ABSTRACT
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e descrever os cuidados essenciais que os enfermeiros devem ter ao atuar em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura, com uma abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. As buscas foram realizadas PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e BIREME. Resultados: Os cuidados de enfermagem desempenham um papel crucial na recuperação e bem-estar dos pacientes em estado crítico na UTI. As intervenções dos enfermeiros devem ser embasadas em conhecimento científico, empatia e habilidades técnicas avançadas. Discute-se a importância da monitorização rigorosa, controle de infecções, prevenção de complicações da imobilidade, abordagem holística ao paciente e comunicação efetiva na UTI. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os enfermeiros devem basear suas intervenções em conhecimento científico, empatia e habilidades técnicas avançadas, destacando-se a importância da monitorização, controle de infecções, prevenção de complicações da imobilidade, abordagem holística ao paciente e comunicação efetiva na UTI.(AU)
Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify and describe the essential care that nurses must take when working in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: A bibliographical review of the literature was carried out, with a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory approach. The searches were carried out in PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and BIREME. Results: Nursing care plays a crucial role in the recovery and well-being of critically ill patients in the ICU. Nurses' interventions must be based on scientifi c knowledge, empathy and advanced technical skills. The importance of rigorous monitoring, infection control, prevention of immobility complications, a holistic approach to the patient and effective communication in the ICU are discussed. Conclusion: It is concluded that nurses must base their interventions on scientifi c knowledge, empathy and advanced technical skills, highlighting the importance of monitoring, infection control, prevention of immobility complications, a holistic approach to the patient and effective communication in the ICU.(AU)
Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue identifi car y describir los cuidados esenciales que deben tener las enfermeras cuando trabajan en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfi ca de la literatura, con un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio. Las búsquedas se realizaron en PubMed, SciELO, LILACS y BIREME. Resultados: Los cuidados de enfermería juegan un papel crucial en la recuperación y el bienestar de los pacientes críticos en la UCI. Las intervenciones de las enfermeras deben basarse en el conocimiento científi co, la empatía y las habilidades técnicas avanzadas. Se discute la importancia de un seguimiento riguroso, el control de infecciones, la prevención de complicaciones de la inmovilidad, un enfoque holístico del paciente y una comunicación efi caz en la UCI. Conclusión: Se concluye que los enfermeros deben basar sus intervenciones en el conocimiento científi co, la empatía y las habilidades técnicas avanzadas, resaltando la importancia del seguimiento, control de infecciones, prevención de complicaciones de la inmovilidad, abordaje holístico del paciente y comunicación efectiva en la UCI.(AU)
Subject(s)
Critical Care , Intensive Care Units , Nursing, TeamABSTRACT
Introdução: Pacientes hospitalizados, por causas diversas, podem apresentar comprometimentos de fala e linguagem que os coloquem em situação de vulnerabilidade comunicativa, influenciando sua funcionalidade. Adota-se a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) para análise, sob esta perspectiva. Objetivo: Analisar a linguagem e funcionalidade de pessoas em vulnerabilidade comunicativa, em cuidados intensivo e semi-intensivo no hospital, pela CIF, como base conceitual. Método: Estudodescritivo e transversal, constituído por 18 participantes. Para a coleta de dados realizou-se: (i) levantamento dos prontuários, para caracterização do perfil sociodemográfico e das condições clínicas dos participantes; (ii) aplicação do protocolo ICUCS (Intensive Care Unit Communication Screening Protocol);(iii) introdução da Comunicação Suplementar e/ou Alternativa (CSA) e (iv) diário de campo (registro dos relatos). Os resultados foram analisados pela CIF e realizada análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes estava alerta e compreendia comandos simples, sendo que 39% apresentaram problema grave de expressão de linguagem. Quanto à atividade e participação, 50% apresentaram dificuldade grave no falar, 33%, em iniciar e em manter conversas. Quanto aos fatores ambientais, familiares e profissionais de Saúde foram apontados tanto como facilitadores quanto como barreiras para a comunicação. A CSA foi vista como facilitadora da comunicação. Conclusão: Os participantes apresentaram alteração de expressão da linguagem oral, com compreensão preservada e dificuldades de atividade e participação, com impacto nos fatores ambientais, sendo a CSA uma facilitadora da comunicação. Reafirma-se a aplicabilidade da CIF no contexto hospitalar, para pessoas em vulnerabilidade comunicativa, para cuidado ampliado e humanizado.
Introduction: Hospitalized patients, due to various causes, may present impairment of speech and language which may lead them to a situation of communicative vulnerability, influencing its functioning. The ICF - International Classification of functioning, Disability and Health is adopted to perform this analysis, under this perspective. Purpose: To analyze the language and functioning of people in communicative vulnerability, under intensive or semi-intensive care at the hospital, according to ICF, as a concept basis. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, composed by 18 participants. Data collected through: (i) hospital chart survey analysis, in order to characterize sociodemographic profile and clinical conditions of the participants; (ii) application of ICUCS - Intensive Care Unit Communication Screening Protocol; (iii) introduction of AAC - Augmentative and Alternative Communication and (iv) field journal (entries of reports). The results were analyzed by ICF and then performed descriptive statistic analyses. Results: Most participants were alert and could comprehend simple commands, from which 39% presented severe problems regarding language expression. Regarding activity and participation, 50% presented severe difficulty of speaking and 33% of starting and keeping conversations. Regarding environmental, family and health professionals factors, they have all been appointed both as facilitators and barriers to communication. AAC was seen as a communication facilitator. Conclusion: Participants presented alteration of oral language expression, preserved comprehension and difficulties in activity and participation with impact in environmental factors, being AAC a communication facilitator. Reassurance of applicability of ICF in hospital context, directed to people in communicative vulnerability, regarding ample and humanized treatment.
