Tiempo empleado para estimar edad dental en niños peruanos comparando el método de Demirjian y el cuadro integral del enfoque de Demirjian: un estudio piloto / Time spent to estimate dental age in peruvian children comparing the demirjian method and the comprehensive chart based on demirjian method: a pilot study

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el tiempo empleado al estimar la edad dental (ED) entre el método propuesto por Demirjian et al. y el cuadro integral del enfoque de Demirjian (DAEcc) utilizando radiografías panorámicas digitales de individuos peruanos de 5 a 13 años residentes en Lima. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, comparativo, transversal y retrospectivo. Se utilizaron 100 radiografías panorámicas digitales que presentaban siete dientes permanentes mandibulares izquierdos. Una odontóloga forense capacitada y calibrada determinó el tiempo utilizado en evaluar la maduración dental y la estimación de ED con dos métodos (Demirjian y DAEcc). La unidad de medida utilizada fue los minutos (min.). No hubo diferencias en el tiempo de evaluación del estadio de maduración dental entre ambos métodos (p<0,05). El tiempo para estimar ED fue estadísticamente inferior con DAEcc (2,09 min) que con Demirjian (4,19 min). La diferencia del tiempo total de evaluación resultó estadísticamente significativa entre ambos métodos (Δ2,1 min.; 2,05-2,11; p=0,000). La aplicación del DAEcc redujo en 50 % el tiempo empleado en estimar ED en comparación con los cuadros propuestos por Demirjian. Aunque la odontología forense se centra en el estudio de la eficacia de estimación de la edad, es necesario abordar también su uso práctico.

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to compare the time used to estimate dental age (DA) between the method proposed by Demirjian et al., and the comprehensive chart for dental age estimation (DAEcc) using digital panoramic radiographs of Peruvian individuals aged 5 to 13 years residing in Lima. A non- experimental, comparative, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out. 100 digital panoramic radiographs showing seven mandibular left permanent teeth were used. A trained and calibrated forensic odontologist determined the time used to assess tooth maturation and DA estimation with two methods (Demirjian and DAEcc). The unit of measurement used was minutes (min.). There were no differences in the evaluation time of the dental maturation stage between both methods (p<0.05). The time spent to estimate DA was statistically less with DAEcc (2.09 min) than with Demirjian (4.19 min). The difference in total evaluation time was statistically significant between both methods (Δ2.1 min; 2.05-2.11; p=0.000).The application of DAEcc reduced by 50 % the time spent estimating DA compared to the method proposed by Demirjian. Although forensic odontology focuses on the study of the effectiveness of age estimation, its practical use needs to be addressed as well.

Anamnesis ambiental como parte de la consulta pediátrica: estudio piloto / Environmental history-taking as part of pediatric consultations: a pilot study

Introducción. La salud ambiental infantil es la rama de la pediatría que estudia la influencia del medioambiente en la salud y la enfermedad de los niños. Las exposiciones ambientales globales representan una seria amenaza para la salud, lo que justifica una mayor investigación y acción. Objetivo. Evaluar la salud ambiental de una muestra de niños que viven en áreas urbanas y rurales de la ciudad de Uruguaiana, Brasil. Población y métodos. Se incluyeron padres/tutores (n = 714) de niños atendidos en el Policlínico Infantil de la Ciudad de Uruguaiana de enero a octubre de 2021, que respondieron la anamnesis ambiental en pediatría (Sociedad Brasileña de Pediatría). Los datos obtenidos se analizaron según la residencia en zona urbana o rural, o el ingreso familiar. Resultados. Al comparar los habitantes de la zona urbana (n = 660) con los de la zona rural (n = 54), verificamos que entre los de la zona rural fue significativamente mayor la actividad con productos químicos (15 % vs. 32,7 %; p = 0,004), vivir cerca de plantación (7,5 % vs. 74,5 %; p <0,001) o con fuente de contaminación (4,8 % vs. 32,7 %; p <0,001), tener perro (62 % vs. 87,3 %; p <0,001), usar plaguicidas (0,6 % vs. 32,7 %; p <0,001) y exposición a contaminación química (2,6 % vs. 18,2 %; p <0,001). En el área urbana predominó la exposición al tránsito de vehículos cerca de la vivienda (85 % vs. 48,1 %; p <0,001), renta media inferior a 3 salarios mínimos (90 %) y baja escolaridad. Conclusión. Realizar la anamnesis ambiental es fundamental para la detección de amenazas ambientales presentes en los lugares donde los niños y adolescentes viven, aprenden, juegan y estudian.

