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Introducción. El dengue es una infección viral que puede cursar de forma asintomática o incluir manifestaciones graves. El objetivo del trabajo es describir las características de una población pediátrica durante el brote epidémico del 2023. Población y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal que incluyó pacientes con dengue probable o confirmado atendidos del 13 de marzo de 2023 al 19 de mayo de 2023 en un hospital pediátrico de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Resultados. Se incluyeron 112 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 12 años; el 58 % fueron varones. El 76 % procedía de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. El 25 % tenía convivientes con sintomatología compatible con caso sospechoso. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron fiebre, cefalea con dolor retroocular y mioartralgias. Las alteraciones de laboratorio más frecuentes fueron la leucopenia (65 %) y la elevación de transaminasas (60 %). El 21 % (24/112) presentó signos de alarma y requirió internación. La leucopenia, la plaquetopenia y el aumento de transaminasas se asociaron con la presencia de signos de alarma. Se confirmaron 53 pacientes por PCR-RT detectable, el serotipo 2 fue el más frecuente. Se asumieron como casos probables de dengue 21 pacientes con prueba NS1 positiva, 18 pacientes con IgM positiva y 20 pacientes con clínica y nexo epidemiológico. No hubo casos de dengue grave. Conclusión. Durante la infección por dengue, la sospecha clínica precoz y el reconocimiento de los parámetros de laboratorio asociados a los signos de alarma resultan esenciales para un adecuado abordaje de la enfermedad y un tratamiento de sostén precoz.

Introduction. Dengue is a viral infection that may be asymptomatic or include severe manifestations. This study aims to describe the characteristics of a pediatric population during the epidemic outbreak in 2023. Population and methods. This cross-sectional study included patients with probable or confirmed dengue fever who were seen from March 13, 2023, to May 19, 2023, in a pediatric hospital in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. Results. A total of 112 patients were included. The median age was 12 years; 58% were male. Seventysix percent of them came from the City of Buenos Aires. Twenty-five percent had cohabitants with symptoms compatible with a suspected case. The most frequent clinical manifestations were fever, headache, retro-ocular pain, myalgia, and arthralgia. The most frequent laboratory alterations were leukopenia (65%) and elevated transaminases (60%). Twenty-one percent (24/112) presented alarm signs and required hospitalization. Leukopenia, plateletopenia, and elevated transaminases were associated with the presence of alarm signs. RT-PCR was detected in fifty-three patients; serotype 2 was the most frequent. Twenty-one patients had positive NS1 tests, 18 patients had positive IgM, and 20 patients with clinical and epidemiological links were assumed to be probable dengue cases. There were no cases of severe dengue. Conclusion. Early clinical suspicion and recognition of laboratory parameters associated with alarm signs are essential for an adequate approach to the disease and early supportive treatment during dengue infection.

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Las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos representan un problema creciente de salud pública. Se calcula que hay alrededor de 600 millones de personas que enferman por ingerir alimentos contaminados en el mundo. En El Salvador, durante 2023, se reportaron 129 casos de intoxicación alimentaria. Objetivo. Determinar las causas de un brote de enfermedad transmitida por alimentos en un centro escolar público del municipio de Nahuizalco, departamento de Sonsonate. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles con relación 2:1 en 205 alumnos de un centro escolar público en El Salvador involucrados en un brote de enfermedad transmitida por alimentos. Se utilizaron medidas de frecuencia, distribución y asociación como Odds Ratios (OR) con sus respectivas medidas de significancia estadística. Y se recolectaron hisopados de los lechos ungueales y nasofaríngeos de los manipuladores de alimentos. Resultados. Se identificaron 64 casos confirmados, a predominio del sexo femenino (58 %). El síntoma más frecuente fue el dolor abdominal (77 %) y la mayoría de los casos fueron leves con manejo ambulatorio (67 %). En el análisis estadístico, el consumo de cereal con leche mostró una asociación significativa con un Odds Ratio de 19,67 (IC 95 %: 6,78 ­ 57,10). Conclusión. La causa asociada al brote fue la ingesta de cereal con leche preparado por los manipuladores de alimentos del centro escolar. Debido a la falta de pruebas diagnósticas y al retraso en la notificación del brote al sistema de salud, la identificación del agente causal no fue posible