Los pacientes hospitalizados, por las causas diversas, pueden presentar deterioro de la funcionalidad del habla y del lenguaje que se sitúa en el discurso comunicativo, lo que influye en su funcionalidad. Se utiliza la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF) para análisis desde esta perspectiva. Objetivo: Analizar el lenguaje y la funcionalidad de personas en vulnerabilidad comunicativa, en cuidados intensivos y semiintensivos hospitalarios, utilizando la CIF, como fundamento conceptual. Método: Estudiodescriptivo y transversal, con 18 participantes. La recogida de datos incluyó: (i) estudios de las historias clínicas, para caracterizar el perfil sociodemográfico y las condiciones clínicas de los participantes; (ii) la aplicación del protocolo ICUCS (Intensive Care Unit Communication Screening Protocol);(iii) la introducción de la Comunicación Aumentativa y Alternativa (CAA) y (iv) un diario de campo (registro de informes). Los resultados se analizaron por la CIF y se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: La mayoría de los participantes estaban alerta y entendían órdenes sencillas, el 39% presentaron graves problemas para expresarse en el lenguaje. Em cuanto, a la actividad y la participación, el 50% tenía graves dificultades para hablar, y el 33%, para iniciar y mantener conversaciones. Los factores ambientales, los miembros de la familia y los profesionales sanitarios fueron identificados tanto como facilitadores como obstáculo para la comunicación. Se consideró que el CAA facilitaba la comunicación. Conclusión: Los participantes presentaban alteración en la expresión del lenguaje oral, con entendimiento resguardado y dificultades en la actividad y la participación, con impacto en los factores ambientales, siendo la CAA facilitadora de la comunicación. Se reafirma la aplicabilidad de la CIF en el contexto hospitalario, para personas en vulnerabilidad comunicativa, para la atención ampliada y humanizada.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health , Hospital Communication Systems , Speech Disorders , Cross-Sectional Studies , Communication Aids for Disabled , Critical Care , Nervous System DiseasesABSTRACT
La terapia de alto flujo se ha popularizado durante los últimos años, basada en sus efectos fisiológicos, la entrega de una fracción inspirada de oxígeno segura y estable, sumada al flujo calefaccionado y humidificado, lo que hizo posible su utilización en distintos escenarios. Sin embargo, los estudios que muestran estos beneficios y efectos se han realizado, principalmente, con el empleo de una cánula nasal; mientras que las características de esta terapia en los pacientes traqueostomizados no se ha desarrollado suficientemente. Proponemos aquí una revisión narrativa con las características más salientes de la terapia de alto flujo en este subgrupo de pacientes.
High-flow therapy has become popular in recent years, based on its physiological effects, the delivery of a safe and stable inspired fraction of oxygen, combined with heated and humidified flow, which made its use possible in different scenarios. However, studies demonstrating these benefits and effects have been mainly conducted using a nasal cannula, while the characteristics of this therapy in tracheostomized patients have not been sufficiently developed. We propose a narrative review highlighting the most relevant characteristics of high-flow therapy in this subgroup of patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Respiratory Therapy/methods , Tracheostomy/statistics & numerical data , Respiration, Artificial , Review , Critical Care , CannulaABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: El control y la evaluación de los niveles glucémicos de pacientes en estado críticos es un desafío y una competencia del equipo de enfermería. Por lo que, determinar las consecuencias de esta durante la hospitalización es clave para evidenciar la importancia del oportuno manejo. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la glucemia inestable (hiperglucemia e hipoglucemia), el resultado de la hospitalización y la duración de la estancia de los pacientes en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado con 62 pacientes a conveniencia en estado crítico entre marzo y julio de 2017. Se recogieron muestras diarias de sangre para medir la glucemia. Se evaluó la asociación de la glucemia inestable con la duración de la estancia y el resultado de la hospitalización mediante ji al cuadrado de Pearson. El valor de p<0.05 fue considerado significativo. Resultados: De las 62 personas participantes, 50 % eran hombres y 50 % mujeres. La edad media fue de 63.3 años (±21.4 años). La incidencia de glucemia inestable fue del 45.2 % y se asoció con una mayor duración de la estancia en la UCI (p<0.001) y una progresión a la muerte como resultado de la hospitalización (p=0.03). Conclusión: Entre quienes participaron, la glucemia inestable se asoció con una mayor duración de la estancia más prolongada y con progresión hacia la muerte, lo que refuerza la importancia de la actuación de enfermería para prevenir su aparición.
Resumo Introdução: O controle e avaliação dos níveis glicêmicos em pacientes críticos é um desafio e uma competência da equipe de enfermagem. Portanto, determinar as consequências da glicemia instável durante a hospitalização é chave para evidenciar a importância da gestão oportuna. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre glicemia instável (hiperglicemia e hipoglicemia), os desfechos hospitalares e o tempo de permanência dos pacientes em uma unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Um estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado com 62 pacientes a conveniência em estado crítico entre março e julho de 2017. Foram coletadas amostras diariamente de sangue para medir a glicemia. A associação entre a glicemia instável com o tempo de permanência e o desfecho da hospitalização foi avaliada pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. O valor de p <0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: Das 62 pessoas participantes, 50% eram homens e 50% mulheres. A idade média foi de 63,3 anos (±21,4 anos). A incidência de glicemia instável foi de 45,2% e se associou a um tempo de permanência mais prolongado na UTI (p <0,001) e uma progressão para óbito como desfecho da hospitalização (p = 0,03). Conclusão: Entre os participantes, a glicemia instável se associou a um tempo mais longo de permanência e com progressão para óbito, enfatizando a importância da actuação da equipe de enfermagem para prevenir sua ocorrência.
Abstract Introduction: The control and evaluation of glycemic levels in critically ill patients is a challenge and a responsibility of the nursing team; therefore, determining the consequences of this during hospitalization is key to demonstrate the importance of timely management. Objective: To determine the relationship between unstable glycemia (hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia), hospital length of stay, and the hospitalization outcome of patients in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted with 62 critically ill patients by convenience sampling between March and July 2017. Daily blood samples were collected to measure glycemia. The correlation of unstable glycemia with the hospital length of stay and the hospitalization outcome was assessed using Pearson's chi-square. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the 62 patients, 50% were male and 50% were female. The mean age was 63.3 years (±21.4 years). The incidence of unstable glycemia was 45.2% and was associated with a longer ICU stay (p<0.001) and a progression to death as a hospitalization outcome (p=0.03). Conclusion: Among critically ill patients, unstable glycemia was associated with an extended hospital length of stay and a progression to death, emphasizing the importance of nursing intervention to prevent its occurrence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Critical Care/statistics & numerical data , Diabetes Mellitus/nursing , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hyperglycemia/nursingABSTRACT
Objetivo:identificar fatores clínicos associados à sobrevida de pacientes com COVID-19 internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método:estudo de coorte retrospectivo, por meiode análise documental de 100 prontuários de pacientes com COVID-19 internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, no período marçoa maio de 2021. Resultados:os fatores sociodemográficos, comorbidades e fatores de risco indicaram mudança no perfil do paciente, em comparação aestudos realizados na primeira onda pandêmica. Dentre os fatores associados à sobrevida dos pacientes com COVID-19 internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva destacam-se a oxigenoterapia de baixo fluxo via nasal, a posição autoprona, a sedação com midazolam e o tempo de internação. Já a hemodiálise e o uso de rocurônio aumentaram o risco de óbito dos pacientes. Conclusão:os resultados podem contribuir para a tomada de decisões e melhorar o atendimento ao paciente crítico com COVID-19.
