Up-regulation of GINS1 highlighted a good diagnostic and prognostic potential of survival in three different subtypes of human cancer / A regulação positiva de GINS1 destacou um bom potencial diagnóstico e prognóstico de sobrevivência em três subtipos diferentes de câncer humano

Abstract Cancer is a fatal malignancy and its increasing worldwide prevalence demands the discovery of more sensitive and reliable molecular biomarkers. To investigate the GINS1 expression level and its prognostic value in distinct human cancers using a series of multi-layered in silico approach may help to establish it as a potential shared diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of different cancer subtypes. The GINS1 mRNA, protein expression, and promoter methylation were analyzed using UALCAN and Human Protein Atlas (HPA), while mRNA expression was further validated via GENT2. The potential prognostic values of GINS1 were evaluated through KM plotter. Then, cBioPortal was utilized to examine the GINS1-related genetic mutations and copy number variations (CNVs), while pathway enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID. Moreover, a correlational analysis between GINS1 expression and CD8+ T immune cells and a the construction of gene-drug interaction network was performed using TIMER, CDT, and Cytoscape. The GINS1 was found down-regulated in a single subtypes of human cancer while commonly up-regulated in 23 different other subtypes. The up-regulation of GINS1 was significantly correlated with the poor overall survival (OS) of Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC), Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). The GINS1 was also found up-regulated in LIHC, LUAD, and KIRC patients of different clinicopathological features. Pathways enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of GINS1 in two diverse pathways, while few interesting correlations were also documented between GINS1 expression and its promoter methylation level, CD8+ T immune cells level, and CNVs. Moreover, we also predicted few drugs that could be used in the treatment of LIHC, LUAD, and KIRC by regulating the GINS1 expression. The expression profiling of GINS1 in the current study has suggested it a novel shared diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of LIHC, LUAD, and KIRC.

Resumo O câncer é uma doença maligna fatal e sua crescente prevalência mundial exige a descoberta de biomarcadores moleculares mais sensíveis e confiáveis. Investigar o nível de expressão de GINS1 e seu valor prognóstico em cânceres humanos distintos, usando uma série de abordagens in silico em várias camadas, pode ajudar a estabelecê-lo como um potencial biomarcador de diagnóstico e prognóstico compartilhado de diferentes subtipos de câncer. O mRNA de GINS1, a expressão da proteína e a metilação do promotor foram analisados ​​usando UALCAN e Human Protein Atlas (HPA), enquanto a expressão de mRNA foi posteriormente validada via GENT2. Os valores prognósticos potenciais de GINS1 foram avaliados por meio do plotter KM. Em seguida, o cBioPortal foi utilizado para examinar as mutações genéticas relacionadas ao GINS1 e as variações do número de cópias (CNVs), enquanto a análise de enriquecimento da via foi realizada usando DAVID. Além disso, uma análise correlacional entre a expressão de GINS1 e células imunes T CD8 + e a construção de uma rede de interação gene-droga foi realizada usando TIMER, CDT e Cytoscape. O GINS1 foi encontrado regulado negativamente em um único subtipo de câncer humano, enquanto comumente regulado positivamente em 23 outros subtipos diferentes. A regulação positiva de GINS1 foi significativamente correlacionada com a sobrevida global pobre (OS) de Carcinoma Hepatocelular de Fígado (LIHC), Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão (LUAD) e Carcinoma de Células Claras Renais de Rim (KIRC). O GINS1 também foi encontrado regulado positivamente em pacientes LIHC, LUAD e KIRC de diferentes características clínico-patológicas. A análise de enriquecimento de vias revelou o envolvimento de GINS1 em duas vias diversas, enquanto poucas correlações interessantes também foram documentadas entre a expressão de GINS1 e seu nível de metilação do promotor, nível de células imunes T CD8 + e CNVs. Além disso, também previmos poucos medicamentos que poderiam ser usados ​​no tratamento de LIHC, LUAD e KIRC, regulando a expressão de GINS1. O perfil de expressão de GINS1 no estudo atual sugeriu que é um novo biomarcador de diagnóstico e prognóstico compartilhado de LIHC, LUAD e KIRC.

Morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes llevados a gastrectomía por cáncer gástrico / Morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer

Introducción. El cáncer gástrico es la cuarta causa de muerte por cáncer a nivel mundial, con más de un millón de casos diagnosticados cada año. La cirugía con intención curativa sigue siendo el pilar del manejo para los pacientes resecables. La identificación de pacientes con mayor riesgo de morbimortalidad es importante para el proceso de toma de decisiones, sin existir hasta el momento una herramienta ideal. La revisión y el análisis de la experiencia de un centro oncológico de referencia pueden generar información útil. Métodos. Estudio observacional de cohorte histórica, en el que se incluyeron los pacientes llevados a gastrectomía por adenocarcinoma gástrico en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, entre el 1° de enero del 2010 y el 31 de diciembre del 2017. Resultados. Se evaluaron 332 pacientes, de los cuales el 57,2 % eran hombres con edad promedio de 61 años. La mortalidad en esta serie fue del 4,5 % y la morbilidad de 34,9 %. El factor asociado con mayor riesgo de muerte fue la edad, con un HR de 1,05 (p=0,021). Se encontró un mayor riesgo en el grupo de pacientes con ASA mayor a II (p=0,009).El 17,4 % presentaron complicaciones mayores a IIIA de la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo. Conclusiones. En el presente trabajo las cifras de morbilidad y mortalidad son similares a las reportadas en la literatura. Solo la edad y la clasificación de ASA mostraron asociación con valor estadístico significativo para complicaciones postoperatorias

