica de modelagem de crescimento de classe latente com o uso do modelo normal censurado. A análise dos fatores independentemente associados a cada uma das trajetórias foi conduzida com a técnica de regressão logística multinominal. Resultados: Artigo 1 ­ foram selecionados 13 artigos com um ou mais fatores associados ao alto risco cardiovascular, segundo o escore de Framingham de 10 anos. Nenhum artigo investigou os fatores associados ao alto risco cardiovascular de 30 anos. Artigo 2 ­ após média de 2,62 anos de seguimento, a incidência do alto risco cardiovascular de 30 anos foi 8,1 casos/1.000 pessoas-ano no sexo feminino e 20,2 casos/1.000 pessoas-ano no sexo masculino. Sexo masculino (Hazard Ratio ­ HR: 2,34; IC 95%: 1,58 - 3,46), trabalhar (HR: 2,13; IC 95%: 1,13 - 3,99), alto consumo de alimentos processados (HR: 2,44; 95% CI: 1,21 - 4,90) e ser ativo fisicamente (HR: 0,63; IC 95%: 0,41 - 0,98) se associaram independentemente ao alto risco cardiovascular de 30 anos; Artigo 3 - Três trajetórias de risco cardiovascular de 30 anos foram identificadas: Baixo-Baixo (68,3%), Médio-Médio (26,2%) e Alto-Alto (5,5%). Ao longo do tempo, o risco cardiovascular apresentou discreto aumento para a trajetória Baixo-Baixo (2,9%), moderado aumento para a trajetória Médio-Médio (7,6%) e elevado aumento para a trajetória Alto-Alto (13%). O sexo masculino, viver em união estável, ter consumos moderado e alto de alimentos ultraprocessados se associaram positivamente às trajetórias de risco cardiovascular Médio-Médio e Alto-Alto. Ainda, ter formação profissional fora da área da saúde e estar trabalhando se associaram positivamente à trajetória de risco cardiovascular Médio-Médio, enquanto ser ativo fisicamente se associou negativamente à trajetória de risco cardiovascular Alto-Alto. Conclusão: Poucos estudos foram conduzidos para avaliar o alto risco cardiovascular de 30 anos, sendo que em nenhum deles foram estimados fatores associados ao desfecho. Nossos achados científicos indicaram que praticar atividade física reduz a incidência do alto risco cardiovascular de 30 anos. Homens, pessoas que trabalham e com consumo elevado de alimentos processados devem ser monitorados com maior cautela, pois apresentaram maior susceptibilidade de ocorrência do alto risco cardiovascular de 30 anos. Adultos jovens e com melhor situação socioeconômica possuem uma trajetória de baixo risco cardiovascular de 30 anos, entretanto, há uma tendência de piora desta trajetória ao longo do tempo devido aos maus hábitos de vida. Dessa forma, é essencial a implementação de estratégias de prevenção para evitar o adoecimento cardiovascular.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main public health problem worldwide. Therefore, the assessment of cardiovascular risk, with the identification of its risk and protection factors and their trajectories over time, are important for proposing, consolidating and implementing measures to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. General objective: To analyze the 30-year trajectory and determinants of high cardiovascular risk in participants of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME Study). Methods: Initially, an integrative literature review was performed, followed by two prospective cohort studies. A) Article 1 ­ integrative review of the literature on the estimation of high cardiovascular risk and its associated factors, carried out in the databases Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and the Virtual Health Library portal; B) Article 2 ­ Prospective open cohort developed with 2,854 participants of the CUME Study, which is a multicenter research conducted with graduates from seven federal public institutions of higher education in the State of Minas Gerais since 2016. The incidence of high cardiovascular risk at 30 years was calculated using the Framingham score and its determinants were estimated using hierarchical multivariate analysis by the Cox regression technique; C) Article 3 ­ Prospective closed study developed with 1,286 participants from CUME, who answered the baseline questionnaire in 2016, the two-year follow-up questionnaire in 2018 and the four-year follow-up questionnaire in 2020. The risk Cardiovascular was assessed using the 30-year Framingham score. The identification of cardiovascular risk trajectories was performed using the latent class growth modeling technique using the normal censored model. The analysis of the factors independently associated with each of the trajectories was conducted using the multinomial logistic regression technique. Results: Article 1 ­ 13 articles were selected with one or more factors associated with high cardiovascular risk, according to the Framingham score over 10 years. No article investigated the factors associated with 30-year high cardiovascular risk. Article 2 ­ After an average of 2.62 years of follow-up, the incidence of high cardiovascular risk at 30 years was 8.1 cases/1,000 person-years in females and 20.2 cases/1,000 person-years in males. Male sex (Hazard Ratio ­ HR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.58 - 3.46), work (HR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.13 - 3.99), high food intake processed foods (HR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.21 - 4.90) and being physically active (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41 - 0.98) were independently associated with high cardiovascular risk 30 years old; Article 3 - Three 30-year cardiovascular risk trajectories were identified: Low-Low (68.3%), Medium-Medium (26.2%) and High-High (5.5%). Over time, cardiovascular risk showed a slight increase for the Low-Low trajectory (2.9%), a moderate increase for the Medium-Medium trajectory (7.6%) and a high increase for the High-High trajectory (13%). Being male, living in a stable relationship, having moderate and high consumption of ultra-processed foods were positively associated with Medium-Medium and High-High cardiovascular risk trajectories. Also, having professional training outside the health area and being working were positively associated with the Medium-Medium cardiovascular risk trajectory, while being physically active was negatively associated with the High-High cardiovascular risk trajectory. Conclusion: Few studies were conducted to assess the 30-year high cardiovascular risk, and none of them estimated factors associated with the outcome. Our scientific findings indicated that practicing physical activity reduces the incidence of 30-year high cardiovascular risk. Men, people who work and with a high consumption of processed foods should be monitored with greater caution, as they were more susceptible to the occurrence of the high cardiovascular risk of 30 years. Young adults with better socioeconomic status have a 30-year trajectory of low cardiovascular risk, however, there is a tendency for this trajectory to worsen over time due to bad lifestyle habits. Thus, it is essential to implement prevention strategies to avoid cardiovascular disease.