Objective:to identify clinical factors associated with the survival of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Method:retrospective cohort study, through documentary analysis of 100 medical records of patients with COVID-19 admitted to an Intensive Care Unit, in the period from Marchto May 2021. Results:sociodemographic factors, comorbidities,and risk factors indicated a change in the patient's profile, compared to studies carried out in the first pandemic wave. Among the factors associated with the survival of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, low-flow nasal oxygen therapy, prone position, sedation with midazolam and length of stay stand out. Hemodialysis and the use of rocuronium increased the risk of death for patients. Conclusion:the results can contribute to decision-making and improve care for critical patients with COVID-19
Objetivo:identificar factores clínicos asociados a la supervivencia de pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método:estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, mediante análisis documental de 100 historias clínicas de pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, en el período de marzoa mayo de 2021. Resultados:factores sociodemográficos, comorbilidades y factores de riesgo indicaron un cambio en el perfil del paciente, en comparación con estudios realizados en laprimera ola pandémica. Entre los factores asociados a la supervivencia de los pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos destacan la oxigenoterapia nasal de bajo flujo, la posición prona, la sedación con midazolam y el tiempo deestancia hospitalaria. La hemodiálisis y el uso de rocuronio aumentaron el riesgo de muerte de los pacientes. Conclusión:los resultados pueden contribuir a la toma de decisiones y mejorar la atención al paciente crítico con COVID-19
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Mortality , Nursing , Critical Care , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Se presenta a un paciente con liposarcoma mediastinal gigante con dolor torácico, disnea, cuyos estudios por imágenes revelaban la presencia de una gran tumoración de 42 cm en su diámetro mayor que abarcaba todo el mediastino, comprometía ambas cavidades torácicas, rechazaba los pulmones, corazón y grandes vasos. La biopsia con aguja cortante bajo guía ecográfica fue informada como liposarcoma. El paciente tuvo resección completa del tumor mediante la incisión Clamshell. En el post operatorio inmediato, presentó shock circulatorio más disfunción multiorgánica (DOMS): plaquetopenia, insuficiencia renal aguda con necesidad de soporte dialítico, injuria hepática. El soporte y monitoreo especializado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) permitió mejoría clínica y buena evolución. Salió de alta en buenas condiciones.
We present a patient with giant mediastinal liposarcoma with chest pain, dyspnea, whose imaging studies revealed the presence of a large tumor measuring 42 cm in its greatest diameter that covered the entire mediastinum, involved both thoracic cavities, rejected the lungs, heart and big glasses. The sharp needle biopsy under ultrasound guidance was reported as liposarcoma. The patient had complete resection of the tumor through the Clamshell incision. In the immediate postoperative period, he presented circulatory shock plus multiple organ dysfunction (DOMS): plateletopenia, acute renal failure with the need for dialytic support, liver injury. Specialized support and monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) allowed clinical improvement and good evolution. He was discharged in good condition.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Thoracotomy , Liposarcoma/surgery , Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Shock , Chest Pain , Tomography , Cough , Critical Care , Drug Therapy , Dyspnea , Image-Guided Biopsy , Multiple Organ Failure/surgeryABSTRACT
Objetivo: Relacionar las complicaciones y el riesgo de muerte en pacientes neurocríticos admitidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) del Hospital Universitario de Caracas durante un período de 5 meses. Métodos: investigación observacional, prospectiva, descriptiva. La muestra estuvo conformada por 65 pacientes neurocríticos, ≥ 18 años, con patologías médicas o quirúrgicas, ingresados en la UCI. El análisis estadístico incluyó la determinación de frecuencias, promedios, porcentajes y medias para descripción de variables y el T de Student. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 50,98 ± 16,66 años; la población masculinarepresentó el 50,76%. Entre las complicaciones, la mayor incidencia correspondió a las no infecciosas (70,77 %) y los trastornos ácido-básicos de tipo metabólico, la anemia y las alteraciones electrolíticas fueron las más frecuentes; el 29,23% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones infecciosas, y la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica fue la más frecuente (73,91 %). La comorbilidad con mayor incidencia fue hipertensión arterial sistémica (53,84%). El 90.70% requirió ventilación mecánica y el tiempo en VM fue 4.29 ± 6.43 días. La estancia en UCI fue 5.96 ± 7.72 días. El 29,23% presentó un puntaje en la escala APACHE II entre 5-9; el SAPS II presentó mayor incidencia entre los 6-21 y 22-37 puntos con (66,70%); el SOFA al ingreso se reportó < 15 puntos en 98,46% y > 15 en 1,53%. La mortalidad del grupo fue 23,08 % (n=15). Conclusiones: Las complicaciones no infecciosas predominaron sobre las infecciosas las primeras íntimamente relacionadas con la mortalida(AU)
Objective: To relate complications and the risk of death in neurocritical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the University Hospital of Caracas during a period of 5 months. Methods: observational, prospective, descriptive research. The sample was made up of 65 neurocritical patients, ≥ 18 years old, with medical or surgical pathologies, admitted to the ICU.The statistical analysis included the determination of frequencies, averages, percentages and meansfor description of variables and Student's T.Results: The average age was 50.98 ± 16.66 years; the male population represented 50.76%. Among the complications, the highest incidence corresponded to non-infectious complications (70.77%) and metabolic acid-base disorders, anemia and electrolyte alterations were the most frequent; 29.23% of patients presented infectious complications, and pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation was the most frequent (73.91%). The comorbidity with the highest incidence was systemic arterial hypertension (53.84%), 90.70% required mechanical ventilation and the time on MV was 4.29 ± 6.43 days. The ICU stay was 5.96 ± 7.72 days. 29.23% had a score on the APACHE II scale between 5-9; SAPS II presented the highest incidence between 6-21 and 22-37 points with (66.70%); The SOFA upon admission was reported to be < 15 points in 98.46% and > 15 in 1.53%. The mortality of the group was 23.08% (n=15). Conclusions: Non-infectious complications predominated over infectious complications, the former being closely related to mortalit(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Mortality , Critical Care , AnemiaABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: El absceso hepático (AH) es el tipo mas común de abscesos viscerales. Se estima que el perfil epidemiológico de esta enfermedad ha cambiado con el aumento de la resistencia de los microorganismos y el uso de nuevos medicamentos. OBJETIVO: Describir las características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de AH en un hospital universitario del suroccidente colombiano. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo, en la Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de AH hospitalizados entre 2011-2020. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 182 pacientes. La mediana de edad fUe 56 años (rango intercuartílico, 45-67) y 62,1% fueron hombres. El microrganismo mas común fue Klebsiella pneumoniae (17,6%). La mayoría requirió drenaje percutáneo (58,2%). El 58,8% tuvo un absceso único y 54,4% fue manejado en cuidados intensivos. El 7,1% de los pacientes falleció. Al comparar los casos que fueron manejados en cuidados intensivos vs. aquellos que no lo fueron, hubo más hepatomegalia (28,3 vs. 11,0%, p = 0,004), derrame pleural derecho (48,5 vs. 28,1%, p = 0,010), cirugía (42,4 vs. 13,4%, p < 0,001), falla terapéutica (22,2 vs. 7,3%, p = 0,007) y muerte (12,1 vs. 1,2%, p = 0,005) en los atendidos en UCI. CONCLUSIÓN: Las Enterobacterales son la principal causa de AH en nuestra población. La mortalidad ha disminuido, pero la hospitalización en cuidados intensivos sigue siendo alta.
