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3.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-928477

ABSTRACT

Trauma-induced pulmonary thromboembolism is the second leading cause of death in severe trauma patients. Primary fibrinolytic hyperactivity combined with hemorrhage and consequential hypercoagulability in severe trauma patients create a huge challenge for clinicians. It is crucial to ensure a safe anticoagulant therapy for trauma patients, but a series of clinical issues need to be answered first, for example, what are the risk factors for traumatic venous thromboembolism? How to assess and determine the status of coagulation dysfunction of patients? When is the optimal timing to initiate pharmacologic prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism? What types of prophylactic agents should be used? How to manage the anticoagulation-related hemorrhage and to determine the optimal timing of restarting chemoprophylaxis? The present review attempts to answer the above questions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Hemorrhage , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control
4.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2022. 199 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1398657

ABSTRACT

A trombose venosa profunda (TVP) e o tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) são as principais manifestações clínicas do tromboembolismo venoso (TEV). O TEV é uma complicação comum e potencialmente grave das cirurgias ortopédicas, uma vez que pode levar à limitação funcional e morte pós-operatória. O uso da tromboprofilaxia reduz acentuadamente a incidência de TEV relacionado às intervenções ortopédicas, e seu uso é recomendado por diversas diretrizes. Entretanto, a indicação e o tipo de tromboprofilaxia para algumas intervenções ortopédicas, assim como o uso de ferramentas de predição de risco, ainda não estão bem estabelecidos e constituem pontos de debate. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar os fatores de risco para TEV e suas interações nas cirurgias ortopédicas e avaliar a aplicabilidade do escore de risco de Caprini na predição de TEV em pacientes ortopédicos. Além disso, devido à escassez de conhecimento e recomendações sobre tromboprofilaxia nas intervenções ortopédicas de tornozelo e pé, realizaram-se uma revisão narrativa e uma enquete internacional sobre o assunto. Para analisar a interação de fatores de risco de TEV e a aplicabilidade preditiva do escore de Caprini nas cirurgias ortopédicas, foram utilizados os dados do Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of risk factors for venous thrombosis (MEGA), um estudo caso-controle holandês de base populacional cujo desfecho de interesse é o TEV. Neste, 263 indivíduos que tiveram TEV e 94 controles foram submetidos à cirurgia ortopédica. O risco de TEV foi maior nos primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia [odds ratio ajustada (ORadj) 17,5; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%, 9,2-33,4] e manteve-se aumentado até 90 dias (ORadj 11,5; IC 95%, 7,3-17,7). Houve interação entre cirurgia ortopédica e mutação fator V Leiden (ORadj 17,5; IC 95%, 4,1-73,6), tipo de sangue não-O (ORadj 11,2; 95% IC, 3,4-34,0) e níveis séricos de fator VIII maiores que 150 mg/dl (ORadj 18,6; IC, 7,4-46,9). Quanto ao escore de Caprini, foram avaliados 357 indivíduos com TEV submetidos à cirurgia ortopédica. Um total de 20,9% dos casos e 41,5% dos controles foram classificados no grupo de menor risco (Caprini < 5 pontos). Pacientes com um escore de Caprini maior que 11 pontos tiveram um risco de TEV seis vezes maior (OR 6,3; IC 95%, 1,7-22,9), e pacientes com um escore de 9 a 10 tiveram um risco três vezes maior (OR 3,5; IC 95% 1,2-10,3). A área sob a curva (AUC) do escore de Caprini foi de 0,64, evidenciando uma discriminação de predição de TEV moderada. Na enquete internacional sobre tromboprofilaxia de pé e tornozelo, 693 cirurgiões ortopédicos de pé e tornozelo de 49 países participaram. Aproximadamente 50% informaram prescrever tromboprofilaxia durante a imobilização do paciente. Quando utilizada, as escolhas preferidas em ordem decrescente foram ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS), heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM) e anticoagulantes orais diretos. AAS e HBPM foram predominantemente prescritos na América do Norte e Europa, respectivamente. TVP prévia, imobilidade, obesidade e trombofilia hereditária foram considerados os principais fatores de risco indicativos do uso de tromboprofilaxia. Concluiu-se que: houve risco aumentado de TEV e interação entre os fatores de risco fator V Leiden, níveis elevados de fator VIII e grupo sanguíneo não- O com cirurgia ortopédica; o escore de Caprini é uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar os cirurgiões ortopédicos a classificarem o risco de TEV no pós-operatório, embora seu desempenho preditivo discriminativo tenha sido moderado; apesar de a maioria dos cirurgiões ortopédicos de tornozelo e pé considerarem que a tromboprofilaxia está indicada para cirurgias de tornozelo e pé (principalmente na presença de fatores de risco como TVP prévia, imobilidade, obesidade e trombofilia hereditária), a prescrição, o tipo e a duração apresentam grande discrepância intercontinental. Assim, este trabalho contribui para a identificação de pacientes sob alto risco de TEV, ponto estratégico para o uso individualizado e seguro da tromboprofilaxia como ferramenta para redução do risco de TEV relacionado às cirurgias ortopédicas.


Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism are the main clinical manifestations of venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is a common and potentially serious complication of orthopedic surgeries, as it can lead to functional limitation and postoperative death. The use of thromboprophylaxis markedly reduces the incidence of VTE related to orthopedic interventions, and its use is recommended by several guidelines. However, the indication and type of thromboprophylaxis for some orthopedic interventions, as well as the use of risk prediction tools are still not well established and is debatable. The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for VTE and their interactions in orthopedic surgeries and to evaluate the applicability of the Caprini risk score in predicting VTE in orthopedic patients. In addition, due to the lack of knowledge and recommendations on thromboprophylaxis in foot and ankle surgeries, a narrative review and an international survey on the subject were carried out. Data from the MEGA Study (Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of risk factors for venous thrombosis) which is a Dutch population-based case-control study whose outcome of interest is VTE were used. A total of 263 subjects who had VTE and 94 controls underwent orthopedic surgery. The risk of VTE was the highest in the first 30 days after surgery (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] 17.5; 95% CI [confidence interval], 9.2-33.4) and remained increased up to 90 days (ORadj, 11.5; 95% CI, 7.3- 17.7). There was interaction between orthopedic surgery and factor V Leiden mutation (ORadj 17.5, 95%CI 4.1-73.6), non-O blood type (ORadj 11.2; 95%CI 3.4-34.0) and factor VIII plasma levels greater than 150 mg/dl (ORadj 18.6; CI 7.4-46.9). To assess the applicability of the Caprini Score, 357 individuals with VTE undergoing orthopedic surgery in the MEGA were evaluated. A total of 20.9% of cases and 41.5% of controls were classified in the lowest risk group (Caprini <5 points). Patients with a Caprini score greater than 11 points had a six-fold increased risk of VTE (OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.7- 22.9) and patients with a score of 9-10 had about three-fold increased risk (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2-10.3). The area under curve for the Caprini score was 0.64, evidencing a moderate VTE prediction discrimination. In the international survey on foot and ankle thromboprophylaxis, 693 orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons from 49 countries participated. Approximately 50% reported prescribing thromboprophylaxis during patient immobilization that, when used, the preferred choice, in descending order, was acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and direct oral anticoagulants. ASA and LMWH were predominantly prescribed in North America and Europe, respectively. Previous DVT, immobility, obesity and hereditary thrombophilia were considered the main risk factors indicative of the use of thromboprophylaxis. It is concluded that there was increased risk of VTE and interaction between factor V Leiden, high plasma levels of factor VIII or non-O blood group and orthopedic surgery; that the Caprini score is a tool that can help orthopedic surgeons to classify the risk of postoperative VTE, although its discriminative predictive performance was moderate and that although most ankle and foot orthopedic surgeons consider that thromboprophylaxis is indicated for ankle and foot surgeries (especially in the presence of risk factors such as previous DVT, immobility, obesity and hereditary thrombophilia), the prescription, type and duration present a large intercontinental discrepancy. Thus, this work contributed to the identification of patients at high risk of VTE, a strategic point for the individualized and safe use of thromboprophylaxis as a tool to reduce the risk of VTE related to orthopedic surgeries.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Venous Thrombosis , Venous Thromboembolism , Academic Dissertation , Venous Thrombosis/prevention & control , Orthopedic Surgeons
5.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 73(2): 166-172, abr. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388810

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El tromboembolismo pulmonar sin tratamiento, presenta un riesgo de recurrencia del 20%, con una mortalidad del 18% al 26%, en pacientes con embolia pulmonar donde esta contraindica o fracasa la anticoagulación, es necesario interrumpir parcialmente la vena cava inferior, siendo los filtros de vena cava la alternativa más utilizada. Objetivo: Analizar las variables epidemiológicas involucradas en la enfermedad tromboembólica y los resultados de la inserción del filtro de vena cava inferior. Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y descriptivo, donde se analiza la inserción sucesiva de 82 filtros de vena cava inferior, en un período de 10 años (2009 al 2019), en el Hospital Dr. Eduardo Pereira de Valparaíso, Chile. Resultados: Sexo femenino 53,6%, edad promedio 60,4 años (rango 19-86), la principal causa para desarrollar enfermedad tromboembólica fueron las enfermedades oncológicas (56,09%), la principal vía de acceso fue la vena femoral común (69,51%), localización del filtro suprarrenal (4,87%), se obtuvo un seguimiento actualizado en el 89,02%, la supervivencia a 5 años fue de 73,17% y a 10 años de 57,32%, morbilidad en relación al procedimiento (9,75%), éxito del procedimiento (97,5%), no hubo mortalidad relacionada. Discusión: Los grandes ensayos, demuestran el beneficio de la interrupción de la vena cava inferior mediante filtros, especialmente en pacientes oncológicos, con elevado riesgo de embolia pulmonar. Conclusión: La inserción de un filtro de vena cava inferior, adecuadamente indicado, es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo, de bajo riesgo y con excelentes resultados en la profilaxis de la embolia pulmonar.


Introduction: Pulmonary thromboembolism without treatment presents a risk of recurrence of 20%, with a mortality of 18% to 26%. In patients with pulmonary embolism, when anticoagulation therapy is contraindicated or failed, it is necessary to intervene partially the inferior vena cava on which cava vein filters are the main used alternative. Aim: Analyze the epidemiological variables involved on thromboembolic disease, and the outcomes of the inferior vena cava filter insertions. Materials and Method: Retrospective, observational and descriptive study, which analyzes the successive insertion of 82 inferior vena cava filters, over a period of 10 years (2009 to 2019), in the Dr. Eduardo Pereira Hospital, Valparaíso, Chile. Results: Female sex 53.6%, average age 60.4 years (range 19-86), the main cause to develop thromboembolic disease were oncological diseases (56.09%); the main access path was the common femoral vein (69.51%); in a 4.87% the location of the filter was suprarenal. Complete follow-up was obtained in 89.02% of the cases, 5-year survival with 73.17% ratio and 10-years survival of 57.32%, morbidity in relation to the procedure was 9.75%; success of the procedure 97.5%; there was no mortality related. Discussion: Large studies demonstrate the benefits of interruption on the inferior vena cava through filters, especially in cancer patients with high risk of pulmonary embolism. Conclusion: The insertion of an inferior vena cava filter when indication is adequate, is a minimally invasive procedure with low risk and excellent results in the prophylaxis of pulmonary embolism.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Vena Cava, Inferior/physiopathology , Vena Cava, Inferior/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies
6.
J. Vasc. Bras. (Online) ; J. vasc. bras;20: e20200109, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1250243

ABSTRACT

Resumo O tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) é uma das principais causas preveníveis de morbimortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados, sendo a embolia pulmonar (EP) fatal possivelmente a sua primeira manifestação. Diretrizes nacionais e internacionais recomendam o uso de modelos de avaliação de risco para a prescrição de profilaxia do TEV em pacientes hospitalizados. Apesar das evidências e diretrizes de apoio, o uso da tromboprofilaxia permanece abaixo do ideal, o que pode resultar da baixa conscientização dos benefícios da profilaxia, mas também pode refletir o medo de complicações hemorrágicas, justificando a subutilização da tromboprofilaxia em todo o mundo. A avaliação do risco de sangramento é, portanto, necessária para a adequação de profilaxia e deve ser realizada de forma concomitante à avaliação do risco de trombose. O objetivo desta revisão é salientar a importância da avaliação conjunta do risco de TEV e do risco de sangramento em pacientes hospitalizados.