The Bayley Social-Emotional Scale and the Assessment of Preterm Infants: a systematic review / Escala Socioemocional Bayley e Avaliação de Bebês Prematuros: uma revisão sistemática / Escala Socioemocional de Bayley y Evaluación para Bebés Prematuros: una revisión sistemática

The Bayley scale is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing infant development. This article aimed to systematically review the contribution of the Bayley social-emotional scale in the assessment of social-emotional development in preterm infants. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. According to the inclusion criteria, 19 articles were selected from electronic databases. The results indicate reduced rates in evaluating the scale for children with lower gestational age, birth weight, and the association with environmental, biological, and hospital clinical factors. However, no analysis was found between the axes that guide the social-emotional development milestones present in the Bayley assessment and the developmental outcomes of preterm children. Bayley's social-emotional scale and other assessment methods can jointly compose a detailed and sensitive protocol for preterm infants regarding early childhood emotional health care. (AU)

A escala Bayley é um dos instrumentos mais utilizados para avaliação do desenvolvimento infantil. O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a contribuição da escala socioemocional, pertencente à Bayley, na avaliação de crianças prematuras. A revisão seguiu as recomendações PRISMA e foi registrada no PROSPERO. Conforme critérios de inclusão, 19 artigos foram selecionados a partir de bancos de dados eletrônicos. Os resultados indicam índices reduzidos na avaliação da escala para crianças com menor idade gestacional, peso ao nascer e a associação com fatores ambientais, biológicos e clínicos hospitalares. No entanto, não foram encontradas análises entre os eixos que orientam os marcos de desenvolvimento socioemocional, presentes na avaliação Bayley e os resultados do desenvolvimento das crianças prematuras. A escala socioemocional da Bayley e outros métodos de avaliação podem conjuntamente compor um protocolo detalhado e sensível destinado ao cuidado da saúde emocional de crianças nascidas prematuras. (AU)