BACKGROUND: Liver abscess (LA) is the most common type of visceral abscess. It is estimated that the epidemiological profile of this disease has changed with the increase in resistance and the use of new drugs. AIM: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of LA in a university hospital in the southwestern region of Colombia. METHODS: A. retrospective observational study was conducted at Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia. Patients older than 18 years with a diagnosis of LA hospitalized between 2011-2020 were included. RESULTS: A total of 182 patients were included. The median age was 56 years (interquartile range, 45-67) and 62.1% were men. The most common microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.6%). The majority required percutaneous drainage (58.2%). A 58.8% had a single abscess and 54.4% were treated in ICU. A 7.1% of the patients died. When comparing cases treated in the ICU vs. those who did not, there was more hepatomegaly (28.3 vs. 11.0%, p = 0.004), right pleural effusion (48.5 vs. 28.1%, p = 0.010), surgery (42.4 vs. 13.4%, p < 0.001), therapeutic failure (22.2 vs. 7.3%, p = 0.007) and death (12.1 vs. 1.2%, p = 0.005) in patients treated in ICU. CONCLUSION: Enterobacterales are the main cause of LA in our population. Mortality has decreased, but intensive care hospitalization remains high.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Liver Abscess/epidemiology , Drainage/methods , Retrospective Studies , Colombia , Critical Care , Hospitals, University , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Liver Abscess/microbiology , Liver Abscess/mortality , Liver Abscess/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Introducción: La sedación es uno de los pilares fundamentales del manejo del paciente crítico internado en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), sobre todo en aquellos que requieren Asistencia Ventilatoria Mecánica (AVM). Los fármacos que se utilizan con este propósito tienen el objetivo de lograr un adecuado nivel de conciencia en el paciente, de forma tal que se encuentre confortable y tolere la AVM. Los esquemas de sedación utilizados se encontraban basados en Benzodiacepinas, aunque, su uso no está exento de efectos adversos. El presente estudio pretende realizar una Revisión y Síntesis de la evidencia existente sobre la efectividad y seguridad del uso de dos nuevos fármacos, Propofol y Dexmedetomidina, para sedación continua en UTI y su comparación con los esque- mas tradicionales. Los Resultados respecto a la reducción de días en UTI resultó siempre significativa a favor del uso de propofol o dexmedetomidina en comparación a benzodiacepinas; lo mismo ocurrió con los días vinculados a la AVM. Estos resultados fueron encontrados en revisiones tanto de alta calidad como moderada o baja. Sin embargo, todos los estudios tuvieron en común que la calidad de la evidencia utilizada fue baja a moderada. Según la evidencia identificada, el uso de dexmedetomidina o propofol disminuiría de manera estadísticamente significativa los días de estadía en UTI y los requerimientos de AVM en pacientes adultos. Se debe tener en cuenta que la mayoría de las Revisiones encontradas fueron de calidad baja, siendo solamente 2 (dos) de calidad alta y una moderada. Es por esto último que la recomendación del uso de sedación basada en Dexmedetomidina o Propofol es condicional, ya que la calidad de la evidencia que la soporta es baja, en la mayoría de los casos.
Introductión: Sedation is one of the fundamental pillars of the management of critically ill patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), especially in those who require mechanical ventilatory assistance (MVA). The drugs used for this purpose have the objective of achieving an adequate level of consciousness in the patient, so that they are comfortable and tolerate AVM. The sedation schemes used were based on Benzodiazepines, however, their use is not free of adverse effects. The present work aims to carry out a review and synthesis of the existing evidence on the effectiveness and safety of the use of two new drugs Propofol and Dexmedetomidine for continuous sedation in ICU and its comparison with traditional regimens. The results regarding the reduction of days in ICU were always significant in favor of the use of Propofol or Dexmedetomidine compared to benzodiazepines; The same happened with the days linked to the AVM. These results were found in reviews of both high and moderate or low quality. However, what they all had in common was that the quality of the evidence used was low to moderate. According to the evidence identified, the use of Dexmedetomidine or Propofol would statistically significantly reduce the days of ICU stay and AVM requirements in adult patients. It should be taken into account that most of the reviews found were of low quality, with only 2 being of high quality, and 1 of moderate quality. It is for this last reason that the recommendation for the use of sedation based on Dexmedetomidine or Propofol is conditional, since the quality of the evidence supporting it is, for the most part, low.