Introduction. Children's environmental health studies the influence of the environment on health and disease in children. Global environmental exposures pose a serious threat to health, warranting further research and action. Objective. To assess the environmental health of a sample of children living in urban and rural areas in Uruguaiana, Brazil. Population and methods. We included parents/legal guardians (n = 714) of children seen at Policlinica Infantil de Uruguaiana between January and October 2021, who completed the environmental history- taking in pediatrics (Brazilian Society of Pediatrics). Collected data were analyzed based on place of residence (urban or rural) or household income. Results. The comparison between inhabitants of the urban area (n = 660) and the rural area (n = 54) established that, among those living in the rural area, activity with chemical substances (15% versus 32.7%; p = 0.004), living near a plantation (7.5% versus 74.5%; p < 0.001) or near a source of contamination (4.8% versus 32.7%; p < 0.001), having a dog (62% versus 87.3%; p < 0.001), using pesticides (0.6% versus 32.7%; p < 0.001), and exposure to chemical contamination (2.6% versus 18.2%; p < 0.001) were significantly higher. In the urban area, exposure to vehicle traffic near the house (85% versus 48.1%; p < 0.001), an average income below 3 minimum wages (90%), and a low level of education predominated. Conclusion. Environmental history-taking is critical for the detection of environmental threats present in the areas where children and adolescents live, learn, play, and study

[Errata] Estudo piloto sobre diâmetro do canal lombar e distância percorrida em pacientes com estenose espinhal lombar: um modelo de predição multivariado / [Erratum] Pilot study on lumbar canal diameter and walking distance in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a multivariate prediction model

INTRODUCTION: Neurogenic claudication (NC) is the classic clinical presentation of patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS). These patients may or may not present with symptoms of leg pain and difficulty walking. These symptoms are exacerbated while walking and standing and are eased by sitting or bending forward. METHOD: Patients with LSS, having a lumbar canal diameter of ≤12mm, were recruited from a recognized Tertiary care hospital. Each subject's demographic characteristics and anthropometrics were noted, and the testing procedure was explained. The canal diameter was documented with the help of an MRI report. A self-paced walking test was used to assess the walking distance. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Depending on the normality of the data, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was used to find the correlation between canal diameter at different lumbar levels and walking distance in patients with LSS. RESULT: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) determined a fair positive correlation (r = 0.29) between lumbar canal diameter and walking distance. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was done, and a prediction equation was found for different levels of canal stenosis. CONCLUSION: Findings of our present study suggest a fair positive correlation between walking distance and canal diameter at L5-S1. This study may also be useful in predicting the approximate canal diameter by estimating the walking distance of the patient with symptoms of LSS and vice-versa.

INTRODUÇÃO: A claudicação neurogênica (CN) é a apresentação clínica clássica de pacientes com Estenose Espinhal Lombar (EEL). Esses pacientes podem ou não apresentar sintomas de dor nas pernas e dificuldade para caminhar. Esses sintomas são exacerbados ao caminhar e ficar em pé e são aliviados ao sentar ou inclinar-se para a frente. MÉTODO: Pacientes com EEL, com diâmetro do canal lombar ≤12mm, foram recrutados em um hospital terciário reconhecido. As características demográficas e antropométricas de cada sujeito foram anotadas e o procedimento do teste foi explicado. O diâmetro do canal foi documentado com a ajuda de um relatório de ressonância magnética. Um teste de caminhada individualizado foi usado para avaliar a distância percorrida. ANÁLISE ESTATÍSTICA: Dependendo da normalidade dos dados, o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r) foi usado para encontrar a correlação entre o diâmetro do canal em diferentes níveis lombares e a distância percorrida em pacientes com EEL. RESULTADO: O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r) determinou uma correlação positiva razoável (r = 0,29) entre o diâmetro do canal lombar e a distância percorrida. Análise de regressão múltipla stepwise foi feita, e uma equação de predição foi encontrada para diferentes níveis de estenose do canal. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados de nosso estudo sugerem uma correlação positiva razoável entre a distância percorrida e o diâmetro do canal em L5-S1. Este estudo também pode ser útil para prever o diâmetro aproximado do canal, estimando a distância percorrida pelo paciente com sintomas de EEL e vice-versa.

Toll-like receptor 9 polymorphisms in brazilian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot study / Polimorfismos do receptor toll-like 9 em pacientes brasileiros com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: um estudo piloto

Abstract Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an important component of the innate immune system and have been associated with several autoimmune diseases, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to investigate polymorphisms in TLR9 gene in a Brazilian SLE patients group and their association with clinical manifestation, particularly Jaccoud's arthropathy (JA). We analyzed DNA samples from 204 SLE patients, having a subgroup of them presenting JA (n=24). A control group (n=133) from the same city was also included. TLR9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (−1237 C>T and +2848 G>A) were identified by sequencing analysis. The TLR9 gene genotype frequency was similar both in SLE patients and the control group. In the whole SLE population, an association between the homozygosis of allele C at position −1237 with psychosis and anemia (p < 0.01) was found. Likewise, the homozygosis of allele G at position +2848 was associated with a discoid rash (p < 0.05). There was no association between JA and TLR9 polymorphisms. These data show that TLR9 polymorphisms do not seem to be a predisposing factor for SLE in the Brazilian population, and that SNPs are not associated with JA.

Resumo O receptor Toll-like 9 (TLR9) é um componente importante do sistema imunológico inato e tem sido associado a várias doenças autoimunes, como o Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES). O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar polimorfismos no gene TLR9 em um grupo de pacientes brasileiros com LES e sua associação com a manifestação clínica, particularmente a artropatia de Jaccoud (JA). Foram analisadas amostras de DNA de 204 pacientes com LES, e um subgrupo com JA (n=24). Um grupo de controle (n=133) da mesma cidade também foi incluído. Os polimorfismos de nucleotídeos únicos TLR9 (SNPs) (−1237 C>T e +2848 G>A) foram identificados pela análise de sequenciamento. A frequência do genótipo genético TLR9 foi semelhante tanto em pacientes com LES quanto no grupo controle. Em toda a população de LES, foi encontrada associação entre a homozigose do alelo C na posição −1237 com psicose e anemia (p < 0,01). Da mesma forma, a homozigose do alelo G na posição +2848 foi associada a uma erupção cutânea discoide (p < 0,05). Não houve associação entre polimorfismos JA e TLR9. Esses dados mostram que os polimorfismos TLR9 não parecem ser um fator predisponível para o LES na população brasileira, e que os SNPs não estão associados ao JA.