Abstract Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the main preventable causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients and fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) may be its first manifestation. Several national and international guidelines recommend using risk assessment models for prescription of VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized patients. Despite evidence and guidelines supporting VTE prevention, use of VTE prophylaxis in hospitalized patients remains suboptimal, which may be because of low awareness of the benefits of VTE prophylaxis, but might also reflect fear of bleeding complications in these patients, since this constitutes one of the main reasons for underutilization of thromboprophylaxis worldwide. Bleeding risk assessment is therefore necessary for adequate prophylaxis prescription and should be carried out concurrently with assessment of the risk of thrombosis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of jointly assessing risk of VTE and risk of bleeding in hospitalized patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Thrombosis/prevention & control , Risk Assessment , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Antibodies, Antiphospholipid , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Patient Safety , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Hemorrhage
7.
J. Vasc. Bras. (Online) ; J. vasc. bras;20: e20200203, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279399

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Prothrombotic states have been associated with viral infections and the novel Sars-COV-2 infection has been associated with elevated D-dimer levels, although no causal relation has been clearly established. Objectives This study presents an epidemiological analysis of manifest VTE episodes in a group of patients hospitalized because of COVID-19. Methods Medical records of patients who presented symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism in concomitance with confirmed COVID-19 were retrospectively studied. Demographic characteristics, prevalence of VTE, site of occurrence, D-dimer variation over time, management, and outcomes were analyzed. Results During the study period, 484 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were admitted, 64 of which displayed VTE symptoms and 13 of which had confirmed symptomatic VTE(2.68% of total sample and 20.31% of symptomatic cases). Most cases (76.92%) occurred in intensive care. On the day attributed to VTE onset, D-dimer levels were over 3,000 ng/mL in 8 (80%) patients, a significant increase from baseline admission levels (p < 0.05). A significant decrease was also observed in D-dimer values at hospital discharge (p < 0.05). All patients received pharmacological thromboprophylaxis and/or anticoagulation as indicated. Two deaths occurred during the study, both patients with severe comorbidities. At the end of our study protocol, nine patients had been discharged and two remained hospitalized, but had no signs of VTE worsening. Conclusions VTE prevalence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 2.7%, and higher in intensive care units. Early institution of prophylaxis and immediate full anticoagulation when VTE is diagnosed should be the goals of those who treat this kind of patient.


Resumo Contexto Os estados pró-trombóticos têm sido associados a infecções virais. A nova infecção pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave do coronavírus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sabidamente eleva os níveis de D-dímero, embora a relação causal não tenha sido bem estabelecida. Objetivos Este estudo apresenta uma análise epidemiológica de episódios sintomáticos de tromboembolismo em um grupo de pacientes hospitalizados pela doença do novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes internados por COVID-19 que apresentaram trombose venosa profunda e/ou embolia pulmonar sintomáticas. Foram avaliados os dados demográficos, a prevalência de tromboembolismo, a variação do D-dímero ao longo do tempo, o manejo e os desfechos. Resultados Dos 484 casos confirmados de COVID-19 admitidos entre março e julho de 2020, 64 apresentaram sintomas de tromboembolismo, que foram investigados, e 13 tiveram tromboembolismo confirmado (2,68% do total e 20,31% dos sintomáticos). A maioria dos casos ocorreu em regime de terapia intensiva (76,92%). Houve um aumento significativo no número de pacientes com D-dímero acima de 3.000 ng/mL no dia atribuído ao diagnóstico de tromboembolismo com relação aos níveis do momento da admissão (80%, p < 0,05).Uma queda significativa de pacientes nesse limiar também foi observada no momento da alta (p < 0,05). Todos os pacientes receberam tromboprofilaxia ou anticoagulação conforme indicado. Houve dois óbitos na amostra, ambos pacientes com comorbidades severas. Ao fim do protocolo, nove pacientes receberam alta e dois permaneceram hospitalizados, mas sem sinais de piora. Conclusões A prevalência de tromboembolismo em pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 foi de 2,7%, sendo mais frequente em regime de terapia intensiva. A instituição precoce de profilaxia e anticoagulação imediata ao diagnóstico é primordial nesse grupo de pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Venous Thrombosis/complications , COVID-19/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Pulmonary Embolism/epidemiology , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Venous Thrombosis/prevention & control , Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy , Venous Thrombosis/epidemiology , Critical Care , COVID-19/drug therapy , Intensive Care Units
8.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 22(3): e752,
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1144538