Subject(s)
Deep Sedation , Midazolam , Propofol , Mortality , Critical Care , DexmedetomidineABSTRACT
Introduction: Family members of patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit present high uncertainty level due to not knowing what is happening and to not having clear details about the related events; therefore, interventions are required to allow modulating those levels. Objective: To evaluate the effect of an educational Nursing intervention compared to conventional care on the uncertainty of family members of patients hospitalized in an ICU. Materials and methods: An experimental study with a sample comprised by 132 relatives of patients admitted to an ICU, randomly distributed in four Solomon groups (33 in each group). The Nursing intervention based on the concepts of the Uncertainty in Illness Theory was applied to both experimental groups and devised under the Whittemore and Grey parameters with three moments: assessment; education about the relative's hospitalization in the ICU; and accompaniment. This was done with pre-assessments for two groups and post-assessments for the four groups, using the PPUS-FM Uncertainty Scale. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and respective non-parametric analyses. The study took into account the ethical principles in research. Results: The family members in the experimental groups presented a lower final uncertainty level when compared to the control groups, with a difference of 73.04 points and a p-value of 0.001. Discussion: Standardized interventions and under a theoretical model allow reducing uncertainty in relatives of patients in ICUs. Conclusions: The Nursing intervention based on the Uncertainty theory allows reducing uncertainty in relatives of patients hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit.
Subject(s)
Family , Critical Care , Uncertainty , Life Change Events , Nursing CareABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Descrever as evidências científicas acerca do ultrassom à beira do leito, executado pelos profissionais de saúde em ambiente crítico. MÉTODO: Revisão de escopo pautado nas normas e termos metodológicos do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), norteada pela pergunta "Como está descrito na literatura o uso do Point-of-Care Ultrasound - POCUS / ultrassom à beira do leito pelos profissionais de saúde na assistência direta ao paciente crítico?". A busca envolve nove bases de dados e na literatura cinzenta. A seleção de evidências se apresenta em três etapas, e para o gerenciamento das referências dos estudos se utiliza o software Mendeley. A avaliação dos estudos está sustentada nos critérios preestabelecidos de inclusão, e foi realizada por três revisores, sendo dois de modo independente e um terceiro para a preciação das divergências. Os dados extraídos têm apresentação descritiva e sintética dos resultados.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the scientific evidence about bedside ultrasound health professionals performing in a critical environment. METHOD: Scope review based on Joanna Briggs Institute methodological terms and standards, guided by the question "How is the use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound - POCUS / ultrasound at the bedside described in the literature by health professionals in direct care to critical patients?". The search involves nine data bases and in the gray literature. The selection of evidence is in three stages, and the Mendeley software is used to manage study references. The study evaluation is based on the pre-established inclusion criteria and was carried out by three reviewers, two independently and a third, to assess differences. The extracted data has a descriptive and synthetic presentation of the results.
Subject(s)
Ultrasonics , Health Personnel , Critical Care , Point-of-Care Testing , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
Background@#The association of obesity with adverse COVID-19 outcomes is known, but unexplored in younger adults.@*Objective@#To determine the association of obesity [body mass index (BMI) of ≥30] with severe COVID-19 outcomes in younger and older adults.@*Design@#Retrospective cohort study.@*Participants@#391 patients with COVID-19 (226 younger adults aged 18-60 years, and 165 older adults aged >60 years).@*Setting@#Southern Philippines Medical Center, Davao City, January 2021 to September 2021.@*Main outcome measures@#Severe COVID-19 outcomes (high-flow oxygen administration, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, death); odds ratio of severe outcomes in patients with BMI of ≥30.@*Main results@#Of 391 patients (median age of 57 years), 286 had a BMI of <30, while 105 had a BMI of ≥30. Univariate regression analysis showed that a BMI of ≥30 was significantly associated with any severe COVID-19 outcomes (OR=2.68; 95% CI 1.68 to 4.27; p<0.001). This remained after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (adjusted OR=3.19; 95% CI 1.93 to 5.27; p<0.001). A BMI of ≥30 was also significantly associated with any severe outcomes among younger adults (adjusted OR=4.04; 95% CI 2.23 to 7.32; p<0.001), but not among older adults (adjusted OR=1.80; 95% CI 0.70 to 4.64; p=0.227).@*Conclusion@#In our study, among all adults, a BMI of ≥30 significantly increased the odds of experiencing any severe COVID-19 outcomes. This association was also observed in the younger adult subgroup, but not in the older adult subgroup.
Subject(s)
SARS-CoV-2 , Body Mass Index , Immunity , Critical CareABSTRACT
Objectives@#This is the first study that provides an overview of the characteristics of a specialized Intensive Maternal Care Unit (IMU) that caters to obstetric-related conditions in the Philippines. This study aims to describe the different kinds of cases admitted into this facility, the different medical and surgical interventions employed, length of hospital stay, and maternal and fetal outcomes of these patients.@*Methods@#This is a cross-sectional descriptive study based on a chart review of medical records and admission charts of patients admitted to the Intensive Maternal Unit of a tertiary hospital in Manila from January 2017 to December 2019.@*Results@#There were a total of 17,185 obstetric admissions from 2017-2019. There were a total of 841 admissions (4%) into the Intensive Maternal Unit, with an average of 280 admissions per year. The average length of Intensive Maternal Unit stay was 10.46 days and the average length of hospital stay was 12.98 days. Maternal outcomes were the following: 56.89% were discharged undelivered while 38.92% delivered on their initial admission. The maternal mortality rate was 2.39% among those admitted to the IMU. Among those discharged undelivered, 43% were re-admitted, 6% were admitted twice, and 4% were admitted three times. The most common reason for admission was pregnancy-related hypertensive diseases (34%). Blood transfusion (2.4%), the use of ventilator support (0.6%), and the use of inotropic drugs (0.6%) were the major medical interventions. Cesarean section was the most common surgical intervention, seen in 54.49% of patients. Most neonates were admitted to the neonatal ICU (23.95%), at an average pediatric age of 33 weeks, with an average length of stay in the Neonatal ICU of 12.33 days.@*Conclusion@#Pregnant women are a special group of patients with different needs compared to the general patient population. Pregnancy-associated hypertensive disease is the most common cause of admission to the IMU and hospitals should be able to cater to these patients who will present in their institutions, as this may lead to poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. An Intensive Care Unit dedicated to complicated obstetric care in institutions is recommended to cater to high-risk pregnancies.
