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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(4): 1132-1137, ago. 2024. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569257

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: In forensic anthropology, the radius bone has been shown to determine the sex of human remains in a number of different populations. The dry mass and growth of long bones, including the radius, are associated with sex hormone levels; however, the use of bone weight to determine sex has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to apply bone morphometric parameters, including maximum length of radius (MLR), circumference at the midshaft of radius (CMR), and weight of radius (WR), to 400 sample radii from a Northeastern Thai population. Univariate and multivariate discriminant functions of all parameters were systemically applied. Equations for calculating sex classification were also determined. Descriptive data analysis showed significant sexual dimorphism in all variables (p < 0.05). The canonical correlation was highest in CMR (0.772) and the ratio of weight to length (0.747). Multivariate discriminant function analysis showed that the measured indices of the right radius were slightly greater than those of the left radius. The parameters demonstrating the highest values of the standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients were CMR (Rt. = 0.496, Lt. 0.431) and WR (Rt. = 0.681, Lt. = 0.715). Moreover, the results of the multivariable (stepwise method) indicated that the best accuracy rates for using combinations of CMR and WR were 94 % (right side) and 92 % (left side). In conclusion, the weight of the radius (rather than the length) is an effective parameter in determining sex.


En antropología forense, se ha demostrado que el hueso radio determina el sexo de los restos humanos en varias poblaciones diferentes. La masa seca y el crecimiento de los huesos largos, incluido el radio, están asociados con los niveles de hormonas sexuales; sin embargo, el uso del peso de los huesos para determinar el sexo no se ha investigado suficientemente. El objetivo de este estudio fue aplicar parámetros morfométricos óseos, incluida la longitud máxima del radio (LMR), la circunferencia en la mitad del radio (CMR) y el peso del radio (PR), a 400 radios de muestra de una población del noreste de Tailandia. Se aplicaron sistémicamente funciones discriminantes univariadas y multivariadas de todos los parámetros. También se determinaron ecuaciones para calcular la clasificación por sexo. El análisis descriptivo de los datos mostró un dimorfismo sexual significativo en todas las variables (p < 0,05). La correlación canónica fue mayor en CMR (0,772) y la relación peso-longitud (0,747). El análisis de función discriminante multivariante mostró que los índices del radio derecho eran ligeramente mayores que los del radio izquierdo. Los parámetros que demostraron los valores más altos de los coeficientes de la función discriminante canónica estandarizada fueron CMR (Rt. = 0,496, Lt. 0,431) y PR (Rt. = 0,681, Lt. = 0,715). Además, los resultados del método multivariable (método paso a paso) indicaron que las mejores tasas de precisión al usar combinaciones de CMR y PR fueron del 94 % (lado derecho) y del 92 % (lado izquierdo). En conclusión, el peso del radio (más que la longitud) es un parámetro eficaz para determinar el sexo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Radius/anatomy & histology , Sex Determination by Skeleton , Thailand , Discriminant Analysis , Forensic Anthropology , Data Accuracy
2.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);44(supl.1): 160-170, mayo 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1574123

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Choric obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third mortality cause in the world, and the development of useful diagnostic tools is necessary to improve timely diagnostic rates in primary care settings. Objective. To develop a web application displaying spirometric and clinical information - including respiratory symptoms and risk factors- to facilitate a COPD diagnosis. Materials and methods. In this cross-sectional study, an expert consensus was carried out with three specialists using the Delphi method to choose the relevant variables for COPD diagnosis. We developed a Python-based web application to diagnose COPD, displaying the clinical variables deemed relevant by the experts along the spirometric curve. Results. Twenty-six clinical variables were included in the web application for the diagnosis of COPD. A fourth expert used the web application to classify a cohort of 695 patients who had undergone spirometry in a third-level centre and had answered at least one of five questionnaires for COPD screening. Out of the 695 subjects, 34% had COPD, according to the expert that diagnosed them using the web application. Only 42% of the patients in the COPD group had received a previous COPD diagnosis and 19% of the patients in the no COPD group had been misdiagnosed with the disease. Conclusion. We developed a web application that displays demographic and clinical information, as well as spirometric data, to facilitate the process of diagnosing COPD in primary care settings.


Introducción. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es la tercera causa de mortalidad en el mundo y es necesario el desarrollo de herramientas diagnósticas útiles para mejorar las tasas de diagnóstico oportuno en los entornos de atención primaria. Objetivo. Desarrollar una aplicación web que muestre la información clínica y de la espirometría -incluyendo síntomas respiratorios y factores de riesgo- para facilitar el diagnóstico de la EPOC. Materiales y métodos. En este estudio transversal se realizó un consenso de expertos con tres especialistas usando el método Delphi para elegir las variables relevantes para el diagnóstico de EPOC. Se desarrolló una aplicación web basada en Python que muestra la información clínica relevante según los expertos, junto con la curva y los datos de la espirometría para el diagnóstico de la EPOC. Resultados. Se incluyeron 26 variables clínicas para el diagnóstico de la EPOC. Un cuarto experto utilizó la aplicación web para clasificar una cohorte de 695 pacientes a los que se les había realizado una espirometría en un centro de tercer nivel y que habían contestado al menos uno de los cinco cuestionarios para la detección de la EPOC. De los 695 sujetos, el 34 % tenían EPOC según el experto que les diagnosticó usando la aplicación web. Sólo el 42 % de los pacientes del grupo con EPOC había recibido un diagnóstico previo de la enfermedad y el 19 % de los pacientes del grupo sin EPOC había sido diagnosticado erróneamente con la enfermedad. Conclusión. Se desarrolló una aplicación web que muestra información demográfica y clínica, así como datos espirométricos, para facilitar el proceso de diagnóstico de la EPOC en entornos de atención primaria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spirometry , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Diagnosis , Data Accuracy
3.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; s.n; 20240000. 107 p. il, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1572752