Foodborne diseases represent an increasing public health problem. It is estimated that globally around 600 million people get sick from consuming contaminated food. In El Salvador, 129 food poisoning cases were reported during 2023. Objective. Determine the causes of a foodborne illness outbreak in a public school in the municipality of Nahuizalco, department of Sonsonate. Methodology. A case-control study was conducted with a 2:1 ratio in an outbreak of 205 students from a public school in El Salvador. Measures of frequency, distribution and association were used such as Odds Ratios (OR) with their respective statistical significance. Nasopharyngeal and nail bed swabs were collected from food handlers. Results.Sixty four cases were identified, predominantly female (58 %). The most frequent symptom was abdominal pain (77 %) and the majority of cases were mild with outpatient management (67 %). Statistically, consumption of cereal with milk showed a significant association with illness with an Odds Ratio of 19, 67 (IC 95 %: 6.78 ­ 57.10). Conclusion. The associated cause with the outbreak was the ingestion of cereal with milk prepared by the school's food handlers. Due to the delay in notification of the outbreak to the health system, identification of the causal agent was not possible

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La publicación semanal describe la información epidemiológica, producto de la notificación de los establecimientos de salud del Ministerio de Salud, Gobiernos regionales, EsSalud, Sanidades de fuerzas armadas y policiales, y privados, que conforman la Red Nacional de Epidemiología (RENACE), además de información o análisis especializado que desarrolla el CDC MINSA, a fin de gestionar de manera eficaz, eficiente y oportuna los procesos de vigilancia epidemiológica, inteligencia sanitaria, salud global, respuesta y control de brotes, epidemias y otros eventos de importancia en salud pública. Asimismo, la ocurrencia de brotes y/o epidemia, tales como el sarampión, rubéola, parálisis Flácida Aguda (PFA), loxoscelismo, , varicela, y otros brotes endémicas a nivel nacional para una adecuada y oportuna toma de decisiones en prevención y control en salud pública

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La poliomielitis es una enfermedad de antigua data que afecta exclusivamente a los humanos. Sus secuelas de parálisis se encuentran ya documentadas en escritos del antiguo Egipto. Es producida por el poliovirus y se transmite por vía fecal-oral. Uno de cada doscientos niños infectados sufre un ataque vírico a las neuronas motoras del sistema nervioso central, que deja como secuela una parálisis flácida muscular. En la Argentina, las últimas epidemias de poliomielitis ocurrieron entre 1955 y1957, en 1971 y en 1983. La epidemia de 1953 registró 2.700 casos, mientras que en la de 1956 hubo 6.490 casos, con una tasa de mortalidad del 33,7%. Durante 1971, 46 pacientes fueron internados con diagnóstico de poliomielitis en las salas que dependían de la cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en el predio del Hospital Francisco Javier Muñiz. La cohorte estaba compuesta por 26 varones y 20 mujeres. Hemos realizado una revisión de las historias clínicas de aquellos pacientes, obrantes en el archivo de la cátedra. (AU)

Poliomyelitis is a human disease of ancient origin. Evidence of sequelae of paralysis is documented in ancient Egyptian writings. It is caused by the poliovirus and is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. One out of 200 infected children suffers a viral attack on the central nervous system´s motor neurons, which results in flaccid muscle paralysis. In Argentina, the last polio epidemics occurred between 1955 and 1957, in 1971 and in 1983. The 1953 poliomyelitis epidemic reported a total of 2,700 cases, while in the 1956 outbreak 6,490 cases were recorded with a mortality rate of 33.7%. In 1971, 46 patients were diagnosed with poliomyelitis and admitted to the wards of the Department of Infectious Diseases at the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, located in the Javier Muñiz Hospital. The cohort consisted of 26 men and 20 women. We reviewed the medical records of those patients, recorded in the Department´s archive. (AU)

