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Introducción. La coinfección bacteriana en pacientes con dengue es una preocupación emergente que aumenta la morbilidad y mortalidad. Coinfecciones con patógenos como Staphylococcus aureus destacan la importancia de un enfoque integral en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Caso clínico. Paciente masculino de 35 años con hipertensión arterial acude por fiebre. Presenta resultado de NS1 positivo, y ha recibido tratamiento ambulatorio con múltiples punciones. Hay persistencia de fiebre con parámetros infecciosos elevados, dolor precordial y disnea. Con los estudios auxiliares se observó una pericarditis purulenta y neumonía necrotizante con aislamiento de S. aureus meticilino resistente en ambos. El diagnóstico fue fiebre por dengue, pericarditis purulenta, neumonía necrotizante. Recibió tratamiento con vancomicina por 48 días y presenta mejoría clínica. Conclusión. Las bacteriemias concurrentes con dengue, incluyen complicaciones graves, especialmente por S. aureus. Aunque tienen alta mortalidad, el caso que se reporta tuvo buenos resultados. Palabras clave: dengue; bacteriemia; Staphylococcus aureus

Introduction. Bacterial coinfection in patients with dengue is an emerging concern that increases morbidity and mortality. Coinfections with pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach in diagnosis and treatment. Clinical case. A 35-year-old male patient with high blood pressure comes in due to fever. He has a positive NS1 result and has received outpatient treatment with multiple punctures. There is persistence of fever with elevated infectious parameters, chest pain and dyspnea. Ancillary studies revealed purulent pericarditis and necrotizing pneumonia with isolation of methicillin-resistant S. aureusin both. The diagnosis was dengue fever, purulent pericarditis, necrotizing pneumonia. He received treatment with vancomycin for 48 days and showed clinical improvement. Conclusion. Bacteremia concurrent with dengue includes serious complications, especially due to S. aureus. Although they have high mortality, the case reported had good results. Key words: dengue; bacteriemia; Staphylococcus aureus

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Background: In Zambia, knowledge on the landscape of respiratory pathogens that circulated during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is limited. Aim: This study investigated respiratory pathogens that circulated in Zambia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting: Nasopharyngeal specimens collected between July 2020 and July 2021 for COVID-19 testing in hospitals, ports of entry, persons seeking certificates for international travel and in communities were used. Methods: Proportional age-stratified sampling was used to select 128 specimens. The samples were screened for 33 other respiratory pathogens using the Fast Track Diagnostics multiplex molecular assay. Results: Overall, 71.1% (n = 91/128) tested positive for at least one respiratory pathogen. Bacterial respiratory pathogens were more predominant (70.3%, n = 90/128) than viral (51.6%, n = 66/128). Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent, detected in 22.7% (n = 29/128). The prevalence of influenza was 13.3% (n = 17/128). Rhinovirus had a prevalence of 3.1% (n = 4/128), while it was 10.1% (n = 13/128) for adenovirus. Children, adolescents and the elderly accounted for most influenza-positive specimens, 76.5% (n = 13/17), while 100% (n = 3/3) of specimens positive for Moraxella catarrhalis were from children. All specimens testing positive for Haemophilus influenzae, 100% (n = 5/5) were from children and adolescents. Co-infections were detected in 57.1% (n = 52/91) of specimens testing positive for at least one pathogen. Conclusion: Bacterial respiratory pathogens appeared to predominate circulation during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Contribution: Bacterial respiratory pathogens should not be neglected when implementing public health mitigation measures.