ABSTRACT

Introdução: esta pesquisa buscou investigar o exercício acurado do raciocínio diagnóstico seguido da tomada de decisão clínica em estudantes de enfermagem por meio da aplicação de duas tecnologias educacionais, caso clínico escrito e telessimulado. Objetivo geral: avaliar a acurácia do diagnóstico de enfermagem atribuído por estudantes na resolução de caso clínico na modalidade escrita e telessimulada. Objetivos específicos: verificar o julgamento do diagnóstico de enfermagem atribuído por estudantes pela ausência e presença do diagnóstico "Desobstrução Ineficaz de Vias Aéreas", em caso clínico na modalidade escrita e telessimulada; comparar o grau de acurácia do diagnóstico de enfermagem atribuído por estudantes na resolução de caso clínico na modalidade escrita e telessimulada pela aplicação da Escala de Acurácia de Diagnóstico de Enfermagem. Método: pesquisa experimental com desenho cruzado. O experimento foi realizado com 52 estudantes de enfermagem. A partir do diagnóstico de enfermagem "Desobstrução Ineficaz de Vias Aéreas", um caso clínico foi elaborado em conformidade com um estudo de validação clínica diagnóstica, que foi vivenciado pelos estudantes em um caso clínico escrito (Grupo 2) e em um caso clínico telessimulado (Grupo 1). Para verificação do grau de acurácia diagnóstica dos estudantes de enfermagem foi utilizada a Escala de Acurácia de Diagnóstico de Enfermagem. Resultados: observou-se que o Grupo 2 apresentou maior porcentagem de acurácia alta (46,15%) em relação ao Grupo 1 (7,69%). Além disso, uma maior porcentagem dos estudantes do Grupo 2 (53,85%) julgaram ter conhecimento prévio do DE "Desobstrução Ineficaz de Vias Aéreas" em comparação aos do Grupo 1 (26,92%); foi identificada uma tendência à correlação positiva entre a categoria de acurácia diagnóstica e o número de sinais e sintomas relevantes para o diagnóstico de enfermagem, indicando que à medida que aumentou o número de sinais e sintomas referidos, aumentou a acurácia diagnóstica, e vice-versa; foi verificada uma dificuldade de alguns estudantes em identificar pistas; apenas um estudante nomeou corretamente o diagnóstico de enfermagem selecionado. Conclusão: o ensino de enfermagem deve levar em consideração a importância da experiência e do desenvolvimento de habilidades para o aprimoramento do raciocínio diagnóstico. A utilização de tecnologias educacionais, por sua vez, pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa para o avanço das estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem nesse campo.


Introduction: this research sought to investigate the accurate exercise of diagnostic reasoning followed by clinical decision-making in nursing students through the application of two educational technologies, written and telesimulated clinical case. Objectives: evaluate the accuracy of the nursing diagnosis given by students in resolving a clinical case in written and telesimulated modes; verify the judgment of the nursing diagnosis attributed by students due to the absence and presence of the diagnosis "Ineffective Airway Clearance", in a clinical case in written and telesimulated mode; compare the degree of accuracy of the nursing diagnosis attributed by students in resolving a clinical case in written and telesimulated modes by applying the Nursing Diagnosis Accuracy Scale. Method: experimental research with crossover design. The experiment was carried out with 52 nursing students. Based on the nursing diagnosis "Ineffective Airway Clearance", a clinical case was prepared in accordance with a clinical diagnostic validation study, which was experienced by the students in a written clinical case (Group 2) and in a telesimulated clinical case (Group 1). To check the degree of diagnostic accuracy of nursing students, the Nursing Diagnostic Accuracy Scale was used. Results: it was observed that Group 2 had a higher percentage of high accuracy (46.15%) compared to Group 1 (7.69%). Furthermore, a higher percentage of students in Group 2 (53.85%) believed they had prior knowledge of the ND "Ineffective Airway Clearance" compared to those in Group 1 (26.92%); a tendency towards a positive correlation was identified between the category of diagnostic accuracy and the number of signs and symptoms relevant to the nursing diagnosis, indicating that as the number of signs and symptoms reported increased, diagnostic accuracy increased, and vice versa; some students found it difficult to identify clues; only one student correctly named the selected nursing diagnosis. Conclusion: nursing education must take into account the importance of experience and skill development for improving diagnostic reasoning. The use of educational technologies, in turn, can be a valuable tool for advancing teaching-learning strategies in this field.


Subject(s)
Nursing Diagnosis , Students, Nursing , Dimensional Measurement Accuracy , Data Accuracy
4.
Braz. j. oral sci ; 23: e243309, 2024. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1537094

ABSTRACT

The maintenance of adequate fluoride (F) concentration in the public water supply is fundamental for ensuring that the community use of F can reach the maximum benefit for caries control and minimum risk for dental fluorosis. Thus, surveillance systems must use accurate and valid analytical methods to determine F concentration and, according to the literature, give preference to the ion-specific electrode (F- ISE) analysis. Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of the ISE and SPADNS methods in the determination of the F concentration in the same water sample. Methods: Duplicate water samples were taken from 30 sampling sites in the municipality of Maringá, state of Paraná, monthly for 12 months, totaling 276 samples. An aliquot was analyzed by the FOP-UNICAMP Oral Biochemistry laboratory, using the F- ISE method, and the other one, by the SANEPAR laboratory in Maringá/PR, using the SPADNS method. Descriptive analysis and Pearson's correlation test were applied, with a significant level of p<0.05. Results: Results were expressed as ppm F (mg F/L), and a very strong positive correlation (r= 0.91; p<0.001) was detected between the two methods of analysis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the determination of f luoride concentration in water can be made with accuracy by the SPADNS method, a standardized analysis protocol


Subject(s)
Water Supply , Comparative Study , Fluoridation , Fluorine , Data Accuracy
5.
São Paulo; s.n; 2024. 72 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1580191

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A sífilis congênita (SC) é um agravo evitável e conta com condições factíveis para sua eliminação, entretanto, sua ocorrência permanece como um importante problema de saúde pública, pois evidencia falhas na assistência pré-natal. E para o seu enfrentamento é necessário contar com informações de qualidade. Objetivo: Analisar informações sobre os óbitos por SC no estado de São Paulo de 2007 a 2018. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo, com dados do Sinan e SIM relacionados por linkage. A população de estudo contou com 3.735 óbitos por SC notificados no Sinan. Os óbitos foram subdivididos entre óbitos infantis (OI) e óbitos fetais (OF). Foram comparadas as frequências absolutas de óbitos, considerando a SC como causa básica de morte (CB) e a presença e ausência de menção à SC em qualquer linha da Declaração de Óbito (DO). Para mensurar os acréscimos calculou-se a razão de óbito em relação aos óbitos que continham a SC como CB. Foram analisadas a distribuição das CB de óbito, segundo grupos de causas de morte de acordo com a CID-10 para elucidar a presença da SC como CB ou causa contribuinte. Resultados: Dos 3.735 óbitos registrados no Sinan, 1.329 óbitos (35,5%) foram pareados com o SIM, sendo 459 OI e 870 OF. Nestes, a SC foi registrada como CB em apenas 17% e 19,9% respectivamente. A análise de óbitos por menção mostrou aumento de 50% nos OI e 40% nos OF. Considerando o total de óbitos, houve um aumento de 5 a 6 vezes no número de OI e OF em relação àqueles com SC como CB. Nos óbitos sem menção predominaram causas do capítulo "Algumas Afecções Originadas no Período Perinatal" (>90%). E foram frequentes as causas de morte do grupo P00 a P04 com 35,2% para OI e 34,4% para OF. Destacou-se a subcategoria "Feto e Recém-nascido Afetado por Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Mãe" (P00.2) com 17,6% e 18,9% respectivamente. Conclusões: Identificou-se a subnotificação de óbitos por SC e evidenciou o desconhecimento da verdadeira magnitude do agravo como um problema de saúde pública.