Introduction. Gastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide with more than one million cases diagnosed each year. Surgery with curative intent remains the mainstay of management for resectable patients. Identify patients at increased risk of morbidity and mortality is important for the decision making process, with no ideal tool available yet. Review and analysis of the experience of a referral cancer center may generate useful information. Methods. Historical cohort observational study. Patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma at the National Cancer Institute in Bogotá, Colombia, between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017 were included. Results. We included 332 patients of which 57.2% were men with mean age of 61 years. Mortality in this series was 4.5% and morbidity was 34.9%. The factor associated with higher risk of death was age with a HR of 1.05 statistically significant value (p=0.021). A higher risk was found in the group of patients with ASA greater than II (p=0.009). The 17.4% presented complications greater than IIIA of the Clavien Dindo classification. Conclusions. In this study morbidity and mortality seem similar to those reported in the literature. Only age and ASA score showed an association with significant statistical value for postoperative complications

Supervivencia a dos años en pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado en una institución de Popayán entre 2018 y 2020 / Two-year survival in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer at an institution in Popayán between 2018 and 2020

Introducción. El tratamiento oncológico perioperatorio en pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado está indicado; aun así, no siempre es posible. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la supervivencia de los pacientes según la administración de quimioterapia perioperatoria. Métodos. Estudio observacional, tipo cohorte ambispectivo, incluyendo pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado quienes recibieron o no quimioterapia perioperatoria. Resultados. Se incluyeron 33 pacientes, 90,9 % pertenecían al régimen subsidiado de salud y el 78,8 % en estadio T4. El grupo que recibió quimioterapia perioperatoria, que solo tuvo 5 pacientes (15,1 %), presentó mayor supervivencia global a 2 años (100 %), seguido del grupo de quimioterapia postoperatoria (58,8 %) y del grupo sin quimioterapia, que alcanzó una supervivencia global a 2 años de 54,5 %. Discusión. La supervivencia global fue mayor en el grupo de quimioterapia perioperatoria, consonante a lo descrito a nivel internacional, aunque los pacientes se encontraban en un estadío localmente más avanzado, la mayoría con T4 y N+ según AJCC VIII edición. Conclusiones. El estadío clínico es un factor pronóstico importante y, en nuestro medio, la mayoría de los pacientes consultan en estadíos localmente más avanzados. A eso se suman las dificultades en el acceso a la atención en salud. Aun así, la quimioterapia perioperatoria mostró una supervivencia mayor en pacientes con cáncer gástrico localmente avanzado

Introduction. Perioperative cancer treatment in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer is indicated; even so, it is not always possible. The objective was to evaluate survival according to time and receipt of perioperative chemotherapy. Methods. Observational study, ambispective cohort type, including patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received or did not receive perioperative chemotherapy. Results. Thirty-three patients were included, 90.9% belonged to the subsidized regimen and 78.8% with TNM T4. The perioperative chemotherapy group, which only had five patients (15.1%), had a higher overall survival at 2 years (100%), followed by the postoperative chemotherapy group and by the group without chemotherapy, with an overall survival at 2 years of 58.8% and 54.5%, respectively. Discussion. Overall survival was higher in the perioperative chemotherapy group, consistent with what has been described internationally, although the patients were in a more advanced stage, most being with T4 and N+ according to the AJCC VIII edition. Conclusions. The clinical stage is an important prognostic factor and in our environment, most patients consult in more advanced stages, coupled with difficulties in accessing health care. Even so, perioperative chemotherapy showed a longer survival in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, the data should not be extrapolated since the number of patients in each group is significantly different

Applicability of the acute leukemia (AL) - EBMT score as a prognostic model for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single-center, prospective, cohort study at a reference transplant center in Brazil

Abstract Introduction The Acute Leukemia-European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (AL-EBMT) risk score was recently developed and validated by Shouval et al. Objective To assess the ability of this score in predicting the 2-year overall survival (OS-2), leukemia-free survival (LFS-2) and transplant-related mortality (TRM) in acute leukemia (AL) adult patients undergoing a first allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) at a transplant center in Brazil. Methods In this prospective, cohort study, we used the formula published by Shouval et al. to calculate the AL-EBMT score and stratify patients into three risk categories. Results A total of 79 patients transplanted between 2008 and 2018 were analyzed. The median age was 38 years. Acute myeloid leukemia was the most common diagnosis (68%). Almost a quarter of the cases were at an advanced stage. All hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) were human leukocyte antigen-matched (HLA-matched) and the majority used familial donors (77%). Myeloablative conditioning was used in 92% of the cases. Stratification according to the AL-EBMT score into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups yielded the following results: 40%, 12% and 47% of the cases, respectively. The high scoring group was associated with a hazard ratio of 2.1 (p= 0.007), 2.1 (p= 0.009) and 2.47 (p= 0.01) for the 2-year OS, LFS and TRM, respectively. Conclusion This study supports the ability of the AL-EBMT score to reasonably predict the 2-year post-transplant OS, LFS and TRM and to discriminate between risk categories in adult patients with AL, thus confirming its usefulness in clinical decision-making in this setting. Larger, multicenter studies may further help confirm these findings.