A 12-month Follow-Up Study of Pulp Oxygen Saturation in Deciduous Molars After Selective and Nonselective Carious-Tissue Removal: A Randomized Pilot Trial

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the pulp vitality of deciduous molars before and after selective caries removal (SCR) or nonselective caries removal to hard dentin (NSCR) over one year, using oxygen saturation percentage (%SaO2). Material and Methods: Deciduous molars with deep occlusal/proximal-occlusal caries lesions were randomized to SCR (n=22) or NSCR groups (n=22). After the caries removal, the teeth were protected with calcium hydroxide cement and restored with composite resin (Filtek Z250). The pulp condition diagnosis was evaluated at baseline, immediately after caries removal, and follow-up (7 days, 1-, 6- and 12-months) by %SaO2. Pulp exposure and pulp necrosis were primary outcomes, and %SaO2 was secondary. Results: Intraoperative pulp exposure occurred in four teeth of the NSCR group (18.2%) and one tooth of the SCR group (4.5%) (p>0.05). Two cases of pulp necrosis occurred in the NSCR group (10%). No difference in %SaO2 pulp was observed in the inter-and intragroup comparison over time (p>0.05). Conclusion: Advantageously, the %SaO2 minimizes preoperatory pulp vitality diagnosis subjectivity before SCR/ NSCR treatments. Furthermore, the pilot study results suggest the pulp response of deciduous molars, when evaluated by clinical, radiographic, and pulp %SaO2 seems not to differ between teeth treated with SCR or NSCR.

Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the "Child Drawing: Hospital" (CD:H) Scale for Paediatric Dentistry in Brazil

Abstract Objective: To translate and perform the cross-cultural adaption of the CD:H scale for use in Paediatric Dentistry in Brazilian Portuguese language. Material and Methods: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the CD: H was carried out in four stages: 1) translation of the instrument; 2) reverse translation (back translation); 3) cross-cultural adaptation, and 4) face validation. Face validation consisted of the evaluation of 30 subjects from the target population. A pilot study was conducted with 15 children aged 5-10 years treated at a university dental clinic and their drawings were analysed by two dentists. Data were analysed using Stata 12.0. Results: In the face validation, most items were understood; however, some words were changed, and terms were included to identify the dental environment. Good reproducibility was obtained: inter-examiner reliability was 0.9647 and intra-examiner reliability was 0.9619 for examiner A and 0.8260 for examiner B. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the CD:H scale is a useful tool for dentists, helping identify children's emotions and being enjoyable for them.

Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDHA) y trastornos del estado del ánimo en estudiantes de medicina humana peruanos: una prueba piloto a nivel nacional / Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and mood disorders in Peruvian human medicine students: a nationwide pilot test

Introducción: el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad, también conocido por sus siglas TDAH, es considerado como un trastorno del neurodesarrollo. Diversos estudios reportan que la persistencia de los síntomas durante la adultez se da en el 50-70% de niños con TDAH. Respecto del área académica, la literatura menciona que esta patología en la población universitaria oscila entre un 10 a 25% de estudiantes, en particular los de Medicina Humana. Materiales y métodos: estudio piloto con diseño Cross-sectional, para explorar las variables mencionadas en los estudiantes de todo el territorio peruano se agruparon los departamentos en cinco macro regiones, se utilizaron los cuestionarios ASRS V1.1 y DASS-21. Resultados: se contó muestra total de 250 participantes para la prueba piloto (50 por cada macro región), respecto del TDAH, 33,6% presentó resultados sugestivos. La prevalencia de trastornos del estado anímico fue del 81,6%, dentro de ellos la ansiedad fue más prevalente (70,4%), seguido por la depresión (62,8%) y el estrés (57,6%). Se encontró asociación entre el TDAH y los siguientes: trastorno anímico (PR=1,3 IC(95%) ), depresión (PR=1,51 IC(95%) ), ansiedad (PR=1,47 IC(95%) ) y estrés (PR=1,87 IC(95%) ). Conclusiones: el presente estudio piloto nos ha permitido probar satisfactoriamente el desempeño del instrumento y la técnica propuesta por el diseño metodológico en el estudio primario, confirmado con la obtención de cifras estimadas coherentes con lo descrito por la literatura, y confirmando la asociación entre las variables de interés.