Introduction: Congenital syphilis (CS) is a preventable condition with feasible eliminated. However, its occurance remains a significant public health problem as it highlights failure in prenatal to address this issue it to requires quality information. Objective: To analyze information on deaths from CS in the state of São Paulo from 2007 to 2018. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with data from Sinan and SIM related by linkage. A total of 3.735 deaths from CS reported in Sinan were included. Deaths were subdivided into infant deaths (ID) and fetal deaths (FD). The absolute frequencies of deaths were compared considering CS as the underlying cause (UC) of death and the presence and absence of mention of CS in any line of the Pronouncement of Death (PD). To measure increases the death ratio in relation to those with CS as the UC was calculated. The distribution of death certificates according to groups of causes of death according to ICD-10 was analyzed to elucidate the presence of CS as a UC or contributing cause. Results: Of the 3.735 deaths recorded in Sinan, 1.329 deaths (35.5%) were paired with SIM, being 459 ID and 870 OF, in which CS was recorded as UC in only 17% and 19.9%, respectively. The analysis of deaths by mention increased the number of OI by 50% and of FD by 40%. Considering the total number of deaths, there was a 5- to 6-fold increase in the number of ID and FD in relation to those with UC as CB. In deaths without mention, the causes of death from the chapter "Some Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period" predominated (>90%), and the causes of death from the P00 to P04 groups were frequent with 35.2% for ID and 34.4% for FD with emphasis on the subcategory "Fetus and newborn affected by infectious and parasitic diseases of the mother" (P00.2) with 17.6% and 18.9%, respectively. Conclusions: Underreporting of deaths from CS was identified, which leads to a lack of knowledge of the real magnitude of the problem as a public health problem.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Prenatal Care , Syphilis, Congenital/mortality , Infant Mortality , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Fetal Mortality , Health Information Systems , Underregistration , Communicable Diseases/mortality , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Accuracy
6.
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1529142

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To investigate the usefulness, reliability, quality, and content of Portuguese-language YouTube videos on COVID-19. Material and Methods: Three keywords selected on Google Trends were searched on YouTube, and the 60 first videos listed with each term were analyzed. Two calibrated researchers evaluated the reliability (DISCERN Modified Scale), the quality (Global Quality Score - GQS), and the usefulness of videos for the users (COVID-19 Specific Score - CSS). The number of views, likes, and engagement were also analyzed. The data were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation (α=5%). Results: 59 videos were included. The average scores of quality, reliability, and usefulness were 3.0 (±1.1), 3.2 (± 0.8), and 1.5 (± 0.9), respectively. Two-thirds of the videos (64.4%) had low/moderate quality, and the majority (76.2%) were about signs and symptoms. The numbers of views (p=0.005), likes (p=0.006), and engagement (p=0.014) were significantly higher in moderate/good quality videos. The number of comments (p=0.007), duration of videos (p=0.004), and the DISCERN score (p<0.001) were significantly higher in videos made by health professionals. The general quality of the videos was positively correlated to the CSS scores, number of views, likes, and engagement (p<0.05). Conclusion: Most videos had moderate quality and reliability and low usefulness for the users.


Subject(s)
Health Communication , Data Accuracy , Internet-Based Intervention , COVID-19/prevention & control , Video Recording , Statistics, Nonparametric , Dentists , Social Networking , Observational Study
7.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 58: 01, 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536768

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to propose a comprehensive alternative to the Bland-Altman plot method, addressing its limitations and providing a statistical framework for evaluating the equivalences of measurement techniques. This involves introducing an innovative three-step approach for assessing accuracy, precision, and agreement between techniques, which enhances objectivity in equivalence assessment. Additionally, the development of an R package that is easy to use enables researchers to efficiently analyze and interpret technique equivalences. METHODS Inferential statistics support for equivalence between measurement techniques was proposed in three nested tests. These were based on structural regressions with the goal to assess the equivalence of structural means (accuracy), the equivalence of structural variances (precision), and concordance with the structural bisector line (agreement in measurements obtained from the same subject), using analytical methods and robust approach by bootstrapping. To promote better understanding, graphical outputs following Bland and Altman's principles were also implemented. RESULTS The performance of this method was shown and confronted by five data sets from previously published articles that used Bland and Altman's method. One case demonstrated strict equivalence, three cases showed partial equivalence, and one showed poor equivalence. The developed R package containing open codes and data are available for free and with installation instructions at Harvard Dataverse at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AGJPZH. CONCLUSION Although easy to communicate, the widely cited and applied Bland and Altman plot method is often misinterpreted, since it lacks suitable inferential statistical support. Common alternatives, such as Pearson's correlation or ordinal least-square linear regression, also fail to locate the weakness of each measurement technique. It may be possible to test whether two techniques have full equivalence by preserving graphical communication, in accordance with Bland and Altman's principles, but also adding robust and suitable inferential statistics. Decomposing equivalence into three features (accuracy, precision, and agreement) helps to locate the sources of the problem when fixing a new technique.


Subject(s)
Confidence Intervals , Regression Analysis , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Statistical Inference , Data Accuracy
8.
Educ. med. super ; 382024. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1582173

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La formación de especialistas en Bioestadística tiene una elevada pertinencia social. Entre sus competencias está garantizar la calidad de los datos para su análisis y la toma de decisiones científicas en salud. Durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 la residencia no se detuvo y se precisó adaptar los programas de los módulos a la modalidad virtual. Objetivo: Describir la situación de la formación de especialistas en Bioestadística en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública durante 2020 y 2021, y su adaptación de la modalidad presencial a la virtual. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación en políticas y sistemas de salud del tipo desarrollo tecnológico, con enfoque mixto en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública durante 2020 y 2021. Se estudiaron cinco ediciones de la especialidad: de 2017 hasta 2021, y las variables: objetivos, contenidos, métodos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, medios de enseñanza y sistema evaluativo. Para la obtención de información, se realizó revisión documental y se consultaron tres expertos. Resultados: Se adaptaron a la virtualidad diez módulos. Existieron otros que, por su complejidad, se adaptaron a la forma mixta. Los métodos, el sistema de medios de enseñanza y la evaluación fueron los componentes del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en los que incidió la mayor cantidad de cambios. Conclusiones: La formación de especialistas en Bioestadística ha tenido resultados satisfactorios en los últimos años. La modalidad virtual, en el contexto universitario actual, es una necesidad para estar a la altura del desarrollo científico-técnico de la humanidad(AU)


Introduction: The training of specialists in Biostatistics has a high social relevance. Their competences include to guarantee the quality of data for analysis and scientific decision making in health. During the COVID-19 confinement, the residence did not stop and it was necessary to adapt the syllabuses of the modules to the virtual modality. Objective: To describe the situation of the training of specialists in Biostatistics at Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública during 2020 and 2021, as well as its adaptation from face-to-face to the virtual modality. Methods: A research was conducted regarding health policies and systems of the technological development type, with a mixed approach, in Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública during 2020 and 2021. Five editions of the specialty were studied, from 2017 to 2021; as well as the variables objectives, contents, teaching-learning methods, teaching aids and evaluative system. To obtain information, a documentary review was carried out and three experts were consulted. Results: Ten modules were adapted to virtuality. There were others that, due to their complexity, were adapted to the mixed form. The methods, the teaching aids system and evaluation were the components of the teaching-learning process on which the greatest number of changes had an impact. Conclusions: The training of specialists in Biostatistics has had satisfactory results in recent years. The virtual modality, in the current university context, is a necessity to keep up with the scientific-technical development of mankind(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Teaching/education , Biostatistics/methods , Education, Distance/methods , Health Systems , Technological Development , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Data Accuracy , COVID-19/prevention & control
9.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535404