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Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen of great clinical relevance, especially those resistant to methicillin, called MRSA. Over the years, S. aureus antimicrobial resistance patterns have changed. Understanding such changes is essential to update protocols and propose efficient therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to characterize the temporal distribution of S. aureus antimicrobial resistance in patients admitted to the hospital as well as to assess its relationship with SCCmec typing. Methods: a total of 9,949 cultures of clinical materials were analyzed, between January 2000 and October 2019, from patients admitted to a university hospital in southern Brazil. All isolates had their identification and antimicrobial sensitivity profile analyzed using manual and automated techniques. Furthermore, 86 isolates were selected for mecA gene research and SCCmec typing using conventional and multiplex PCR techniques, respectively. Results: when assessing the temporal distribution of S. aureus over 20 years, it was possible to observe a drop in the proportion of MRSA compared to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Between 2000 and 2002, the frequency of MRSA was 58.5%, whereas that of MSSA was 36.7%. However, from 2003 onwards, there was a reversal of these percentages. At the end of the analyzed period, 55.2% of infections were caused by MSSA, whereas 36.2% contained MRSA isolates. Furthermore, in the period analyzed, the highest prevalence was of SCCmec type II. Conclusion: these data suggest an epidemiological change in S. aureus from clinical materials, with a change in the prevalent type of SCCmec and changes in the antimicrobial sensitivity profile exhibited by the isolates. Such facts must be considered by the clinical staff with a focus on effective patient management, the choice of appropriate antimicrobial therapy so that effective infection control measures are implemented.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivos: Staphylococcus aureus é um patógeno de grande relevância clínica, especialmente aqueles resistentes à meticilina, denominados MRSA. Ao longo dos anos, os padrões de resistência antimicrobiana dos S. aureus têm apresentado modificações. Compreender tais mudanças é fundamental para atualizar protocolos e propor abordagens terapêuticas eficientes. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar a distribuição temporal da resistência antimicrobiana de S. aureus proveniente de pacientes internados no hospital, bem como avaliar sua relação com a tipagem SCCmec. Métodos: foram analisadas 9.949 culturas de materiais clínicos, entre janeiro de 2000 e outubro de 2019, de pacientes internados em um hospital universitário no sul do Brasil. Todos os isolados tiveram sua identificação e perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos analisados por técnicas manuais e automatizadas. Ainda, 86 isolados foram selecionados para a realização da pesquisa do gene mecA e tipagem SCCmec, utilizando a técnica de PCR convencional e multiplex, respectivamente. Resultados: avaliando a distribuição temporal dos S. aureus ao longo de 20 anos, foi possível observar queda na proporção de MRSA em comparação com o S. aureus sensível à meticilina (MSSA). Entre 2000 e 2002, a frequência de MRSA foi de 58,5%, enquanto que a de MSSA foi de 36,7%. No entanto, a partir de 2003, houve uma inversão desses percentuais. Ao final do período analisado, 55,2% das infecções foram ocasionadas por MSSA, enquanto que 36,2% continham isolados de MRSA. Ainda, no período analisado, a prevalência maior foi do SCCmec tipo II. Conclusão: esses dados sugerem uma alteração epidemiológica em S. aureus provenientes de materiais clínicos, com alteração do tipo SCCmec prevalente e modificações do perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos exibidos pelos isolados. Tais fatos devem ser considerados pelo corpo clínico, focando para que haja um manejo efetivo dos pacientes, escolha da terapia antimicrobiana adequada e para que medidas de efetivas de controle de infecção sejam implementadas.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: Staphylococcus aureus es un patógeno de gran relevancia clínica, especialmente los resistentes a meticilina, denominado MRSA. Con el paso de los años, los patrones de resistencia a los antimicrobianos de S. aureus han cambiado. Comprender tales cambios es esencial para actualizar los protocolos y proponer enfoques terapéuticos eficientes. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar la distribución temporal de la resistencia antimicrobiana de S. aureus en pacientes ingresados en el hospital, así como evaluar su relación con la tipificación de SCCmec. Métodos: se analizaron 9.949 cultivos de materiales clínicos, entre enero de 2000 y octubre de 2019, de pacientes ingresados en un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. Se analizó la identificación y el perfil de sensibilidad antimicrobiana de todos los aislados mediante técnicas manuales y automatizadas. Además, se seleccionaron 86 aislados para la investigación del gen mecA y la tipificación de SCCmec, utilizando técnicas de PCR convencional y múltiple, respectivamente. Resultados: al evaluar la distribución temporal de S. aureus durante 20 años, fue posible observar una caída en la proporción de MRSA en comparación con S. aureus sensible a meticilina (MSSA). Entre 2000 y 2002, la frecuencia de MRSA fue del 58,5%, mientras que la de MSSA fue del 36,7%. Sin embargo, a partir de 2003, se produjo una reversión de estos porcentajes. Al final del período analizado, el 55,2% de las infecciones fueron causadas por MSSA, mientras que el 36,2% contenía aislados de MRSA. Además, en el período analizado, la mayor prevalencia fue de SCCmec tipo II. Conclusión: estos datos sugieren un cambio epidemiológico en S. aureus a partir de materiales clínicos, con un cambio en el tipo prevalente de SCCmec y cambios en el perfil de sensibilidad antimicrobiana exhibido por los aislados. El personal clínico debe considerar estos hechos, centrándose en el tratamiento eficaz del paciente, la elección del tratamiento antimicrobiano adecuado y la implementación de medidas eficaces de control de infecciones.(AU)

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Objetivo: A síndrome do choque tóxico (SCT) é uma condição multissistêmica grave, causada por Staphylococcus aureus ou Streptococcus pyogenes,e o manejo inicial e contínuo das lesões de pele é essencial para o controle da infecção. Este relato teve o objetivo de descrever os cuidados com a pele nessa síndrome. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino com abscesso no quadril que evoluiu com febre e hipotensão e consequente transferência para a Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Foi diagnosticado com choque séptico de provável foco no quadril, imediatamente abordado cirurgicamente para tratamento local da infecção. Apresentou insuficiência renal, além de disfunção multissistêmica (hepática e cardíaca), instabilidade hemodinâmnica e lesões disseminadas de pele. Com o isolamento do Staphylococcus aureus, iniciou-se clindamicina e o diagnóstico foi de SCT, uma vez que apresentou lesões epidermolíticas desde o início do quadro. Foram iniciadas medidas de recuperação cutânea com a sulfadiazina de prata e, posteriormente, com hidrofibra com prata com restauração do epitélio em 8 dias. Após 10 dias da pele restaurada, o paciente recebeu alta da UTI para enfermaria com manutenção do tratamento proposto. Conclusão: Neste caso, o uso da hidrofibra obteve uma performancesatisfatória, contudo ainda há necessidade de estudos robustos que comprovem tal eficácia. (AU)

Objective: Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a severe multisystemic condition caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, and initial management of skin lesions is essential for infection control. This article aimed to describe skin care for TSS. Case report: We report a man with a hip abscess who developed fever and hypotension and was subsequently transferred to an intensive care unit (ICU). He was diagnosed with septic shock, probably of hip origin, and was immediately treated surgically for local infection control. He presented with renal failure besides multiple organ dysfunction (hepatic and cardiac), hemodynamic instability, and disseminated skin lesions. With the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus, clindamycin was initiated, and the diagnosis was TSS due to epidermolytic lesions since the onset of the condition. Cutaneous recovery measures were initiated with silver sulfadiazine, followed by silver hydrofiber with skin recovery in 8 days. After 10 days of skin recovery, the patient was discharged from the ICU to the ward with maintenance of the proposed treatment. Conclusion: In this case, the use of hydrofiber showed satisfactory performance; however, robust studies are needed to confirm such efficacy. (AU)

Objetivo: El síndrome de shock tóxico (SST) es una afección multisistémica grave causada por Staphylococcus aureuso Streptococcus pyogenes, y el tratamiento inicial y continuo de las lesiones cutáneas es esencial para controlar la infección. Este informe tuvo como objetivo describir los cuidado de la piel en este síndrome. Reporte del caso:Paciente masculino con absceso en la cadera que desarrolló fiebre e hipotensión y fue tranferido a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Se diagnosticó shock séptico, probablemente focalizado en la cadera, por lo que fue inmediatamente abordado quirúrgicamente para tratamiento local de la infección. Presentó insuficiencia renal además de disfunción multisistémica (hepática y cardiaca), inestabilidad hemodinámica y lesiones cutáneas diseminadas. Con el aislamiento de Staphylococcus aureus, se inició clindamicina y el diagnóstico fue SST, ya que presentaba lesiones epidermolíticas desde el inicio del cuadro. Se iniciaron medidas de recuperación cutánea con sulfadiazina de plata y, posteriormente, se optó por hidrofibra con plata, con restauración del epitelio en 8 días. Después de 10 días de piel restaurada, el paciente fue dado de alta de la UCI a planta con mantenimiento del tratamiento propuesto. Conclusión: Alcen este caso, el uso de hidrofibra obtuvo un desempeño satisfactorio, sin embargo, aún se necesitan estudios robustos para probar tal eficacia. (AU)