ABSTRACT

El síndrome antifosfolipídico o de Hughes, como también se le conoce, puede aparecer de manera aislada o asociado a otras enfermedades autoinmunes como el lupus eritematoso sistémico. La asociación de ambas entidades puede causar varias complicaciones, como el tromboembolismo pulmonar. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 28 años de edad, con antecedentes de abortos a repetición y óbito fetal, ingresada en esta ocasión, debido a una trombosis venosa profunda del miembro superior derecho, confirmada mediante ecografía Doppler. Se comprobó el diagnóstico de síndrome antifosfolipídico secundario a lupus eritematoso sistémico, sustentado por los elementos clínicos e inmunitarios presentes. La paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente, con el protocolo terapéutico empleado en fase aguda: heparina de bajo peso molecular del tipo clexane (enoxaparina) 1 mg/kg cada 12 h y dicumarínicos del tipo warfarina 5 mg con una razón normalizada internacional (INR) de 3. Se mantiene actualmente con una dosis de 10 mg/día e hidroxicloroquina 200 mg diarios. Conclusiones: Se resalta la importancia de diagnosticar el síndrome antifosfolipídico, ante toda paciente con abortos espontáneos o muertes perinatales inexplicables. El tratamiento debe ser multidisciplinario y se debe realizar una búsqueda sistemática de afecciones secundarias (particularmente enfermedades difusas del tejido conectivo) antes de calificar al síndrome como primario(AU)


The antiphospholipid or Hughes syndrome, as it is also known, can appear in isolation or in association with other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. The association of both entities can cause various complications, such as pulmonary thromboembolism. We present the case of a 28-year-old patient, with a history of repeated abortions and stillbirth, admitted on this occasion due to deep vein thrombosis of the right upper limb, confirmed by Doppler ultrasound. The diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus was confirmed, supported by the clinical and immune elements present. The patient evolved satisfactorily, with the therapeutic protocol used in the acute phase, where she initially received treatment with low molecular weight heparin of the type clexane (enoxaparin) 1 mg x kg every 12 hours, and discoumarin drugs of the warfarin type, which she currently maintains at a 5mg dose with an INR of 3. Initially prednisone was placed at a dose of 1mg x kg with good therapeutic response, currently maintaining a 10mg dose. He is also currently on hydroxychloroquine 200 mg daily. Conclusions: The importance of diagnosing the antiphospholipid syndrome is highlighted in all patients with spontaneous abortions or unexplained perinatal deaths. Treatment should be multidisciplinary and a systematic search for secondary conditions (particularly diffuse connective tissue diseases) should be conducted before qualifying the syndrome as primary(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Autoimmune Diseases/complications , Abortion, Spontaneous/etiology , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use
9.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; Arch. cardiol. Méx;90(1): 24-34, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131002

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Fast-track worldwide reperfusion programs improve outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction and stroke. Similar programs called Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) focus on submassive and massive pulmonary embolism (PE) excluding deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods: PREVENTION-team (Hospital Zambrano Hellion Venous Thromboembolism [VTE] Rapid Response). Primary objective: Fast-track stratification, diagnostics, and treatment (60-90 min) to improve proximal DVT and submassive and massive PE patients care. Secondary objectives: Increase diagnosis rate of low-risk PE and distal DVT; exploration of cause; long-term anticoagulation; identify high-risk profile for chronic complications; community-based support groups and patient education to extend the concept of the thrombosis-free hospital to thrombosis-free home. Structure and organization: The team includes cardiologists, vascular medicine, angiologist, echocardiographer, cardiovascular imaging, and interventional cardiologists. The team will be accessible 24 h a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year, and base on previous national experience. The cardiology fellow on call will be responsible for activation and evaluation. We will design several tools to accelerate these processes. Risk stratification and therapeutic approach will be based on clinical presentation, echocardiogram, and biomarkers findings. According to PERT stratification based on resources and medical specialties, Hospital Zambrano Hellion has level 1 PERT. PREVENTION-team links physicians with different expertise, provide fast, efficient, and time-saving treatment, potentially saving lives and reducing bleeding and chronic complications in VTE patients. Finally, establishing a network in our hospital and health system to improve VTE patients care. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first rapid response team focused on VTE in Mexico.


Resumen Antecedentes: Programas de reperfusión mejoraron la evolución en infarto con elevación del ST y accidente cerebrovascular embólico. Programas similares llamados PERT para TEP masiva o submasiva excluyen TVP. Métodos: Equipo PREVENTION (Hospital Zambrano Hellion Venous Thromboembolism Rapid Response). Objetivo primario: Estratificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento acelerado (60-90 minutos) para mejorar atención del TVP proximal y TEP masiva o submasiva. Objetivos secundarios: Incrementar diagnóstico de TEP de riesgo bajo y TVP distal; explorar causa; anticoagulación a largo plazo; perfil de riesgo alto para complicaciones crónicas; grupos de soporte en la comunidad y educación para pacientes, y extender el concepto de hospital libre de trombosis a hogar libre de trombosis. Estructura y organización: Incluye cardiólogos, medicina vascular, angiólogo, ecocardiografistas, imagen cardiovascular. Basado en experiencia nacional, el equipo estará accesible 24 horas del día, siete días de la semana, 365 días del año. El residente de cardiología realizará la activación y estratificación. Diseñamos herramientas para acelerar el proceso. La estratificación de riesgo y el abordaje terapéutico se basará en presentación clínica, hallazgos ecocardiograficos y biomarcadores. El Hospital Zambrano Hellion tiene nivel PERT 1 de acuerdo a la estratificación PERT basada en recursos y especialidades. Equipo-PREVENTION en TEV vincula médicos con diferentes capacidades, ofrece rápido y eficiente tratamiento para preservar vidas y reducir complicaciones hemorrágicas y crónicas. En nuestro hospital y sistema de salud establecer una sólida red de trabajo para mejorar la atención. Hasta nuestro conocimiento, en México este podría ser el primer equipo de respuesta rápida enfocado en TEV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Venous Thrombosis/prevention & control , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Hospital Rapid Response Team/organization & administration , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Time Factors , Risk Factors , Venous Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Patient Care/methods , Mexico
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; Medicina (B.Aires);80(1): 69-80, feb. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1125039

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV) en adultos hospitalizados posee elevada morbimortalidad, es origen de complicaciones crónicas y determina incrementos de costos para el sistema de salud. Desde la publicación de recomendaciones de tromboprofilaxis en pacientes internados en 2013, han surgido nuevas alternativas y estrategias, que nos motivaron a actualizar nuestras recomendaciones. A pesar de que existen diferentes consensos y guías de práctica clínica la adherencia a las mismas es subóptima. Se han actualizado las diferentes alternativas terapéuticas para los adultos hospitalizados (clínicos no quirúrgicos, quirúrgicos no ortopédicos, con y sin cáncer, ortopédicos y embarazadas), poniendo particular atención en los fármacos disponibles en Argentina.


Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) in hospitalized adults has high morbidity and mortality, is the origin of chronic complications and increased cost for the health system. Since the publication of recommendations for thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients in 2013, new alternatives and strategies have emerged, which motivated us to update our recommendations. Although there are different consensus and clinical practice guidelines, adherence to them is suboptimal. The different therapeutic alternatives for hospitalized adult patients (non-surgical, surgical non-orthopedic, with and without cancer, orthopedic an d pregnant) have been updated, paying particular attention to the drugs available in Argentina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/standards , Anticoagulants/administration & dosage , Argentina , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment
11.
J. Vasc. Bras. (Online) ; J. vasc. bras;19: e20190148, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1135107

ABSTRACT

Resumo Nos países que controlaram as causas clássicas de óbito materno, como eclâmpsia e hemorragia, o tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) passou a ser a principal preocupação. A prevenção do TEV na gestação e no puerpério, por meio de diretrizes e da instituição de farmacoprofilaxia, é ainda a melhor estratégia para reduzir essa complicação. Os contraceptivos hormonais e a terapia de reposição hormonal também aumentam o risco de TEV; porém, as mulheres não podem ser privadas dos benefícios dessas terapias, que as tornam mais livres na idade fértil e menos sintomáticas na menopausa. Tanto o uso indiscriminado quanto a proibição imotivada são inadequados. A escolha dos métodos contraceptivos e de reposição deve ser feita por criteriosa seleção, avaliando as contraindicações, os critérios de elegibilidade e a autonomia das pacientes. O presente artigo apresenta uma revisão não sistemática da literatura recente visando a avaliar e resumir a associação entre TEV e situações clínicas peculiares ao sexo feminino.


Abstract In countries that have controlled classic causes of maternal death, such as eclampsia and hemorrhage, venous thromboembolism (VTE) has become the major concern. Prevention of VTE during pregnancy and postpartum by applying guidelines and implementing pharmacoprophylaxis is still the best strategy to reduce occurrence of this complication. Hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy also increase the risk of VTE, but women cannot be deprived of their benefits, which increase their freedom at childbearing age and reduce their symptoms at menopause. Both indiscriminate use and unmotivated prohibition are inappropriate. Contraceptive and hormone replacement methods should be chosen with care, evaluating the patients' contraindications, eligibility criteria, and autonomy. This article presents a nonsystematic review of recent literature with the aim of evaluating and summarizing the associations between VTE and clinical situations peculiar to women.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Contraceptive Agents, Female/adverse effects , Venous Thromboembolism/etiology , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Thrombosis/etiology , Thrombosis/prevention & control , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control
12.
Rev. cuba. angiol. cir. vasc ; 19(2)jul.-dic. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-960337

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los filtros de vena cava son dispositivos metálicos diseñados especialmente para ser colocados en la vena cava inferior, ante el riesgo de tromboembolismo pulmonar por trombosis venosa profunda. Objetivo: Mostrar una actualización de las características de los filtros de vena cava y su colocación. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica realizada entre 2010-2016 en las bases de datos: Medline, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, así como en el metabuscador Google. Se consultaron estudios de cohorte, prospectivos, retrospectivos, clínicos, epidemiológicos, metaanálisis, revisiones bibliográficas y ensayos clínicos. Resultados: se describieron y usaron por primera vez en 1967 en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Estos dispositivos se implementan por vía percutánea y producen una interrupción mecánica parcial del flujo sanguíneo de la vena cava inferior. Actualmente, existen filtros de tres tipos: permanentes, temporales y mixtos. El factor más importante de cualquier filtro es el grado de atrapamiento de los coágulos, grado de acceso a la vena cava y de oclusión, riesgo de embolización, grado de integridad mecánica y facilidad para su colocación. Las complicaciones de los filtros pueden ocurrir de modo inmediato o a largo plazo, con un promedio de 0,3 por ciento de complicaciones mayores y menos de 0,2 por ciento de los pacientes fallecen como resultado de la colocación del filtro. Conclusiones: A pesar de su efectividad demostrada, no existen publicaciones en Cuba que avalen su uso. Por su importancia y capacidad resolutiva se sugiere que esta técnica debe comenzarse a aplicar, de manera habitual, en los centros hospitalarios de atención secundaria y terciaria del país(AU)


Introduction: Vena cava filters are special metallic devices designed specially to be placed in the inferior cava vein in view of imminent risk of pulmonary tromboembolism by deep venous thrombosis. Objective: To update the state of vena cava filters and their placement. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out in the years 2010 to 2016 in Medline, Cochrane Library and Lilacs data bases, as well as in Google search engine. There were consulted cohort, prospective, retrospective, clinical and epidemiological studies, meta-analysis, bibliographic reviews and clinical trials. Results: Vena cava filters were described and used for the first time in 1967 in the United States of America. The filters can be placed percutaneously and produce a partial mechanical disruption of the inferior cava vein flow. There are 3 kinds of filters in the market: permanent, temporal and mixed. The key factors of a filter are clot trapping capacity, access to the vena cava and occlusion capacity; also embolization, mechanical integrity grade, and placement feasibility. Complications by the filter may occur immediately or in a long term, with an average of 0, 3 percent in major complications, and less than 0,2 percent of mortality rate due to the placement of the filter. Conclusion: In spite of its proven benefits, there is not existence in Cuba of publications that guarantee its use. Because of its importance and resolvent capacity, it is suggested that this technique should start to be usually used in secondary and tertiary level hospitals in Cuba(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Vena Cava Filters , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Venous Thrombosis/epidemiology
13.
Rev. colomb. obstet. ginecol ; 68(4): 285-304, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | BIGG, LILACS | ID: biblio-900764