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La calidad de los datos facilita garantizar la fiabilidad de los estudios observacionales. Objetivo: Describir el aseguramiento y el control de calidad para mantener la fiabilidad y la validez del dato en un estudio de cohorte. Métodos: Presentar el manejo de datos implementado dentro de un seguimiento de enfermos renales crónicos cuya exposición fue un programa de protección renal comparado con el tratamiento convencional y su asociación con desenlaces clínicos. Se evaluó el cambio en la frecuencia de errores después de implementar el plan y la reproducibilidad del ingreso de registros a las bases de datos. Resultados: Se documentó una disminución progresiva en los errores cometidos en la captación de datos. El valor de Kappa entre los recolectores de la información para las variables clínicas más importantes fue 0,960 para la depuración de creatinina 150 mg/dL; 0,730 para la alteración del sedimento urinario; 0,956 para la asignación de estadio al ingreso. Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase para la identificación de las cifras de presión arterial sistólica fue 0,996; para la de presión arterial diastólica 0,993 y para los niveles de creatinina sérica al diagnóstico 0,995. Discusión: La calidad de los datos comienza con el reconocimiento de los retos y dificultades que implica su responsable captación, de ahí el aporte de la estandarización de los procesos y el personal que los lleve a cabo en forma idónea. Estudios evidencian que muchos procesos de mejora surgen en el desarrollo de la investigación sin protocolos preestablecidos. Conclusión: La reducción en la proporción y el tipo de error durante el proceso de captación de datos se debe a su identificación temprana y la corrección de instructivos, del instrumento de control de diligenciamiento y de la capacitación continua del personal. El análisis mostró una buena concordancia interevaluador.


Introduction: Data quality makes it easier to ensure that observational studies are reliable. Objective: To describe assurance and quality control to maintain data reliability and validity in a cohort study. Methodology: We present the data management strategies implemented in a study that followed patients of chronic kidney disease who were in a renal protection program and compared them with those undergoing conventional treatment to observe its association with clinical outcomes. We assessed the changes in error frequency after implementing the plan along with the reproducibility of the strategies for entering records into the databases. Results: We documented a progressive decrease of data collection errors. The Kappa values among data collectors for the most important variables were: 0.960 for creatinine clearance 150 mg/dl; 0.730 for urinary sediment alteration and 0.956 for stage allocation upon admission. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the identification of systolic blood pressure was 0.996; for diastolic blood pressure, the coefficient was 0.993 and for serum creatinine levels at diagnosis, the value was 0.995. Discussion: Data quality begins with the recognition of the challenges and difficulties involved in responsible data collection, hence the contribution of standardized processes and personnel to carry them out in a suitable manner. Studies show that many improvement processes arise in the development of research without pre-established protocols. Conclusion: The reduction in error ratio and type during the data collection process are the result of the early identification of erroneously entered or missing data, the correction of the guidelines for completing forms as well as of the instruments for detecting errors and continuous training of the staff. The analysis showed good inter-rater reliability.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Quality Control , Data Collection , Cohort Studies , Colombia , Quality Improvement , Bias , Total Quality Management , Data Curation , Data Accuracy
10.
Rev. epidemiol. controle infecç ; 13(1): 22-27, jan.-mar. 2023. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512586

ABSTRACT

Background: Sepsis currently represents a challenge for health systems, this fact may be related to the spread of bacterial resistance, the increase in the population of elderly, immunosuppressed individuals, and the improvement of emergency care, favoring the survival of critically ill patients. This article aimed to evaluate the accuracy of mortality indicators due to sepsis in 2018. Method: Validation study of death certificates that occurred in the Federal District in 2018. Declarations whose basic causes of death identified were classified as garbage codes were identified, which were investigated by a multidisciplinary team, capable of reclassifying them with codes that allow for the improvement of health data. In order to assess accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios of death certificates from sepsis were calculated, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 6.244 statements were evaluated, of which 233 (3.74%) presented sepsis as the underlying cause before being investigated and only 35 (0.56%) maintained it after the investigation. The filling of statements with sepsis as the underlying cause by physicians showed a sensitivity of 0.9% (95%CI: 0.6 to 1.3) and a specificity of 92.0% (95%CI: 90.9 to 93.1). Conclusion: The low accuracy of the declarations demonstrates the non-reliability of the underlying cause of death from sepsis, especially the completion of death certificates that occurred in the Federal District in 2018.(AU)


Justificativa: A sepse, atualmente, representa um desafio para os sistemas de saúde, tal fato pode estar relacionado com a disseminação da resistência bacteriana, o aumento da população de idosos, os indivíduos imunossuprimidos, e a melhoria do atendimento de emergência, favorecendo a sobrevivência de pacientes críticos. Este artigo teve por objetivo avaliar a acurácia dos indicadores de mortalidade devido à sepse em 2018. Método: Estudo de validação da causa básica dos óbitos ocorridos no Distrito Federal em 2018. Foram identificadas as declarações de óbito cujas causas básicas de morte apontadas foram classificadas como garbage code sepse, as quais foram investigadas por uma equipe multidisciplinar, capacitada para reclassificá-las com códigos que permitem o aprimoramento dos dados em saúde. A fim de avaliar a acurácia, foram calculados os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo, razões de verossimilhança positiva e negativa das declarações dos óbitos por sepse, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Um total de 6.244 declarações foram avaliadas, das quais 233 (3,74%) apresentavam a sepse como causa básica antes de serem investigadas e apenas 35 (0,56%) mantiveram-na após a investigação. O preenchimento das declarações com a sepse enquanto causa básica pelos médicos apresentou sensibilidade de 0,9% (IC95%: 0,6 a 1,3) e especificidade de 92,0% (IC95%: 90,9 a 93,1). Conclusão: A baixa acurácia das declarações demonstra a não fidedignidade da causa básica de óbito por sepse, sobretudo, do preenchimento das declarações dos óbitos ocorridos no Distrito Federal em 2018.(AU)