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Bovine mastitis is a disease wi th far - reaching consequences for the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that is especially resistant to antibiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils Lippia citriodora (Lam.), Thy mus vulgaris (L), and a mixture of the essential oils Lippia citriodora and Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v), against isolates of oxacillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n=15) of positive cases of bovine mastitis. For the statistical analysis, the IBM SPSS s tatistical package was used. The mixture of essential oils ( Lippia citriodora and Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v)) obtained the most significant antimicrobial activity in relation to pure essential oils. It is therefore concluded that the mixture of these oils boosts their antimicrobial activity ( p <0.05). The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of this mixture for the total isolations was 12 µL/L and 25 µL/mL, respectively.

La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad de gran impacto para la industria lechera. El Staphylococcus aureus es uno de los principales patógenos, especialmente aquellos resistentes a los antibióticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de los aceites esenciales de Lippia citriodora (Lam.), Thymus vulgaris (L), y una mezcla de aceites esenciales de Lippia citriodora y Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v), frente a aislamientos clínicos de Staph ylococcus aureus oxacilino - resistentes (n=15) de mastitis bovina. Se utilizó p rograma estadístico IBM SPSS y se concluyó la diferencia significativa a un p <0.05. La mezcla de aceites esenciales ( Lippia citriodora y Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v)), obtuvo la m ayor actividad antimicrobiana en relación a los aceites esenciales puros, se concluye que la mezcla de estos aceites potencia su actividad antimicrobiana ( p <0.019). La concentración mínima inhibitoria y bactericida de esta mezcla fue del 12 µL/mL y 25 µL/m L, respectivamente, y puede ser una alternativa terapéutica.

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Background:Methicillin resistant S. aureus(MRSA) has become a major public health predicament worldwide. This is owing to its involvement in the evolution of MDR strains and difficulty in therapeutic management of infected patients. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureusamong patients in two health facilities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:Clinical isolates of patients from University of Uyo Teaching Hospital (UUTH), Uyo and General Hospital, Ikot Abasi (GHIA) were investigated based on the strategic location of the hospitals. The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Three hundred clinical samples were collected from male and female in and out-patients of all ages and processed using standard bacteriological methods. Detection of Staphylococcus aureusand MRSAstrains were done according to standard protocols while antibiotic susceptibility testing of MRSAisolates was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted following the CLSI 2021 guidelines. Results:The prevalence of MRSAstrains in this study was 42.9%. Majority of patients with MRSAwere from UUTH (44%) closely followed by patients from GHIA(40%). High antibiotics resistant rates of MRSAwere recorded for ampicillin (96.6%), ciprofloxacin (73.3%), erythromycin (63.3%) and cotrimoxazole (60%). Gentamicin and ceftriaxone sensitivity rates were 53.3% and 63.4%, respectively. Conclusion:Health facilities in the state should institute effective antimicrobial stewardship, intensify surveillance and screening of Staphylococcus aureusfor MRSAstrains to guard against dissemination of multidrug resistant strains in both hospital and community settings because of the clinical implications.

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Cats are susceptible to S. aureus, which mainly colonizes the nose and ears of these feline species. Otitis externa in cat ears is one of the illnesses produced by S. aureus in animals. Antibiotic therapy for affected animals is the conventional treatment for infections by S. aureus. Antibiotic use during prolonged treatment and given at the wrong doses can cause germs to become resistant. Given this context, research on S. aureus isolated from cat ears and tests for antibiotic resistance and the mecA gene is required. Samples of cat ears were obtained from the Amies media using a sterile cotton swab. Bacterial isolation was done on MSA media, and then the catalase and coagulase assays were used to identify the bacteria. S. aureus isolates were evaluated for sensitivity using disks of the antibiotics cefoxitin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol connected to MHA media. All positive isolates of S. aureus underwent MRSA testing, and then the mecA gene was detected. The sample investigation revealed that 91% (91/100) were positive for S. aureus, and 3.30% (3/91) were confirmed to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) because they are resistant to 3­4 antibiotic classes. Out of the 12 MRSA isolates analyzed, the mecA gene was detected in one isolate. Inappropriate antibiotic use causes bacterial resistance in pets. Additionally, excessive antibiotic use in a population might develop acquired bacterial resistance to an antibiotic. Antibiotic use in animals must be assessed to administer medication and prevent the development of antibiotic resistance appropriately.(AU)

Gatos são suscetíveis a adquirir S.aureus que colonizam principalmente as narinas e os ouvidos de espécies de felinos. A otite externa no ouvido dos gatos é uma das doenças produzidas pelo S.aureus nos animais. A terapia com antibióticos é o tratamento convencional para as infecções produzidas pelo S.aureus. Os antibióticos utilizados durante o prolongado tratamento e o emprego de sub doses podem selecionar microorganismos resistentes. Com base em tais argumentos torna-se necessária a pesquisa de S.aureus isolados do ouvido dos gatos, bem como, a realização de testes para a resistência a antibióticos e do gene mecA. Empregando swabs estéreis de algodão foram obtidas amostras dos ouvidos dos gatos em meio de Amies. O isolamento bacteriano foi efetuado em meio MAS e os testes catalase e coagulase foram realizados para a identificação das bactérias. A sensibilidade dos isolados de S.aureus foi avaliada com o emprego de discos dos antibióticos cefoxitin, tetraxiclina, eritromicina, gentamicina e cloranfenicol, incorporados no meio MHA. Todos os isolados positivos de S.aureus foram submetidos ao test MRSA para a detecção do gene mecA. A amostra investigada revelou 91% (91/100) de positivos para S.aureus, dos quais, 3,30% (3/91) foram resistentes a múltiplas drogas (MDR) pois foram resistentes a 3-4 classes de antibióticos. De 12 MRSA isolados analisados o gene mecA foi detectado em um isolado. O uso inapropriado de antibióticos é a causa da resistência bacteriana em pets. Adicionalmente o emprego excessivo de antibióticos em uma população pode resultar no desenvolvimento de resistência bacteriana adquirida a antibióticos. O uso de antibióticos em animais deve ser ordenado por uma administração de medicamentos apropriada para prevenir o desenvolvimento da resistência.(AU)