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Background: Infectious disease outbreaks are common in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Consequently, integrated public health surveillance has become increasingly essential for the region. Health surveillance systems enable early detection and monitoring of emerging and re-emerging disease outbreaks, thus informing preparedness and response measures. However, complex and intertwined factors obstruct a successful integrated public health surveillance in SSA, with dire consequences. Objectives: The objective of this article was to establish how big data analytics can be used to enhance integrated infectious disease surveillance and response in SSA. Method: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used to identify and select relevant articles. A total of 10 studies that addressed the article's objective were selected. Results: Findings reveal several barriers to the application of big data analytics for public health surveillance in SSA. These include the absence of regulatory and data governance frameworks for big data management in healthcare, disparities in digital health infrastructure across SSA's healthcare systems, and the digital and analytical skills required for data capture and interpretation. The development of regulatory frameworks is essential for the ethical application of analytical technologies such as artificial intelligence. Conclusion: This article's contributions emphasise the need for comprehensive strategies for the application of big data analytics for public health surveillance, as well as addressing barriers to its successful application by highlighting the requirements for an integrated infectious disease surveillance and response system in SSA. Contribution: The article contributes to the body of knowledge on the interplay between the public health space and digital health interventions by emphasising the beneficial applications of big data analytics for surveillance and response to address emerging and re-emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the health systems of sub-Saharan Africa.

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Introduction:One Health approach integrates human, animal, and environmental health, recognizing their intricate relationship. It is an important approach to address complex public health challenges such as zoonoses, anti-microbial resistance (AMR), food safety and security, the impact of climate change,biodiversity degradation and many other health challenges that requirecollaborative efforts. East African Community (EAC) is among the regions that face such challenges. Hence, there is a dire need to adopt the One Health approach to prevent and control many of the public health threats.Aimand objectives:To develop and implement a comprehensive regional One Health approach for the East African Community (EAC) that enhances collaborative efforts in addressing public health threats through an integrated approach to human, animal, and environmental health. The objectives of the work were to assessand strengthen current One Health initiatives, to assess the status of One Health implementation in the region and to recommend the best approach to develop a Regional One Health Strategy that would enhance the sustainable One Health approachin the EAC.Data Collection: Data was collected through consultations with sector representatives from the EAC Partner States, the EA Secretariat, and the EAC Expert Working Group (EWG). Between October 2020 and May 2022, documents and reports from the EAC secretariat and Partner States were also extensively reviewed. Findings: The EAC has been facing numerous public health threats due to severalfactors, including its geographical location, high population density and movements, limited access to healthcare, limited disease surveillance and control,etc. Although a formal regional One Health strategy was lacking during the time of the data collection exercise, key initiatives like contingency plans development, risk analysis and communication, development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) as well as capacity-building efforts for various health risks had been carried out, all under the umbrella of One Health. Some EAC Partner States have developed national One Health strategies and created multi-sectoral platforms to address public health challenges. Including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the EAC region in April 2023 emphasized the need fora more comprehensive regional approach due to the DRC's vast tropical forests and history of infectious disease outbreaks. Conclusion: Most public health threats do not recognize borders. Hence, there is a need to unify EAC Partner States' efforts to effectively and efficiently address regionally evolving public health threats. This requires implementing a One Health approach, thereby emphasizing the significance of a regional One Health strategy. The unified approach will safeguard the well-being of human and animal health, the ecosystems in the region,and the socio-economy. Challenges may include securing adequate, sustainable resources, harmonizing efforts among Partner States, and aligning regulatory frameworks and resource capacities. *