TTYH3 is a prognostic biomarker and associates with immune cell infiltrations of lung adenocarcinoma / TTYH3 es un biomarcador pronóstico y se asocia con infiltraciones de células inmunitarias del adenocarcinoma de pulmón

SUMMARY: We investigated Tweety Family Member 3 (TTYH3) level in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its relationship with immune infiltration in tumors by bioinformatics. Differential expressions of TTYH3 in lung cancer were analyzed with Oncomine, TIMER, GEO, UALCAN and HPA. Relationship of TTYH3 mRNA/protein levels with clinical parameters was analyzed by UALCAN. Co-expressed genes of TTYH3 in LUAD were analyzed using Cbioportal. Its relationship with LUAD prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plotter. GO and KEGG analysis were performed. Correlation between TTYH3 and tumor immune infiltration were tested by TIMER, TISIDB and GEPIA. We found that TTYH3 was significantly increased in LUAD tissues. TTYH3 high expression was closely related to poor overall survival, post progression survival and first progression in LUAD patients. TTYH3 mRNA/protein levels were significantly associated with multiple pathways. Specifically, TTYH3 up-regulation was mostly related to biological regulation, metabolic process, protein blinding, extracellular matrix organization and pathways in cancer. Moreover, TTYH3 was positively associated with immune cell infiltration in LUAD. Finally, TTYH3 was highly expressed in LUAD as revealed by meta-analysis. TTYH3 is closely related to the prognosis of LUAD and immune cell infiltration, and it can be used as a prognostic biomarker for LUAD and immune infiltration.

Investigamos por bioinformática el nivel de Tweety Family Member 3 (TTYH3) con adenocarcinoma de pulmón (LUAD) y su relación con la infiltración inmune en tumores. Las expresiones diferenciales de TTYH3 en cáncer de pulmón se analizaron con Oncomine, TIMER, GEO, UALCAN y HPA. Con UALCAN se analizó la relación de los niveles de ARNm/proteína de TTYH3 con los parámetros clínicos. Los genes coexpresados de TTYH3 en LUAD se analizaron utilizando Cbioportal. Su relación con el pronóstico LUAD se analizó mediante plotter de Kaplan- Meier. Se realizaron análisis GO y KEGG. TIMER, TISIDB y GEPIA probaron la correlación entre TTYH3 y la infiltración inmune tumoral. Encontramos que TTYH3 aumentó significativamente en los tejidos LUAD. La alta expresión de TTYH3 estuvo estrechamente relacionada con una supervivencia general deficiente, supervivencia posterior a la progresión y primera progresión en pacientes con LUAD. Los niveles de ARNm/ proteína de TTYH3 se asociaron significativamente con múltiples vías. Específicamente, la regulación positiva de TTYH3 se relacionó principalmente con la regulación biológica, el proceso metabólico, el cegamiento de proteínas, la organización de la matriz extracelular y las vías en el cáncer. Además, TTYH3 se asoció positivamente con la infiltración de células inmunitarias en LUAD. Finalmente, TTYH3 se expresó altamente en LUAD como lo reveló el metanálisis. TTYH3 está estrechamente relacionado con el pronóstico de LUAD y la infiltración de células inmunitarias, y se puede utilizar como biomarcador pronóstico para LUAD y la infiltración de células inmunitarias.

Facteurs pronostiques des pneumopathies acquises sous ventilation mécanique en réanimation polyvalente du CHU d'Angre (RCI) / Prognostic factors for pneumopathy acquired under mechanical ventilation in multi-purpose resuscitation at the Angre CHU (RCI)

Objectifs : Identifier les facteurs de mauvais pronostic des pneumopathies acquises sous ventilation mécanique(PAVM) afin d'améliorer leur prise en charge.Patients et methode : Etude prospective, descriptive et analytique portant sur les patients admis en réanimation du CHU d'Angré du 1er novembre 2019 au 31 juillet 2021 et ayant présenté une PAVM.Resultats : Nous avons colligé 43 patients sur 625 admissions soit 6,88%. L'âge moyen était de 49,06 ans. Le sex ratio était de 0,38. Le principal motif d'admission était le coma avec 88,37%. L'HTA et le diabète étaient les principaux antécédents .Les PAVM précoces représentaient 53,49%. Le Klebsiella pneumoniae était le principal germe. Les patients intubés à l'admission représentaient 79,07%. La durée moyenne de ventilation était de 26,95 jours et la durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 30,8140 jours. Une antibiothérapie probabiliste a été réalisée chez 75,76% des patients. La mortalité était de 76,74%. Les facteurs de mortalité étaient une durée de ventilation mécanique supérieure à 15 jours et l'âge supérieur à 50 ans.Conclusion :La mortalité secondaire au PAVM demeure élevée. L'identification des deux facteurs pronostiques devrait améliorer la prise en charge ultérieure de tous nouveaux cas