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known by its acronym ADHD, is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder. Several studies report that the persistence of symptoms during adulthood occurs in 50-70% of children with ADHD. Regarding the academic area, the literature mentions that this pathology in the university population ranges from 10 to 25% of students, in particular those of human medicine. Materials and methods: pilot study with Cross-sectional design, to explore the variables mentioned in students from all over the Peruvian territory, the departments were grouped into 5 macro regions, the ASRS V1.1 and DASS-21 questionnaires were used. Results: a total sample of 250 participants was counted for the pilot test (50 for each macro region), regarding ADHD, 33.6% presented suggestive results. The prevalence of mood disorders was 81.6%, among them, anxiety was more prevalent (70.4%), followed by depression (62.8%) and stress (57.6%). An association was found between ADHD and the following: Mood disorder (PR=1.3 CI (95%) ). Depression (PR=1.51 CI (95%) ). Anxiety (PR=1.47 CI (95%) ). and Stress (PR=1.87 CI (95%) ). Conclusions: the present pilot study has allowed us to satisfactorily test the performance of the instrument and the technique proposed by the methodological design in the primary study, confirmed by obtaining estimated figures consistent with what is described in the literature, and confirming the association between the variables of interest.

Parental practices under the perspective of incarcerated fathers / Práticas parentais na percepção de pais encarcerados / Prácticas parentales en la percepción de los padres encarcelados

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the perception of parenting practices before and during the incarceration of men deprived of liberty. Fifty-seven men aged between 22 and 61 years (M = 36.16; SD = 8.44) participated in the study, with family income of one to two minimum wages (31.6%), did not complete elementary school (54.4%), were married (73.7%), and had two or more children (73.7%) aged 4 to 16 years. They answered socio-demographic questions and the Parenting Practices Inventory (PPI) for conditions in liberty and in prison. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, mean comparison tests and Pearson correlation. Regarding their condition of imprisonment, there was a significant reduction in scores of parental practices of "Discipline", "Education" and "Social", but not in "Affection". The scores for "Discipline" for conditions in liberty and in prison showed a strong correlation. The implications of these results are discussed, limitations and future directions are also indicated. (AU)

Este estudo buscou avaliar e comparar a percepção das práticas parentais antes e durante o encarceramento por homens privados de liberdade. Participaram do estudo 57 homens com idades entre 22 e 61 anos (M = 36,16; DP = 8,44), com renda familiar de um a dois salários mínimos (31,6%), ensino fundamental incompleto (54,4%), casados (73,7%) e com dois ou mais filhas/os (78,9%) com idades de 4 a 16 anos. Eles responderam a questões sociodemográficas e ao Inventário de Práticas Parentais (IPP) para as condições em liberdade e em situação de prisão. Realizaram-se análises descritivas, testes de comparação de médias e correlação de Pearson. A situação de prisão representou uma diminuição significativa em práticas parentais de "Disciplina", "Educação" e "Social", mas não em "Afeto". As pontuações em "Disciplina" para as condições em liberdade e em prisão apresentaram forte correlação. São discutidas as implicações desses resultados, bem como apresentadas limitações e direcionamentos futuros. (AU)

El presente estudio buscó evaluar y comparar la percepción de las prácticas parentales antes y durante el encarcelamiento de hombres privados de libertad. Participaron 57 hombres de entre 22 y 61 años (M = 36,16; DS = 8,44), con ingresos familiares de uno o dos salarios mínimos (31,6%), educación primaria incompleta (54,4 %), casados (73,7%) y con dos o más niños (78,9%) con edades entre 4 a 16 años. Los participantes respondieron preguntas sociodemográficas y el Inventario de Prácticas Parentales (IPP) sobre sus condiciones de paternidad en libertad y en prisión. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, pruebas de comparación de medias y correlación de Pearson. La situación carcelaria representó una disminución significativa en las puntuaciones de las prácticas parentales de "Disciplina", "Educación" y "Social", pero no en "Afectividad". Los escores en el factor "Disciplina" para las condiciones en libertad y en prisión mostraron una fuerte correlación. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados, así como también se presentan las limitaciones y direcciones futuras. (AU)

Factors associated with condom use behaviour among young university students / Fatores associados ao uso de camisinha entre jovens universitários / Factores asociados con el uso del condom entre jóvenes universitarios

As the rates of sexually transmitted infections among Brazilian youth rise, college students present with low rates of condom use. Understanding which factors affect preventive behaviours may assist in promoting them. This study aimed to test the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a model of condom use behaviour among young university students. Data on sexual behaviour, TPB, and personality variables were collected online with 343 sexually active students aged between 18 and 29. Seventy participants also provided follow-up data after 30 days. Structural equation models and ordinal regressions were used to analyse the effects of TPB variables on condom use behaviour. Attitude was the main predictor of behavioural intention in the cross-sectional and longitudinal models. Being in a relationship and lower age at sexual debut were also associated with less frequent condom use behaviour in the cross-sectional analysis. Behavioural intention and perceived control were associated with condom use behaviour. (AU)

Enquanto a incidência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis cresce entre jovens brasileiros, universitários apresentam pouco uso de preservativos. Compreender quais fatores afetam a adoção de comportamentos preventivos pode auxiliar na sua promoção. Esse estudo testou a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP) como modelo de uso de camisinha entre jovens universitários. Foram coletados dados sobre comportamento sexual, TCP, e personalidade em questionário online com 343 estudantes sexualmente ativos entre 18 e 29 anos de idade. Setenta participantes também responderam ao follow-up após 30 dias. Modelos de equações estruturais e regressões ordinais foram usados para analisar os efeitos das variáveis da TCP no uso de preservativo. Atitude foi o principal preditor da intenção comportamental nos modelos transversal e longitudinal. Estar em um relacionamento e menor idade na primeira relação sexual também foram associados a uso menos frequente de preservativo na análise transversal. Intenção comportamental e controle percebido foram associados com uso de preservativo. (AU)