Justificación: Sepsis representa en la actualidad un desafío para los sistemas de salud, este hecho puede estar relacionado con propagación de resistencias bacterianas, aumento de la población de ancianos, inmunodeprimidos, y mejora de la atención de urgencias, favoreciendo la supervivencia de los pacientes críticos. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la precisión de los indicadores de mortalidad por sepsis en 2018. Método: Estudio de validación de causa básica de muertes ocurridas en Distrito Federal en 2018. Se identificaron actas de defunción cuyas causas básicas de muerte fueron clasificadas como sepsis código basura y fueron investigadas por un equipo multidisciplinario capacitado para reclasificarlas con códigos que permitan la mejora de datos de salud. Para evaluar la precisión, se calcularon sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos positivo y negativo y razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa de certificados de defunción por sepsis, con intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados: se evaluaron 6.244 declaraciones, de las cuales 233 (3,74%) tenían como causa básica la sepsis antes de ser investigadas y solo 35 (0,56%) mantuvieron después de investigación. Realización de declaraciones con sepsis como causa subyacente por parte de los médicos mostró sensibilidad del 0,9% (95%IC: 0,6 a 1,3) y especificidad del 92,0% (95%IC: 90,9 a 93,1). Conclusión: Baja precisión de las declaraciones demuestra la poca confiabilidad de la causa subyacente de muerte por sepsis, especialmente la finalización de los certificados de defunción ocurridos en Distrito Federal en 2018.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Sepsis/mortality , Data Accuracy , Cause of Death
11.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 35jan. 31, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1428998

ABSTRACT

The authors, like most humans on the planet at all times, go through many profound transformations throughout their lives. Let's imagine hominids starting to master fire more than a million years ago. Inventing the wheel, writing, navigating the seas, inventing the light bulb, motor vehicles, Santos Dumont's plane, telex, teleradiography, and so many other things that for each era, it was unimaginable such an advance would be incorporated into daily of human life. Today, in 2023, we are facing a computerized conversation through the world wide web, the internet. For now, called artificial intelligence ­ AI, chatbot. How much will this technology add benefits in the health area? When will this technology spread untruths? How much will people blindly follow the information and experience huge gains and marked problems, side effects? In these dialogues with the various chatbots already being made available, free or with payment of monthly fees, can these computer programs, after several human-AI arguments, write that, for the situations presented in a given conversation, suicide is plausible conduct? The concerns of the authors are concerns that are valid in March 2023. The editorial tests conversations. And time will show us how to learn, teach, live together, and transform this artificial intelligence


Subject(s)
Humans , Medical Informatics Applications , Artificial Intelligence , Data Accuracy
12.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1438314

ABSTRACT

Introduction: HIV and AIDS remain as significant global health issues, with misinformation and stigma surrounding the diseases still being prevalent. Accurate and reliable information is crucial for promoting prevention, early detection, and effective management of the disease. YouTube has emerged as a popular platform for sharing and consuming health-related content, but the quality and reliability of its videos on various health topics have been questioned. Objective: This study aims to systematically review and evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos on HIV/AIDS. Methods: We searched for videos on YouTube using two search terms, "HIV" and "AIDS," and evaluated the top 100 videos for each search term. We recorded video features such as length, likes, comments, views, and upload date. Two independent evaluators assessed the videos' quality and reliability using the Global Quality Scale and the modified DISCERN tool. We classified the videos into two groups based on the source that uploaded the video, professional and non-professional, and analyzed the data using statistical methods. Results: Of the 159 videos evaluated, the most common content categories were HIV transmission routes, basic information and definition of HIV, and HIV/AIDS activism and awareness. Non-professional videos tended to be shorter, but there were no significant differences in views, likes, and likes per day counts. Comments were significantly higher in non-professional videos. Professional videos had higher quality and reliability scores than non-professional videos. Conclusion: Accurate and reliable information on HIV/AIDS is critical for promoting prevention, early detection, and effective management of the disease. YouTube has the potential to disseminate this information, but the quality and reliability of its videos must be improved. Our study highlights the need to prioritize professional, high-quality, and reliable video content on HIV/AIDS on YouTube to improve the public health outcome


Introdução: O HIV e a AIDS continuam a ser problemas significativos de saúde global, e a desinformação e o estigma em torno dessas doenças ainda prevalecem. Informações precisas e confiáveis são cruciais para promover a prevenção, a detecção precoce e o gerenciamento eficaz da doença. O YouTube surgiu como uma plataforma popular para compartilhar e consumir conteúdo relacionado à saúde, mas a qualidade e a confiabilidade de seus vídeos sobre vários tópicos de saúde têm sido questionadas. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo revisar e avaliar sistematicamente a qualidade e a confiabilidade dos vídeos do YouTube sobre HIV/AIDS. Métodos: Pesquisamos vídeos no YouTube usando dois termos de pesquisa, "HIV" e "AIDS", e avaliamos os cem principais vídeos para cada termo de pesquisa. Registramos os recursos do vídeo, como duração, curtidas, comentários, visualizações e data de upload. Dois avaliadores independentes avaliaram a qualidade e a confiabilidade dos vídeos usando a Escala de Qualidade Global e a ferramenta DISCERN modificada. Classificamos os vídeos em dois grupos com base na fonte que fez o upload do vídeo, profissional e não profissional, e analisamos os dados usando métodos estatísticos. Resultados: Dos 159 vídeos avaliados, as categorias de conteúdo mais comuns foram rotas de transmissão do HIV, informações básicas e definição de HIV e ativismo e conscientização sobre HIV/AIDS. Os vídeos não profissionais tenderam a ser mais curtos, mas não houve diferenças significativas nas contagens de visualizações, curtidas e curtidas por dia. Os comentários foram significativamente maiores nos vídeos não profissionais. Os vídeos profissionais tiveram pontuações de qualidade e confiabilidade mais altas do que os vídeos não profissionais. Conclusão: Informações precisas e confiáveis sobre HIV/AIDS são essenciais para promover a prevenção, a detecção precoce e o gerenciamento eficaz da doença. O YouTube tem o potencial de disseminar essas informações, mas a qualidade e a confiabilidade de seus vídeos devem ser aprimoradas. Nosso estudo destaca a necessidade de priorizar conteúdo de vídeo profissional, de alta qualidade e confiável sobre HIV/AIDS no YouTube para melhorar o resultado da saúde pública


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections , Consumer Product Safety , Instructional Film and Video , Internet , Data Accuracy , Health Literacy
13.
Estud. Interdiscip. Envelhec. (Online) ; 28: 1-12, jan. 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1581062

ABSTRACT

A transição demográfica decorrente do envelhecimento da população global tornou-se uma das tarefas mais desafiadoras para as políticas de saúde pública em todo o mundo. O Brasil tem passado por mudanças demográficas sem precedentes nas últimas décadas, marcadas pelo rápido crescimento da população idosa. A recente pandemia da COVID-19 afetou o país com um dos cenários mais devastadores em termos de número de mortes entre idosos. Apesar de o Brasil ter demonstrado esforços imediatos para fornecer informações públicas oportunas sobre as contagens de mortes por COVID-19, a qualidade dos dados brasileiros de mortalidade por COVID-19 não foi completamente avaliada. O objetivo do presente estudo foi fornecer um método para avaliar a qualidade dos registros de óbitos por COVID-19 na população idosa com mais de 60 anos. A proposta seguiu três etapas principais: análise da cobertura de óbitos, redistribuição dos Códigos Garbage (CGs) e redistribuição das Causas Mal Definidas (CMDs). Com base nos dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), a proposição foi aplicada para o estado da Paraíba, na região Nordeste do Brasil. Após correção da qualidade dos dados e estimativa dos óbitos esperados, o percentual de óbitos por COVID-19 aumentou em 39% entre a população idosa, sendo influenciado principalmente por CGs e CMDs. O presente estudo indicou uma abordagem científica para melhorar a qualidade dos registros de óbitos, não apenas entre a população idosa, mas aplicável para qualquer faixa etária específica (infantil, adulto) ou região geográfica.(AU)