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Introducción: El Perú es uno de los países con mayor biodiversidad en especies botánicas, algunas con propiedades medicinales conocidas. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto antibacteriano del aceite esencial de las hojas de Eugenia stipitata McVaugh frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 y Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis ATCC 13076. Métodos: Estudio de tipo básico con enfoque cuantitativo y experimental. Las plantas provienen del distrito de Belén, ciudad de Iquitos, Departamento de Loreto. La técnica para la extracción del aceite esencial fue la de arrastre de vapor y la técnica microbiológica para determinar el efecto antimicrobiano la de Kirby Bauer. Se trabajaron las muestras en 4 concentraciones 100, 75, 50 y un 25 por ciento; un control negativo solo con dimetilsulfóxido, se utilizaron 5 repeticiones por cada muestra. Resultados: La muestra a concentración al 100 por ciento tuvo actividad antibacteriana contra Staphylococcus aureus. La actividad del ensayo frente a Escherichia coli demostró ser efectiva en todas las muestras, sin embargo, se observó que los halos de inhibición de mayor diámetro se manifestaron en las muestras al 100 por ciento y 75 por ciento. Además, se evidenció actividad antibacteriana a concentraciones del 100 por ciento, 75 por ciento y un 50 por ciento frente a Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis. Conclusiones: El aceite esencial de las hojas de Eugenia stipitata McVaugh presenta efecto antibacteriano frente a Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis(AU)

Introduction: Peru is one of the countries with the greatest biodiversity in botanical species, some with known medicinal properties. Objective: To determine the antibacterial effect of the essential oil of Eugenia stipitata McVaugh leaves against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis ATCC 13076. Methods: Basic study with a quantitative and experimental approach. Plants came from the district of Belén, city of Iquitos, Department of Loreto. The technique for the extraction of the essential oil was steam dragging and the microbiological technique to determine the antimicrobial effect was Kirby Bauer's technique. The samples were worked in 4 concentrations 100, 75, 50 and 25 percent and a negative control only with dimethyl sulfoxide, using 5 replicates for each sample. Results: The sample at 100 percent concentration had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The activity of the assay against Escherichia coli proved to be effective in all the samples, however, it was observed that the inhibition halos of greater diameter were manifested in the samples at 100 percent and 75 percent. In addition, antibacterial activity was evidenced at concentrations of 100 percent, 75 percent and 50 percent against Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis. Conclusions: The essential oil of Eugenia stipitata McVaugh leaves has an antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica sv Enteritidis(AU)

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RESUMEN La endocarditis mural es una forma infrecuente de infección intracardiaca que afecta al endocardio no valvular que pue- de presentarse con complicaciones similares a la endocarditis infecciosa valvular. Se recomienda la ecocardiografía para confirmar el diagnóstico cuando exista un alto índice de sospecha. Con respecto al tratamiento, existe evidencia limitada acerca de las estrategias terapéuticas en la endocarditis mural, sin embargo en la mayoría de casos reportados se recomienda iniciar antibioticoterapia dirigida asociado a una intervención quirúrgica precoz. A continuación, se presenta un caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 74 años con fenómenos embólicos sistémicos, en quien se documenta por ecocardiograma transesofágico una endocarditis mural en ápex del ventrículo izquierdo asociado a una bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus. Este caso pone de manifiesto la importancia de una valoración ecocardiográfica detallada de las válvulas y cámaras cardíacas ante la sospecha de una endocarditis infecciosa.

ABSTRACT Mural endocarditis is an uncommon form of intracardiac infection affecting the non valvular endocardium that can present with complications similar to valvular infective endocarditis. Echocardiography is recommended to confirm the diagnosis when there is a high index of suspicion. Regarding treatment, there is limited evidence about therapeutic strategies in mural endocarditis, however in most reported cases it is recommended to initiate targeted antibiotic therapy associated with early surgical intervention. The following is a clinical case of a 74-year-old male patient with systemic embolic phenomena, in whom a transesophageal echocardiogram documented mural endocarditis in the apex of the left ventricle associated with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. This case highlights the importance of a detailed echocardiographic assessment of the cardiac valves and chambers when infective endocarditis is suspected.

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BACKGROUND Recently, nanomaterials have received much attention due to their important role in solving medical and environmental problems. In the present study, a novel nanocomposite based on mycosyn thesized bimetallic zinc-copper oxides nanoparticles, nanocellulose, and chitosan was ready through an ecofriendly method. Characterization, antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities were evaluated. RESULTS The result revealed that the prepared nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, where MICs were 7.81, 31.25 and 62.5 lg mL 1 . As well, the nanocomposite showed potential antifungal activity against Aspergillus brasiliensis where MIC was 7.81 lg mL 1 , but had minimal antifungal efficacy against Cryptococcus neo formans and Candida albicans where the MIC was 250 lg mL 1 for each other. Furthermore, the nanocom posite had photocatalytic activity. The bimetallic and nanocomposite materials were characterized via physiochemical and topographic analysis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the prepared nanocomposite based on mycosynthesized bimetallic zinc copper oxides nanoparticles nanocellulose and chitosan has antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities which can be applied to various environments

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La bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus se define como el aislamiento de dicho germen en al menos un cultivo de sangre. Las metástasis infecciosas se originan por diseminación hematógena y su posterior localización en un sitio distinto al órgano en donde se originó el proceso infeccioso. La prevalencia en la presentación de estos focos infecciosos secundarios es baja en la edad pediátrica, por lo que representa un desafío diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente pediátrico con una celulitis facial por Staphylococcus aureus, con metástasis infecciosas y evolución tórpida.

Bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus is defined as the isolation of this microorganism in at least one blood culture. A metastatic infection is caused by the hematogenous dissemination and subsequent location of the microorganism in a site other than the one where the infection started. The prevalence of these secondary sources of infection is low in the pediatric population, which is a diagnostic challenge. Here we describe the case of a pediatric patient with facial cellulitis due to Staphylococcus aureus, with metastatic infection and torpid course.

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La osteomielitis primaria de esternón es muy infrecuente en niños, con menos de 100 casos publicados hasta la actualidad. Su presentación clínica es a menudo inespecífica, lo que causa un retraso en el diagnóstico. Se presentan dos nuevos casos de osteomielitis primaria de esternón. Ambos referían un cuadro de fiebre, malestar general, dolor torácico y rechazo del decúbito, con eritema preesternal en uno de los casos. La velocidad de sedimentación globular y la proteína C-reactiva estaban elevadas en ambos casos. El diagnóstico se confirmó mediante estudios de imagen y en un caso se aisló Staphylococcus aureus sensible a meticilina en el hemocultivo. Ambos se recuperaron sin complicaciones con tratamiento antibiótico. Debe tenerse en cuenta la osteomielitis primaria de esternón en el diagnóstico diferencial del dolor torácico, especialmente si se acompaña de fiebre, signos inflamatorios locales, intolerancia al decúbito o elevación de reactantes de fase aguda.

Primary sternal osteomyelitis is very rare in children, with less than 100 cases published to date. Its clinical presentation is often non-specific, which results in a diagnostic delay. Here we describe 2 new cases of primary sternal osteomyelitis. Both referred fever, malaise, chest pain, and refusal to lie down, with pre-sternal erythema in one of the cases. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein values were high in both cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by imaging studies; methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in the blood culture of one of them. Both recovered without complications with antibiotic treatment. Primary sternal osteomyelitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain, especially if accompanied by fever, local inflammatory signs, intolerance to lying down, or increased acute phase reactants.

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Los alimentos expendidos en la vía pública constituyen una fuente de ingreso para familias en países en vías de desarrollo, sin embargo, pueden ser fuentes potenciales de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos. En Riobamba-Ecuador entre los alimentos de mayor consumo en la vía pública está el plato típico "ceviche de chochos (Lupinus mutabilis)", nutritivo, sensorialmente agradable y con precio accesible. Este estudio evaluó la calidad microbiológica y condiciones sanitarias de 10 puestos de venta. Se realizó el análisis microbiológico a 100 muestras correspondientes a: ceviche e ingredientes por separado (jugo de tomate, chochos desamargados, piel cocida de cerdo y cebollas). Estas muestras se tomaron en dos días diferentes y se cuantificó aerobios mesófilos, enterobacterias y Staphyloccocus aureus. Las condiciones sanitarias de los puestos de venta fueron evaluadas mediante una lista de verificación que incluyó los siguientes parámetros: diseño, ubicación, manipulador, preparación, transporte, comercialización y saneamiento. Los resultados revelan que todas las muestras estaban contaminadas con enterobacterias y S. aureus, 80% presentaban aerobios mesófilos > 6 log10 UFC/g, siendo el ingrediente chocho desamargado, el que aportó mayor carga microbiana en 6 de los 10 puestos de venta. Los resultados de la lista de verificación muestran que las principales deficiencias son: la no utilización de agua potable circulante y la manipulación de manera conjunta de los alimentos y el dinero. En conclusión, existe gran fluctuación del cumplimiento de cada parámetro dentro de las Prácticas Correctas de Higiene por puesto de venta, creando focos o entradas de contaminantes, que se evidencia en los altos recuentos de microorganismos indicadores de calidad sanitaria en el producto final.

Street food constitutes a source of income for several families in the world, mainly in developing countries and emerging economies; however, it can be a potential source of foodborne diseases. In Riobamba-Ecuador, among the most consumed food streets is the typical dish "ceviche de chochos (Lupinus mutabilis) ", a nutritious and pleasant sensory dish at an affordable price. In this study, the microbiological load and sanitary conditions of 10 lupine ceviche stalls were evaluated. Samples of ceviche and its ingredients (tomato juice, debited lupins, pork skin, and onions). These samples (n= 100) were taken on two different days and analysed to quantify mesophilic aerobes, enterobacteria, and S. aureus. The sanitary conditions of the stalls were analysed using a check list consisting of sections focused on design, location, handler, preparation, transportation, marketing and sanitation. The results show that 100% of the samples were contaminated with enterobacteria and S. aureus, 80% of these had mesophilic aerobics > 6 log CFU / g, and the debittered lupin ingredient is the one that provides the highest microbial load in 6 of the 10 stalls evaluated. The results of the check list showed that the main deficiencies are the non-use of circulating drinking water and the joint manipulation of food and money. In conclusion, there is a great fluctuation in the compliance of the Good Hygiene Practises parameters in each street food stall. It causes multiple foci or entrances of contaminants, which is evidenced in the high counts of microorganisms that are indicators of sanitary quality in the final product.

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The effect of COVID-19 on the outcomes of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is still unknown. Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine associated factors for mortality in patients with S. aureus bacteremia and to explore the impact of prior COVID-19. Design and setting: In this retrospective and single-center study, all adult patients (≥ 18 years old) with S. aureus bacteremia between March 2020 and February 2022 were included. Methods: The outcomes of our study were 14-day and 28-day hospital mortality after the first positive blood culture was obtained. Univariate and Cox regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 140 patients with S. aureus bacteremia were included in the study. The median age was 64.5 (48.5-76) and 82 (58.5%) of the patients were male. 14-day and 28-day mortality rates were 28.6% and 37.1% respectively. Among patients with S. aureus bacteremia and previous COVID-19 history, 14-day and 28-day mortality rates were 33.9% (n = 21) and 41.9% (n = 26), respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that Pitt bacteremia score, AST, urea, and previous antibiotic use were associated factors for 14-day mortality and 28-day mortality due to S. aureus bacteremia. Conclusions: This study justified the remarkable fatality of S. aureus bacteremia during the COVID-19 pandemic period and revealed that a high Pitt bacteremia score, increased levels of AST and urea, and previous antibiotic exposure were associated factors for mortality in patients with S. aureus bacteremia.

El efecto de COVID-19 en los resultados de pacientes con bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus todavía es desconocido. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados con la mortalidad en pacientes con bacteriemia por S. aureus y explorar el impacto del COVID-19 previo. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de un solo centro, que incluyó a todos los pacientes adultos (≥ 18 años) con bacteriemia por S. aureus entre marzo de 2020 y febrero de 2022. Estudiamos la mortalidad hospitalaria a los 14 y 28 días después de obtener el primer cultivo sanguíneo positivo, utilizando análisis univariados y de regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 140 pacientes con bacteriemia por S. aureus en el estudio. La mediana de edad fue de 64,5 (48,5-76) años y 82 (58,5%) de los pacientes eran hombres. Las tasas de mortalidad a los 14 y 28 días fueron del 28,6% y 37,1%, respectivamente. Entre los pacientes con bacteriemia por S. aureus y antecedentes previos de COVID-19, las tasas de mortalidad a los 14 y 28 días fueron del 33,9% (n = 21) y 41,9% (n = 26), respectivamente. El análisis de regresión de Cox reveló que el puntaje de bacteriemia de Pitt, AST, urea y el uso previo de antibióticos fueron factores asociados con la mortalidad a los 14 y 28 días debido a la bacteriemia por S. aureus. Conclusiones: Este estudio justificó la notable letalidad de la bacteriemia por S. aureus durante el período de pandemia de COVID-19 y reveló que un puntaje de bacteriemia de Pitt elevado, niveles aumentados de AST y urea, y la exposición previa a antibióticos fueron factores asociados con la mortalidad en pacientes con bacteriemia por S. aureus.

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Introducción. En neonatos internados es frecuente sospechar sepsis neonatal, pero solo en el 25 % al 30 % se confirma con cultivos positivos. La selección del esquema antibiótico basándose en la epidemiología local favorece el uso racional y minimiza sus efectos colaterales. Objetivo primario. Describir la prevalencia de sepsis precoz y tardía con rescate microbiológico y sus características clínicas. Población y método. Estudio transversal retrospectivo, realizado del 1 de enero de 2013 al 31 de diciembre de 2017, en una maternidad pública de Argentina, que incluyó todos los recién nacidos internados en la unidad con diagnóstico de sepsis precoz y tardía con rescate microbiológico, y aquellos reingresados dentro del mes de vida. Resultados. Ingresaron 3322 recién nacidos, 1296 evaluados por sospecha de sepsis precoz, cultivos positivos en 25 (1,9 %; tasa: 0,86 ‰). El 52 % eran menores de 33 semanas de edad gestacional. Microorganismos: Escherichia coli 5, Listeria monocytogenes 4, Streptococcus agalactiae (SGB) 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae 3. Sepsis tardía (tasa 8,73 ‰), el 68 % ocurridas en menores de 33 semanas. Microorganismos intrahospitalarios: Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos 115, Staphylococcus aureus 47, Escherichia coli 30, Cándida spp. 16, Enterococcus faecalis 13, Klebsiella pneumoniae 11 y Streptococcus agalactiae 10. En los reingresos: E. coli 11, S. aureus 12, SGB 3 y Haemophilus influenzae 3. Conclusiones. Se observa en el período estudiado una frecuencia de sepsis precoz similar a los reportes internacionales, con predominio de E. coli y L. monocytogenes. La tasa de sepsis tardía presentó una tendencia descendente en los años analizados, con predominio de los cocos grampositivos

Introduction. Neonatal sepsis is often suspected in hospitalized newborn infants, but only in 25­30% of cases it is confirmed via a positive culture. Selecting the antibiotics based on local epidemiology favors their rational use and minimizes their side effects. Primary objective. To describe the prevalence of early- and late-onset sepsis with microorganism isolation and their clinical characteristics. Population and method. Retrospective, cross-sectional study conducted between 01-01-2013 and 12-31-2017 in a public maternity center of Argentina in all hospitalized newborn infants with a diagnosis of early- and late-onset sepsis with microorganism isolation, and those re-admitted in their first month of life. Results. A total of 3322 newborn infants were admitted; 1296 were assessed for suspected early- onset sepsis; 25 had a positive culture (1.9%; rate: 0.86‰). Of these, 52% were born before 33 weeks of gestation. Microorganisms: Escherichia coli 5, Listeria monocytogenes 4, Streptococcus agalactiae (SGB) 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae 3. Also, 68% of late-onset sepsis cases (rate: 8.73‰) occurred in infants born before 33 weeks of gestation. Hospital-acquired microorganisms: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus 115, Staphylococcus aureus 47, Escherichia coli 30, Candida spp. 16, Enterococcus faecalis 13, Klebsiella pneumoniae 11, and Streptococcus agalactiae 10. In re-admissions: E. coli 11, S. aureus 12, SGB 3, and Haemophilus influenzae 3. Conclusions. During the study period, the frequency of early-onset sepsis was similar to international reports, with a predominance of E. coli and L. monocytogenes. The rate of late-onset sepsis showed a downward trend in the analyzed years, with a predominance of Gram-positive cocci.

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Introduction. The identity of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors involved in chronic osteomyelitis remains unresolved. SapS is a class C non-specific acid phosphatase and a well-known virulence factor that has been identified in S. aureus strain 154 but in protein extracts from rotting vegetables. Objective. To identify the SapS gene and characterize the activity of SapS from S. aureus strains: 12 isolates from bone infected samples of patients treated for chronic osteomyelitis and 49 from a database with in silico analysis of complete bacterial genomes. Materials and methods. The SapS gene was isolated and sequenced from 12 S. aureus clinical isolates and two reference strains; 49 S. aureus strains and 11 coagulase-negative staphylococci were tested using in silico PCR. Culture media semi-purified protein extracts from the clinical strains were assayed for phosphatase activity with p-nitro-phenyl- phosphate, O-phospho-L-tyrosine, O-phospho-L-serine, and OphosphoL-threonine in conjunction with various phosphatase inhibitors. Results. SapS was detected in the clinical and in-silico S. aureus strains, but not in the in silico coagulase-negative staphylococci strains. Sec-type I lipoprotein-type N-terminal signal peptide sequences; secreted proteins, and aspartate bipartite catalytic domains coding sequences were found in the SapS nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis. SapS dephosphorylated with p-nitro-phenyl-phosphate and ophosphoLtyrosine were selectively resistant to tartrate and fluoride, but sensitive to vanadate and molybdate. Conclusion. SapS gene was found in the genome of the clinical isolates and the in silico S. aureus strains. SapS shares biochemical similarities with known virulent bacterial, such as protein tyrosine phosphatases, suggesting it may be a virulence factor in chronic osteomyelitis.

Introducción. Se desconoce la identidad de los factores de virulencia de Staphylococcus aureus implicados en la osteomielitis crónica. Sin embargo, SapS, una fosfatasa ácida no específica de clase C, es un factor de virulencia reconocido y ya fue identificada en la cepa 154 de S. aureus, pero en extractos proteicos de vegetales podridos. Objetivo. Detectar el gen SapS y caracterizar la actividad de la fosfatasa SapS en cepas de S. aureus aisladas de pacientes con osteomielitis crónica y en las reportadas en una base de datos de análisis in silico de genomas bacterianos completos. Materiales y métodos. Se aisló y secuenció el gen SapS en los 12 aislamientos clínicos de S. aureus y en dos cepas de referencia; estas secuencias se analizaron junto con las secuencias de las cepas reportadas en la base de datos de genomas bacterianos: 49 cepas de S. aureus y 11 cepas de estafilococos negativos para coagulasa. Se evalúo la actividad de la fosfatasa SapS, presente en los extractos de los sobrenadantes de los cultivos de las cepas clínicas, mediante la hidrólisis de fosfato p-nitrofenil, O-fosfo-L- tirosina, O-fosfo-L serina y O-fosfo-L treonina junto con varios inhibidores de fosfatasas. Resultados. Se detectó el gen SapS en el genoma de las cepas clínicas y en las 49 cepas de S. aureus analizadas in silico, pero no en las 11 cepas de estafilococos negativos para coagulasa. La secuenciación de SapS reveló un péptido señal presente en el extremo N-terminal de proteínas extracelulares y los dominios bipartitos de aspartato (DDDD) en su sitio catalítico. SapS hidroliza selectivamente el fosfato p-nitrofenil y la O-fosfo-L-tirosina, pero es sensible a vanadato y molibdato. Conclusión. Se encontró SapS en el genoma de S. aureus de las cepas clínicas y de las cepas de simulación computacional. La SapS con actividad específica para la hidrólisis de la O-fosfo-L-tirosina comparte similitudes bioquímicas con las fosfatasas-tirosina bacterianas, por lo que puede formar parte de la red de factores de virulencia de la osteomielitis crónica.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: La información disponible sobre los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de shock séptico es escasa, especialmente en población pediátrica. OBJETIVO: Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los niños con bacteriemia adquirida en la comunidad por Staphylococcus aureus y comparar las características de los pacientes con y sin shock séptico. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Criterios de inclusión: niños entre 30 días y 16 años de edad, internados en el Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2019 por infecciones adquiridas en la comunidad con desarrollo de S. aureus en hemocultivos. Criterios de exclusión: antecedente de internación dentro de los 3 meses previos al ingreso, vivir en una comunidad cerrada, presencia de catéter de larga permanencia, dispositivos intraventriculares o intraperitoneales. Análisis estadístico: STATA 16. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 142 niños. 21 niños (15%) presentaron shock séptico. En el análisis multivariado, se asociaron con shock séptico, la bacteriemia persistente (OR 7,15; IC95% 4,39-23,81; p: 0,001) y el foco secundario de infección (OR 6,72; IC 95% 2,02-22,2; p 0,002). La mortalidad relacionada con la infección fue 3,5% (5 pacientes). CONCLUSIONES: El shock séptico se asoció con la bacteriemia persistente y la presencia de focos secundarios de infección.

BACKGROUND: Available information about risk factors for the development of septic shock is scarce, especially in the pediatric population. AIM: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children with community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and to compare the characteristics of children with and without septic shock. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. Inclusion criteria: Children between 30 days and 16 years old, hospitalized in the Juan P. Garrahan Pediatric Hospital between January 2017 and December 2019 for community-acquired infections with S. aureus isolation in blood cultures. Exclusion criteria: History of hospitalization within 3 months prior to admission, living in a closed community, presence of long-term catheter, intraventricular or intraperitoneal devices. Statistical analysis: STATA 16. RESULTS: 142 children were included. 21 children (15%) experienced septic shock. On multivariate analysis, persistent bacteremia (OR 7.15, 95% CI 4.39-23.81, p: 0.001) and secondary focus of infection (OR 6.72, 95% CI 2.02-22.2, p 0.002) were associated with septic shock. The infection-related mortality rate was 3.5% (5 patients). CONCLUSIONS: Septic shock was associated with persistent bacteremia and the presence of secondary foci of infection.