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for death from influenza A(H1N1), including the effectiveness of the vaccine against influenza A(H1N1) concerning mortality. METHODS A case-control of incident cases of influenza A(H1N1) reported in the epidemiological information systems of the states of São Paulo, Paraná, Pará, Amazonas, and Rio Grande do Sul was conducted. RESULTS 305 participants were included, 70 of them cases and 235 controls, distributed as follows: Amazonas, 9 cases/10 controls; Pará, 22 cases/77 controls, São Paulo, 19 cases/49 controls; Paraná, 10 cases/54 controls; Rio Grande do Sul, 10 cases/45 controls. These participants had a mean age of 30 years, with 33 years among cases and 25 years among controls. There was a predominance of females both among the cases and controls. Biological (age), pre-existing diseases (congestive heart failure, respiratory disease, and diabetes mellitus), and care factors (ICU admission) associated with death from influenza A(H1N1) were identified. CONCLUSION The risk factors identified in this investigation not only allowed subsidizing the elaboration of clinical conducts but also indicate important aspects for facing "new" influenza epidemics that are likely to occur in our country.

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Resumo Este ensaio objetiva discutir as investigações de surtos e epidemias, desde os primeiros relatos disponíveis na literatura científica do século XVIII até o momento atual, utilizando para sua construção artigos científicos e livros sobre a temática. O principal argumento desenvolvido é a passagem de abordagens qualitativas da epidemiologia, predominantes nos períodos iniciais, para a abordagem quantitativa, que inicialmente convive com a qualitativa, mas se torna dominante a partir da segunda metade do século XIX. Conclui-se com uma breve reflexão sobre o momento atual de enfrentamento da epidemia da covid-19.

Abstract This essay aims to discuss the investigation of outbreaks and epidemics, from the first reports available in scientific literature from the 18th century to the present time, using scientific articles and books on the subject for its construction. The main argument developed is the transition from qualitative approaches of epidemiology, which predominated in the early periods, to the quantitative approach, which initially coexists with the qualitative one but became dominant from the second half of the 19th century. It concludes with a brief reflection on the current moment of confronting the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease that poses a significant economic threat to cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle and sheep. The emergence of a novel foot and mouth disease virus-A isolate, FMDV-A-Egy-AHRI-RL385-Ven-2022, in Egypt in 2022 has raised concerns about its potential impact on existing vaccination programs. Given that vaccination is a key strategy for foot and mouth disease virus control, the present study was aimed to assess the cross-protective efficacy of both local and imported inactivated vaccines against this new threat. Through challenge experiments and serum neutralization tests, we observed limited effectiveness of both vaccine types. The calculated r1-values at 28 days post-vaccination indicated a minimal immune response to FMDV-A-Egy-AHRI-RL385-Ven-2022 (0.176 and 0.175 for local and imported vaccines, respectively). Challenge experiments further confirmed these findings, revealing 0percent protection from the local vaccine and only 20percent rotection from imported vaccines by day 7 post-challenge. These results underscore the urgent need to update existing foot and mouth disease virus vaccines in Egypt by incorporating the newly circulating FMDV-A-Egy-AHRI-RL385-Ven-2022 strain. This proactive measure is crucial to prevent future outbreaks and ensure effective disease control(AU)

La fiebre aftosa es una enfermedad vírica muy contagiosa que supone una importante amenaza económica para los animales biungulados, entre ellos el ganado vacuno y ovino. La aparición de un nuevo aislado del virus A de la fiebre aftosa, el FMDV-A-Egy-AHRI-RL385-Ven-2022, en Egipto en 2022 ha suscitado preocupación por su posible impacto en los programas de vacunación existentes. Dado que la vacunación es una estrategia clave para el control del virus de la fiebre aftosa, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la eficacia protectora cruzada de las vacunas inactivadas locales e importadas frente a esta nueva amenaza. Mediante experimentos de desafío y pruebas de seroneutralización, observamos una eficacia limitada de ambos tipos de vacuna. Los valores r1 calculados a los 28 días posvacunación indicaron una respuesta inmunitaria mínima frente a FMDV-A-Egy-AHRI-RL385-Ven-2022 (0,176 y 0,175 para las vacunas local e importada, respectivamente). Los experimentos de provocación confirmaron aún más estos resultados, revelando un 0 por ciento de protección de la vacuna local y sólo un 20 por ciento de protección de las vacunas importadas al séptimo día después de la provocación. Estos resultados subrayan la urgente necesidad de actualizar las vacunas existentes contra el virus de la fiebre aftosa en Egipto incorporando la nueva cepa circulante FMDV-A-Egy-AHRI-RL385-Ven-2022. Esta medida proactiva es crucial para prevenir futuros brotes y garantizar un control eficaz de la enfermedad(AU)