The demographic transition with global population ageing increasingly is one of the most challenging tasks for public health policies worldwide. Brazil has been experienced unprecedented demographic changes over recent decades marked by rapid growing of elder population. The recent COVID-19 pandemic affected the country with one of the most devastating scenarios in terms of number of deaths among elderly. Despite Brazil has been shown immediate efforts to provide timely public information on COVID-19 death counts, yet the quality of Brazilian COVID-19 mortality data has not been fully assessed.The objective of present study was to provide a method for evaluating the quality of COVID-19 death records on elderly population 60+ age group. The proposal followed three main steps: analysis of the coverage of deaths, redistribution of garbage codes (GCs) and redistribution of ill-defined causes (IDC). Based on the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM) data the proposal was applied for the state of Paraíba rom Northeast region of Brazil. After data quality correction and estimation of expected deaths the percentage of deaths due COVID-19 increased by 39% among elder population, being mainly influenced by GCs and IDC. The current study indicated a scientific approach for enhancing the quality of deaths records not only among elder population which can be applied for any specific age group (infant, adult) or geographic region as well.(AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Mortality , Data Accuracy , COVID-19
14.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971246

ABSTRACT

As the main cause of secondary operation and postoperative death, the incidence of intraperitoneal infectious complications varies significantly in different medical centers in China. Due to the lack of national data, it is not possible to assess and develop appropriate diagnosis and treatment strategies properly. To provide a high-quality data platform for complication registration and clinical research, a multicenter prospective database for the Prevalence of Abdominal Complications After GastroEnterological surgery was established. Based on the Hospital Information System (HIS)of 20 medical centers in China, the electronic case reporting form (e-CRF) listed on the website was used to collect medical information of patients undergoing gastric or colorectal cancer surgery. The data were verified by on-site auditing, and data cleaning was performed by R software. After the data cleaning, the data in the database was checked and evaluated by the principle investigators and data administrators. When all data queries and questions were corrected and answered, the database was locked to establish a multicenter prospective database for postoperative abdominal infectious complications (the PACAGE database). The PACAGE database has rich information resources and high data quality and is a good data platform for complication registration and clinical research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Prevalence , Data Accuracy , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Abdomen/surgery , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
15.
São Paulo; s.n; 2023. 266 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451707

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (VAN) possibilita a identificação precoce de alterações do estado nutricional promovendo a realização de intervenções em tempo oportuno. A análise das intervenções, monitoramento e avaliação das políticas de alimentação e nutrição dependem de estimativas confiáveis realizadas a partir de dados antropométricos consistentes. Objetivos: Revisar a literatura sobre VAN e métodos para analisar a qualidade dos dados antropométricos, aplicar estes métodos em dados de VAN, e propor metodologia para lidar com o excesso de variabilidade e o seu impacto no estado nutricional infantil. Métodos: Foi realizada revisões da literatura com base em documentos institucionais e científicos. Em seguida, foram obtidos dados de inquéritos do Brasil e de Portugal, do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) e do VIVALEITE-SP. A análise documental abrangeu as ações de VAN do Brasil e de Portugal. A revisão sistemática com meta-análise identificou os métodos para avaliar a qualidade de dados antropométricos. No período de 2008 a 2020, analisou-se a adequação do número de consultas ao calendário mínimo para crianças menores de 5 anos no SISVAN. No mesmo período e faixa etária, foi analisada a qualidade de dados antropométricos no SISVAN. A qualidade dos dados antropométricos do VIVALEITE-SP e do SISVAN-SP foram comparadas. Finalmente, foram comparados três métodos para lidar com o excesso de variabilidade: 1) critério OMS 2006, 2) critério SMART, e 3) uma proposta na qual utilizou-se a variabilidade do SISVAN para o cálculo dos índices nutricionais. Os resultados foram distribuídos em 6 manuscritos. Resultados: No primeiro manuscrito, observou-se que no Brasil e em Portugal as ações de VAN são efetivadas via políticas e programas de saúde. No segundo, entre os métodos identificados para análise da qualidade de dados antropométricos destacam-se sinalização de valores implausíveis, preferência de dígito, e parâmetros da distribuição. No terceiro, a adequação dos registros das crianças nascidas a partir de 2008 ao calendário mínimo de consultas do SISVAN foi de 22,3% com desigualdades sendo menor na região Norte (9,2%) e maior na região Sul (38,7%). No quarto, após a exclusão de valores biologicamente implausíveis (VBI), no índice altura para idade (A-I) (4,1%) e peso para idade (P-I) (2,1%); observou-se variabilidade elevada em A-I (DP: 1,7) e em P-I (DP: 1,3). No quinto, a frequência de VBI foi maior no SISVAN-SP do que no VIVALEITE-SP tanto para A-I (SISVAN-SP 2,6%; VIVALEITE-SP 1,0%) quanto para P-I (SISVAN-SP 2,1%; VIVALEITE-SP 0,2%). No sexto, para lidar com o excesso de variabilidade compararam-se três métodos: 1) o critério OMS 2006 se mostrou inapropriado em situações com alta variabilidade; 2) o critério SMART diminuiu a variabilidade por meio de redução expressiva do tamanho da amostra; e 3) a proposta deste estudo permitiu reduzir a variabilidade, preservando o tamanho e representatividade da amostra. Conclusões: O SISVAN demonstrou qualidade insuficiente na mensuração das variáveis antropométricas. A adequação ao calendário mínimo de consultas e qualidade de dados antropométricos evidenciam as desigualdades regionais. A proposta apresentada se mostrou confiável para descrever as tendências do estado nutricional infantil, preservando a representatividade nacional dos dados.