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: reducir la variabilidad injustificada y apoyar a los profesionales de la salud con la mejor evidencia en torno a la efectividad y seguridad de las intervenciones disponibles para la prevención de eventos tromboembólicos venosos durante la gestación, el parto o el puerperio, y generar indicadores de implementación para la guía. Materiales y métodos: se configuró el grupo desarrollador en el que participaron profesionales de la salud y un representante de los pacientes. Se formularon preguntas clínicas contestables, se graduaron los desenlaces y se realizó la búsqueda sistemática de guías de práctica clínica. Estas fueron analizadas en términos de su rigor metodológico, y dado que ninguna de ellas fue susceptible de adaptación, se procedió al desarrollo de Novo. Se realizó la búsqueda de revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales en Medline vía PudMed, Embase y Central. La calidad de la evidencia, al igual que la dirección y la fortaleza de las recomendaciones, fueron establecidas según la metodología GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Resultados: se presenta la versión corta de la guía de práctica clínica para "la prevención de eventos tromboembólicos venosos durante la gestación, el parto o el puerperio", con sus respectivas recomendaciones, evidencia de soporte y criterios de auditoría. Conclusión: como recomendación central para la implementación se propone el uso de un instrumento para graduar el riesgo y el uso de intervenciones no farmacológicas y farmacológicas para la prevención primaria. La Guía deberá actualizarse en tres años.


ABSTRACT Objective: To reduce unwarranted variability and support healthcare professionals with the best available evidence regarding effectiveness and safety of the interventions used for the prevention of venous thromboembolic events during pregnancy, childbirth or the postpartum period, and to develop guideline implementation indicators. Materials and methods: The team of developers consisted of healthcare professionals and one patient representative. Answerable clinical questions were asked, outcomes were graded, and a systematic search of clinical practice guidelines was performed. The latter were analysed for methodological quality and when it was found that none of them could be adapted, a de novo development was undertaken. A search was conducted of systematic reviews, clinical trials and observational studies in PubMed, EMBASE and Central. The GRADE methodology (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) was used to graduate the quality of the evidence as well as the direction and strength of the recommendations. Results: The abridged version of the clinical practice guideline for the "prevention of venous thromboembolic events during pregnancy, childbirth or the postpartum period" is presented together with the respective recommendations, supporting evidence and audit criteria. Conclusion: The core recommendation for implementation is the use of a tool to assess risk, as well as pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for primary prevention. The Guideline must be updated in three years.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/prevention & control , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Postpartum Period , Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Obstetric Labor Complications , Risk Factors
15.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig;36(1): 7-10, jan.-mar. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-833538

ABSTRACT

Racional: a obesidade é fenômeno mundial, que aumenta a morbimortalidade e qualidade de vida dos indivíduos afetados. Considerada fator de risco isolado para o desenvolvimento de múltiplas complicações no pós-operatório, tais como trombose venosa profunda (TVP) e tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP). Objetivo: analisar a prevenção de TVP e TEP em 3.199 pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia redutora em Y de Roux (LRYGB) e gastrectomia vertical (GV) laparoscópica no Hospital São José do Avaí, Itaperuna, RJ entre agosto de 1999 e janeiro de 2015. Método: a prevenção de trombose venosa profunda foi realizada através de compressores pneumáticos de membros inferiores (CPIMI) no intraoperatório, associado à deambulação precoce. A profilaxia medicamentosa não foi realizada de rotina, apenas em casos selecionados. Resultados: 0,37% (doze pacientes) evoluíram com TVP dos quais 0,18% (seis pacientes) evoluíram para TEP, com mortalidade de 0,03% (1 paciente), sendo esse por complicações em uma segunda abordagem cirúrgica. Todos os casos foram diagnosticados através dos dados clínicos aliados ao ecodoppler de membros inferiores e à angiotomografia de tórax. Os pacientes foram tratados conservadoramente com infusão de heparina não fracionada na dose padrão. Conclusão: a compressão pneumática intermitente no intraoperatório e deambulação precoce foram benéficas na prevenção do TEP/TVP no pós-operatório como único método profilático. Em casos selecionados é recomendado o uso de heparina profilática.


Rational: obesity is a global phenomenon, which increases the morbidity of an individual's quality of life and increases the mortality risk in people who are affected by this disorder. This is a considered independent risk factor that can cause the development of multiple complications after surgery, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Purpose: the purpose of this study is to analyze the prevention of DVT and PE in 3199 patients that were undergoing gastric bypass (LRYGB) and sleeve Gastrectomy (GV) in the Laparoscopic Hospital in São José do Avai, Itaperuna, RJ, between August 1999 and January 2015. Method: the prevention of deep vein thrombosis was performed using Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) intra-operatively, and was associated with the early ambulation of the patients. Drug prophylaxis is not routinely performed, except in selected cases. Results: out of all the patients, 0.37% (Twelve patients) developed DVT of which six patients evolved TEP with mortality in 1 patient. All the cases were diagnosed by clinical data combined with a Doppler ultra-sound of the lower limbs and the chest CT angiography. The patients were treated conservatively with the infusion of unfractionated heparin in the standard dose. Conclusion: the intermittent pneumatic compression done intra-operatively and the early ambulation were beneficial in the prevention of PE / DVT postoperatively and were the only prophylactic methods used. In selected cases, it is recommended that one use prophylactic heparin.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pulmonary Embolism , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Obesity, Morbid , Gastric Bypass , Gastroplasty , Laparoscopy , Venous Thrombosis , Venous Thrombosis/prevention & control , Bariatric Surgery , Retrospective Studies
16.
J. vasc. bras ; 15(2): 99-105, tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787524