Objectives: To identify the factors of poor prognosis of ventilator-associated lung disease (VAP) in order to improve their management. Patients and method: Prospective, descriptive and analytical study of patients admitted to intensive care at the Angré University Hospital from November 1, 2019 to July 31, 2021 and having presented VAP.Results: We collected 43 patients out of 625 admissions, i.e. 6.88%. The average age was 49.06 years. The sex ratio was 0.38. The main reason for admission was coma with 88.37%. Hypertension and diabetes were the main antecedents. Early VAP accounted for 53.49%. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the main germ. Patients intubated on admission accounted for 79.07%. The average duration of ventilation was 26.95 days and the average duration of hospitalization was 30.8140 days. Probabilistic antibiotic therapy was performed in 75.76% of patients. Mortality was 76.74%. The mortality factors were duration of mechanical ventilation greater than 15 days and age greater than 50 years.Conclusion:Secondary mortality from VAP remains high. The identification of the two prognostic factors should improve the subsequent management of all new cases.

Particularités du cancer du larynx chez le sujet jeune / Epidemiological and clinical predictive factors of success in septoplasty: Study of 250 patients

Discuter à travers une étude descriptive ainsi qu'une revue de la littérature, les particularités cliniques, démographiques et pronostiques des patients de moins de 45 ans, ayant un cancer du larynx. Materiels et Methodes: Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective descriptive portant sur des patients atteints d'un cancer du larynx, âgés de moins de 45 ans suivis dans le service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale du CHU Habib Bourguiba Sfax durant la période s'étendant de 1989 à 2018. Resultats: Nous avons trouvé 31 patients avec une prédominance masculine. Un cancer dans la famille a été trouvé dans 16,12% des cas sans corrélation statistique avec le stade avancé de la maladie. Une importante intoxication tabagique a été trouvée (96%). Trois patients avaient une laryngite chronique et un patient une papillomatose laryngée avec des lésions de dysplasie. Les motifs de consultation étaient dominés par la dysphonie (87%). La maladie a été classée en stades avancés dans 70% des cas. Le traitement chirurgical était préconisé chez 87% des patients et la préservation fonctionnelle chez 38,7%. Le taux de survie globale et sans maladie étaient respectivement, à un an de 96% et 84%, à 3 ans de 87% et 76%, et à 5 ans de 77% et 75% Conclusion: Notre travail n'a pas permis de retenir de différence en termes de données cliniques, de l'évolution de la maladie, de l'algorithme thérapeutique ni du pronostic entre les jeunes patients et les plus âgés

Pratique anesthésique pour adénomectomies hypophysaires par voie endonasale à Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire / Anesthesia for endonasal pituitary adenomectomies in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

L'objectif de l'étude est d'évaluer la pratique anesthésique au cours des adénomectomies hypophysaires par voie endo nasale à Abidjan. Méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective à visée analytique et descriptive, menée entre le 01 janvier 2010 et le 31 décembre 2020 et portant sur les patients admis au bloc opératoire pour une adénomectomie hypophysaire. Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, cliniques, anesthésiques, évolutives et pronostiques ont été étudiées. Résultats : Nous avons recensé 102 patients. L'âge moyen était de 44,72±12,14 ans. Le sex ratio était de 1. Le délai de diagnostic était d'un an pour 46% (n = 47) des patients. L'hypertension artérielle était l'antécédent le plus retrouvé. Les principaux motifs de consultation étaient les céphalées et les troubles de l'acuité visuelle. Le syndrome d'hypertension intracrânien a été observé chez 67,6% (n= 69) des patients. Tous les patients ont bénéficié d'une consultation pré anesthésique. Cinquante-huit pourcent (n=59) des patients ont été classés ASA I selon la société américaine d'anesthésie. L'anesthésie générale était le seul schéma anesthésique. La durée de l'anesthésie était de plus de trois heures chez 57% (n=58) des patients et le réveil sur table a concerné 88,2% (n=90) des patients. La mortalité était de 3,9%. La durée de l'anesthésie supérieure à 6 heures (p= 0,0012 ; OR= 55,8 [4,88-637,33]) et la perte sanguine supérieure à 1000 ml (p = 0,0228 ; OR=18,6 2,152- 160,747]) ont constitué des facteurs de mauvais pronostic (p<0,05). Conclusion: La réduction de la létalité au cours de l'anesthésie pour adénomes hypophysaires passe par la lutte contre les facteurs de mauvais pronostics

Acute kidney injury among hospitalised patients who died due to COVID-19 in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) commonly occurs in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who have been hospitalised and is associated with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to determine the incidence of AKI among COVID-19 patients who died in a regional hospital in South Africa. Methods: This retrospective record review was conducted at the Mthatha Regional Hospital in South Africa's Eastern Cape province. Data were collected between 10 July 2020 and 31 January 2021. Results: The incidence of AKI was 38% among the hospitalised patients who died due to COVID-19. Most study participants were female, with a mean age of 63.3 ± 16 years. The most common symptom of COVID-19 at the time of hospitalisation was shortness of breath, followed by fever and cough. Half of the patients had hypertension, while diabetes, human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) were other comorbidities. At admission, the average oxygen saturation was 75.5% ± 17. Conclusion: The study revealed a high incidence of AKI among hospitalised patients who died due to COVID-19. It also found that those received adequate crystalloid fluids at the time of admission had a lower incidence of AKI. Contribution: Acute kidney injury can be prevented by adequate fluid management during early stage of COVID-19. Majority of COVID-19 patients were referred from lower level of care and primary care providers have their first encounter with these patients. Adequate fluid resuscitation in primary care settings can improve the outcome of hospitalised COVID-19 patients.

