ABSTRACT
Objective: To synthesize evidence involving pathophysiological and clinical-epidemiological linking mechanisms in women with breast cancer and metabolic syndrome. Method: This is a structured scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute and was conducted in the PubMed, BDENF, LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, WPRIM, BINACIS, and Embase databases. This review is registered in the Open Science Framework. Result: Regarding the level of evidence of the included studies, moderate and strong evidence levels were predominant. There were no weak evidence findings in this research. The chronic inflammatory state of breast adipose tissue in patients with obesity can worsen the negative impact on cancer cells, directly affecting survival and recurrence. Unexplained weight gain or loss is associated with shorter survival in women with breast cancer, highlighting the need for specific guidance during treatment. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of breast cancer; however, massive weight loss during active disease can be associated with a worse prognosis and should therefore be prevented. Patients should be advised to maintain a stable weight during chemotherapy and to receive guidance on adequate nutrition and physical activity to increase muscle mass
Objetivo: Sintetizar as principais evidências envolvendo os mecanismos de ligação fisiopatológico e clínico-epidemiológico em mulheres com câncer de mama e a síndrome metabólica. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo estruturada conforme o Instituto Joanna Briggs, realizado nas bases de dados PubMed, BDENF, LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, WPRIM, BINACIS e Embase. Esta revisão encontra-se protocolada no Open Science Framework. Resultado: Com relação ao nível de evidência dos estudos inclusos, houve predominância para níveis fortes de evidência. Não houve achados de evidência fraca nesta pesquisa. O estado inflamatório crônico do tecido adiposo mamário em casos de obesidade pode agravar o impacto negativo nas células cancerígenas, afetando diretamente a sobrevida e recorrência. Ganho ou perda de peso inexplicável estão associados a uma menor sobrevida em mulheres com câncer de mama, sublinhando a necessidade de orientações específicas durante o tratamento. Conclusão: A síndrome metabólica esta associada ao risco de câncer de mama, entretanto, a perda maciça de peso durante a doença ativa pode ser um fator de pior prognóstico, devendo assim, ser realizada de forma preventiva. Os pacientes devem ser orientados a manter um peso estável durante a quimioterapia e receber orientações sobre alimentação adequada e atividade física em busca de aumento de massa muscular
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Therapeutics , Breast , Breast Neoplasms , Exercise , Cells , Metabolic Syndrome , Patients , Prognosis , Recurrence , Research , Science , Women , Weight Gain , Weight Loss , Adipose Tissue , Disease , Risk , PubMed , Diet , Drug Therapy , Nutritional Sciences , LILACS , Methods , Muscles , Neoplasms , ObesityABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective This study analyzes the results of evaluative research on the Brazilian Food and Nutritional Security System. Method Was conducted a scoping review by collecting information from four bibliographic databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), and Web of Science. Three researchers systematically selected the studies and extracted data. The researchers categorized the studies included according to an evaluative approach to the topics of financing, social participation, decentralization and government management, and monitoring and evaluation. Results Were found 1,987 references, 17 of which were selected for analysis. It is presented the evaluation of the System and of its public policy as a developing field permeated by different types of research and methods and which needs to be better qualified in relation to its theoretical and methodological approaches. The results and recommendations of the studies analyzed point out important elements to guide decision-making in relation to the System and its public policy. Conclusion In view of the recent weakening of the governance structure of this public policy at a national level, this study contributes to the debate on food and nutritional security and its reintegration into the Brazilian governmental agenda.
RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo analisou os resultados de pesquisas avaliativas sobre o Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no Brasil. Método Foi realizado uma revisão a partir da coleta de informações em quatro bancos de dados bibliográficos: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMed), e Web of Science. Três pesquisadores selecionaram sistematicamente os estudos e extraíram os dados. Os pesquisadores categorizaram os estudos incluídos de acordo com uma abordagem avaliativa sobre os temas de financiamento, participação social e controle, descentralização e gestão governamental, e monitoramento e avaliação. Resultado Foram encontradas 1.987 referências, das quais 17 foram selecionadas para análise. Apresenta-se a avaliação do Sistema e de sua política pública como um campo em desenvolvimento permeado por diferentes tipos de pesquisa e métodos, e que precisa ser mais bem qualificado em relação às suas abordagens teóricas e metodológicas. Os resultados e recomendações dos estudos analisados apontam elementos importantes para orientar a tomada de decisão em relação ao Sistema e sua política pública. Conclusão Diante da recente fragilização da estrutura de governança dessa política pública em nível nacional, este estudo contribui para o debate sobre segurança alimentar e nutricional e sua reinserção na agenda governamental brasileira.