ABSTRACT

Background Pulmonary embolism is an important cause of cardiovascular death. Inferior vena cava filters have been shown to be effective for prevention of this condition. Objectives To determine the safety, performance and efficacy of a new inferior vena cava filter in an ovine model. Methods BKone1 filters are self-centering with over-the-wire deployment, have three filtering regions and are made from nickel-titanium alloy. Eight of these filters were implanted in 8 sheep. The sheep were divided into 4 groups of two animals (A and B) and the number of clots injected differed by group. Two clots were injected in group 2, four in group 3, eight in group 4 and zero clots in group 1. A animals underwent euthanasia soon after the procedure and B animals were observed for 30 days and then euthanized after a control cavography. All inferior vena cavas were processed for histological examination. Clots were prepared in a metal mold, sectioned and then radiopaque markers were inserted. Clot capture was analyzed by identifying the radiopaque marker on fluoroscopy. Results No clot migration was observed during follow-up. Control cavographies showed patent inferior vena cavas. Pathological examination indicated little inflammatory tissue response. All clots were captured in the condition with 2 clots, only one clot was missed in the group injected with 4 clots and in the condition of 8 clots, they were partly captured. Conclusions The filters were deployed safely. There was a reduction in efficacy as the number of blood clots increased.


Contexto Embolia pulmonar é uma importante causa de morte cardiovascular. Filtros de veia cava inferior têm se mostrado efetivos na sua prevenção. Objetivos Determinar a segurança, o desempenho e a eficácia de um novo filtro de veia cava inferior em estudo experimental utilizando modelos ovinos. Métodos Filtros BKone1 são autocentrantes, over-the-wire (OTW), compostos por três regiões de filtragem e construídos em liga de níquel-titânio. Oito filtros foram implantados em oito ovelhas. As ovelhas foram divididas em quatro grupos, de acordo com o número de êmbolos injetados, com dois animais em cada grupo (A e B). Foram injetados dois êmbolos no grupo 2, quatro no grupo 3, oito no grupo 4 e nenhum êmbolo no grupo 1. Os animais denominados A foram submetidos a eutanásia logo após o procedimento e os animais B foram observados por 30 dias, sendo submetidos a eutanásia após a realização de uma cavografia de controle. Após a eutanásia, todos os animais foram submetidos a explante do segmento de veia cava inferior contendo o filtro para análise anatomopatológica. Os êmbolos foram preparados em molde metálico e seccionados, adicionando-se marcadores radiopacos. A retenção dos êmbolos foi constatada através da identificação da marca radiopaca na seção de captura do filtro, via fluoroscopia. Resultados Não foi observada migração do filtro após o período de 30 dias. As cavografias de controle mostraram perviedade das veias cava inferior. Os resultados dos exames anatomopatológicos indicaram pouca resposta inflamatória dos tecidos. Os êmbolos foram capturados totalmente na condição com dois êmbolos, apenas um êmbolo não foi capturado no grupo com quatro êmbolos e na condição de oito êmbolos, eles foram parcialmente capturados. Conclusões Os filtros foram entregues com segurança. Há uma queda na eficácia de captura com o aumento da quantidade de êmbolos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Animal Experimentation , Vena Cava Filters/veterinary
17.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 28(1): 78-82, jan.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-780005

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea é utilizada em casos de hipoxemia refratária em diversas condições clínicas. Pacientes vítimas de traumatismo torácico geralmente desenvolvem síndrome da angústia respiratória aguda. Em razão do elevado risco de sangramentos, as complicações trombóticas que se apresentam neste contexto são particularmente difíceis de tratar e, geralmente, demandam a inserção de um filtro na veia cava inferior, com a finalidade de prevenir a migração de êmbolos oriundos das veias distais para a circulação pulmonar. Neste artigo, apresentamos o caso de um paciente com traumatismo torácico, que apresentou grave síndrome de angústia respiratória aguda, com necessidade de utilizar oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea aplicada por meio da introdução de uma cânula com duplo-lúmen na veia jugular interna direita. Este procedimento foi realizado tendo em vista a prévia inserção de um filtro na veia cava inferior, por conta da ocorrência de trombose venosa profunda em ambas as panturrilhas.


ABSTRACT Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used in refractory hypoxemia in many clinical settings. Thoracic trauma patients usually develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to high risk of bleeding, thrombotic complications present in this context are particularly difficult to manage and usually require insertion of an inferior vena cava filter to prevent embolism from the distal veins to the pulmonary circulation. Here, we present a case of a thoracic trauma patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation via a right internal jugular double lumen cannula due to a previously inserted inferior vena cava filter caused by distal bilateral calf muscle vein deep vein thrombosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods , Vena Cava Filters , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/instrumentation , Cannula
18.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 31(3): 436-441, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-2327

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Analisar dados da internet relacionados a mortes por embolia gordurosa, inicio da doença, e outras informações podem determinar a realidade atual no Brasil relacionada à incidência da síndrome de embolia gordurosa e qualquer repercussão na mídia, e também revisar as metodologias de prevenção e quais são os melhores métodos disponíveis para tratar a doença. MÉTODOS: Uma pesquisa no google foi conduzida de Janeiro de 2000 a Janeiro de 2014 utilizando os descritores "cirurgia plástica" e "morte". Foram incluídos e revisados artigos contendo as palavras "embolia", "embolia gordurosa" e "complicações em (ou de) cirurgia plástica". RESULTADOS: Incluiu-se 235 matérias novas relevantes ao longo dos 14 anos. Houve 45 casos de óbito relacionados com cirurgia plástica que ofereceu poucos dados para individualização. Desses pacientes, 44 eram mulheres. As causas possíveis mencionadas foram embolia pulmonar (cinco casos), perfuração das vísceras (cinco casos), hipertermia maligna (três casos), anestesia (dois casos), choque anafilático (dois casos), embolia gordurosa (um caso confirmado), e "outros" (cinco casos). CONCLUSÃO: Diretrizes de prevenção para embolia gordurosa em cirurgia plástica são requeridas, porém, há também necessidade de mais estudos baseados em evidência para entender mais claramente quais são os melhores métodos.