Epidemiological and clinicopathological profile of endometrial cancer in Gabon

Introduction: L'objectif général de notre travail était d'apporter une description épidémiologique et clinicopathologique du cancer de l'endomètre au Gabon. Patients et méthode: Cette étude descriptive et rétrospective a été réalisée à l'Institut de Cancérologie de Libreville chez les patientes atteintes du cancer de l'endomètre sur une période de 7 années (de janvier 2012 à octobre 2018). Résultats: Cette étude a inclus 32 patientes et les résultats obtenus ontmontré que ce cancer au Gabon est plus fréquent chez la femme multipare, que histologiquement le type 1 est le plus souvent rencontré et que ce cancer est de haut grade de malignité. De ce travail ressort également la difficulté du suivi des patientes. Conclusion: Le cancer de l'endomètre étant un cancer souvent d'emblée de mauvais pronostic, il est d'intérêt de mettre en place une stratégie de prévention et de management adapté.Mots clés: cancer, endomètre, étude clinicopathologique, suivi, Gabon Abstract:Introduction:The general objective of our work was to provide an epidemiological and clinicopathological description of endometrial cancer in Gabon.

Introduction: The general objective of our work was to provide an epidemiological and clinicopathological description of endometrial cancer in Gabon. Epidemiological and clinicopathological profile of... Patients and method: This descriptive and retrospective study was carried out at Cancer Institute of Libreville in patients with endometrial cancer over a period of 7 years (from January 2012 to October 2018) . Results: This study included 32 patients and the results obtained showed that this cancer in Gabon is more frequent in multiparous women, that histologically type 1 is most often encountered and that this cancer is of high grade malignancy. This work also shows the difficulty of following up patients. Conclusion: As endometrial cancer is often a cancer with a poor prognosis , it is interest to put in place an appropriate prevention and management strategy.

Asistencia del recién nacido con hernia diafragmática congénita / Care of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia / Cuidados ao recém-nascido com hérnia diafragmática congênita

La hernia diafragmática congénita es un defecto en el diafragma que lleva a la herniación del contenido abdominal a la cavidad torácica durante el período intrauterino. La morbimortalidad está determinada por la asociación con otras malformaciones, el grado de hipoplasia pulmonar y la presencia de hipertensión pulmonar secundaria. Presenta una incidencia estimada de 1 cada 2.500-3.000 recién nacidos vivos, constituyendo en un 60% una malformación aislada. Es una patología evolutiva que puede ser diagnosticada a partir de la semana 20-24, la ubicación más habitual es la posterolateral izquierda. Se trata de una patología que requiere ingreso a cuidados intensivos al nacimiento y luego de lograda la estabilización del paciente es de sanción quirúrgica. Los objetivos de este trabajo son conocer las características generales de la patología para sistematizar el manejo logrando así un óptimo asesoramiento de los padres a nivel prenatal y seguimiento postnatal del recién nacido.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a defect in the diaphragm that leads to herniation of theabdominal contents of the thoracic cavity during the intrauterine period. Morbidity and mortality are determined by the association with other malformations, the degree ofpulmonary hypoplasia and the presence of secondary pulmonary hypertension.It has an estimated incidence of 1 every 2,500-3,000 live newborns, and in 60% of the cases it is an isolated malformation. It is an evolutionary pathology that can be diagnosed from week 20-24; it is most commonly located in the left posterolateral. It is a pathology that requires intensive care at birth and after delivery and once the patient has been stabilized, surgical action is required. The objectives of this work are to understand the general characteristics of the pathology in order to refine its manipulation and achieve optimal counseling for parents at the newborn's prenatal and postnatal stages.

A hérnia diafragmática congênita é um defeito no diafragma que leva à herniação doconteúdo abdominal para a cavidade torácica durante o período intrauterino. A morbimortalidade é determinada pela associação com outras malformações, pelo grau de hipoplasia pulmonar e pela presença de hipertensão pulmonar secundária. Apresenta uma incidência estimada de 1 a cada 2.500-3.000 nascidos vivos, constituindo-se em 60% uma malformação isolada. É uma patologia evolutiva que pode ser diagnosticada a partir da semana 20-24 e a localização mais comum é o póstero-lateral esquerdo. É uma patologia que requer internação em terapia intensiva ao nascimento e após o parto. Uma vez que o paciente for estabilizado, é necessária ação cirúrgica. Os objetivos deste paper são conhecer as características gerais da patologia para melhorar o seu manejo, obtendo assim um aconselhamento ideal para os pais no nível pré-natal e no acompanhamento do crescimento pós-natal do recém-nascido.