Introduction: Food and Nutrition Surveillance (FNS) enables early identification of modifications in the nutritional status, promoting the implementation of interventions promptly. The analysis of interventions, monitoring, and food and nutrition policies depend on reliable estimates made from consistent anthropometric data. Objectives: To review the literature about FNS and methods to analyze the anthropometric data quality, apply these methods to FNS data, and propose a methodology to deal with excessive variability and its impact on child nutritional status. Methods: Literature reviews were carried out based on institutional and scientific documents. Next, data were obtained from surveys in Brazil and Portugal, the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN, Portuguese acronym), and VIVALEITE-SP. Document analysis covered FNS actions in Brazil and Portugal. The systematic review with meta-analysis identified methods to assess the quality of anthropometric data. In the period from 2008 to 2020, the adequacy of the number of consultations to the minimum calendar for children under 5 years of age in SISVAN was analyzed. In the same period and age group, the quality of anthropometric data in SISVAN was analyzed. The quality of anthropometric data from VIVALEITE-SP and SISVAN-SP was compared. Finally, three methods for dealing with excessive variability were compared: 1) the WHO 2006 criterion, 2) the SMART criterion, and 3) a proposal in which SISVAN variability was used to calculate the nutritional scores. The results were distributed in 6 manuscripts. Results: In the first manuscript, it was observed that FNS actions are implemented through health policies and programs in Brazil and Portugal. In the second, among the methods identified for analyzing the quality of anthropometric data, the highlights are implausible values signaling, digit preference, and distribution parameters. In the third, the adequacy of the records of children born from 2008 to the minimum consultation calendar of SISVAN was 22.3%, with inequalities being lower in the North region (9.2%), and higher in the South region (38.7%). In the fourth, after excluding biologically implausible values (BIV), in height-for-age (HAZ) (4.1%) and weight-for-age (WAZ) (2.1%); overdispersion was observed in HAZ (SD: 1.7) and in WAZ (SD: 1.3). In the fifth, the frequency of BIV was higher in SISVAN-SP than in VIVALEITE-SP both for HAZ (SISVAN-SP 2.6%; VIVALEITE-SP 1.0%) and WAZ (SISVAN-SP 2.1%; VIVALEITE-SP 0.2%). In the sixth, to deal with overdispersion, three methods were compared: 1) the WHO 2006 criterion showed to be inappropriate in situations with high variability; 2) the SMART criterion decreased variability by reducing the sample size significantly; and 3) the study proposal decreased overdispersion while preserving the size and representativeness of the sample. Conclusions: SISVAN showed insufficient quality in measuring anthropometric variables. The adequacy to the minimum consultation calendar and the quality of anthropometric data show regional inequalities. The presented proposal showed to be reliable for describing trends in childrens nutritional status, preserving the national representativeness of the dataset.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Primary Health Care , Food and Nutritional Surveillance , Child , Anthropometry , Nutritional Status , Data Accuracy
16.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 57: 42, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450393

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of information on gestational syphilis (GS) and congenital syphilis (CS) on the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN-Syphilis Brazil - Notifiable Diseases Information System) by compiling and validating completeness indicators between 2007 and 2018. METHODS Overall, care, and socioeconomic completeness scores were compiled based on selected variables, by using ad hoc weights assigned by experts. The completeness scores were analysed, considering the region and area of residence, the pregnant woman's race/colour, and the year of case notification. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to validate the scores obtained by the weighted average method, compared with the values obtained by principal component analysis (PCA). RESULTS Most selected variables presented a good or excellent degree of completeness for GS and CS, except for clinical classification, pregnant woman's level of education, partner's treatment, and child's race/colour, which were classified as poor or very poor. The overall (89.93% versus 89.69%) and socioeconomic (88.71% versus 88.24%) completeness scores for GS and CS, respectively, were classified as regular, whereas the care score (GS-90.88%, and CS-90.72%) was good, despite improvements over time. Differences in the overall, care and socioeconomic completeness scores according to region, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups were reported for syphilis notifications. The completeness scores estimated by the weighted average method and PCA showed a strong linear correlation (> 0.90). CONCLUSION The completeness of GS and CS notifications has been improving in recent years, highlighting the variables that form the care score, compared with the socioeconomic scores, despite differences between regions, area of residence, and ethnic-racial groups. The weighted average was a viable methodological alternative easily operationalised to estimate data completeness scores, allowing routine monitoring of the completeness of gestational and congenital syphilis records.


Subject(s)
Syphilis, Congenital , Pregnancy , Health Information Systems , Data Accuracy
17.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 57: 46, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450396

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of yellow fever (YF) suspected case definitions from the Brazilian Ministry of Health (BMH) and World Health Organization (WHO), as well as propose and evaluate new definitions of suspected cases, considering confirmed and discarded cases. METHODS The retrospective study was conducted at the Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas (IIER), using the Epidemiologic Surveillance Form of YF cases. From the confirmed and discarded cases of YF, a logistic regression model was developed. The independent variables were used in a proposed definition of a suspected case of YF and its accuracy was evaluated. RESULTS In total, 113 YF suspect cases were reported, with 78 confirmed (69.0%). The definitions by BMH and WHO presented low sensitivity, 59% and 53.8%, and reduced accuracy, 53.1% and 47.8%, respectively. Predictive factors for YF were thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and elevation of transaminases greater than twice normal. The definition including individual with acute onset of fever, followed by elevation of ALT or AST greater than twice the reference value AND leukopenia OR thrombocytopenia presented high sensitivity (88.3%), specificity (62.9%), and the best accuracy (80.4%), as proposed in the model. CONCLUSION The YF suspected case definitions of the BMH and the WHO have low sensitivity. The inclusion of nonspecific laboratory tests increases the accuracy of YF definition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Yellow Fever/diagnosis , Yellow Fever/epidemiology , Case Reports , Epidemiological Monitoring , Data Accuracy
18.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1450400

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To characterize the internal structure of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sisvan) form of food intake markers for individuals over 2 years of age and to investigate measurement invariance between Brazilian macro-regions, life stages and over the years. METHODS A parallel analysis with factor estimation was carried out, complemented with exploratory factor analysis using all Sisvan records with valid responses in the country in 2015 (n = 298,253). Only the first record per individual was considered. Next, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate configural, metric and scalar invariance between the five macro-regions (Midwest, Northeast, North, Southeast, South) and life stages (children, adolescents, adults, elderly) in the same reference year. Invariance was evaluated longitudinally using valid individual records from 2015 to 2019 (n = 4,578,960). The adequacy of fit indices was observed at each step. RESULTS Acceptable fit indices and adequate factor loadings were found for a two-dimensional model, which grouped ultra-processed foods (factor 1) and unprocessed or minimally processed foods (factor 2). The two-dimensional structure, with the respective items in each factor underlying the set of markers, was equivalent across macro-regions, life stages and longitudinally, confirming the configural invariance. The weights of each item and its scale were homogeneous for all groups of interest, confirming metric and scalar invariances. CONCLUSIONS The internal structure of the Sisvan form of food intake markers adequately reflected its conceptual foundation, with stability of factors related to healthy and unhealthy eating in configuration, weights and scale in the investigated categories. These findings qualify food and nutritional surveillance actions, enhancing the use of Sisvan food intake markers in research, monitoring, individual guidance, and care production in the Brazilian Unified Health System.