Mientras la incidencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual aumenta entre los jóvenes brasileños, los estudiantes universitarios reportan poco uso de preservativos. Comprender qué factores inciden en la adopción de conductas preventivas puede ayudar en su promoción. Este estudio probó la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado (TCP) como modelo de uso de preservativos entre jóvenes universitarios. Los datos sobre comportamiento sexual, TCP y personalidad fueron recopilados en un cuestionario en línea con 343 estudiantes sexualmente activos entre 18 y 29 años. Setenta participantes también respondieron al seguimiento después de 30 días. Se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales y regresiones ordinales para analizar los efectos de las variables de TCP sobre la utilización del condón. La actitud fue el principal predictor de la intención en los modelos transversal y longitudinal. Estar en una relación y una edad más temprana en la primera relación sexual se asociaron con el uso menos frecuente de preservativo en el análisis transversal. La intención conductual y el control percibido se asociaron con el uso de condones. (AU)

Challenges in developmental psychology research during the COVID-19 pandemic / Desafios da pesquisa em psicologia do desenvolvimento durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Desafíos de la investigación en psicología del desarrollo durante la pandemia de COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic brought a series of restructurings necessary for research in Developmental Psychology. The aim of the manuscript is to discuss adaptations we made in our research in this context during the COVID-19 pandemic and to present strategies to adequate research protocols originally designed to occur in person. Although some contexts do not allow the continuity of studies, research at this time can bring essential contributions in this extreme period. This article explores the strategies for adapting recruitment procedures, suggesting dissemination platforms, and using social networks for this purpose. Guidelines are suggested for conducting non-face-to-face interviews with caregivers, ways of assessing the interaction of the mother-child pairs, and problematizing ethical issues. The procedures for returning the results, an ethical researcher commitment, may be improved by resources such as automatic reports. Besides, strategies for better dissemination of the results for the participants are suggested. (AU)

A pandemia COVID-19 trouxe uma série de reestruturações necessárias à pesquisa em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as adaptações que realizamos em pesquisas neste contexto durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e apresentar estratégias para adequação de protocolos de pesquisa originalmente planejados para ocorrer de forma presencial. Embora alguns contextos não permitam a continuidade dos estudos, pesquisas nesse momento podem trazer importantes contribuições sobre este período ímpar. No presente artigo são exploradas estratégias de adaptação dos procedimentos de recrutamento, sugeridas plataformas de divulgação e como melhor usar as redes sociais para esse fim. Também são descritos procedimentos para realização de entrevistas não presenciais com responsáveis, formas de avaliação da interação das duplas mãe-criança e problematizadas questões éticas. Os procedimentos de devolução dos resultados, um compromisso ético dos pesquisadores, podem ser facilitados por recursos como relatórios automáticos. Além disso, sugerimos estratégias para melhor divulgação dos resultados ao público participante. (AU)

La pandemia del COVID-19 trajo una serie de reestructuraciones necesarias para la investigación en Psicología del Desarrollo. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir las adaptaciones realizadas en las investigaciones en este contexto durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y presentar algunas estrategias para la adaptación de los protocolos de investigación originalmente planeados para ser presenciales. Si bien algunos contextos no permitan la continuidad de los estudios, la investigación en este momento puede aportar importantes avances sobre estos tiempos de crisis. Este artículo explora las estrategias para adaptar los procedimientos de contratación, sugiriendo algunas plataformas de difusión y la mejor manera de utilizar las redes sociales para este fin. También se describen los procedimientos para la realización de entrevistas no presenciales con padres o tutores legales, las formas de evaluar la interacción madre-hijo y las cuestiones éticas. Los procedimientos para la devolución de los resultados, un compromiso ético de los investigadores, pueden verse facilitados por funciones como informes automáticos. Además, se recomienda estrategias para una mejor difusión de los resultados al público participante. (AU)

Cheating Motivation Scale: evidence of validity and reliability / Escala de Motivação para Trapacear: evidências de validade e confiabilidade / Escala de Motivación para Engañar: evidencias de validez y fiabilidad

This study aimed to adapt the Motivation to Cheat Scale (MCS) to the Brazilian student context, gathering evidence of validity based on its internal structure. Two studies were carried out. In Study 1, the 20 items of the MCS were translated into Portuguese and evaluated semantically by ten students, who consider them sufficiently understandable. Subsequently, seeking to know the internal structure of the measure, there was the participation of 212 high school students (M = 16.10 years; SD = 1.02). An exploratory factor analysis indicated the existence of two factors (search for success and moral initiation), which were saturated 18 items. O Study 2 aimed to verify this factorial structure. Logo, the 18 items answered by 229 high school students (M = 16.20 years; SD = 1.23). A confirmatory factorial analysis confirmed bifactorial adjustment. MCS has evidence of validity based on internal structure, which can be used in research outside of Brazil. (AU)