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Intensive Care Units , Critical CareABSTRACT
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has become an important technique in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases in children. In order to standardize the clinical application of BAL in children, the Branch of Pediatric Critical Care Physicians of Chinese Medical Association, in collaboration with other institutions, has developed the "Clinical practice guidelines for bronchoalveolar lavage in Chinese children (2024)" based on the principles of the World Health Organization guidelines and the formulation/revision principles of the Chinese clinical practice guidelines (2022 edition). This guideline provides 30 recommendations to guide the operational procedures of BAL in children.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Bronchoalveolar Lavage/standards , Critical Care , East Asian PeopleABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo apreender as percepções e vivências de enfermeiros sobre os cuidados paliativos em neonatologia. Método pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, tendo como base conceitual os cuidados paliativos, realizada com enfermeiros atuantes em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de três hospitais localizados em um município na região norte do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados no período de novembro de 2019 a janeiro de 2020, analisados por meio do referencial metodológico Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo Resultados participaram 20 enfermeiros, em sua maioria com tempo de experiência menor que 5 anos. Três temas traduzem as percepções e vivências dos enfermeiros: 1) Cuidados paliativos: da formação à vivência profissional; 2) Significando os cuidados paliativos em neonatologia; 3) Elegibilidade para os cuidados paliativos neonatais. Conclusão e implicações para a prática o enfermeiro refere lacunas em sua formação para a assistência ao recém-nascido em cuidados paliativos, no entanto muitos apresentaram a compreensão do significado de cuidados paliativos com foco na qualidade de vida dos bebês acometidos por uma situação ou doença incurável, incluindo a família. Tais aspectos apontam para a necessidade de formação e educação em saúde voltada para essa temática, bem como a implantação dos cuidados paliativos no serviço de neonatologia.
Resumen Objetivo comprender las percepciones y experiencias de los enfermeros sobre los cuidados paliativos en neonatología. Método investigación cualitativa, con base conceptual en los cuidados paliativos, realizada con enfermeros que actúan en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de tres hospitales ubicados en un municipio de la región norte de Paraná. Los datos fueron recolectados desde noviembre de 2019 a enero de 2020, analizados mediante el marco metodológico Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados participaron 20 enfermeras, la mayoría con menos de 5 años de experiencia. Tres temas reflejan las percepciones y experiencias de los enfermeros: 1) Cuidados paliativos: de la formación a la experiencia profesional; 2) Significado de los cuidados paliativos en neonatología; 3) Elegibilidad para cuidados paliativos neonatales. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica las enfermeras reportan lagunas en su formación para asistir a los recién nacidos en cuidados paliativos, sin embargo, muchas presentaron una comprensión del significado de los cuidados paliativos con un enfoque en la calidad de vida de los bebés afectados por una situación o enfermedad incurable, incluyendo la familia. Estos aspectos apuntan a la necesidad de capacitación y educación en salud enfocada en este tema, así como la implementación de cuidados paliativos en el servicio de neonatología.
Abstract Objective to grasp nurses' perceptions and experiences about palliative care in neonatology. Method qualitative research, with palliative care as its conceptual basis, carried out with nurses working in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of three hospitals located in a municipality in the northern region of Paraná. Data were collected from November 2019 to January 2020, analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject methodological framework. Results twenty nurses participated, most of them with less than 5 years of experience. Three topics reflect nurses' perceptions and experiences: 1) Palliative care: from training to professional experience; 2) Meaning palliative care in neonatology; 3) Eligibility for neonatal palliative care. Conclusion and implications for practice nurses report gaps in their training for assisting newborns in palliative care; however, many presented an understanding of the meaning of palliative care with a focus on quality of life of babies affected by an incurable situation or illness, including the family. These aspects point to the need for training and health education focused on this topic as well as the implementation of palliative care in the neonatology service.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Young Adult , Child Health Services , Neonatal Nursing , Critical CareABSTRACT
Introducción: Los pacientes críticos pediátricos son susceptibles de presentar alteraciones del flujo sanguíneo cerebral que impliquen un deterioro de su estado de salud funcional. Objetivo: Identificar factores predictores de mayor riesgo de mala evolución funcional en pacientes pediátricos críticos con sepsis. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo con menores de 18 años de edad con sepsis, ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. Se recogieron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y del estado de salud funcional previas al ingreso, al alta y a los 6 meses. El estado de salud funcional se evaluó mediante la escala de categorías de estado global y cerebral pediátrico. Se evaluó el cambio del estado funcional entre el ingreso y a los 6 meses del alta. Se realizó un análisis univariante para comparar grupos considerando el mal pronóstico y el cambio del estado funcional y su relación con las variables. Resultados: Se incluyeron 46 pacientes. A los 6 meses del alta, cuatro (8,7 por ciento) presentaron mal pronóstico funcional y ocho (17,4 por ciento) empeoramiento funcional respecto al ingreso. No se encontraron asociaciones entre las variables predictoras y la morbilidad, aunque se observó cierta tendencia en algunas como mayor soporte inotrópico (VIS > 20: 12,5 por ciento vs. 50 por ciento, p= 0,075), extracorpóreo y de reemplazo renal (25 por ciento vs. 2,6 por ciento, p= 0,074) y estancia hospitalaria más prolongada (50 por ciento vs. 15,8 por ciento , p= 0,055). Conclusiones: El soporte en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos no fue un predictor de morbilidad funcional en la muestra(AU)
Introduction: Critically ill pediatric patients are susceptible to cerebral blood flow alterations that imply a deterioration of their functional health status. Objective: To identify predictors of a higher risk of poor functional outcome in critically ill pediatric patients with sepsis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with children under 18 years of age with sepsis, who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. Epidemiological, clinical, and functional health status variables were collected prior to admission, discharge, and after 6 months. Functional health status was assessed using the Pediatric Global State and Brain Status Category Scale. The change in performance status between admission and 6 months after discharge was assessed. A univariate analysis was performed to compare groups considering poor prognosis and change in functional status and their relationship with the variables. Results: A total of 46 patients were included. At 6 months after discharge, four (8.7 percent) had a poor functional prognosis and eight (17.4 percent) had functional worsening at admission. No associations were found between the predictor variables and morbidity, although some trends were observed in some variables, such as greater inotropic support (SIV > 20: 12.5 percent vs. 50 percent, p = 0.075), extracorporeal and renal replacement (25 percent vs. 2.6 , percent p = 0.074), and longer hospital stay (50 percent vs. 15.8 percent , p = 0.055). Conclusions: Support in the pediatric intensive care unit was not a predictor of functional morbidity in the sample(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Health Status , Risk Factors , Sepsis/epidemiology , Patients , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Critical Care/methodsABSTRACT
Introdução: Pacientes com câncer apresentaram risco de desenvolver quadros respiratórios graves quando acometidos por covid-19, com necessidade de suporte intensivo e de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI). Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados ao óbito em pacientes oncológicos que tiveram covid-19 e evoluíram com insuficiência respiratória e necessidade de VMI. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo de pacientes com câncer em uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) oncológica, com covid-19 e em VMI de abril de 2020 a dezembro de 2021. Foram incluídos de forma sequencial todos os pacientes com câncer admitidos na UTI em VMI ou que evoluíram com VMI por agravamento da covid-19, sendo excluídos aqueles em controle da doença oncológica há mais de cinco anos. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizadas medidas de tendência central e dispersão, assim como frequências absolutas e relativas. A regressão logística múltipla foi aplicada para a avaliação dos fatores associados à mortalidade, considerando estatisticamente significantes valores de p < 0,05. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 85 pacientes. O óbito foi maior entre os pacientes com tumores sólidos (OR = 3,64; IC 95%: 1,06-12,52; p = 0,04), entre os que necessitaram de suporte renal durante a internação na UTI (OR = 6,88; IC 95%: 1,82-25,98; p = 0,004), os que não puderam ser extubados (OR = 8,00; IC 95%: 2,16-29,67; p = 0,002) e os que apresentaram o valor de pressão de distensão alveolar maior do que 15cmH2O por pelo menos um dia (OR = 5,9; IC 95%: 1,76-19,80; p = 0,004). Conclusão: Características clínicas e de VMI estavam associadas à morte de pacientes oncológicos com covid-19 e em VMI.