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No ano de 2023 a 7ª Jornada Científica da SES-GO, organizada pela Equipe da Gerência de Pesquisa e Inovação, da Superintendência da Escola de Saúde de Goiás (GEPI/SESG) /Subsecretaria de Inovação, Planejamento, Educação e Infraestrutura (SUBIPEI), trouxe como tema "Ciência para a comunidade", em um movimento que reforça a necessidade da caminhada do saber científico até aos mais diversos e remotos territórios e suas comunidades, compartilhando com as pessoas, em seu cotidiano, os resultados de pesquisas e experiências exitosas, traduzindo suas aplicabilidades no SUS

In 2023, the 7th Scientific Conference of SES-GO, organized by the Research and Innovation Management Team of the Superintendence of the Goiás School of Health (GEPI/SESG)/Subsecretariat of Innovation, Planning, Education and Infrastructure (SUBIPEI), brought as its theme "Science for the communit", in a movement that reinforces the need for scientific knowledge to reach the most diverse and remote territories and their communities, sharing with people, in their daily lives, the results of successful research and experiences, translating their applicability in the SUS

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INTRODUCCIÓN: La viruela símica es una infección zoonótica que se ha distribuido por todo el mundo. La búsqueda de información en internet refleja el interés y concientización de la población acerca de salud. OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación entre el volumen relativo de búsquedas en internet con el número de casos confirmados por la viruela símica en diez países. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio obser- vacional, analítico, retrospectivo, utilizando la herramienta Google Trends (GT™) para encontrar el volumen relativo búsqueda (VRB) sobre viruela símica desde 01 de enero al 31 de agosto del 2022 usando términos de búsqueda en el idioma oficial de los 10 países con mayor número de casos en dichas fechas, registrado por Our World in Data. Para establecer la relación lineal entre el VRB con los nuevos de casos por día se usó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson con un nivel de significancia (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTADOS: Se encontró un coeficiente de correlación de Pearson fuerte en Brasil (Rp = 0,562,p = 0,001), y débil en países como Alemania (Rp = 0,281, p = 0,004), Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (Rp = 0,255, p = 0,008), España (Rp = 0,122, p = 0,213), Perú (Rp = 0,120, p = 0,333), Canadá (Rp = 0,116, p = 0,238), Francia (Rp = 0,095, p = 0,335), Reino Unido (Rp = 0,085, p = 0,362), Portugal (Rp = 0,024, p = 0,805) y Países Bajos (Rp = 0,067, p = 0,497). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestro estudio evidencio que el VRB presento una relación positiva con el número de nuevos casos de viruela símica. Asimismo, se observo un coeficiente de correlación fuerte en Brasil, y en el resto de países fue débil.

BACKGROUND: Smallpox is a zoonotic infection that has been distributed worldwide. The search for information on the Internet reflects the interest and awareness of the population about health. AIM: To determine the correlation between the relative volume of internet searches and the number of confirmed cases of smallpox in ten countries. METHODS: An observational, analytical, retrospective study was conducted using the Google Trends (GT™) tool to find the relative search volume (RSV) on monkeypox from January 1 to August 31, 2022 using search terms in the official language of the 10 countries with the highest number of cases on those dates, as recorded by Our World in Data. To establish the relationship between RSV and new cases per day, Spearman's correlation was used with a significance level (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: A. strong Pearson correlation coefficient was found in Brazil (Rp = 0.562, p = 0.001), and weak in countries like Germany (Rp = 0.281, p = 0.004), United States (Rp = 0.255, p = 0.008), Spain (Rp = 0. 122, p = 0.213), Peru (Rp = 0.120, p = 0.333), Canada (Rp = 0.116, p = 0.238), France (Rp = 0.095, p = 0.335), United Kingdom (Rp = 0.085, p = 0.362), Portugal (Rp = 0.024, p = 0.805) and Netherlands (Rp = 0.067, p = 0.497). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that RSV had a positive relationship with the number of new cases of smallpox. Also, a strong correlation coefficient was observed in Brazil, while the rest of the countries showed a weak correlation coefficient.