Objetivou-se adaptar a Escala de Motivação para Trapacear (EMT) para o contexto estudantil brasileiro, reunindo evidências de validade baseadas em sua estrutura interna. Realizaram-se dois estudos. No Estudo 1, os 20 itens da EMT foram traduzidos para o português e submetidos à avaliação semântica de dez estudantes, que os consideraram suficientemente compreensíveis. Posteriormente, buscando-se conhecer a estrutura interna da medida, contou-se com a participação de 212 estudantes do Ensino Médio (M = 16,10 anos; DP = 1,02). Uma análise fatorial exploratória indicou a existência de dois fatores (busca de realização e inibição moral), nos quais saturaram 18 itens. O Estudo 2 visou comprovar essa estrutura fatorial. Logo, os 18 itens foram respondidos por 229 estudantes do Ensino Médio (M = 16,20 anos; DP = 1,23). Uma análise fatorial confirmatória comprovou o ajuste bifatorial. A EMT apresentou evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna, podendo ser utilizada em pesquisas no Brasil. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adecuar la Escala de Motivación para Engañar (EME) al contexto estudiantil brasileño, recogiendo evidencias de validez a partir de su estructura interna. Se realizaron dos estudios. En el Estudio 1, los 20 ítems de la EME fueron traducidos al portugués y sometidos a la evaluación semántica por parte de diez estudiantes, quienes los consideraron suficientemente comprensibles. Posteriormente, buscando comprender la estructura interna de la medida, participaron 212 estudiantes de la Educación Secundaria (M = 16,10 años; DS = 1,02). Un análisis factorial exploratorio indicó la existencia de dos factores (búsqueda de realización e inhibición moral), en los que se saturaron 18 ítems. El Estudio 2 tuvo como objetivo verificar esta estructura factorial. Por lo que, los 18 ítems fueron respondidos por 229 estudiantes de Secundaria (M = 16,20 años; DS = 1,23). Un análisis factorial confirmatorio demostró la adecuación bifactorial. La EME ha revelado evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna, pudiendo ser utilizada en investigaciones brasileñas. (AU)

Escala de Identidade Acadêmica e Atlética (AAIS-Br): adaptação e evidências de validade / Academic and Athletic Identity Scale (AAIS-Br): adaptation and evidence of validity / Escala de Identidad Académica y Deportiva (AAIS-Br): adaptación y evidencias de validez

Este estudo objetivou adaptar e apresentar evidências de validade de construto, convergente e discriminante da Academic and Athletic Identity Scale para o contexto brasileiro. Participaram da pesquisa 303 estudantes universitários brasileiros (M =23,33 anos, DP = 4,605). A amostra respondeu a um questionário sociodemográfico, Escala de Identidade Acadêmica e Atlética, Escala de Identidade Profissional e Escala Flourishing. A análise fatorial confirmatória evidenciou que a versão brasileira da AAIS reproduziu integralmente a estrutura original do instrumento. As dimensões identidade acadêmica e identidade atlética apresentaram correlação significativa entre si (r = 0,205, p<0,001). A dimensão identidade acadêmica apresentou correlação significativa com identidade profissional (r = 0,354, p<0,001) e flourishing (r = 0,269, p<0,001), enquanto a identidade atlética não apresentou correlação significativa com a identidade profissional e flourishing. Os resultados evidenciaram propriedades psicométricas da AAIS-Br que recomendam seu uso em investigações destinadas a avaliar o grau da identificação com os papéis acadêmico e atlético de estudantes universitários brasileiros que praticam esportes. (AU)

This study aimed to adapt and present evidence of construct, convergent, and discriminant validity of the Academic and Athletic Identity Scale for the Brazilian context. A total of 303 Brazilian university students participated in the research (M=23.33 years, SD=4.60). The sample completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Academic and Athletic Identity Scale, the Professional Identity Scale, and the Flourishing Scale. Confirmatory factorial analysis showed the Brazilian version of the AAIS fully reproduced the original structure of the instrument. The dimensions academic identity and athletic identity showed a significant correlation between them (r=0.205, p<0.001). The academic identity dimension also showed significant correlation with professional identity (r=0.354, p<0.001) and flourishing (r=0.269, p<0.001), while athletic identity did not show any significant correlation with professional identity and flourishing. The results showed that the psychometric properties of the AAIS-Br recommend its use in investigations to evaluate the degree of identification with academic and athletic roles in Brazilian university student-athletes. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar y presentar evidencias de validez de constructo, convergente y discriminante de la Academic and Athletic Identity Scale para el contexto brasileño. Participaron de la investigación 303 estudiantes universitarios brasileños (M=23,33 años, DS=4,605). La muestra respondió a un cuestionario sociodemográfico, a la Escala de Identidad Académica y Deportiva, a la Escala de Identidad Profesional y a la Escala Flourishing. El análisis factorial confirmatorio evidenció que la versión brasileña de AAIS reproducía completamente la estructura original del instrumento. Las dimensiones de identidad académica y deportiva presentaron una correlación significativa entre ellas (r=0,205, p<0,001). La dimensión identidad académica presentó correlación significativa con identidad profesional (r=0,354, p<0,001) y flourishing (r=0,269, p<0.001), mientras que la identidad deportiva no presentó ninguna correlación significativa con la identidad profesional y flourishing. Los resultados mostraron propiedades psicométricas de AAIS-Br que recomiendan su uso en investigaciones destinadas a evaluar el grado de identificación con roles académicos y deportivos en universitarios brasileños que practican deportes. (AU)