La escala Bayley es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados para la evaluación del desarrollo infantil. El propósito del artículo fue revisar sistemáticamente la contribución de la escala socioemocional de Bayley en la evaluación de bebés prematuros. La revisión siguió las recomendaciones PRISMA y fue registrada en PROSPERO. Según los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron 19 artículos de bases de datos electrónicas. Los resultados indican índices reducidos en la evaluación de la escala para niños con menor edad gestacional, peso al nacer asociaciados con factores ambientales, biológicos y clínicos hospitalarios. Sin embargo, no se encontraron análisis entre los ejes que orientan los hitos del desarrollo socioemocional, presentes en la evaluación Bayley, y los resultados del desarrollo de los niños prematuros. La Escala Socioemocional de Bayley y otros métodos de evaluación pueden formar en conjunto un protocolo detallado y sensible para el cuidado de la salud emocional de niños prematuros. (AU)

A ocorrência de infecção por COVID-19 em pacientes assintomáticos na testagem pré-operatória / The occurrence of COVID-19 infection in preoperative testing of asymptomatic patients / La ocurrencia de infección por COVID-19 en pruebas preoperatorias de pacientes asintomáticos

Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de pacientes cirúrgicos assintomáticos com teste para COVID-19 positivo, delimitar o perfil epidemiológico, identificar o tipo de cirurgia e a especialidade, bem como determinar o tempo de execução do procedimento cirúrgico após testagem positiva. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectiva, em um hospital de grande porte, filantrópico, de São Paulo, realizado no período de março a setembro de 2020, baseado na análise de dados de prontuário. Resultados: Foram 4.870 procedimentos cirúrgicos, dos quais 3.688 pacientes tiveram coleta de exame PCR. A ocorrência de pacientes cirúrgicos posi-tivos e assintomáticos foi de 1,7%; no perfil epidemiológico, observa-se predominância de sexo masculino, meia-idade, com classificação de risco anestésico ASA II e em procedimentos das especialidades de ortopedia, urologia, ginecologia e gastroenterologia. A execução do teste foi de dois dias pré-procedimento e a presença de pacientes com sintomas em até 14 dias após testagem foi de 0,5%. Conclusão: A ocorrência de pacientes cirúrgicos positivos e assintomáticos foi pequena dentro do quantitativo analisado, os achados deste estudo são similares aos de estudos nacionais e internacionais em relação a especialidade, comorbidades e idade

Objective: To analyze the occurrence of asymptomatic surgical patients with a positive COVID-19 test, delimit the epidemiological profile, iden-tify the type of surgery and specialty, as well as determine the time for performing the surgical procedure after a positive test. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study, in a large, philanthropic hospital in São Paulo, carried out from March to September 2020, based on the analysis of medical records. Results:There were 4,870 surgical procedures, of which 3,688 patients underwent a PCR test. The occurrence of positive and asymptomatic surgical patients was 1.7%; in the epidemiological profile, there is a predominance of males, middle-aged, with ASA II anesthetic risk classification and in procedures of the spe-cialties of orthopedics, urology, gynecology, and gastroenterology. The test was carried out two days before the procedure and the presence of patients with symptoms within 14 days after testing was 0.5%. Conclusion: The occurrence of positive and asymptomatic surgical patients was small within the quantita-tive analyzed, the findings of this study are similar to those of national and international studies in relation to specialty, comorbidities, and age

Objetivo: Analizar la ocurrencia de pacientes quirúrgicos asintomáticos con prueba COVID-19 positiva, delimitar el perfil epidemiológico, iden-tificar el tipo de cirugía y especialidad, así como determinar el tiempo para realizar el procedimiento quirúrgico luego de una prueba positiva. Método:Este es un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, en un gran hospital filantrópico de São Paulo, realizado de marzo a septiembre de 2020, basado en el análi-sis de registros médicos. Resultados: Se realizaron 4.870 procedimientos quirúrgicos, de los cuales se recolectó examen PCR a 3.688 pacientes. La ocur-rencia de pacientes quirúrgicos positivos y asintomáticos fue de 1,7%; en el perfil epidemiológico predomina el sexo masculino, de mediana edad, con clasificación de riesgo anestésico ASA II y en procedimientos de las especialidades de ortopedia, urología, ginecología y gastroenterología. La prueba se realizó dos días antes del procedimiento y la presencia de pacientes con síntomas dentro de los 14 días posteriores a la prueba fue del 0,5%. Conclusión:La ocurrencia de pacientes quirúrgicos positivos y asintomáticos fue pequeña dentro de lo cuantitativo analizado, los hallazgos de este estudio son simi-lares a los de estudios nacionales e internacionales en relación a especialidad, comorbilidades y edad