Aportes del ecocardiograma y las técnicas de deformación miocárdica en la amiloidosis cardíaca: bases de la técnica y hallazgos de utilidad diagnóstica / Contributions of echocardiography and myocardial deformation techniques in cardiac amyloidosis: basis of the technique and diagnostically useful findings / Contribuições da ecocardiografia e das técnicas de deformação miocárdica na amiloidose cardíaca: base da técnica e resultados diagnosticamente úteis

La amiloidosis cardíaca es una miocardiopatía restrictiva infiltrativa secundaria al depósito extracelular de amiloide. Las diferentes técnicas de imagen cardíaca permiten la evaluación de forma no invasiva. El ecocardiograma juega un rol central en la evaluación diagnóstica, pronóstica y ayuda a guiar el tratamiento. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es describir las diferentes herramientas que nos brinda la ecocardiografía, poniendo énfasis en el strain por speckle tracking y describir su rol en el diagnóstico de esta patología.

Cardiac amyloidosis is an infiltrative restrictive cardiomyopathy secondary to extracellular amyloid deposition. Different cardiac imaging techniques allow noninvasive evaluation. Echocardiography plays a central role in diagnostic and prognostic evaluation and helps to guide treatment. The aim of this review is to describe the different tools provided by echocardiography, with emphasis on speckle tracking strain and to describe its role in the diagnosis of this pathology.

A amiloidose cardíaca é uma cardiomiopatia restritiva infiltrativa secundária ao depósito de amiloide extracelular. Diferentes técnicas de imagem cardíaca permitem fazer uma análise não invasiva. A ecocardiografia desempenha um papel central no diagnóstico e na avaliação prognóstica e ajuda a orientar o tratamento. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é descrever as diferentes ferramentas proporcionadas pela ecocardiografia, com ênfase no strain por speckle tracking, e descrever o seu papel no diagnóstico desta patologia.

Impact of the depth of remission by induction chemotherapy on the prognosis of limited stage small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effect of depth of remission of induction chemotherapy on the overall prognosis of limited stage small cell lung cancer (L-SCLC). Methods: The study was a retrospective, L-SCLC patients who contained complete imaging data and underwent consecutive standardized treatments at the Department of Thoracic Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between January 2013 and June 2021 were included. To delineate the volume of tumor before and after induction chemotherapy and to calculate the depth of remission caused by the induced chemotherapy. The time receiver operating characteristic (timeROC) method was used to determine the optimal predictors for prognosis, multi-factor analysis using Cox risk proportional model. Results: A total of 104 patients were included in this study. The median PFS and OS of this cohort were 13.7 months and 20.9 months, respectively. It was observed by timeROC analysis that residual tumor volume after induction chemotherapy had the optimal predictive value of PFS at 1 year (AUC=0.86, 95% CI: 0.78~0.94) and OS at 2 years (AUC=0.76, 95% CI: 0.65~0.87). Multivariate analysis showed residual tumor volume after induction chemotherapy was the independent prognostic factor to PFS (HR=1.006, 95% CI: 1.003~1.009, P<0.01) and OS (HR=1.009, 95% CI: 1.005~1.012, P<0.001). For those whose residual tumor volume remitted to less than 10 cm(3) after induction chemotherapy, the favorable long-term outcomes could be achieved, regardless of their initial tumor load. Conclusion: The depth of remission of induction chemotherapy could be a promising prognostic predictor to the L-SCLC and provide the individualized treatment guidance.

Development and validation of prognostic nomogram for malignant pleural mesothelioma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To development the prognostic nomogram for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Methods: Two hundred and ten patients pathologically confirmed as MPM were enrolled in this retrospective study from 2007 to 2020 in the People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, the First and Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, and divided into training (n=112) and test (n=98) sets according to the admission time. The observation factors included demography, symptoms, history, clinical score and stage, blood cell and biochemistry, tumor markers, pathology and treatment. The Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of 112 patients in the training set. According to the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, the prognostic prediction nomogram was established. C-Index and calibration curve were used to evaluate the model's discrimination and consistency in raining and test sets, respectively. Patients were stratified according to the median risk score of nomogram in the training set. Log rank test was performed to compare the survival differences between the high and low risk groups in the two sets. Results: The median overall survival (OS) of 210 MPM patients was 384 days (IQR=472 days), and the 6-month, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 75.7%, 52.6%, 19.7%, and 13.0%, respectively. Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that residence (HR=2.127, 95% CI: 1.154-3.920), serum albumin (HR=1.583, 95% CI: 1.017-2.464), clinical stage (stage Ⅳ: HR=3.073, 95% CI: 1.366-6.910) and the chemotherapy (HR=0.476, 95% CI: 0.292-0.777) were independent prognostic factors for MPM patients. The C-index of the nomogram established based on the results of Cox multivariate regression analysis in the training and test sets were 0.662 and 0.613, respectively. Calibration curves for both the training and test sets showed moderate consistency between the predicted and actual survival probabilities of MPM patients at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. The low-risk group had better outcomes than the high-risk group in both training (P=0.001) and test (P=0.003) sets. Conclusion: The survival prediction nomogram established based on routine clinical indicators of MPM patients provides a reliable tool for prognostic prediction and risk stratification.