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The stem bark of Geoffroea decorticans (Gill.ex Hook. etArn.) Burk. was used medicinally to cure several skin affections; however, phytochemical and biological antecedents were not found. Analyses of purified methanolic extract from G. decorticans bark (PFGB), realized by silylation derivatization for GC/MS, C18-CC and HPLC followed by two-dimensional TLC and UV-Vis spectroscopy, allowed to characterize nine phenolic compounds, among these, two methoxy flavonoids. Antibacterial assays of PFGB showed the highest activity (MICs = 125 µg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus (25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (29212) ATCC strains. Moreover, PFGB showed the highest intracellular antioxidant activity at low concentration (5 µg/mL), evaluated by using the fluorescent DA-H2DCF probe on lymphocyte culture; cytotoxic effects on lymphocytes activated or not by LPS were not observed, through Trypan Blue Exclusion and MTT colorimetric assays. The results obtained from the ethnomedicinal approach of this work contribute to the scientific validation of the vulnerary medicinal use of G. decorticans.

La corteza de Geoffroea decorticans (Gill.ex Hook. EtArn.) Burk. se utiliza con fines medicinales para curar diferentes afecciones de la piel; sin embargo, no encontramos antecedentes fitoquímicos y biológicos que validen las propiedades medicinales atribuidas. Analizamos el extracto metanólico purificado de corteza de G. decorticans (PFGB), por CG-EM de la muestra derivatizada por sililación, C18-CC y HPLC seguido de CCF bidimensional, y espectroscopia UV-Vis; estos métodos nos permitieron caracterizar nueve compuestos fenólicos, entre estos, dos metoxi-flavonoides. Los ensayos antibacterianos de PFGB mostraron mayor actividad (CIMs = 125 µg/mL) contra las cepas ATCC de Staphylococcus aureus (25923) y Enterococcus faecalis (29212). Además, PFGB evidenció la mayor actividad antioxidante intracelular a baja concentración(5 µg/mL), evaluada en cultivo de linfocitos, mediante el uso de sonda fluorescente DA-H2DCF; no se observaron efectos citotóxicos sobre linfocitos activados o no por LPS, a través de ensayos colorimétricos con MTT y test de exclusión con azul Tripán. Los resultados obtenidos del abordaje etnomedicinal de este trabajo, contribuyen con la validación científica del uso medicinal vulnerario de G. decorticans.

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Introdução: O aumento contínuo da resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos convencionais é um problema de importância global. Encontrar produtos como alternativas terapêuticas naturais é essencial. As plantas medicinais possuem uma composição química muito rica, que podem ser estruturalmente otimizadas e processadas em novos antimicrobianos. Objetivo: Avaliar o potencial antibacteriano frente a microrganismos humanos potencialmente patogênicos do extrato etanólico e frações de Copernicia prunifera. Metodologia: A triagem fitoquímica de plantas foi realizada usando métodos de precipitação e coloração e a atividade antibacteriana utilizando o método de difusão em disco e microdiluição em caldo contra cepas padronizadas de Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus aureus. Resultados: A triagem fitoquímica revela a presença de taninos, flavonoides, esteroides, triterpernóides, saponinas e alcaloides. Os extratos etanólico e frações da casca do caule e folhas tiveram atividade inibitória contra S. aureus e K. pneumonie com zona de inibição que variou de 7,0±1,73 a 9,33±0,58 mm pelo método de difusão em disco. Pelo método de microdiluição em caldo os extratos foram satisfatórios somente contra K. pneumoniae (CIM = 125 a 1000 µg/mL) S. aureus, P. aeruginosa e E. coli se mostraram resistentes aos testes (CIM > 1000 µg/mL). Conclusão: Esses resultados fornecem uma base para futuras investigações em modelos in vivo, para que os compostos de C. prunifera possam ser aplicados no desenvolvimento de novos agentes antimicrobianos contra K. pneumoniae.

Introduction: The continuous increase in bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics is a problem of global importance. Finding products as natural therapeutic alternatives is essential. Medicinal plants have a very rich chemical composition, which can be structurally optimized and processed into novel antimicrobials. Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial potential against potentially pathogenic human microorganisms of the ethanolic extract and fractions of Copernicia prunifera. Methodology: Phytochemical screening of plants was performed using precipitation and staining methods and antibacterial activity using the disk diffusion and broth microdilution method against standardized strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Results: Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpernoids, saponins and alkaloids. The ethanolic extracts and fractions of stem bark and leaves had inhibitory activity against S. aureus and K. pneumonie with zone of inhibition ranging from 7.0±1.73 to 9.33±0.58 mm by disc diffusion method. By broth microdilution method the extracts were satisfactory only against K. pneumoniae (MIC = 125 to 1000 µg/mL) S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli were resistant to the tests (MIC > 1000 µg/mL). Conclusion: These results provide a basis for further investigation in in vivo models, so that compounds from C. prunifera can be applied in the development of new antimicrobial agents against K. pneumoniae.

Introducción: El continuo aumento de la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos convencionales es un problema de importancia mundial. Es esencial encontrar productos como alternativas terapéuticas naturales. Las plantas medicinales tienen una composición química muy rica, que puede optimizarse estructuralmente y transformarse en nuevos antimicrobianos. Objetivo: Evaluar el potencial antibacteriano frente a microorganismos humanos potencialmente patógenos del extracto etanólico y fracciones de Copernicia prunifera. Metodología: Se realizó el cribado fitoquímico de las plantas mediante los métodos de precipitación y tinción y la actividad antibacteriana mediante el método de difusión en disco y microdilución en caldo frente a cepas estandarizadas de Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Staphylococcus aureus. Resultados: El cribado fitoquímico revela la presencia de taninos, flavonoides, esteroides, triterpernoides, saponinas y alcaloides. Los extractos etanólicos y las fracciones de la corteza del tallo y las hojas presentaron actividad inhibitoria contra S. aureus y K. pneumonie con una zona de inhibición que osciló entre 7,0±1,73 y 9,33±0,58 mm por el método de difusión en disco. Por el método de microdilución en caldo, los extractos sólo fueron satisfactorios frente a K. pneumoniae (CMI = 125 a 1000 µg/mL). S. aureus, P. aeruginosa y E. coli fueron resistentes a las pruebas (CMI > 1000 µg/mL). Conclusiones: Estos resultados proporcionan una base para futuras investigaciones en modelos in vivo, de modo que los compuestos de C. prunifera puedan aplicarse en el desarrollo de nuevos agentes antimicrobianos contra K. pneumoniae.