Estudio piloto sobre el efecto de la telerehabilitación en la calidad de vida de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo / Pilot study on the effect of telerehabilitation in quality of life among elderly people with cognitive impairment

Introducción: Los procesos de atención a personas mayores han presentado cambios debido al confinamiento sanitario causado por el COVID-19, por esta razón la telerehabilitación se impulsa como una estrategia para continuar los procesos de rehabilitación cognitiva a personas mayores. Objetivo: evaluar la percepción de la calidad de vida de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo que se encuentran en telerehabilitación, comparado con la calidad de vida de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo sin telerehabilitación. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo para identificar los cambios en la calidad de vida de personas mayores con procesos de telerehabilitación. Se emplearon los instrumentos Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease y la escala GENCAT. Resultados: el estudio descriptivo mostró cambios favorables en la calidad de vida de las personas mayores que estuvieron en el proceso de telerehabilitación, mientras que el grupo control presentó cambios negativos. Conclusiones: este estudio permite evidenciar los cambios en la calidad de vida de personas mayores con deterioro cognitivo que participa en un proceso de telerehabilitación durante el confinamiento sanitario. Estos cambios favorables se presentaron en las dimensiones de bienestar emocional, bienestar material, inclusión social y derechos.

Introduction: the processes of care for elderly have presented changes, due to the sanitary confinement caused by COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, telerehabilitation is promoted as a strategy to continue the processes of cognitive rehabilitation for the elderly. Aim: To evaluate quality of life perceptions among older people with cognitive impairment, who received telerehabilitation, compared with quality of life of older people with cognitive impairment without Telerehabilitation. Method: a descriptive study to identify changes in quality of life of older people receiving tele-rehabilitation processes. Assessment instruments used were: Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease and the GENCAT scale. Results: this descriptive study showed favorable changes in quality of life of the elderly who were in the telerehabilitation process, while the control group presented negative changes. Conclusions: this study offers evidence on the changes in the quality of life for elderly people with cognitive impairment who participate in a telerehabilitation process during sanitary confinement. These favorable changes occurred in the dimensions of emotional well-being, material well-being, social inclusion and rights.

Estudio piloto: contacto padre-hijo(a) y oxitocina en varones preparados especialmente para el nacimiento / Pilot study: father-child contact and oxytocin in males with a special education for childbirth

INTRODUCCÍON: Los padres se han involucrado cada vez más en el embarazo y el nacimiento de sus hijos, pero aún se requieren intervenciones paternas que permitan reubicar al padre en su rol de corresponsabilidad en la crianza. OBJETIVO: Observar el comportamiento-actitud paterna hacia el/la hijo(a) y la cantidad de oxitocina (OT) secretada en el nacimiento, en padres preparados de un modo especial para el parto. Método: Estudio piloto de 8 meses, parte de una investigación mayor cuali-cuantitativa de dos fases. La fase cualitativa inicial desarrolló una intervención preparatoria de padres para el nacimiento, con énfasis en la vinculación padre-hijo(a). La fase cuantitativa correspondió al piloto de la intervención paterna antenatal. RESULTADOS: Los padres presenciaron activamente el momento del expulsivo y el encuentro madre-hijo(a). Posteriormente, todos optaron por el contacto físico piel-piel con su hijo(a). La OT paterna experimentó un aumento (no significativo) durante el contacto padre-hijo(a) en comparación con la OT basal (momento inmediato al nacimiento). CONCLUSIONES: Padres preparados, sensibilizados y vinculados con su hijo(a) desde el embarazo experimentarían variaciones de la cantidad de OT cuando realizan contacto piel-piel con su hijo(a) en el nacimiento. Se requiere investigación experimental con una muestra mayor de participantes para concluir de manera categórica.

INTRODUCTION: Fathers have been increasingly involved in the pregnancy and birth of their children, but paternal interventions are still required to relocate the father in his role of co-responsibility in parenting. OBJECTIVE: To observe the paternal behavior-attitude towards the child and the amount of oxytocin (OT) secreted at birth in parents prepared (in a special way) for childbirth. METHOD: Pilot study of 8 months, part of a larger qualitative-quantitative research of two phases. The initial qualitative phase developed a male preparatory intervention for the birth, with emphasis on the father-child bonding. The quantitative phase corresponded to the pilot of the antenatal paternal intervention. RESULTS: Fathers actively witnessed the moment of delivery and the mother-child attachment. Subsequently, all of them opted for physical skin-to-skin contact with their child. Paternal OT experienced a (non-significant) increase during father-child contact, compared to baseline OT (immediately after birth). CONCLUSIONS: Males prepared, sensitized and involved with their child since pregnancy would experience variations in the amount of OT when they make father-child skin-to-skin contact at childbirth. Experimental research with a larger sample of participants is required to categorically reach a conclusion.

Association between winter season and desmopressin treatment efficiency in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of our study was to assess the association between the winter season and desmopressin treatment failure in South Chinese children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis who have visited our urology clinic from January to December 2019. All patients received desmopressin treatment. Final treatment outcomes were categorized as successful (complete response) or failed (absent and partial response). The relationship between winter season and treatment response to desmopressin was evaluated. Additionally, associated risk factors were investigated with both univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: In total, 393 patients diagnosed with MNE were included in the present study. There were no statistically significant differences in pretreatment variables at first visit between patients who visited the clinic in winter and those who did so in other seasons. However, the treatment failure rate of MNE in the winter season was higher than that of other seasons (77.50% vs. 52.74%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the severity of symptoms and an initial clinic visit in the winter season were significantly related to desmopressin treatment failure in MNE patients. Conclusion: Winter season and severity of symptoms are two risk factors associated with desmopressin treatment failure in MNE patients.