Subject(s)
Humans , Public Policy , Food Supply , Brazil , Databases, Bibliographic , MEDLINE , PubMed , Social Participation , LILACSABSTRACT
La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un problema sanitario mundial que afecta al 10% de la población. Su prevalencia ha ido en aumento debido a factores relacionados con el estilo de vida y el envejecimiento de la población. Objetivo. Analizar la percepción de los pacientes receptores de trasplantes renales sobre su calidad de vida, y evaluar los factores que influyen en la calidad de vida post-trasplante renal. Metodología. Para ello, se llevó cabo un estudio bibliográfico considerando fuentes de bases de datos académicas como PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, entre otras. Donde se usaron como descriptores de búsqueda "trasplante renal", "calidad de vida", "percepción del paciente", "resultados post-trasplante". Además, la búsqueda se amplió en revistas especializadas, tesis, libros y conferencias relacionadas con el tema. como criterios de inclusión fueron considerados estudios originales, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, publicaciones en los últimos 10 años, etc. Y como exclusión fueron considerados estudios no relacionados, artículos de opinión, publicaciones en idiomas no accesibles. En cuanto al proceso extracción de la información, se usó la matriz de registro y las técnicas de observación y análisis documental, la matriz quedo constituida por Autor(es), año de publicación, país de origen, objetivos del estudio, metodología utilizada, variables analizadas, resultados principales, y conclusiones relevantes. Conclusión. Es esencial reconocer que la calidad de vida post-trasplante renal es una experiencia subjetiva que varía significativamente entre los pacientes y que está influenciada por una amplia gama de factores, que van desde la gestión de síntomas físicos hasta el manejo de desafíos psicológicos y sociales.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem affecting 10% of the population. Its prevalence has been increasing due to factors related to lifestyle and population aging. Objective. To analyze the perception of renal transplant recipients on their quality of life, and to evaluate the factors that influence post renal transplant quality of life. Methodology. For this purpose, a bibliographic study was carried out considering sources of academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, among others. The search descriptors used were "renal transplant", "quality of life", "patient perception", "post-transplant results". In addition, the search was extended to specialized journals, theses, books and conferences related to the subject. Inclusion criteria included original studies, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, publications in the last 10 years, etc. Unrelated studies, opinion articles, publications in non-accessible languages were considered as exclusion criteria. As for the information extraction process, the registration matrix and the techniques of observation and documentary analysis were used, the matrix was made up of author(s), year of publication, country of origin, objectives of the study, methodology used, variables analyzed, main results, and relevant conclusions. Conclusion. It is essential to recognize that post-renal transplant quality of life is a subjective experience that varies significantly among patients and is influenced by a wide range of factors, ranging from the management of physical symptoms to the management of psychological and social challenges.
A doença renal crônica (DRC) é um problema de saúde global que afeta 10% da população. Sua prevalência tem aumentado devido a fatores de estilo de vida e ao envelhecimento da população. Objetivo. Analisar a percepção dos receptores de transplante renal sobre sua qualidade de vida e avaliar os fatores que influenciam a qualidade de vida pós-transplante renal. Metodologia. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico considerando fontes de bancos de dados acadêmicos como PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, entre outros. Os descritores de busca utilizados foram "transplante renal", "qualidade de vida", "percepção do paciente", "resultados pós-transplante" Além disso, a busca foi estendida a periódicos especializados, teses, livros e congressos relacionados ao tema. Os critérios de inclusão incluíram estudos originais, revisões sistemáticas, meta-análises, publicações nos últimos 10 anos, etc. Estudos não relacionados, artigos de opinião e publicações em idiomas não acessíveis foram considerados como critérios de exclusão. Quanto ao processo de extração de informações, foram utilizadas a matriz de registro e as técnicas de observação e análise documental. A matriz foi composta por autor(es), ano de publicação, país de origem, objetivos do estudo, metodologia utilizada, variáveis analisadas, principais resultados e conclusões relevantes. Conclusões. É essencial reconhecer que a qualidade de vida pós-transplante renal é uma experiência subjetiva que varia significativamente entre os pacientes e é influenciada por uma ampla gama de fatores, que vão desde o controle dos sintomas físicos até o enfrentamento de desafios psicológicos e sociais.
Subject(s)
Bibliographies as Topic , PubMedABSTRACT
A urticária é uma doença com comprometimento universal, e debilitante para a maioria dos pacientes. Caracteriza-se pela ocorrência de episódios de urticas, angioedema ou ambos, determinados pela ativação de mastócitos e outras células inflamatórias com a liberação de vários mediadores. Apresenta etiologia complexa com fenótipos e terapias bem específicas. A urticária crônica possui evolução recorrente e imprevisível, podendo estender-se por anos. Caracteristicamente possui maior prevalência no sexo feminino, com pico de ocorrência entre 20 e 40 anos. A doença pode ser diferenciada pela gravidade, impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente e resposta terapêutica. Biomarcador é uma característica clínica ou laboratorial mensurável de algum estado ou condição biológica, o qual pode influenciar ou prever a incidência de desfecho ou doença. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão dos principais biomarcadores promissores e com melhor evidência relacionados à duração, atividade da doença e resposta terapêutica.
Urticaria is a disease of global importance that can be debilitating for most patients. It is characterized by episodes of wheals, angioedema, or both, determined by the activation of mast cells and other inflammatory cells with the release of several mediators. The etiology is complex, involving specific phenotypes and therapies. Chronic urticaria has a recurrent and unpredictable course that can last for years. The prevalence is typically higher in females, with a peak incidence between 20 and 40 years of age. The disease can be classified by severity, impact on quality of life, and therapeutic response. A biomarker is a measurable clinical or laboratory characteristic of a biological state or condition that can influence or predict the incidence of outcome or disease. This study provides a review of the main biomarkers considered promising and with the best evidence related to duration, disease activity, and therapeutic response.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cyclosporine , PubMed , Omalizumab , LILACS , Histamine AntagonistsABSTRACT