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La viruela fue una de las enfermedades epidémicas más temidas desde la antigüedad debido a su alta mortalidad y a las secuelas que dejaba en aquellos que lograban sobrevivir. En el presente trabajo se abordará el ingreso de esta enfermedad en nuestro continente, así como su manifestación a través de epidemias, brotes y focos endémicos. Al mismo tiempo se verá qué reacciones provocó dentro del ámbito médico durante los años del Virreinato del Río de la Plata. Se analizarán los problemas que surgieron con el uso de la vacuna importada, así como el hallazgo de nuestra vacuna local, finalizando con los comienzos de la organización de los servicios de vacunación obligatoria. (AU)

Smallpox was one of the most feared epidemic diseases since ancient times due to its high mortality and the sequelae caused in those that managed to survive. In the present work, the introduction of this disease into our continent will be addressed as well as its manifestation through epidemics, outbreaks, and endemic foci. At the same time, the reactions this disease caused inside the medical field during the years of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata will be observed. The problems that arose from the usage of the imported vaccine and the discovery of our local vaccine will be analyzed, and it will finish with the beginnings of the organization of the mandatory vaccination services. (AU)

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El Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) causa enfermedad invasiva (EI). Se distinguen cepas capsuladas, como el serotipo b (Hib), y cepas no tipificables (HNT). Al año de declarada la pandemia por COVID-19, observamos un aumento de casos. Se describen las características clínico-epidemiológicas de niños con EI por Hi internados en el hospital (julio 2021-julio 2022). Hubo 14 casos; 12 previamente sanos. Aislamientos: Hib (n = 6), Hi serotipo a (n = 2), HNT (n = 5), 1 no se tipificó. Mediana de edad: 8,5 meses (RIC 4-21). Manifestaciones: meningitis (n = 5), neumonía (n = 6), celulitis (n = 2), artritis (n = 1). Nueve presentaron vacunación incompleta para Hib. Observamos un incremento de EI por Hi de 2,5 veces respecto a años previos. Estos datos sugieren el resurgimiento de Hib por la caída de las coberturas de vacunación y porque otras cepas de Hi no b están en aumento.

Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) causes invasive disease. There are encapsulated strains, such as serotype b (Hib), and non-typeable strains (NTHi). One year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases increased. In this report we describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children hospitalized with invasive Hi disease (July 2021-July 2022). There were 14 cases; 12 were previously healthy children. Isolations: Hib (n = 6), Hi serotype a (n = 2), NTHi (n = 5); 1 case was not typified. Median age: 8.5 months (IQR: 4­21). Manifestations: meningitis (n = 5), pneumonia (n = 6), cellulitis (n = 2), arthritis (n = 1). Incomplete Hib immunization was observed in 9 children. Invasive Hi disease increased 2.5 times from previous years. These data suggest the reemergence of Hib due to a decline in vaccination coverage and an increase in other non-b-type Hi serotypes.

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En ese sentido, el estudio de carga de enfermedad en el Perú del 2019 nos presenta las principales enfermedades y lesiones que han aportado mayor número de años de vida saludables perdidos en el país, reconociendo no solo aquellas que producen muerte prematura, sino también discapacidad. De esta manera, podemos disponer de información valiosa para la toma de decisiones en salud pública y dirigir las acciones hacia un mayor beneficio para la población de nuestro país. Los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad -AVISA- estiman la carga de la enfermedad, de acuerdo a las distintas causas o problemas de salud consideradas. Un AVISA corresponde a un año de vida sana perdido y la medición de la carga de enfermedad por este indicador significaría la brecha existente entre la situación actual de salud de una población y la ideal en la que cada miembro de esa población podría alcanzar la vejez libre de enfermedad y discapacidad.