Los pacientes con cáncer corrían riesgo de desarrollar afecciones respiratorias graves al ser afectados por la COVID-19, requiriendo soporte intensivo y ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI). Objetivo: Evaluar los factores asociados a la muerte en pacientes con cáncer que tuvieron COVID-19 y que desarrollaron insuficiencia respiratoria y necesidad de VMI. Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en pacientes oncológicos internados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) de oncología, con COVID-19 y en VMI de abril de 2020 a diciembre de 2021. Se incluyeron secuencialmente todos los pacientes con cáncer ingresados en UCI con VMI o que necesitaron VMI por empeoramiento de la COVID-19, excluyendo a aquellos que llevaban más de cinco años bajo control de la enfermedad oncológica. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, así como frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Se aplicó regresión logística múltiple para evaluar los factores asociados a la mortalidad, considerando valores de p<0,05 estadísticamente significativos. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio 85 pacientes. La muerte fue mayor entre los pacientes con tumores sólidos (OR= 3,64; IC 95%, 1,06-12,52; p=0,04), entre los que requirieron soporte renal durante la estancia en UCI (OR = 6,88; IC 95%, 1,82-25,98; p= 0,004), entre los que no pudieron ser extubados (OR= 8,00; IC 95%, 2,16-29,67; p= 0,002) y entre los que presentaron un valor de presión de distensión alveolar mayor a 15cmH2O durante al menos un día (OR = 5,9; IC 95%, 1,76-19,80; p=0,004). Conclusión: Las características clínicas y de VMI se asociaron con la muerte en pacientes oncológicos con COVID-19 y en VMI.
Cancer patients were at risk of developing severe respiratory conditions when affected by COVID-19, requiring intensive support and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Objective: Evaluate the factors associated with death of cancer patients by COVID-19 who developed respiratory failure and need of IMV. Method: Retrospective cohort study of cancer patients in an oncology intensive care unit (ICU), with COVID-19 and on IMV was carried out from April 2020 to December 2021. All patients with cancer admitted to the ICU on IMV or who developed IMV due to worsening of COVID-19 were sequentially included, excluding those who had been in follow-up of the oncological disease for more than five years. For statistical analysis, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used, as well as absolute and relative frequencies. Multiple logistic regression was applied to evaluate factors associated with mortality, considering statistically significant values of p < 0.05. Results: 85 patients were included in the study. Death was higher for patients with solid tumors (OR= 3.64; 95% CI, 1.06-12.52; p = 0.04), in addition to those who required renal support while in ICU (OR = 6.88; 95% CI, 1.82-25.98; p = 0.004), those who could not be extubated (OR= 8.00; 95% CI, 2.16-29.67; p = 0.002) and who presented an alveolar distension pressure value greater than 15cmH2O for at least one day (OR= 5.9; 95% CI, 1.76-19.80; p = 0.004). Conclusion:Clinical and IMV characteristics were associated with death in cancer patients with COVID-19 and IMV
Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Ventilators, Mechanical , Epidemiology , Critical Care , COVID-19ABSTRACT
Introducción: El internado vertical en Medicina Intensiva y Emergencias forma parte de las nuevas estrategias del Ministerio de Salud Pública para la formación de profesionales en un menor tiempo, con el fin de vencer los múltiples retos que enfrenta la salud pública. Por esa razón, la educación médica superior cubana actual tiene, entre sus múltiples retos, el perfeccionamiento de los contenidos del trabajo metodológico en algunos de sus niveles y formas. Objetivo: Elaborar una alternativa metodológica basada en la semipresencialidad, para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del módulo Trauma del internado vertical de la especialidad de Medicina Intensiva y Emergencias. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, prospectiva y cuasiexperimental. El universo incluyó a 20 profesores relacionados de forma directa con el internado vertical. Se aplicó un post-test a los encuestados. Resultados: El diagnóstico sirvió de base para el diseño de la alternativa metodológica basada en la semipresencialidad, la cual es pertinente, oportuna y útil para elevar el nivel epistémico y el metodológico de buenas prácticas en la impartición eficaz del referido módulo en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. Los resultados del post-test aplicado 30 días después de someter a consideración la alternativa metodológica, se informa en escalas de Likert, los cuales fueron óptimos. Conclusiones: La implementación de la alternativa metodológica basada en la semipresencialidad, para impartir los contenidos del módulo Trauma, es factible y necesaria(AU)
Introduction: The vertical internship in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is part of the new strategies of the Ministry of Public Health for the training of professionals in a shorter time, in order to overcome the multiple challenges that public health faces. For this reason, current Cuban higher medical education has, among its many challenges, the improvement of the contents of methodological work in some of its levels and forms. Objective: To develop a methodological alternative based on blended attendance, for the teaching-learning process of the Trauma module of the vertical internship in the specialty of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Methods: A descriptive, prospective, quasi-experimental research was carried out. The universe included 20 teachers directly related to the vertical internship. A post-test was applied to the respondents. Results: The diagnosis served as the basis for the design of the methodological alternative based on blended attendance, which is relevant, timely and useful to raise the epistemic and methodological level of good practices in the effective delivery of the aforementioned module in virtual learning environments. The result of the post-test applied 30 days after submitting the methodological alternative for consideration are reported on Likert scales, which were optimal. Conclusions: The implementation of the methodological alternative based on blended attendance to teach the contents of the Trauma module, is feasible and necessary(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Teaching , Critical Care , Internship and Residency , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo é construir e validar uma cartilha educativa para estudantes do ensino médio sobre Suporte Básico de Vida nas escolas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, realizada em três etapas. Na primeira etapa foi realizada revisão bibliográfica, na segunda etapa procedeu-se a elaboração da cartilha educativa e por fim, a validação do material por especialistas. Entre os resultados destaca-se que a cartilha aborda as principais recomendações acerca da segurança do socorrista e suporte básico de vida no adulto e possui 14 páginas. Conclui-se que todos os itens da cartilha educativa obtiveram índice de validade de conteúdo maior que 0,82 conseguindo a validação.