Introduction:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) predicts cardiovascular disease, and patients with this condition and type 2 diabetes have increased albuminuria, significantly impacting cardiovascular mortality and kidney disease progression. A considerable number of interventions to control MetS exist and are considered efficient, including the use of medication and changes in lifestyle. However, which approaches are effective in controlling albuminuria remains unclear. This systematic review protocol aims to map in the available literature whether lifestyle, medication, and surgical intervention for MetS have an impact on reducing albuminuria in adult patients. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews will be followed. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Embase, and MEDLINE/PubMed databases will be used. For the Gray Literature, the DART-Europe E-theses Portal. There will be no language restriction. Studies written after 2009 will be included due to the consensus and definition of metabolic syndrome. This review will include studies considering pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for controlling albuminuria in patients with MetS. Studies where MetS is described in children and adolescents, animals, pregnant women, and patients with type 1 diabetes will be excluded. First, the selection will be based on reading the title and summary of the texts retrieved in the search strategy, followed by reading the relevant texts in full by two reviewers. After the selection of the studies, the extraction of the data, analysis, and synthesis will be conducted according to the JBI methodology
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Proteinuria , Therapeutics , Metabolic Syndrome , Life Style , Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism , Exercise , MEDLINE , PubMed , DietABSTRACT
Objective: To systematically review the status and factors influencing presenteeism among clinical nurses. Methods: In December 2021, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsyclNFO and other databases were electronically searched to cross sectional studies on the current situation and factors influencing the occurrence of presenteeism among clinical nurses. The search terms mainly included presenteeism, sick at work, Stanford Presenteeism Scale, nurse, level, risk factor, influence, et al. And the search time was from the establishment of the database to November 30, 2021. Literature screening, data extraction and evaluation of the risk of bias in the included literature were done independently by two researchers, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.1 software. Results: A total of 29 studies involving 13 535 clinical nurses were included.The results of the meta-analysis showed that the score of presenteeism was 17.99 [95% CI (17.02-18.95), P =0.000]. Subgroup analysis showed that presenteeism scores were higher in articles published before 2020 (ES=19.28, 95%CI: 18.41-20.15, P=0.000) and in the group of nurses aged 36 to 40 years (ES=19.27, 95%CI: 17.35~21.19, P=0.000), female (ES= 17.04, 95%CI: 14.70-19.39, P=0.000), secondary school education (ES=21.01, 95%CI: 17.76-24.26, P= 0.007), married (ES=17.49, 95%CI: 15.13-19.85, P=0.000), working for 5 to 10 years (ES=17.78, 95%CI: 16.54-19.02, P=0.000), contract (ES=17.05, 95%CI: 15.23-18.87, P=0.000), working in pediatrics (ES= 16.65, 95% CI: 15.31-17.99, P=0.000) and European region (ES =21.21, 95% CI: 20.50-21.93, P=0.000) . Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that clinical nurses are at high risk of presenteeism, which is affected by variety of factors. The managers should pay attention to the physical and mental health of nurses, identify high-risk factors as early as possible and take measures to reduce the occurrence of presenteeism and improve the quality of nursing.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Presenteeism , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mental Health , PubMed , NursesABSTRACT
Background: E-resources are one of the major sources of scientific information which provides the user with more precise and quick information. The completeness and quality of information accessible on electronic resources makes it dependable, reliable sources of information and knowledge production in the academic community. Information accessibility is pivotal in the health research environment as it helps in quick and effective response to challenges and complexities as they arise. However, the level of knowledge possessed by medical researchers in Lagos State University College of Medicine (LASUCOM) is important for teaching, learning and research. Hence, this study evaluated knowledge and use of e-resources by medical researchers in LASUCOM. Methods: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population is 400 postgraduate students (MPH, resident doctors) and research scholars. The sample size is 200, representing 50% of the total population. Data were collected with the use of a structured questionnaire on knowledge and use of e-resources by the respondents. Frequency counts, percentages, mean, and standard deviation, were used reporting the data. Results: The results revealed the knowledge of medical researchers about electronic resources including journals (91.8%), books (89.4%), theses/dissertations (82.3%). Also, electronic resources were used for the purpose of obtaining current information (78.8%) and for academic /study purposes (78.8%). PubMed/MEDLINE (96.5%), PubMed Central (92.9%), African Journals Online (92.9%) were the most preferred electronic resources used by postgraduate and medical researchers in LASUCOM. Conclusion: The study concluded that librarians should be trained to support researchers in the research process. The study recommended that librarians should create awareness about electronic resources available and accessible in the library. Also, the library should provide adequate user education on database interface usage and optimal search skill techniques for retrieval of relevant information in the Medical Library.
Subject(s)
Access to Information , PubMed , Electronics, Medical , Health ResourcesABSTRACT
Introducción: La evidencia plantea que el trastorno del espectro autista puede asociarse con un aumento, en el pensamiento, del deseo de querer morir; ante esta situación se hace necesario investigar los factores de riesgo que afectan a menores con esta condición. Objetivo: Explorar en la literatura de qué forma las interacciones sociales y el bullying son factores de riesgo en la conducta suicida en niños y adolescentes con trastorno del espectro autista. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda que incluyó las principales bases de datos y de gestores de la información (PubMed, SciELO, WoS, Google académico, Scopus, Dialnet), entre marzo y agosto de 2021. Se utilizaron términos como suicidal behavior; trastorno del espectro autista; intimidación; nteracción social. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Se entregan argumentos de cómo el bullying representa un factor de riesgo para la conducta suicida, también de cómo los intercambios comunicativos se encuentran afectados en los menores con trastornos del espectro autista y esto puede aumentar el riesgo suicida. Se describe la escasa literatura vinculada a la evaluación de la conducta suicida en los menores con estos trastornos y de la necesidad de continuar investigando en esta temática. Conclusión: Los niños y adolescentes con necesidades educativas especiales, entre los que se encuentran los niños con trastornos del espectro autista, están expuestos a un mayor número de factores de riesgo para la aparición de conducta suicida. Estos elementos deben considerarse a la hora de programar y planificar protocolos de prevención del suicidio en el contexto sanitario y educativo(AU)
Introduction: Evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorder may be associated with an increase, in thinking of the wish to die; given this situation, it is necessary to investigate the risk factors that affect children with this condition. Objective: To explore in the literature how social interactions and bullying are risk factors for suicidal behavior in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: A search including the main databases and information managers (PubMed, SciELO, WoS, Google Scholar, Scopus, Dialnet) was carried out between March and August 2021. Terms such as suicidal behavior; autism spectrum disorder; bullying; social interaction were used. Analysis and synthesis of information: Arguments are given on how bullying represents a risk factor for suicidal behavior, also on how communicative exchanges are affected in children with autism spectrum disorders and this may increase suicidal risk. It is described the scarce literature related to the evaluation of suicidal behavior in children with these disorders and the need for further research on this topic. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with special educational needs, including children with autism spectrum disorders, are exposed to a greater number of risk factors for the development of suicidal behavior. These elements should be considered when programming and planning suicide prevention protocols in the health and educational context(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , PubMed , Bullying , Autism Spectrum Disorder , Suicidal IdeationABSTRACT
Objetivo: descrever a atividade de inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE), por meio de ativos extraídos de alcaloides naturais. Metodologia: este estudo se configura como uma revisão sistemática da literatura, no período de janeiro de 2015 a setembro de 2021, nas bases de dados PUBMED, LILACS e SCIENCE DIRECT, com os descritores Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer; Alkaloids. As informações obtidas foram tabuladas para avaliação dos alcaloides inibidores da acetilcolinesterase. Resultados: de 563 artigos encontrados, 17 foram utilizados. Dois deles relataram a atividade de alcaloides inibidores da AChE por meio de ensaios clínicos, enquanto os demais a realizaram por testes in vitro. De 160 substâncias estudadas, 48 apresentaram atividade anticolinesterásica, as quais foram avaliadas de acordo com a sua concentração inibitória média (IC50). Discussão: a eficiência dos alcaloides como inibidores da AChE, provavelmente está relacionada com sua carga positiva no pH do organismo e sua boa biodisponibilidade, tendo como consequência uma atividade duradoura in vivo, em comparação com os medicamentos sintéticos. Conclusão: no presente estudo, foi possível observar uma grande diversidade de substâncias alcalóidicas antiAChE. Contudo, torna-se necessária a realização de mais ensaios in vivo e in vitro para a constatação efetiva da atividade dessas moléculas.
Objective: describe the activity of the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) through natural actives extracted from alkaloids. Methodology: this study is a systematic literature review, from January 2015 to September 2021, in the PUBMED, LILACS, and SCIENCE DIRECT databases, with the descriptors Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer's; Alkaloids. The information obtained was tabulated for the evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor alkaloids. Results: of 563 articles found, 17 were used. Two of them reported the activity of AChE-inhibiting Alkaloids through clinical trials, while the others performed it through in vitro tests. Of 160 substances studied, 48 showed anticholinesterase activity, which was evaluated according to their mean inhibitory concentration (IC50). Discussion: the efficiency of Alkaloids as AChE inhibitors is probably related to their positive charge on the body's pH and their good bioavailability, resulting in a long-lasting activity in vivo compared to synthetic drugs. Conclusion: in the present study, it was possible to observe a great diversity of antiAChE alkaloid substances. However, it is necessary to carry out more in vivo and in vitro tests to verify the effective activity of these molecules.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids , Alzheimer Disease , Acetylcholinesterase , Therapeutics , Cholinesterases , Neurodegenerative Diseases , PubMed , Alkalies , Synthetic DrugsABSTRACT
Objective: This review determined and reports the prevalence of urinary tract infections and aetiological agents common in most sub-Saharan African countries. Methods: A literature search involved Springer, Hindawi, PubMed, Medcrave, Google Scholar, BioMed, and Elsevier databases to identify the urinary tract infection articles published between 2000 and 2021. Results: Of 111 articles obtained from databases, 22 met the qualities to be included in the study. Overall, the prevalence of UTI was 32.12% with Escherichia coli being the most commonly isolated bacteria accounting for 86.4%. Escherichia coli is found in the GIT thus, the proximity between the anus and urinary system makes the contamination easier. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide useful information for the effective intervention of urinary tract infections. Further, it is advised women wipe from front to back whenever they attend the call of nature and or during bathing.
Objetivo: Relatamos a prevalência de infecções do trato urinário e agentes etiológicos comuns na maioria dos países da África Subsaariana. Metodos: Uma pesquisa bibliográfica envolveu as bases de dados Springer, Hindawi, PubMed, Medcrave, Google Scholar, BioMed e Elsevier para identificar os artigos que abordavam infecção do trato urinário nos países da África Subsaariana, publicados entre 2000 e 2021. Resultados: Dos 111 artigos obtidos nas bases de dados, 22 atenderam aos criterios de inclusao e foram incluídos no estudo . No geral, a prevalência de UTI foi de 32,12%, sendo a Escherichia coli a bactéria mais comumente isolada, representando 86,4%. A Escherichia coli é encontrada no TGI, portanto, a proximidade entre o ânus e o sistema urinário facilita a contaminação. Conclusao: Os achados deste estudo fornecem informações úteis para a intervenção efetiva das infecções do trato urinário. Além disso, é aconselhável que as mulheres busquem fazer sua higiene intima sempre da parte da frente para trás.
Subject(s)
Urinary Tract Infections , Urinary Tract , Prevalence , Africa South of the Sahara , PubMed , InfectionsABSTRACT
Objective: this systematic review aims to compile literature data on the antimicrobial action of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI). Methods: To this end, the articles in this review were searched in the PubMed database between the years 2010 to 2020, using terms found in MESH as descriptors. The PRISMA flow diagram was used to analyze the process flow of the research. Later, inclusion and exclusion criteria and eligibility for data extraction and statistical analysis were applied. Results: Thus, of 252 articles found, 13 were used for this systematic review. The period in which there were more publications was in 2016-2017. All articles demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of ISRS, such as sertraline, fluoxetine, and paroxetine, in addition to their synergistic activity with some antifungals and antibacterial. Conclusion: With this, it could be concluded that the repositioning of non-antibiotic drugs that have antimicrobial activity is a promising alternative for the scientific community and, in the future, in clinical practice
Objetivo: compilar dados da literatura sobre a ação antimicrobiana dos Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina (ISRS). Métodos: os artigos desta revisão foram pesquisados na base de dados PubMed, entre os anos de 2010 a 2020, utilizando, como descritores, termos encontrados no MESH. O fluxograma PRISMA foi utilizado para analisar o fluxo do processo da pesquisa. Posteriormente, foram aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão e de elegibilidade para extração de dados e análise estatística. Resultados: dos 252 artigos encontrados, 13 foram utilizados para esta revisão sistemática. O período em que houve mais publicações foi em 2016-2017. Todos os artigos demonstraram a atividade antimicrobiana do ISRS, como sertralina, fluoxetina e paroxetina, além de sua atividade sinérgica com alguns antifúngicos e antibacterianos. Conclusão: o reposicionamento de medicamentos não antibióticos que possuam atividade antimicrobiana é uma alternativa promissora para a comunidade científica e, futuramente, na prática clínica.
Subject(s)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Antifungal Agents , Bacteria , Serotonin , Fluoxetine , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors , Paroxetine , Sertraline , PubMed , FungiABSTRACT
Introducción: Gamificación no es un término usado con frecuencia en educación médica, debido a la percepción clásica con la que se desarrollan los procesos pedagógicos en este campo. Sin embargo, el solo hecho de competir por obtener una calificación para completar los requisitos de una asignatura, inconscientemente agrega elementos de gamificación. Objetivo: Determinar los factores tomados en cuenta para gamificar una clase o asignatura en la educación médica. Métodos: Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de la literatura de educación médica, publicada entre 2013 y 2021 en Scopus, Pubmed y SciELO, que hiciera referencia a la integración de la gamificación en los procesos de formación. Resultados: En todos los artículos se observaron ventajas de la implementación pedagógica, las cuales se agrupan en el desarrollo de las competencias individuales intrínsecas de los estudiantes, los logros pedagógicos obtenidos y las habilidades conseguidas gracias al trabajo en equipo. También se reportaron desventajas, representadas en la amplia necesidad de recursos, el uso inadecuado de la gamificación y las dificultades para investigar los efectos de la gamificación. Conclusiones: Los resultados mencionados dependen de la planificación utilizada por el docente, pues elementos como la instrucción, la asignatura, la modalidad, la forma de trabajo y la tecnología a utilizar, determinan las ventajas que se obtengan de esta intervención pedagógica(AU)
Introduction: Gamification is not a term frequently used in medical education, due to the classical perception with which pedagogical processes are developed in this field. However, the mere fact of competing to obtain a grade to complete the requirements of a subject, unconsciously adds elements of gamification. Objective: To determine the factors taken into account to gamify a class or subject in medical education. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on medical education, published between 2013 and 2021 in Scopus, Pubmed and SciELO, referring to the integration of gamification in training processes was developed. Results: In all the articles, advantages of the pedagogical implementation were observed, which are grouped in the development of students' intrinsic individual competencies, the pedagogical achievements obtained and the skills achieved thanks to teamwork. Disadvantages were also reported, represented in the extensive need for resources, the inadequate use of gamification and the difficulties in investigating the effects of gamification. Conclusions: The results mentioned depend on the planning used by the teacher, since elements such as instruction, subject, modality, form of work and the technology to be used, determine the advantages obtained from this pedagogical intervention(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Lecture , Learning , PubMed , Information TechnologyABSTRACT
O uso massivo dos agrotóxicos nas lavouras deu-se a partir de 1950 com a "Revolução Verde", como resultado da busca por aumento da produtividade e modernização dos campos agrícolas. Diante disso, na década de 1960, foi criado o Programa Nacional de Defensivos Agrícolas (PNDA), que veio para facilitar a introdução dos agroquímicos, colaborando para que, a partir de 2008, o Brasil passasse a ser o país com maiores percentuais de uso destes produtos. Essas substâncias geram efeitos deletérios sobre a resposta imune dos indivíduos expostos, principalmente relacionada aos macrófagos, células B, T e NK. Isso afeta a capacidade de fagocitose, apresentação de antígenos e produção de anticorpos, além de induzir a geração de radicais livres de oxigênio e disfunção mitocondrial, resultando em estresse oxidativo e danos ao DNA celular, apoptose em excesso, mutação no ciclo celular, desordem de regulação e, consequentemente, imunodeficiência. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de doenças imunomediadas, como asma e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), está estreitamente ligado aos agrotóxicos, uma vez que esses variados mecanismos de toxicidade ao sistema imune induzem, dentre outras, manifestações respiratórias, tais como tosse, sibilo, irritação e inflamação. Além disso, estes pesticidas estão relacionados com doenças não imunomediadas ao alterar a função normal dos hormônios da tireoide, andrógenos e estrógenos. A fim de avaliar estes impactos, o presente estudo consiste em uma revisão integrativa da literatura e, diante da crescente utilização descontrolada dos agrotóxicos, assume grande relevância, refletindo a necessidade de maior atuação da vigilância epidemiológica, ambiental e da saúde do trabalhador.
Beginning in the 1950s, massive pesticide use began in what is called the "Green Revolution", a quest for increased agricultural productivity and modernization. In the 1960s, the Brazilian National Program of Agricultural Defense was created to facilitate the introduction of agrochemicals, leading the country to become one of the world's largest pesticide users by 2008. These substances have deleterious effects on the immune response of exposed individuals, mainly related to macrophages and B, T, and NK cells. This affects phagocytosis and antigen and antibody production, inducing production of oxygen free radicals and mitochondrial dysfunction, which results in oxidative stress and cellular DNA damage, excess apoptosis, cell cycle mutations, regulatory disorders, and, consequently, immunodeficiency. Thus, the development of immune-mediated diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is closely linked to pesticides, since these varied mechanisms of toxicity to the immune system induce respiratory manifestations, such as cough, wheezing, irritation and inflammation. Pesticide use is also related to non-immune-mediated diseases because exposure alters the normal function of thyroid hormones, androgens, and estrogens. To evaluate their impact, the present study performed an integrative review of the literature, which, due to the growing and uncontrolled use of pesticides, is of great relevance and demonstrates the need for greater epidemiological, environmental, and worker health surveillance.
Subject(s)
Humans , PubMed , LILACSABSTRACT
La formación exitosa de profesionales de la enfermería es una necesidad para la sociedad contemporánea. Así, la investigación tuvo el objetivo de establecer las regularidades reportadas por diferentes autores acerca de la forma en que los factores socioeconómicos interactúan con el rendimiento académico en diversos contextos formativos de profesionales de la enfermería. Las autoras realizaron una revisión integrativa. La búsqueda se hizo en las bases de datos: WOS, PubMed y BVS, resultando 461 fuentes iniciales, quedando 14 seleccionas al final, de las que, la mayoría tenía enfoque cuantitativo, corte transversal, de tipo descriptivo o correlacional, publicadas entre 2016 y 2021, en su mayor parte genera-das en países africanos y latinoamericanos. El rendimiento académico en estudiantes de enfermería se está influenciado por factores socioeconómicos, tales como: etnia, tener empleo, problemas económicos, insuficiente apoyo familiar, demasiado uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, dificultades psicológicas y estilo de vida poco saludable
The successful training of nursing professionals is a necessity for contemporary society. Thus, this research aimed to establish the regularities reported by different authors about the way in which socioeconomic factors interact with academic performance in various training contexts of nursing professionals. The authors conducted an integrative review. The search was made in the databases: WOS, PubMed and VHL, resulting in 461 initial sources, getting 14 selections at the end, most of them had a quantitative approach, they were cross-sectional, descriptive, or correla-tional, and published between 2016 and 2021, mostly generated in African and Latin American countries. Academic performance in nursing students is influenced by socioeconomic factors, such as: ethnicity, having a job, economic problems, insufficient family support, excessive use of information and communication technologies, psychological difficulties, and unhealthy lifestyle
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Socioeconomic Factors , Students, Nursing , Academic Performance , Research , PubMed , Libraries, DigitalABSTRACT
La electrólisis percutánea intratisular es un procedimiento terapéutico tecnológico mínimamente invasivo para el tratamiento de lesiones en el sistema musculoesquelético mediante inflamación controlada y fagocitosis para recuperar el tejido afectado. Acerca de esta, se realizó un análisis de la producción científica publicada de 2014 a 2021. El estudio se realizó por medio de una revi-sión bibliográfica sistémica siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, que incluyó el uso de fuentes de información en las bases científicas: PubMed, SciencieDirect, EuropePMC, ResearchGate, Sage Journal, Thiem Connect y PHysiotherapy evidence database (PEdro). Previamente al procesa-miento de los datos, los documentos encontrados fueron sometidos diversos criterios de selec-ción. Los investigadores concluyeron que la electrólisis percutánea intratisular resulta un trata-miento efectivo para el tratamiento de tendinopatías crónicas, cuando se realiza combinado con un programa de ejercicios enfocado en la progresión de las cargas.
This work presents an analysis of the scientific production developed between 2014 and 2021 on percutaneous intratissue electrolysis. The objective is to analyze the bibliograpHy on the diffe-rent EPI interventions. The study was carried out through a systemic review following a methodological process according to PRISMA using various sources for the collection of information, such as: Pubmed, Scienciedirect, Europe PMC, Hindawi, Cochrane, Sage Journal, Thiem Connect, Pedro, Puerta Of the investigation. Selection and quality criteria were applied to these documents, with a subsequent analysis using qualitative techniques. In conclusion, intratissue percutaneous electrolysis turns out to be a favorable tool in the treatment of chronic tendinopathies as long as it is combined with an exercise program focused on load progression.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Administration, Cutaneous , Electrolysis , Musculoskeletal System , Bibliography , PubMed , Systematic ReviewABSTRACT
Nas últimas décadas observa-se aumento na prevalência mundial de alergia alimentar, que já acomete aproximadamente 6% das crianças, atribuído à interação entre fatores genéticos, ambientais e alterações na resposta imunológica e pode envolver reações mediadas por IgE, não mediadas e mistas. As formas não IgE mediadas decorrem de reação de hipersensibilidade tardia, mediada por linfócitos T e afetam prioritariamente o trato gastrointestinal, como a Síndrome da enterocolite induzida por proteína alimentar (FPIES), Síndrome da proctocolite alérgica induzida por proteína alimentar (FPIAP), Síndrome da enteropatia induzida por proteína alimentar (FPE) e doença celíaca. As características destas reações podem ser diferenciadas por sua apresentação clínica, gravidade, idade de início e história natural. Entre as reações alérgicas aos alimentos não IgE mediadas, a proctocolite alérgica é a mais frequente. Geralmente ocorre no primeiro ano de vida e apresenta excelente prognóstico. Embora costume ter um curso benigno, traz grande preocupação aos cuidadores por frequentemente cursar com quadro de hematoquezia exigindo diagnóstico diferencial adequado. O conhecimento e manejo da proctocolite alérgica é de suma importância para a prática médica em Alergia e Imunologia. Seu diagnóstico é baseado na história clínica seguindo-se dieta de exclusão, especialmente do leite de vaca, com subsequente provocação oral, que geralmente pode ser realizada no domicílio. O diagnóstico preciso é importante, para se evitar dietas de exclusão desnecessárias. Nesta revisão foram utilizados artigos publicados nos últimos anos, com busca realizada através da base PubMed envolvendo revisões, diagnóstico e tratamento de alergias não IgE mediadas, com foco em proctocolite alérgica.
An increase in the worldwide prevalence of food allergies has been observed in the past decades, currently affecting 6% of children. This increase has been associated with the interaction between genetic, environmental, and immune response factors and can be observed in IgE, non-IgE, and mixed mediated reactions. Non-IgE mediated food allergies result from delayed-type hypersensitivity and mostly affect the gastrointestinal tract, such as food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE), and celiac disease. These reactions can be differentiated by their clinical presentation, severity, age at onset, and natural history. Among non-IgE-mediated allergic reactions to food, allergic proctocolitis is the most frequent. It usually develops in the first year of life and has excellent prognosis. Although it has a benign course, allergic proctocolitis is challenging for health care professionals because it often presents with hematochezia, requiring an accurate differential diagnosis. Knowledge and management of allergic proctocolitis is of paramount importance for medical practice in allergy and immunology. Its diagnosis is based on clinical history followed by elimination diet, especially cow's milk, with subsequent oral food challenge, which may usually be performed at home. Accurate diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary elimination diets. For this review, PubMed database was searched for recently published literature reviews and studies on the diagnosis and treatment of non- IgE mediated allergies, with a focus on allergic proctocolitis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Proctocolitis , Food Hypersensitivity , Therapeutics , Immunoglobulin E , T-Lymphocytes , Celiac Disease , Prevalence , Milk Hypersensitivity , PubMed , Gastrointestinal Tract , Diagnosis, Differential , Allergy and Immunology , Gastrointestinal HemorrhageABSTRACT
A resposta imune desenvolvida pelo hospedeiro contra o Mycobacterium tuberculosis é considerada de natureza complexa e multifacetada. Esta interação bacilo-hospedeiro resulta, na maioria das vezes, em uma infecção latente assintomática, podendo ou não evoluir para a forma ativa da tuberculose (TB). O presente estudo objetivou atualizar e sumarizar o conhecimento científico acerca dos mecanismos imunológicos associados à infecção e sua progressão para a TB ativa. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, realizada a partir do levantamento bibliográfico de artigos científicos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE e SciELO, nos últimos 20 anos. Nas últimas décadas, a caracterização de linfócitos Tγδ, MAIT, iNKT e outra células T CD1 restritas proporcionaram um maior entendimento do papel da imunidade inata na infecção pelo bacilo. A migração de linfócitos T CD4+ produtores de IFN-g, TNF-α e de outras moléculas solúveis, promove o recrutamento e formação do granuloma, estrutura que beneficia tanto o hospedeiro quanto o bacilo. Eventualmente, um desequilíbrio nesta complexa rede de interação, resulta em uma resposta inflamatória exacerbada que contribui para o desenvolvimento de um granuloma necrótico. Por fim, a exaustão da resposta imune local frente à contínua exposição ao bacilo, associada ao perfil anti-inflamatório dos linfócitos Th2 e linfócitos Treg, favorecem a inativação funcional e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento da doença ativa. A resposta imunológica é crucial para o desenvolvimento da infecção por M. tuberculosis. Portanto, estudos que possibilitem uma maior compreensão sobre a interação bacilohospedeiro podem viabilizar o desenvolvimento de novos métodos diagnósticos, estratégias terapêuticas e, sobretudo, avanços no desenvolvimento de imunobiológicos.
The immune response developed by the host against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered a complex and multifaceted nature. This host-bacillus interaction, which in most cases results in an asymptomatic latent infection that may or may not evolve to the development of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The present study aimed to update and summarize the current scientific knowledge regarding the immunological mechanisms associated with infection and the development of active disease. This is a narrative review, based on scientific articles indexed in the PubMed/ MEDLINE and SciELO databases over the last 20 years. In recent decades, the characterization of Tγδ lymphocytes, MAIT, iNKT and CD1-restricted T cells has provided a better understanding of the role of innate immunity in bacilli infection. The migration of T CD4+ lymphocytes that produce IFN-γ, TNF-α and other soluble molecules, promotes the recruitment and formation of the granuloma, a structure that benefits both the host and the bacillus. Eventually, an imbalance in this complex interaction network results in an exacerbated inflammatory response that contributes to the development of a necrotic granuloma. Finally, exhaustion of the local immune response due to continuous exposure to the bacillus, associated with the anti-inflammatory profile of Th2 lymphocytes and Treg lymphocytes, favor functional inactivation and, consequently, the development of active disease. The immune response is crucial for the development of M. tuberculosis infection. Therefore, studies that enable a greater understanding of the hostbacillus interaction may enable the development of new diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies and, above all, advances in the development of immunobiologicals.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Immunity , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Therapeutics , T-Lymphocytes , CD4 Antigens , Health Strategies , PubMed , Allergy and Immunology , GranulomaABSTRACT
A pandemia de COVID-19 deu ao mundo uma imagem clara do que é uma crise multidimensional em escala planetária, revelando o papel central que ocupa o setor de saúde e as profundas desigualdades no acesso aos cuidados em saúde que existem entre os diferentes países, e dentro de cada um deles. Melhorar os efeitos ambientais do setor e reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa pode não apenas melhorar a saúde de todos, mas também reduzir os custos com os cuidados em saúde. O setor de saúde de cada país libera direta e indiretamente gases de efeito estufa ao fornecer seus serviços e ao comprar produtos, serviços e tecnologias em uma cadeia de fornecimento de carbono intensivo. Educar os profissionais de saúde mais profundamente sobre os efeitos das mudanças climáticas pode levar a práticas clínicas mais sustentáveis, melhorando os resultados para os pacientes e fornecendo um impulso substancial para aumentar os esforços para reduzir as emissões de carbono. O setor da saúde deve assumir a responsabilidade por sua pegada climática respondendo à crescente emergência climática, não apenas prestando assistência aos doentes, feridos ou moribundos como resultado da crise climática e suas causas, mas também fazendo a prevenção primária e reduzindo drasticamente suas próprias emissões.
The COVID-19 pandemic has painted a clear picture of what a multidimensional planetary crisis is, revealing the central role played by the health sector and the deep inequalities in access to health care that exist between and within each country. Decreasing the environmental effects of the health sector and reducing greenhouse gas emission may not only improve people's health, but also reduce health care costs. The health care sectors around the world directly and indirectly release greenhouse gases by providing their services and purchasing products, services, and technologies within a carbon-intensive supply chain. Further educating health care professionals about the effects of climate change may lead to more sustainable clinical practices, improving patient outcomes and providing substantial impetus to increased efforts to reduce carbon emission. The health sector must take responsibility for its climate footprint by responding to the growing climate emergency not only by assisting the sick, injured, or dying from the climate crisis, but also by doing primary prevention and drastically reducing its own carbon emission.
Subject(s)
Humans , Climate Change , Environmental Health , COVID-19 , Patients , Primary Prevention , Carbon , Health , Health Care Costs , Climate , Health Personnel , Greenhouse Effect , PubMed , Greenhouse Gases , Pandemics , Health Services AccessibilityABSTRACT
La viruela símica es una enfermedad que ocurre en los monos, sin embargo también se han presentado casos en humanos desde 1970, transformándose en una zoonosis de origen viral, la sintomatología es similar a la viruela pero menos grave. Objetivo: Proporcionar información actualizada sobre la viruela símica, situación epidemiológica, sintomatología, letalidad, diagnóstico, tratamiento y medidas de prevención Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura científica en las bases de datos Organización Mundial de la Salud, Google Académico y PubMed, se eligieron los descriptores o palabras relacionadas con la enfermedad y se realizó la búsqueda para la descripción de reportes de casos y brotes producidas por la viruela símica. Resultados: Desde que se reportó el primer caso en humanos, han existido brotes en el continente africano, fuera de éste, se han reportados varios casos y brotes en otros países, la mayoría en los Estados Unidos. El último evento se reporta en mayo de 2022 y es de preocupación mundial, debido a la aparición en varios países no endémicos. Conclusiones: La presencia de casos de viruela símica en humanos se ha mantenido desde su aparición, la ausencia de un tratamiento específico y vacunas autorizadas para su administración, podrían generar un aumento en la morbimortalidad(AU)
Monkeypox is a disease that occurs in monkeys, however there have also been cases in humans since 1970, becoming a zoonosis of viral origin, the symptoms are similar to smallpox but less severe. Objective: To provide updated information on monkeypox, epidemiological situation, symptomatology, lethality, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures. Materials and methods: A search of scientific literature was carried out in the World Health Organization, Google Scholar and PubMed databases. , the descriptors or words related to the disease were chosen and the search was performed for the description of case reports and outbreaks caused by monkeypox. Results: Since the first human case was reported, there have been outbreaks on the African continent, outside of Africa, several cases and outbreaks have been reported in other countries, most in the United States. The last event is reported in May 2022 and is of global concern, due to the appearance in several non-endemic countries. Conclusions: The presence of cases of monkeypox in humans has been maintained since its appearance, the absence of a specific treatment and vaccines authorized for its administration, could generate an increase in morbidity and mortality(AU)
Subject(s)
World Health Organization , Disease Outbreaks , PubMed , Mpox (monkeypox)/diagnosis , Therapeutics , Vaccines , Epidemiology , Mortality , Viral ZoonosesABSTRACT
Introducción: Los hijos de madres con diabetes presentan una mayor incidencia de trastornos del neurodesarrollo como autismo, actividad cognitiva baja, déficit de atención, esquizofrenia y otras enfermedades del espectro autista. Objetivo: Explicar los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen en la aparición de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo en hijos de gestantes con diabetes. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión de la literatura que aparece en las bases de datos electrónicas Google, MEDLINE/PubMed y SciELO. Se revisaron artículos publicados entre los años 2000 y 2020. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: hiperglucemia, neurodesarrollo, malformaciones congénitas y epigenética. Resultados: Se pone de manifiesto el alto riesgo que representa la hiperglucemia durante el desarrollo intrauterino. El riesgo relativo que tienen los hijos de madres con diabetes pregestacional de presentar malformaciones del sistema nerviosos central es 15,5 veces mayor que en gestantes sin diabetes. El hipocampo es especialmente sensible a cambios en los niveles de glucosa. La diabetes materna puede dejar una impronta negativa para la capacidad de procesar información, adquirir habilidades y poseer un comportamiento social adecuado en la descendencia. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones en el metabolismo condicionadas por la hiperglucemia, el estrés oxidativo, la inflamación de bajo grado y las modificaciones epigenéticas crean un fatal engranaje que sustenta el desarrollo anómalo en hijos de gestantes con diabetes(AU)
Introduction: Children, whose mothers suffer from diabetes, have higher incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, low cognitive activity, attention deficit, schizophrenia and other autism spectrum diseases. Objective: To explain the molecular mechanisms that underlie the appearance of neurodevelopmental disorders in children of pregnant women with diabetes. Methods: A review of the literature that appears in Google, MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO electronic databases, was carried out. Articles published from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed. The keywords used were hyperglycemia, neurodevelopment, congenital malformations, and epigenetics. Results: The high risk that hyperglycemia represents during intrauterine development is highlighted. The relative risk that children of mothers with pregestational diabetes have of presenting malformations of the central nervous system is 15.5 times higher than in pregnant women without diabetes. The hippocampus is especially sensitive to changes in glucose levels. Maternal diabetes can leave negative print on the ability to process information, acquire skills and have appropriate social behavior in their children. Conclusions: Alterations in metabolism conditioned by hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation and epigenetic modifications create a fatal mechanism that supports abnormal development in children of pregnant women with diabetes(AU)