Estudio piloto de los factores de riesgo en la preeclampsia / Pilot study of risk factors in pre-eclampsia

La preeclampsia es una patología que surge de forma desconocida comprometiendo el estado de salud del binomio materno ­ neonatal, provocando daño multiorgánico. La característica principal es la relación con múltiples factores de riesgo tales como la hipertensión en familiares de primer grado, obesidad, alimentación, falta de controles obstétricos durante la gestación, entre otros; Objetivo: Validar el cuestionario diseñado para evaluar los factores que influyen en preclamsia, Determinar los factores de riesgo que influyen en su incidencia. Materiales y métodos: Se aplico una metodología cuanti cualitativa, corte transversal, exploratorio; la validación se efectuó a través del juicio de expertos, utilizando dos tipos de instrumentos uno para cada tipo de investigación, se valoran por separado, en el plan piloto se utiliza parte de la muestra seleccionada para la investigación macro. En el caso de la cualitativa se utiliza una técnica de entrevista a saturación, con una investigación de tipo fenomenológica, organizada por categorías. Resultados: El instrumento cuantitativo obtiene un puntaje 93% de confiabilidad, con un alfa de crombach de 0,7, el instrumento cualitativo 95%, dentro de los factores de riesgo se distingue los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, se asocia con un espectro de gravedad que va desde la hipertensión leve inducida por el embarazo hasta la eclampsia. Conclusión: Durante el estudio piloto se obtiene los datos con rapidez y efectividad, no existen conflictos en su comprensión, su confiabilidad garantiza el trabajo científico, la validación de instrumentos justifica el proceso, de inicio resultó conflictivo por la ausencia de instrumentos para medir los factores que influyen en esta patología, se encuentran los valores causales y en especial en las vivencias de cada uno de los actores e involucrados, La preeclampsia es un fenómeno frecuente cuya patología conlleva graves complicaciones para la madre y el feto con este tipos de estudio se aporta a su control y erradicación(AU)

Preeclampsia is a pathology that arises in an unknown way, compromising the health status of the maternal-neonatal binomial, causing multi-organ damage. The main characteristic is the relationship with multiple risk factors such as hypertension in first degree relatives, obesity, diet, lack of obstetric controls during pregnancy, among others; Objective: to validate the questionnaire designed to evaluate the factors that influence preeclampsia, to determine the risk factors that influence its incidence. Materials and methods: A quantitative, qualitative, cross-sectional, exploratory methodology was applied; The validation was carried out through the judgment of experts, using two types of instruments, one for each type of research, they are valued separately, in the pilot plan part of the selected sample is used for the macro research. In the case of qualitative, a saturation interview technique is used, with a phenomenological type investigation, organized by categories. Results: The quantitative instrument obtains a 93% reliability score, with a crombach alpha of 0.7, the qualitative instrument 95%, within the risk factors distinguishes hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, it is associated with a spectrum of severity ranging from mild pregnancy-induced hypertension to eclampsia. Conclusion: During the pilot study the data is obtained quickly and effectively, there are no conflicts in its understanding, its reliability guarantees scientific work, the validation of instruments justifies the process, initially it was conflictive due to the absence of instruments to measure the factors that influence this pathology, are the causal values ​​and especially in the experiences of each of the actors and involved, Preeclampsia is a frequent phenomenon whose pathology entails serious complications for the mother and the fetus with this type of study is provided to its control and eradication(AU)

Implementation of a Telecardiology Service in a Health Unit in the City of Porto Alegre, Brazil: A Pilot Study

Abstract Background: The implementation of Telecardiology in primary care in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, is a viable and promising strategy. It would decrease the distance between patient and specialized professional services by reducing unnecessary referrals and improving the quality of primary care and satisfaction of patients and health professionals. Objective: To implement a Telecardiology service and assess user satisfaction using the CARDIOSATIS scale. Methods: This was a pilot study developed by a partnership between the Institute of Cardiology and the Telehealth Center of Rio Grande do Sul. The study was carried out at Eri Flores-Vila Vargas health center in the city of Porto Alegre, from May to October 2019, and included 21 patients attending the health center. The descriptive analysis of data was performed using the SPSS program (Statistical Package for the Sciences) version 23. Data normality was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistical significance was set at 10%. Results: Mean age of participants was 43.8 ± 16.1 years. The most common risk factors in the sample were physical inactivity (81%) and smoking (43%). Most patients had normal electrocardiogram (ECG) readings. The time elapsed from the performance of the ECG test, transmission of the ECG traces to Telehealth, and return of the final ECG report to the health center was 0-7 days. The CARDIOSATIS scale revealed a high prevalence of "very satisfied" users for the general satisfaction domain, and only 14.3% of patients were dissatisfied with their health. Conclusions: Telecardiology reduced the distance between patient and the specialized professional, with a high level of patient and health professional satisfaction. Our study can serve as a basis for the implementation of a telecardiology network in the city of Porto Alegre in the future.