The objective of this study is to build and validate an educational booklet for high school students about Basic Life Support in schools. This is a methodological research, carried out in three stages. In the first stage, a bibliographic review was carried out, in the second stage, the educational booklet was elaborated and, finally, the material was validated by specialists in the subject. Among the results, it is highlighted that the booklet addresses the main recommendations regarding rescuer safety and basic adult life support and has 14 pages. It was concluded that all items in the educational booklet had a content validity index greater than 0.82, achieving validation.
El objetivo de este estudio es construir y validar una cartilla educativa para estudiantes de secundaria sobre Soporte Vital Básico en las escuelas. Se trata de una investigación metodológica, realizada en tres etapas. En la primera etapa se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, en la segunda etapa se elaboró la cartilla educativa y, finalmente, el material fue validado por especialistas en el tema. Entre los resultados, se destaca que la cartilla aborda las principales recomendaciones sobre seguridad del reanimador y soporte vital básico del adulto y tiene 14 páginas. Se concluyó que todos los ítems de la cartilla educativa tuvieron un índice de validez de contenido superior a 0,82, lográndose la validación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students , Health Education , Education, Primary and Secondary , Validation Studies as Topic , Schools , Wounds and Injuries/nursing , Emergency Nursing/education , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/nursing , Critical Care , Emergency Medicine/education , First Aid/nursing , Paramedics/educationABSTRACT
Abstract Objective: to evaluate nursing professionals and patient safety culture during the professional performance in the care of suspected or infected patients with COVID-19. Method: a cross-sectional study carried out with 90 professionals from critical care units of two teaching hospitals. An instrument for sociodemographic characterization and health conditions was used, in addition to the constructs "Nursing professional and patient safety" and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Univariate analyzes were performed between the diagnosis of COVID-19 and the characteristics of Nursing professionals, applying Kendell's correlation between the constructs. Results: the COVID-19 diagnosis presented a significant statistical difference between nursing professionals that worked for more than six years at the critical care unit (p=0.020) and the items of the construct "Nursing professional and patient safety" regarding the doubts about how to remove the personal protective equipment (p=0.013) and safety flow (p=0,021). The dimensions 2 (p=0.003), 3 (p=0.009), 4 (p=0.013), 6 (p<0.001), and 9 (p=0.024) of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture were associated with the accomplishment of training. Conclusion: a higher professional nursing experience time was associated with non-infection by COVID-19. The perception of the safety culture of the patient was related to the accomplishment of training.
Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a segurança dos profissionais de enfermagem e a cultura de segurança do paciente durante a atuação profissional no atendimento de pacientes suspeitos ou com COVID-19. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 90 profissionais de unidades críticas de dois hospitais-escola. Foi utilizado um instrumento para caracterização sociodemográfica e condições de saúde, além dos constructos "Segurança do profissional e do paciente" e Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Foram realizadas análises univariadas entre o diagnóstico de COVID-19 e as características dos profissionais, aplicando-se a correlação de Kendell entre os constructos. Resultados: o diagnóstico de COVID-19 apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os profissionais que trabalhavam há mais de seis anos na unidade (p=0,020) e os itens do constructo "Segurança do profissional e do paciente" referentes às dúvidas sobre como retirar o equipamento de proteção individual (p=0,013) e fluxo seguro (p=0,021). As dimensões 2 (p=0,003), 3 (p=0,009), 4 (p=0,013), 6 (p<0,001) e 9 (p=0,024) do Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture foram associadas à realização de treinamentos. Conclusão: maior tempo de experiência profissional do profissional de enfermagem esteve associado a não infecção por COVID-19. A percepção de cultura de segurança do paciente esteve relacionada à realização de treinamentos.
Resumen Objetivo: evaluar la seguridad de los profesionales de enfermería y la cultura de seguridad del paciente durante su actuación profesional en el cuidado de pacientes sospechosos o con COVID-19. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 90 profesionales de unidades críticas de dos hospitales universitarios. Se utilizó un instrumento de caracterización sociodemográfica y de condiciones de salud, además de los constructos "Seguridad del profesional y del paciente" y Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Se realizaron análisis univariados entre el diagnóstico de COVID-19 y las características de los profesionales y se aplicó la correlación de Kendell entre los constructos. Resultados: el diagnóstico de COVID-19 mostró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los profesionales que actuaron por más de seis años en la unidad (p=0,020) y los ítems del constructo "Seguridad del profesional y del paciente" referentes a dudas sobre cómo retirar el Equipo de Protección Personal (p=0,013) y flujo seguro (p=0,021). Las dimensiones 2 (p=0,003), 3 (p=0,009), 4 (p=0,013), 6 (p<0,001) y 9 (p=0,024) del Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture se asociaron a la realización de formación. Conclusión: mayor tiempo de experiencia profesional de enfermería se asoció con la no infección por COVID-19. La percepción de la cultura de seguridad del paciente se relacionó con la realización de entrenamiento.