Assessment of the diagnostic value and prognosis of different detection markers in endocervical adenocarcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To study the diagnostic value of different detection markers in histological categories of endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA), and their assessment of patient prognosis. Methods: A retrospective study of 54 patients with ECA in the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2005-2010 were performed. The cases of ECA were classified into two categories, namely human papillomavirus-associated adenocarcinoma (HPVA) and non-human papillomavirus-associated adenocarcinoma (NHPVA), based on the 2018 international endocervical adenocarcinoma criteria and classification (IECC). To detect HR-HPV DNA and HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA in all patients, we used whole tissue section PCR (WTS-PCR) and HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques, respectively. Additionally, we performed Laser microdissection PCR (LCM-PCR) on 15 randomly selected HR-HPV DNA-positive cases to confirm the accuracy of the above two assays in identifying ECA lesions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the efficacy of markers to identify HPVA and NHPVA. Univariate and multifactorial Cox proportional risk model regression analyses were performed for factors influencing ECA patients' prognoses. Results: Of the 54 patients with ECA, 30 were HPVA and 24 were NHPVA. A total of 96.7% (29/30) of HPVA patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA and 63.3% (19/30) for HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA, and 33.3% (8/24) of NHPVA patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA and HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA was not detected (0/24), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). LCM-PCR showed that five patients were positive for HR-HPV DNA in the area of glandular epithelial lesions and others were negative, which was in good agreement with the E6/E7 mRNA ISH assay (Kappa=0.842, P=0.001). Analysis of the ROC results showed that the AUC of HR-HPV DNA, HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA, and p16 to identify HPVA and NHPVA were 0.817, 0.817, and 0.692, respectively, with sensitivities of 96.7%, 63.3%, and 80.0% and specificities of 66.7%, 100.0%, and 58.3%, respectively. HR-HPV DNA identified HPVA and NHPVA with higher AUC than p16 (P=0.044). The difference in survival rates between HR-HPV DNA (WTS-PCR assay) positive and negative patients was not statistically significant (P=0.156), while the difference in survival rates between HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA positive and negative patients, and p16 positive and negative patients were statistically significant (both P<0.05). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis showed that International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) staging (HR=19.875, 95% CI: 1.526-258.833) and parametrial involvement (HR=14.032, 95% CI: 1.281-153.761) were independent factors influencing the prognosis of patients with ECA. Conclusions: HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA is more reflective of HPV infection in ECA tissue. The efficacy of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HR-HPV DNA (WTS-PCR assay) in identifying HPVA and NHPVA is similar, with higher sensitivity of HR-HPV DNA and higher specificity of HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA. HR-HPV DNA is more effective than p16 in identifying HPVA and NHPVA. HPV E6/E7 mRNA and p16 positive ECA patients have better survival rates than negative.

Correlation and clinical significance of VISTA expression and cervical squamous cell carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship between the expression of the T-cell activation suppressor-immunoglobulin variable region (VISTA) and the development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), and the impact on the prognosis of CSCC patients. Methods: Cervical tissue samples from 116 CSCC, including 23 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade I, 23 CIN grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ, and 23 chronic cervicitis patients, were collected from the First Hospital of Soochow University between March 2014 and April 2019. The expression of VISTA in each group was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Survival data of CSCC patients were obtained by follow-up. The survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, and survival differences between groups were compared by Log rank test. Prognostic impact factors were analyzed using a multifactorial Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The positive rate of VISTA expression in CSCC group was 32.8% (38/116), and which of grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ was 17.4% (4/23). VISTA expression results showed no positive expression patients in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I and chronic cervicitis groups. The differences between the CSCC group and other groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). In 116 CSCC patients, VISTA expression was associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). The mean survival time of patients in the VISTA positive expression group was 30.7 months, and the 3-year survival rate was 44.7% (17/38). However, the mean survival time of the patients in the VISTA negative expression group was 49.1 months, and the 3-year survival rate was 87.2% (68/78). The Cox regression model found that VISTA expression positivity (P=0.001) and FIGO stage (P=0.047) were prognostic factors for CSCC, and patients with VISTA-positive CSCC had a 4.130-fold risk of death higher than those with VISTA-negative expression. Conclusions: The VISTA protein is highly expressed in CSCC tissues, and its expression level is closely related to the occurrence and development of CSCC. The expression of VISTA can be used as an independent predictor of CSCC prognosis and can provide a strong basis for the treatment of CSCC with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of patients with lung metastasis of stage Ⅰa~Ⅲb cervical cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of lung metastasis in patients with cervical cancer after treatment. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 191 patients with lung metastasis of stage Ⅰa-Ⅲb cervical cancer (FIGO 2009 stage) treated in Sichuan Cancer Hospital from January 2007 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Kaplan Meier method and Log rank test were used for survival analysis, and Cox regression model was used for prognostic factors analysis. Results: Among 191 patients with lung metastasis of cervical cancer, pulmonary metastasis was found in 134 patients (70.2%) during follow-up examination, and 57 patients (29.8%) had clinical symptoms (cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and fever). The time from the initial treatment of cervical cancer to the discovery of lung metastasis was 1-144 months in the whole group, with a median time of 19 months. Univariate analysis of the prognosis of lung metastasis after treatment of cervical cancer showed that the diameter of cervical tumor, lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margin, disease-free interval after treatment of cervical cancer, whether it is accompanied by other metastasis, the number, location and maximum diameter of lung metastasis, and the treatment method after lung metastasis are related to the prognosis of patients with lung metastasis of cervical cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of lung metastases and other site metastases in addition to lung metastases were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with lung metastases of cervical cancer (P<0.05). Conclusions: For patients with cervical cancer, attention should be paid to chest CT examination during follow-up to guard against the possibility of lung metastasis after treatment. Besides lung metastasis, other site metastasis and the number of lung metastasis are independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with lung metastasis of cervical cancer. For patients with lung metastasis after treatment of cervical cancer, surgical treatment is an effective treatment. It is necessary to strictly grasp the surgical indications, and some patients can achieve long-term survival. For patients with lung metastasis of cervical cancer who are not suitable for resection of lung metastasis, the remedial treatment of chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy is still a recommended choice.