Erysipelas after surgery for breast cancer: a real-world cohort

Erysipelas is often related to lymphedema, which can occur in up to 60% of cases, with advanced age, radiotherapy, tumor extension, surgical approach, and infections as risk factors. The aim of this study was to present and discuss a series of cases of erysipelas after breast cancer surgery treated in a private mastology clinic over the past ten years. This is a retrospective horizontal cohort study in which we selected all cases of erysipelas after breast cancer surgery from 2009 to 2019. The following were evaluated: number of patients treated with a diagnosis of breast carcinoma with axillary approach, age, surgery performed, adjuvant treatment and treatment of erysipelas, presence of lymphedema, and measurement of circumferences between both arms and associated diseases. A total of 12 cases of breast cancer were treated. In 66.66% of cases, a radical axillary lymphadenectomy was performed, and in 16.66% of cases, only a sentinel lymph node investigation was performed. The average age was 67.6 years. Erysipelas appeared, on average, 43 months after cancer diagnosis. Two deaths were reported due to severe erysipelas leading to sepsis. More studies are still needed on the subject. Of the 12 cases in this study, eight (66.66%) were associated with lymphedema. Only two (16.66%) of the patients in this group who developed erysipelas were not submitted to axillary dissection. The treatment for 50% of the participants in this research was with penicillin G benzathine. There were three relapses, and two patients died during the research period

Immediate and early engagement of same-day antiretroviral therapy initiation among newly diagnosed people living with HIV in urban Zambia: a retrospective cohort study

Introduction: as Zambia moves towards attaining human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic control, it is clear significant efforts are required to facilitate achievement of UNAIDS treatment targets by 2030. To accelerate progress towards global target of 95% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) knowing their status, country is promoting community-based HIV testing and same-day antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. However, there are uncertainties of how this strategy affects immediate and early engagement in program settings. To address this research gap, we analysed a programme data of PLHIV newly diagnosed and initiated on ART in community and health facility settings. Study objectives were to estimate the proportion of immediate engagement, to estimate early engagement among newly diagnosed PLHIV and, to examine factors independently associated with immediate and early engagement in care among newly diagnosed PLHIV offered same-day ART initiation. Methods: we included all newly diagnosed PLHIV aged 18 years or older and provided same-day ART initiation between October 2018 and January 2019 in Lusaka District. Immediate engagement was estimated as proportion of newly diagnosed PLHIV who visited the health facility at least once within 14 days after same-day ART initiation, whereas early engagement as proportion of newly diagnosed PLHIV active 6 months after same-day ART initiation. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to assess association of outcomes with key background characteristics. Results: of 12,777 newly diagnosed PLHIV who initiated same day ART 7,943 (62%) were tested and initiated in the community. Overall, 6,257 (49%) engaged within 14 days (median 15, IQR: 13-37). Older individuals (36-49 years) were more likely to be engaged at 14 days (aRR 1.29; 95%CI 1.06 - 1.18; p<0.001) and retained at 6 months (aRR1.27;95%CI 1.21-1.34P<0.001) whilst risk of attrition at 6 months was highest in younger ages (18-24 years) (aRR 0.79;95 %CI 0.76-0.82; p<0.001). Conclusion: to adequately address the HIV epidemic targeted engagement approaches are required particularly in the younger ages.