INTRODUCTION: To analyze data from the internet on deaths from fat embolism, time of onset, and other information that could determine current reality in Brazil regarding fat embolism syndrome incidence and any ,media repercussions, and also to review methods of prevention and what are the best methods available to treat this disease. METHODS: A Google search was conducted from January 2000 to January 2014 using the keywords "plastic surgery" and "death." We included and reviewed articles containing the words "embolism", "fat embolism" and "complications in (or of) plastic surgery". RESULTS: We included 235 relevant news stories over the 14 included years. There were 45 cases of death related with plastic surgery that offered few data for individualization. Of these patients, 44 were women. Possible causes mentioned were pulmonary embolism (five cases), perforation of viscera (four cases), malignant hyperthermia (three cases), anesthesia (two cases), anaphylactic shock (two cases), fat embolism (one confirmed case), and "other" (five cases). CONCLUSION: Guidelines to prevent fat embolism in plastic surgery are needed, however, there is also the need of more evidence based studies to understand more clearly what methods are best.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , History, 20th Century , Viscera , Evaluation Study , Pulmonary Embolism , Pulmonary Embolism/mortality , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Surgery, Plastic , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Surgery, Plastic/mortality , Surgery, Plastic/statistics & numerical data , Embolism, Fat , Embolism, Fat/mortality , Embolism, Fat/prevention & control , Anaphylaxis , Anaphylaxis/mortality , Anaphylaxis/prevention & control , Malignant Hyperthermia , Malignant Hyperthermia/mortality , Malignant Hyperthermia/prevention & control
19.
Rio de Janeiro; Medyklin; 2015. 80 p. ilus, tab.(MedCurso 2015).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, AHM-Acervo, TATUAPE-Acervo | ID: biblio-971701
20.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(2): 242-249, 2015. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A embolia pulmonar é a causa de morte mais previsível em pacientes hospitalizados, sendo isso ainda mais prevalente em pacientes cirúrgicos. 200.000 novos casos ocorrem anualmente, com início súbito e geralmente levando à morte nas primeiras 2 horas. Prevenir é, portanto, mais efetivo que tratar a doença estabelecida. Esse estudo objetiva demonstrar a importância e segurança do protocolo de prevenção do tromboembolismo venoso. Métodos: Conduzimos um estudo retrospectivo no período de maio de 2009 a maio de 2011, quando 2759 pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia plástica no Instituto Ivo Pitanguy. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao protocolo de prevenção e avaliados quanto aos fatores de risco para tromboembolismo venoso. A soma desses fatores gerou um escore que determinou a conduta profilática a ser adotada. Resultados: Houve três casos de tromboembolismo venoso (0,1%), sendo 1 de TEP e 2 de TVP. A quimioprofilaxia com enoxaparina administrada aos 3 pacientes de acordo com o protocolo de prevenção. Nossas taxas permaneceram abaixo das encontradas na literatura, com diferença estatisticamente significativa nos numero total de casos (p < 0,0001). Houve 34 casos de hematoma (1,2%), sendo 55,9% em pacientes submetidos à quimioprofilaxia e 44,1% em pacientes que usaram apenas o dispositivo de compressão pneumática intermitente apenas. As taxas totais de hematoma também permaneceram abaixo das encontradas na literatura, também com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,001). Conclusão: O protocolo de prevenção do tromboembolismo venoso do Instituto Ivo Pitanguy se provou seguro e importante na prevenção dos casos de TEV, com taxas de hematoma abaixo do descrito na literatura.


Introduction: Pulmonary embolism is the most predictable cause of death in hospitalized patients, even more in surgical patients. 200.000 new cases occur annually, with sudden onset and generally leading to death in the first 2 hours. Preventing is most effective than treating stablished disease. This study aims to show the importance and safety of the venous thromboembolism prevention protocol. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in the period between May 2009 and May 2011 at The Ivo Pitanguy Institute, where 2759 patients underwent plastic surgery (aesthetic and reconstructive). All patients were assessed for predisposing and exposing risk factors for venous thromboembolism and the sum of those factors generated a score determining the prophylactic procedure to be adopted according to the protocol. Results: There were three cases of venous thromboembolism (0.1%): one case of pulmonary embolism and two cases of deep venous thrombosis. Chemoprophylaxis with heparin was administered in the three patients according to the venous thromboembolism prevention protocol. Our rates remained below those found in the literature, with a statistically significant difference in total cases (p < 0.0001). There were 34 cases of hematoma (1.2%): 55.9% in patients submitted to pharmacological prophylaxis with heparin and 44,1% in patients who used sequential compression devices only. The total rates of hematoma also remained below those found in the literature with a statistically significant difference (p < 0,001). Conclusion: The venous thromboembolism prevention protocol of the Ivo Pitanguy Institute proved to be important and safe, preventing the occurrence of venous thromboembolism cases with low rates of hematoma.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , History, 21st Century , Pulmonary Artery , Heparin , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Enoxaparin , Chemoprevention , Guidelines as Topic , Evaluation Study , Pulmonary Artery/surgery , Pulmonary Artery/pathology , Pulmonary Embolism , Pulmonary Embolism/surgery , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/mortality , Pulmonary Embolism/pathology , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Surgery, Plastic , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Heparin/adverse effects , Heparin/therapeutic use , Heparin/pharmacology , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Enoxaparin/pharmacology , Chemoprevention/methods , Guidelines as Topic/methods , Guidelines as Topic/prevention & control
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