RESUMO OBJETIVO Caracterizar a estrutura interna do formulário de marcadores do consumo alimentar do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan) para indivíduos maiores de 2 anos de idade e analisar evidências de invariância de mensuração entre macrorregiões brasileiras, fases do curso da vida e ao longo do tempo. MÉTODOS Realizou-se análise paralela com estimação de fatores complementada com análise fatorial exploratória a partir de todos os registros de primeiro acompanhamento do Sisvan com respostas válidas no país em 2015 (n = 298.253). A seguir, empregou-se a análise fatorial confirmatória multigrupo para investigação de evidências de invariância configural, métrica e escalar entre as cinco macrorregiões (Centro-Oeste, Nordeste, Norte, Sudeste e Sul) e fases do curso da vida (crianças, adolescentes, adultos e idosos), no mesmo ano de referência. Avaliou-se a invariância longitudinalmente a partir de registros individuais válidos de 2015 a 2019 (n = 4.578.960). A adequação de índices de ajuste foi observada a cada etapa. RESULTADOS Verificaram-se índices de ajuste aceitáveis e valores de carga fatorial adequados para um modelo bidimensional, que agrupou alimentos ultraprocessados (fator 1) e alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados (fator 2). A estrutura bidimensional, com os respectivos itens em cada fator subjacente ao conjunto de marcadores, foi equivalente entre macrorregiões, fases do curso da vida e longitudinalmente, confirmando a invariância configural. Os pesos de cada item e sua escala foram homogêneos para todos os grupos de interesse, confirmando as invariâncias métrica e escalar. CONCLUSÕES A estrutura interna do formulário de marcadores do consumo alimentar refletiu adequadamente seu embasamento conceitual, com estabilidade dos fatores relacionados à alimentação saudável e não saudável em configuração, cargas e escala nos recortes investigados. Esses achados qualificam ações de vigilância alimentar e nutricional, potencializando o uso dos marcadores do consumo alimentar do Sisvan em pesquisas, monitoramento, orientação individual e produção de cuidado no Sistema Único de Saúde.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychometrics , Food and Nutritional Surveillance , Eating , Health Information Systems , Data Accuracy
19.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 57: 62, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515527

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of anthropometric data of children recorded in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) from 2008 to 2017. METHOD Descriptive study on the quality of anthropometric data of children under five years of age admitted in primary care services of the Unified Health System, from the individual databases of SISVAN. Data quality was annually assessed using the indicators: coverage, completeness, sex ratio, age distribution, weight and height digit preference, implausible z-score values, standard deviation, and normality of z-scores. RESULTS In total, 73,745,023 records and 29,852,480 children were identified. Coverage increased from 17.7% in 2008 to 45.4% in 2017. Completeness of birth date, weight, and height corresponded to almost 100% in all years. The sex ratio was balanced and approximately similar to the expected ratio, ranging from 0.8 to 1. The age distribution revealed higher percentages of registrations from the ages of two to four years until mid-2015. A preference for terminal digits "zero" and "five" was identified among weight and height records. The percentages of implausible z-scores exceeded 1% for all anthropometric indices, with values decreasing from 2014 onwards. A high dispersion of z-scores, including standard deviations between 1.2 and 1.6, was identified mainly in the indices including height and in the records of children under two years of age and residents in the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions. The distribution of z-scores was symmetric for all indices and platykurtic for height/age and weight/age. CONCLUSIONS The quality of SISVAN anthropometric data for children under five years of age has improved substantially between 2008 and 2017. Some indicators require attention, particularly for height measurements, whose quality was lower especially among groups more vulnerable to nutritional problems.


RESUMO OBJETIVOS Avaliar a qualidade dos dados antropométricos de crianças registradas no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan) no período 2008-2017. MÉTODOS Estudo descritivo sobre a qualidade dos dados antropométricos de crianças menores de 5 anos atendidas nos serviços de atenção primária do Sistema Único de Saúde, a partir das bases de dados individuais do Sisvan. A qualidade dos dados foi avaliada anualmente por meio dos indicadores: cobertura, completude, razão entre sexos, distribuição da idade, preferência por dígitos de peso e estatura, valores de escore-z implausíveis, desvio-padrão e normalidade dos escores-z. RESULTADOS No total, 73.745.023 registros e 29.852.480 crianças foram identificados. A cobertura aumentou de 17,7% em 2008 para 45,4% em 2017. A completude da data de nascimento, peso e estatura correspondeu a quase 100% para todos os anos. A razão entre sexos foi equilibrada e aproximadamente similar a razão esperada, variando entre 0,8 e 1. A distribuição da idade revelou maiores percentuais de registros entre as idades de 2 a 4 anos até meados de 2015. Uma preferência pelos dígitos terminais "zero" e "cinco" foi identificada entre os registros de peso e estatura. As porcentagens de escores-z implausíveis excederam 1% para todos os índices antropométricos, com redução dos valores a partir de 2014. Uma alta dispersão dos escores-z, incluindo desvios-padrão entre 1,2 e 1,6, foi identificada principalmente nos índices incluindo estatura e nos registros de crianças menores de 2 anos e residentes das regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. A distribuição dos escores-z foi simétrica para todos os índices e platicúrtica para estatura/idade e peso/idade. CONCLUSÕES A qualidade dos dados antropométricos do Sisvan para crianças menores de 5 anos melhorou substancialmente entre 2008 e 2017. Alguns indicadores requerem atenção, sobretudo para medidas de estatura, cuja qualidade foi principalmente inferior entre os grupos mais vulneráveis a agravos nutricionais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Food and Nutritional Surveillance , Child , Anthropometry , Health Information Systems , Data Accuracy
20.
Belo Horizonte; CI-IA Saúde-UFMG; 2023. 130 p. ilus, graf, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1437637

ABSTRACT

Este eBook foi elaborado no contexto do curso de capacitação Introdução à Análise de Dados em Saúde com Python ofertado pelo Centro de Inovação em Inteligência Artificial para Saúde. O curso tem como objetivo introduzir o estudo exploratório de bases de dados de saúde, com a utilização do Python. Neste eBook, procura-se apresentar uma abordagem preliminar à Ciência de Dados, que explora e descreve um conjunto de dados com técnicas da estatística descritiva e inferencial por meio da linguagem de programação Python. O público alvo que pretende-se atingir caracteriza-se por profissionais de saúde, alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, docentes e pesquisadores da área das ciências da saúde, exatas ou demais interessados em utilizar os recursos computacionais para análise de bases de dados em saúde. A linguagem Python tem se destacado como uma ferramenta poderosa para análise de dados em saúde, possuindo uma ampla gama de bibliotecas e recursos, o Python pode ser usado para limpar, processar, analisar e visualizar dados de saúde. Além disso, a comunidade de utilizadores da linguagem Python é muito colaborativa, com muitos recursos disponíveis, incluindo documentação, tutoriais e fóruns de suporte. O conteúdo foi agrupado em conceitos iniciais sobre a utilização dos dados em saúde, introdução ao Python para utilização de dados, conceitos de limpeza e tratamento de dados, aplicação da estatística descritiva com os sumários estatísticos e gráficos, técnicas de amostragens, aplicação da estatística inferencial com os testes de hipótese, de associação, de médias, de medianas e correlações, além de explorar a estilização de gráficos.


Subject(s)
Electronic Data Processing , Artificial Intelligence/statistics & numerical data , Data Analysis , Statistics , Health Information Systems , Data Accuracy
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