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Introduction: It has been shown that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs mainly by air, and the risk of infection is greater in closed spaces. Objective: To describe the epidemiology, virology and molecular characterization of a COVID-19 outbreak at a closed vaccination point during the third wave of SARS-CoV-2 in Colombia. Materials and methods: Diagnostic tests, interviews, sampling, cell cultures and viral sequencing were carried out, the latter being molecular characterization and lineage identification. Results: Seven workers were positive for SARS-CoV-2; among these, 3 samples were analyzed, plus an additional sample belonging to the mother of the presumed index case; all samples were identified with lineage B.1.625, with a maximum of 2 nucleotides difference between them. Conclusions: Variant B.1.625 was identified as the cause of the COVID-19 outbreak, and a co-worker was also identified as the index case. Unexpectedly, attending a vaccination day became a risk factor for acquiring the infection.

Introducción. Se ha demostrado que la transmisión de SARS-CoV-2 se produce principalmente por vía aérea y el riesgo de infección es mayor en espacios cerrados con alta concentración de personas; este último factor se presentó en algunos de los puestos de vacunación de la ciudad de Medellín. Objetivo. Describir la epidemiología, virología y caracterización molecular de un brote de COVID-19 en un punto de vacunación cerrado durante la tercera ola de SARS-CoV-2 en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron test diagnósticos, entrevistas, toma de muestras, aislamiento viral y secuenciación genómica. Con esta última, se hizo la caracterización molecular y se identificó el linaje. Resultados. Siete trabajadores fueron positivos para SARS-CoV-2, y de estos, tres muestras fueron secuenciadas, más una muestra adicional perteneciente a la madre del presunto caso índice. Todas las muestras fueron identificadas con el linaje B.1.625, con un máximo de dos nucleótidos de diferencia entre ellas. Conclusiones. Se identificó la variante B.1.625 como la causante del brote de COVID-19, y también un compañero de trabajo fue identificado como el caso índice. De forma imprevista, asistir a una jornada de vacunación se convirtió en un factor de riesgo para adquirir la infección.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hemodialysis (HD) units is challenging. AIM: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on HD with COVID-19, between March 2020 and January 28, 2021, attending a single HD unit in Bogotá, Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective observational study, incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality rate were estimated, including screening results with RT-PCR and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies in all patients and health personnel in the HD unit. RESULTS: Among patients and health workers, 55 and 9 cases of COVID-19 were identified, respectively. The median age of patients was 63 years (84% males). Fifty five percent of patients were symptomatic, with fever, cough and/or myalgia. The most common comorbidities were hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease. The cumulative incidence of infection was 30.2%, population seroprevalence was 24.9%, and fatality was 9.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this HD unit was high. Strict biosafety protocols are required to prevent outbreaks.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La prevención y el control de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en las unidades de hemodiálisis (HD) es un desafío. OBJETIVO: Describir las características clínicas y la evolución de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en HD con COVID-19, entre marzo de 2020 y el 28 de enero de 2021, que acudieron a una unidad de HD en Bogotá, Colombia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional prospectivo con estimación de incidencia, prevalencia y letalidad, incluyendo los resultados del cribado con RT-PCR y anticuerpos IgG e IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 en todos los pacientes y personal sanitario de la unidad de HD. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 55 casos de pacientes en HD y 9 casos de trabajadores de salud con COVID-19. La mediana de edad de los pacientes fue de 63 años y 84% eran hombres. Cincuenta y cinco por ciento de los pacientes eran sintomáticos, con fiebre, tos y/o mialgia. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedad coronaria. La incidencia acumulada de infección fue del 30,2%, la seroprevalencia poblacional del 24,9% y la letalidad del 9,1%. CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en esta unidad de HD fue alta. Se requieren de protocolos estrictos de bioseguridad para evitar brotes.