Factors associated with severe maternal, fetuses and neonates' outcomes in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro State / Fatores associados a desfechos graves maternos, fetais e neonatais em um hospital universitário do estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the burden of parturients, fetuses and neonate's severe morbidity and mortality and investigate the association between maternal and their conceptus outcomes. Methods: retrospective cohort of 546 parturients and their conceptus in a university hospital, reference for high-risk pregnancy, in the metropolitan region II of Rio de Janeiro State from 2015 to 2017. We classified parturients according to obstetric morbidity (OM) in direct, indirect, or mixed, and their outcomes as: 1) no severity, 2) severe complication (SC), 3) critical intervention/Intensive Care Unit, and 4) greater severity -maternal near-miss (MNM) or death. We evaluated the conceptus as neonatal near-miss (NNM) and fetal and neonatal deaths. We estimated morbimortality indicators and associated factors (multinomial logistic regression). Results: OM was frequent: 29.3% indirect, 22.3% direct, and 15.8% mixed. There were eight cases of NMM, seven with direct MO. Among the conceptus: 7.5% were NNM cases and 4.4%, deaths. The risk of severe maternal outcomes was 16.8 and neonatal, 102.6/1000 live births. Mixed race, inadequate prenatal care, CG and NMM/death, were associated with NNM. Inadequate prenatal care and maternal NM/death were associated with conceptus deaths. Conclusion: even in a reference unit, sociodemographic, and health care inequalities negatively affect mothers and, consequently, their children.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar a carga de morbidade grave e mortalidade em parturientes, fetos e neonatos e investigar a associação entre os desfechos maternos e de seus conceptos. Métodos: coorte retrospectiva de 546 parturientes e seus conceptos no hospital universitário referência para gravidez de alto risco da região metropolitana II do estado do Rio de Janeiro (ERJ), de 2015 a 2017. Classificamos as parturientes segundo morbidade obstétrica (MO) em direta, indireta e mista, e seus desfechos como: 1) sem gravidade, 2) complicação grave (CG), 3) intervenção crítica/ Unidade Terapia Intensiva e 4) maior gravidade-near miss materno (NMM) ou óbito. Avaliamos os conceptos quanto a near miss neonatal (NMN), óbitos fetais e neonatais. Estimamos indicadores de morbimortalidade, e fatores de associação (regressão logística multinomial). Resultados: MO foi frequente: 29,3% indiretas, 22,3% diretas e 15,8% mista. Ocorreram oito casos de NMM, sete com MO direta. Entre os conceptos,7,5% foram casos de NMN e 4,4%, óbitos. O risco de desfecho grave materno foi 16,8 e neonatal, 102,6 p/1000 nascidos vivos. Estiveram associados ao NMN: cor parda, pré-natal inadequado, CG e NMM/óbito; e ao óbito do concepto: pré-natal inadequado e NMM/óbito. Conclusão: mesmo em situação de referência, desigualdades sociodemográficas e assistenciais afetam negativamente mães e, consequentemente, seus conceptos.

Profile of pregnant women and children accompanied due to T. gondii exposure at a referred healthcare center: What has changed in 10 years? / Perfil de gestantes e crianças acompanhadas por exposição ao Toxoplasma gondii num centro de referência: O que mudou 10 anos depois?

Abstract Objectives: to characterize the profile of pregnant women and newborns accompanied at a reference center for infectious-parasitic diseases, after the exposure of T. gondii, establishing comparisons with a previous study, in the same location, ten years ago. Methods: this is a retrospective cohort study, with a follow-up of four years (2016 to 2019), using the previous study carried out from 2002 to 2010 as a comparative for the variables assessed. Mothers who presented tests suggestive of seroconversion for the disease during prenatal care and their respective concepts, followed up over a year, were included. The chi-square test was used, assuming a significance level of 5% for the comparison of the groups in the two periods. Results: during the period from 2016 to 2019, 79 binomials were studied, whereas 58 binomials were accompanied in the previous period. Comparing both periods, the findings showed lower proportions of adolescents (p<0.001), with low schooling (p<0.001), with low serological testing (p<0.001) and with late or postnatal diagnosis (p<0.001). As to the children, the findings showed fewer changes in fundoscopy (p<0.001), strabismus (p=0.002), hepatomegaly (p=0.026) and any sequelae (p<0.001). Conclusion: a positive advance was observed regarding the care provided for the mother-child binomial affected by T. gondii, with a reduction in negative outcomes for the child. However, there are still challenges concerning the diagnosis and proper management of the disease.

Resumo Objetivos: caracterizar o perfil de gestantes e neonatos acompanhadas em um centro de referência em doenças infecto-parasitárias, após exposição ao Toxoplasma gondii, estabelecendo comparações em relação a estudo prévio, no mesmo local, há dez anos. Métodos: trata-se de estudo de coorte retrospectivo, com seguimento de quatro anos (2016 a 2019), servindo o estudo prévio realizado de 2002 a 2010 como comparativo para as variáveis estudadas. Foram incluídas mães que apresentaram durante o pré-natal exames sugestivos soroconversão para a doença e seus respectivos conceptos, acompanhados ao longo de um ano. Utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado, assumindo-se nível de significância de 5% para a comparação dos grupos nos dois períodos. Resultados: durante o período de 2016 a 2019, foram estudados 79 binômios, enquanto no período anterior foram acompanhados 58 binômios. Comparando-se os dois períodos, em relação às mães, registraram-se menores proporções de adolescentes (p<0,001), de baixa escolaridade (p<0,001), baixa realização de testes sorológicos (p<0,001) e com diagnóstico tardio ou pós-natal (p<0,001). Em relação às crianças, verificaram-se menores proporções de alterações de fundoscopia (p<0,001), estrabismo (p=0,002), hepatomegalia (p=0,026) e qualquer sequela (p<0,001). Conclusão: observou-se um avanço em relação aos cuidados para o binômio mãe-filho acometido pelo T. gondii, com redução de desfechos negativos sobre a criança. Todavia, ainda existem desafios para o diagnóstico e adequado manejo da doença.

Determinants of successful labor induction in a teaching hospital in Nigeria: a 10-year review / Determinantes da indução do trabalho de parto bem sucedida em hospital-escola na Nigéria: uma revisão de 10 anos

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the success rate of labor induction and determinants of successful outcome. Methods: retrospective cohort study of parturients that undergone labor induction between 2006 and 2015. Data was retrieved from the medical records and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the determinants of successful labor induction. Results: the rate of labor induction was 10.9%. Out of the 940 women analysed, six hundred and fifty-six women (69.8%) had successful vaginal delivery. Labor induction at 39-40 weeks (OR=2.70; CI95%=1.17-6.36), 41 weeks (OR=2.44; CI95%=1.14-5.28), estimated fetal weight between 2.5 and 3.4kg (OR=4.27, CI95%=1.96-5.59) and estimated fetal weight of 3.5-3.9kg (OR=5.45; CI95%=2.81-10.60) increased the odds of achieving vaginal delivery. Conclusions: our findings suggest that 39, 40 and 41 weeks are optimal gestational ages for labor induction with respect to successful vaginal delivery. Also, estimated fetal weight between 2.5kg and 3.9kg favours successful vaginal delivery.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a taxa de sucesso da indução do trabalho de parto e determinantes de um resultado bem sucedido. Métodos: estudo de coorte retrospectivo de parturientes que submeteram a indução de trabalho de parto entre 2006 e 2015. Os dados foram recuperados dos registros médicos e a regressão logística multivariada foi utilizada para avaliar os determinantes da indução de trabalho de parto bem sucedida. Resultados: a taxa de indução de trabalho de parto foi de 10,9%. Das 940 mulheres analisadas, seiscentas e cinquenta e seis mulheres (69,8%) tiveram um parto vaginal bem sucedido. A indução de trabalho de parto nas 39-40 semanas (OR=2,70; IC95%=1,17-6,36), 41 semanas (OR=2,44; IC95%=1,14-5,28), peso fetal estimado entre 2,5 e 3,4kg OR=4,27; IC95%=1,96-5,59) e peso fetal estimado entre 3,5-3,9kg (OR=5,45; IC95%=2,81-10,60) aumentou as probabilidades de conseguir um parto vaginal. Conclusões: as nossas conclusões sugerem que as 39, 40 e 41 semanas são idades gestacionais ideais para a indução do trabalho de parto no que diz respeito ao sucesso do parto vaginal. Além disso, o peso fetal estimado entre 2,5kg e 3,9kg favorece o parto vaginal bem sucedido.