Expression level of miR-199b in human colorectal cancer tissues and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the relationship between miR-199b and clinicopathologic features and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: Cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues of 202 patients with colorectal cancer treated in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from March to December 2011 were collected. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of miR-199b in colorectal cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test were used for survival analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-199b in colorectal cancer patients. Results: The relative expression level of miR-199b in colorectal cancer tissues (-7.88±0.11) was lower than that in adjacent normal tissues (-6.49±0.12, P<0.001). The expression level of miR-199b in colorectal cancer tissues with lymph node metastasis (-7.51±0.14) was higher than that in colorectal cancer tissues without lymph node metastasis (-8.23±0.17, P<0.001). The relative expression levels of miR-199b in stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ colorectal cancer tissues were gradually increased, which were -8.26±0.17, -7.70±0.16 and -6.57±0.27, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The 5-year survival rates of patients with high and low expressions of miR-199b were 75.6% and 84.6%(P=0.045) respectively. ROC curve showed that when miR-199b was -7.965, the area under the curve was 0.578 (95% CI: 0.468, 0.688). Conclusion: The high expression of miR-199b in colorectal cancer tissues is associated with late TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients, and miR-199b may be used as a potential marker for postoperative progress and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.

Prognostic value of perioperative change of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase in coronary circulation on perioperative myocardial injury and clinical outcome of patients underwent surgical valve replacement / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of observing perioperative changes of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) in coronary artery circulation in patients underwent valve replacement surgery. Methods: This perspective cohort study was performed in patients who underwent valvular surgery in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and Fuwai Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022. Patients were divided into perioperative myocardial injury group and age-, sex- and type of cardiac procedure-matched non-perioperative myocardial injury control group in the ratio of 1∶1. Perioperative myocardial injury was defined as cardiac troponin T (cTnT)>0.8 μg/L on the first postoperative day (POD), and the cTnT level on the second POD increased by more than 10% compared with the cTnT level on the first POD. During the operation, blood samples were collected from the coronary sinus before clamping ascending aorta, and within 5 minutes after de-clamping ascending aorta. Then, the levels of MPO and NE on coronary sinus were continuously measured. The death, severe ventricular arrhythmia, pneumonia, re-intubation, repeat cardiac surgery, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), mechanical ventilation time and the duration of intensive care unit (ICU) were recorded. The levels of MPO and NE and the incidence of clinical outcomes were compared between the myocardial injury group and the control group. The independent risk factors of myocardial injury were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 130 patients were enrolled, aged (60.6±7.6) years old, with 59 males (45.4%). There were 65 patients in the myocardial injury group and 65 patients in the control group. During hospitalization, there was no death, ECMO, IABP and CRRT cases in both groups. Compared with the control group, the incidence of severe ventricular arrhythmia (13.8%(9/65) vs. 3.1%(2/65), P=0.03), pneumonia (20.0%(13/65) vs. 3.1%(2/65), P=0.03), re-intubation (6.2%(4/65) vs. 0, P=0.04) was significantly higher in myocardial injury group. The mechanical ventilation time (16.8(10.7, 101.7) h vs. 7.5(4.7, 15.1) h, P<0.01), and the duration of ICU (3.7(2.7, 18.9) vs. 2.7(1.8, 6.9)d, P<0.01) were significantly longer in myocardial injury group compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the levels of MPO and NE in coronary sinus blood between the two groups before aortic clamping (all P>0.05). However, MPO ((551.3±124.2) μg/L vs. (447.2±135.9) μg/L, P<0.01) and NE ((417.0±83.1)μg/L vs. (341.0±68.3)μg/L, P<0.01) after 5 min aortic de-clamping were significantly higher in myocardial injury group than in the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of NE (OR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.02, P<0.01), MPO (OR=1.00, 95%CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.02) and mechanical ventilation time (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.01-1.06, P=0.02) were independent risk factors of myocardial injury in patients after surgical valvular replacement. Conclusion: Perioperative myocardial injury is related poor clinical outcomes, perioperative NE and MPO in coronary artery circulation are independent risk factors of perioperative myocardial injury in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery.