ABSTRACT
[RESUMEN]. Introducción: A pesar de ser extremadamente raros, los tumores cardíacos conforman un importante desafío diagnóstico de la práctica cardiooncológica. Los lipomas son la segunda neoplasia primaria benigna en orden de frecuencia, representan entre un 8 a 12% de los tumores cardíacos primarios benignos en adultos. Materiales, métodos: Presentamos un caso clínico de una paciente estudiada y diagnosticada en nuestra institución. Descripción: Se presenta a una paciente de 21 años, de género femenino, sin factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, que fue referida a nuestra institución con diagnóstico de lipoma cardíaco. Su presentación inicial incluyó taquicardia ventricular sostenida con descompensación hemodinámica, que respondió favorablemente a la cardioversión eléctrica. Tras su ingreso, se llevaron a cabo estudios diagnósticos adicionales para obtener una caracterización más precisa de la masa y facilitar la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. El ecocardiograma transtorácico reveló la presencia de una masa en el septum interventricular basal, con extensión a la pared inferior de ambos ventrículos. La resonancia cardíaca posterior confirmó la naturaleza lipídica de la masa, que se presentaba de manera homogénea, con lí- mites definidos, sin realce en ninguna fase del contraste endovenoso y encapsulada, sin afectar estructuras adyacentes. La ausencia de realce precoz y tardío permitió descartar la vascularización y la presencia de tejido fibroso, respectivamente, consolidando así el diagnóstico de lipoma. Después de una evaluación exhaustiva por el equipo cardiovascular de nuestro hospital, se decidió de manera conjunta no proceder con una intervención quirúrgica debido a la ubicación anatómica del tumor y al elevado riesgo de morbimortalidad asociado. La alternativa consensuada fue la implantación de un cardiodesfibrilador, considerando el historial de arritmia severa y el riesgo de recurrencia en esta paciente. Conclusión: Se presenta un caso infrecuente de tumor cardíaco, que genera grandes desafíos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Se optó por un tratamiento conservador con el propósito de prevenir la recurrencia de eventos arrítmicos.
[ABSTRACT]. Introduction: Despite being extremely rare, cardiac tumors pose a significant diagnostic challenge in cardio-oncology practice. Lipomas rank as the second most common primary benign neoplasm, accounting for 8 to 12% of primary benign cardiac tumors in adults. Materials and Methods: We present a clinical case of a patient studied and diagnosed at our institution. Description: A 21-year-old female patient, without cardiovascular risk factors, was referred to our institution with a diagnosis of cardiac lipoma. Her initial presentation included sustained ventricular tachycardia with hemodynamic decompensation, successfully managed with electrical cardioversion. Following admission, additional diagnostic studies were conducted to achieve a more precise characterization of the mass and guide therapeutic decision-making. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a mass in the basal interventricular septum, extending to the inferior wall of both ventricles. Subsequent cardiac resonance confirmed the lipid nature of the mass, presenting homogeneously with well-defined borders, no enhancement in any phase of intravenous contrast, encapsulated, and without involvement of adjacent structures. The absence of early and late enhancement ruled out tumor vascularization and fibrous tissue, respectively, confirming the diagnosis of a lipoma. Following a comprehensive evaluation by our hospital's cardiovascular team, a joint decision was made to refrain from surgical intervention due to the anatomical location of the tumor and the associated high risk of morbidity and mortality. The consensus alternative was the implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator, considering the patient's history of severe arrhythmia and the risk of recurrence. Conclusion: An infrequent case of cardiac tumor, that is associated with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, is described. A conservative treatment was chosen aiming to prevent the recurrence of arrhythmic events.
Subject(s)
Cardio-Oncology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Echocardiography , Tachycardia, Ventricular , LipomaABSTRACT
La taquicardia ventricular polimórfica se origina en los ventrículos, cuyos complejos QRS son de morfología, amplitud y dirección variable, con frecuencias que oscilan entre 200 y 250 lpm, pudiendo ser autolimitadas o degenerar en una fibrilación ventricular. La TdP es un tipo de taquicardia ventricular polimórfica caracterizada por complejos con un eje eléctrico que gira alrededor de la línea isoeléctrica y que está asociada a QT largo. Se presenta el caso de una paciente portadora de marcapaso que presenta episodios de taquicardia ventricular polimórfica, con una morfología típica de TdP, sin documentación de QT prolongado previo ni actual, generada por la estimulación ventricular sobre onda T, de forma accidental por desplazamiento del electrodo auricular a Ventrículo Derecho (VD).
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is a tachycardia originating in the ventricles, where the QRS complexes have variable morphology, amplitude, and direction, with frequencies ranging between 200 and 250 bpm; it may be self-limited or degenerate into ventricular fibrillation. Torsades de Pointes (TdP) is a type of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia characterized by complexes with an electrical axis that rotates around the isoelectric line and that is associated with long QT interval. We present the case of a patient with a pacemaker who presents episodes of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, with a typical morphology of TdP, without documentation of previous or current prolonged QT, generated by ventricular stimulation on the T wave, accidentally due to displacement of the atrial electrode to the Right Ventricle (RV).
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/adverse effects , Torsades de Pointes/etiology , Radiography, Thoracic , Torsades de Pointes/diagnosis , Torsades de Pointes/physiopathology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology , Fatal Outcome , ElectrocardiographyABSTRACT
Objectives: This study sought to describe our institutional experience of repeated percutaneous stellate ganglion blockade (R-SGB) as a treatment option for drug-refractory electrical storm in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). Methods: This prospective observational study included 8 consecutive NICM patients who had drug-refractory electrical storm and underwent R-SGB between June 1, 2021 and January 31, 2022. Lidocaine (5 ml, 1%) was injected in the vicinity of the left stellate ganglion under the guidance of ultrasound, once per day for 7 days. Data including clinical characteristics, immediate and long-term outcomes, and procedure related complications were collected. Results: The mean age was (51.5±13.6) years. All patients were male. 5 patients were diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy, 2 patients as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and 1 patient as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The left ventricular ejection fraction was 37.8%±6.6%. After the treatment of R-SGB, 6 (75%) patients were free of electrical storm. 24 hours Holter monitoring showed significant reduction in ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes from 43.0 (13.3, 276.3) to 1.0 (0.3, 34.0) on the first day following R-SGB (P<0.05) and 0.5 (0.0, 19.3) after whole R-SGB process (P<0.05). There were no procedure-related major complications. The mean follow-up was (4.8±1.1) months, and the median time of recurrent VT was 2 months. Conclusion: Minimally invasive R-SGB is a safe and effective method to treat electrical storm in patients with NICM.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Female , Stroke Volume , Stellate Ganglion/surgery , Ventricular Function, Left , Cardiomyopathies/complications , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Treatment Outcome , Catheter AblationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of five children with Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT).@*METHODS@#Five children with clinical manifestations consistent with CPVT admitted to the Department of Cardiology of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from November 2019 to November 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Their clinical data were collected. Potential variants were detected by whole exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing was used to verify the candidate variants. All patients were treated with β-blocker propranolol and followed up.@*RESULTS@#All patients had developed the disease during exercise and presented with syncope as the initial clinical manifestation. Electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia. The first onset age of the 5 patients were (10.4 ± 2.19) years, and the time of delayed diagnosis was (1.6 ± 2.19) years. All of the children were found to harbor de novo heterozygous missense variants of the RYR2 gene, including c.6916G>A (p.V2306I), c.527G>C (p.R176P), c.12271G>A (p.A4091T), c.506G>T (p.R169L) and c.6817G>A (p.G2273R). Among these, c.527G>C (p.R176P) and c.6817G>A (p.G2273R) were unreported previously. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the c.527G>C (p.R176P) was classified as a pathogenic variant (PS2+PM1+PM2_Supporting+PM5+PP3+PP4), and the c.6817G>A (p.G2273R) was classified as a likely pathogenic variant (PS2+PM2_Supporting+PP3+PP4). The symptoms of all children were significantly improved with the propranolol treatment, and none has developed syncope during the follow up.@*CONCLUSION@#Discovery of the c.527G>C (p.R176P) and c.6817G>A (p.G2273R) variants has expanded the mutational spectrum of the RYR2 gene. Genetic testing of CPVT patients can clarify the cause of the disease and provide a reference for their genetic counseling.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Mutation , Propranolol , Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics , Syncope , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , United StatesSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Long QT Syndrome , Tachycardia, Ventricular , Brugada Syndrome , ChannelopathiesABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente que presenta un infarto del miocardio con trombolisis no exitosa y posterior implantación de 2 stents coronarios quien desarrolla, algunos días después, una tormenta eléctrica ventricular. Una ablación de la taquicardia se realizó bajo ECMO, con buen resultado. Se detalla la descripción del caso, revisa y discute el tema.
ABSTRAC: A patient with a myocardial infarction whom, following a failed thrombolisis and implantion of 2 stents developed a ventricular electrical storm and hemodynamic instability. A successful ablation of the tachycardia with the use of ECMO was performed. A full description is included, along with a discussion of the subject.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiac Catheterization/instrumentation , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Catheter Ablation , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Tachycardia, Ventricular/surgery , Tachycardia, Ventricular/mortality , Electrocardiography/methodsABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the acute and long-term outcome of catheter ablation for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy (ALVC). Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study enrolled ALVC patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of VT at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2011 to December 2018 and collected their clinical characteristics and intraoperative electrophysiological examination. Patients were followed up every 6 months after radiofrequency ablation until August 2021. Echocardiographic results and VT recurrence post radiofrequency ablation were analysed. Results: Totally 12 patients were enrolled (mean age: (42±15) years, 11 males(11/12)). The mean of left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDd) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were (51±5)mm and (65±5)%, respectively. Twelve VTs were induced in 10 patients during the electrophysiological study, and the mean tachycardia cycle length was (293±65) ms. Three-dimensional substrate mapping revealed the diseased area at endocardial site in one patient, at epicardial sites in the other 11 patients (involved endocardial sites in 2 cases) with the basal part near the mitral annulus being the predilection for the substrate (10/11). After the catheter ablation at the endocardial and epicardial sites respectively, the complete procedure endpoint was achieved in all patients (VT cannot be induced post ablation). The median follow-up time was 65 (25, 123) months. One patient was lost to follow-up, and the other 11 patients survived without VT. No significant cardiac function deterioration was detected by the echocardiographic examination ((51±5)mm vs. (52±5)mm, P>0.05 for LVDd, (65±5)% vs. (60±6)%, P>0.05 for LVEF) at the end of follow-up. Conclusion: After radiofrequency ablation, the complete procedure endpoint is achieved in ALVC patients, and the catheter ablation provides long-term ventricular tachycardia control during the long-term follow-up.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathies , Catheter Ablation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Pericardium/surgery , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Stroke Volume , Tachycardia, Ventricular/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Function, LeftABSTRACT
Resumen: Se presenta una serie de 4 casos clínicos de pacientes con y sin cardiopatía estructural, que tuvieron uno o más episodios de tormenta arrítmica. Se describen los tratamientos con sus resultados y una revisión bibliográfica con los avances en el tema más allá de la ablación con catéter.
Abstract: We present 4 clinical cases of patients with and without structural heart disease, who had one or more episodes of arrhythmic storm. Treatments, results and a bibliographic review with advances beyond catheter ablation are described.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Ventricular Fibrillation/therapy , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Stellate Ganglion , Sympathectomy , Treatment Outcome , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Catheter AblationABSTRACT
Bidirectional ventricular tachycardia (BDVT) is defined by beat-to-beat alternation of the QRS axis on the electrocardiogram. Its diagnosis is uncommon, and the most characteristic etiology is digitalis intoxication (DI). We report the case of a patient with heart failure of valve origin admitted for sepsis that progressed to BDVT and death, associated with DI.
Subject(s)
Tachycardia, Ventricular , Digoxin , ToxicityABSTRACT
Resumo Fundamento: A doença pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) está associada a manifestações clínicas cardiovasculares, incluindo a ocorrência de arritmias cardíacas. Objetivos: Avaliar a incidência de arritmias cardíacas (taquiarritmia atrial, bradiarritmia e taquicardia ventricular sustentada) e de parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) em uma coorte de pacientes internados com COVID-19 em hospital universitário terciário. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo realizado por meio de revisão dos registros de prontuário médico. Para comparação entre os grupos, foi considerado como estatisticamente significativo valor de P < 0,05. Resultados: Foram incluídos 241 pacientes consecutivos com diagnóstico de COVID-19 (idade média, 57,8 ± 15,0 anos; 51,5% homens; 80,5% de raça branca) e 35,3% com necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VM). A mortalidade geral foi de 26,6%, sendo de 58,8% entre aqueles em VM. Arritmias cardíacas ocorreram em 8,7% dos pacientes, sendo a mais comum taquiarritmia atrial (76,2%). Pacientes com arritmias apresentaram maior mortalidade, 52,4% versus 24,1% (p=0,005). Em análise multivariada, apenas a presença de insuficiência cardíaca foi associada a maior risco de arritmias ( hazard ratio , 11,9; IC 95%: 3,6-39,5; p<0,001). Durante a internação, 3,3% dos pacientes foram atendidos em PCR, com predomínio de ritmos não chocáveis. Todos os atendidos em PCR evoluíram com óbito durante a internação. Conclusão: A incidência de arritmias cardíacas em pacientes internados com COVID-19 em hospital terciário brasileiro foi de 8,7%, sendo a mais comum taquiarritmias atrial. A presença de insuficiência cardíaca foi associada a maior risco de arritmias. Pacientes com COVID-19 atendidos em PCR apresentam elevada mortalidade.
Abstract Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with cardiovascular clinical manifestations, including cardiac arrhythmias. Objective: To assess the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias (atrial tachyarrhythmia, bradyarrhythmia, and sustained ventricular tachycardia) and cardiac arrest (CA) in a cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in a tertiary university-affiliated hospital. Methods: Cohort study with retrospective analysis of electronic medical records. For comparison between groups, a value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant Results: We included 241 consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (mean age, 57.8 ± 15.0 years; 51.5% men; 80.5% white), 35.3% of whom received invasive mechanical ventilation (MV). The overall mortality was 26.6%, being 58.8% among those on MV. Cardiac arrhythmias were identified in 8.7% of the patients, the most common being atrial tachyarrhythmia (76.2%). Patients with arrhythmias had higher mortality (52.4% versus 24.1%, p = 0.005). On multivariate analysis, only the presence of heart failure (HF) was associated with a higher risk of arrhythmias (hazard ratio, 11.9; 95% CI: 3.6-39.5; p <0.001). During hospitalization, 3.3% of the patients experienced CA, with a predominance of non-shockable rhythms. All patients experiencing CA died during hospitalization. Conclusions: The incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients admitted with COVID-19 to a Brazilian tertiary hospital was 8.7%, and atrial tachyarrhythmia was the most common. Presence of HF was associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias. Patients with COVID-19 experiencing CA have high mortality.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/epidemiology , COVID-19 , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Hospital Mortality , SARS-CoV-2 , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Systemic sclerosis is an immunological disorder characterized by tissue fibrosis and multi-organ dysfunction.1 The accompanying images exhibit electrocardiographic changes in severe systemic sclerosis. Advanced 3:1 atrioventricular block, best observed in Lead Vi, suggests extensive fibrosis of the conduction system (Image A). While one P wave is buried in the T wave (black arrows), two are evident (red arrows) along the isoelectric line. Bradyarrhythmia related prolonged QT interval, best measured in Lead II represents increased risk for torsades-de-pointes, a polymorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Additionally, right bundle branch block with giant T wave inversions (T wave depth > 10 mm) in precordial leads V2- 4 suggests pulmonary hypertension. Post-induction the rhythm abruptly changes to torsades-de-pointes (Image B) necessitating defibrillation.
La esclerosis sistémica es un trastorno inmunológico caracterizado por fibrosis tisular y disfunción multiorgánica. 1 Las imágenes adjuntas muestran cambios electrocardiográficos en la esclerosis sistémica grave. El bloqueo auriculoventricular avanzado 3: 1, que se observa mejor en la derivación VI, sugiere una fibrosis extensa del sistema de conducción ( Imagen A ).Mientras que una onda P está enterrada en la onda T (flechas negras), dos son evidentes (flechas rojas) a lo largo de la línea isoeléctrica. El intervalo QT prolongado relacionado con bradiarritmia, mejor medido en la derivación II, representa un mayor riesgo de torsades-de-pointes, una taquiarritmia ventricular polimórfica. Además, el bloqueo de la rama derecha del haz con inversiones de la onda T gigante (profundidad de la onda T> 10 mm) en las derivaciones precordiales V2- 4 sugiere hipertensión pulmonar. Después de la inducción, el ritmo cambia abruptamente a torsades-de-pointes ( Imagen B ), lo que requiere desfibrilación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Scleroderma, Systemic , Electrocardiography , Tachycardia , Bradycardia , Bundle-Branch Block , Risk , Tachycardia, Ventricular , Atrioventricular Block , Hypertension, PulmonaryABSTRACT
Resumo Nos últimos anos, vários biomarcadores estão ganhando importância clínica na avaliação diagnóstica e prognóstica de pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares. O fator de crescimento e diferenciação celular-15 (GDF-15) é uma citocina induzida por estresse e inflamação, membro da família do TGF-, cuja produção no miocárdio foi demonstrada experimentalmente em resposta à injúria isquêmica ou sobrecarga cardíaca. Este novo marcador foi positivamente correlacionado com aumento do risco de eventos cardiovasculares em estudos populacionais e configurou-se preditor independente de mortalidade e prognóstico adverso em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana e insuficiência cardíaca. Este trabalho tem como objetivo revisar o valor diagnóstico e prognóstico do GDF-15 em diferentes cenários na cardiologia.
Abstract In the last years, several diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers have been studied in cardiovascular disease. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor- (TGF-) family, is highly up-regulated in stress and inflammatory conditions and has been correlated to myocardial injury and pressure cardiac overload in animal models. This new biomarker has been positively correlated with increased risk of cardiovascular events in population studies and shown an independent predictor of mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure. This review aimed to summarize the current evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic value of GDF-15 in different settings in cardiology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Algorithms , Diagnosis, Differential , ElectrocardiographyABSTRACT
Resumo Fundamento O diagnóstico diferencial de taquicardia de QRS largo, entre taquicardia ventricular (TV) ou taquicardia supraventricular com condução aberrante (TSV-A) é algumas vezes difícil de ser feito na sala de emergência. Objetivo Avaliar a acurácia de um algoritmo novo e simples para a detecção de TV no eletrocardiograma (ECG) em pacientes com taquicardia de QRS largo. Métodos ECGs de 12 derivações para detecção de taquicardia de QRS largo foram obtidos prospectivamente de 120 pacientes durante estudo eletrofisiológico. Seis médicos com diferentes experiências analisaram os ECGs, e fizeram o diagnóstico com base no algoritmo D12V16, que envolve a análise da polaridade predominante do complexo QRS nas derivações I, II, V1 e V6. O diagnóstico foi comparado com os obtidos pelo algoritmo tradicional de Brugada e pelo estudo eletrofisiológico, o qual é considerado padrão ouro. Adotou-se um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05) nas análises estatísticas. Resultados De acordo com o estudo eletrofisiológico, 82 ECGs eram de TV e 38 de TSV-A. Doenças cardíacas estruturais estavam presentes em 71 (86,6%) dos pacientes com TV e em oito (21,1%) com TSV-A. O algoritmo de Brugada teve uma maior sensibilidade global (87,2%), enquanto o algoritmo D12V16 apresentou maior especificidade global (85,1%) para TV. Tanto o algoritmo D12V16 como o de Brugada apresentou um alto valor preditivo positivo (90,9% vs. 85,8%, respectivamente) e acurácia similar (73,8% vs. 81,4%, respectivamente) para o diagnóstico de TV. Nos avaliadores experientes, a acurácia foi maior utilizando o algoritmo de Brugada que o algoritmo D12V16, mas a acurácia dos dois algoritmos foi similar segundo os avaliadores menos experientes. Conclusão O algoritmo simplificado pode ser um método útil para reconhecer TV no ECG, principalmente para médicos menos experientes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)
Abstract Background The differential diagnosis of wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) between ventricular tachycardia (VT) or supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction (SVT-A) is sometimes difficult in the emergency room. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new simple electrocardiographic algorithm to recognize VT in patients with wide complex tachycardia. Methods The 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) for WCT were prospectively obtained from 120 patients during electrophysiological study. Six physicians with different expertise analyzed the electrocardiographic recordings, and made the diagnosis based on the D12V16 algorithm, that involves the analysis of the predominant polarity of QRS in leads I, II, V1 and V6. The diagnosis was compared with that made using the traditional Brugada algorithm and the "gold-standard" electrophysiological study. Statistical analyses were performed with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results According to the EPS study, 82 ECG recordings were VT and 38 SVT-A. Structural heart diseases were present in 71 (86.6%) patients with VT and in 8 (21.1%) with SVT-A. The Brugada algorithm had higher global sensitivity (87.2%), and the D12V16 algorithm had higher global specificity (85.1%) for VT. Both D12V16 and Brugada's algorithms presented a high positive predictive value (90.9% vs 85.8%, respectively) and similar accuracy (73.8% vs 81.4%, respectively) for the diagnosis of VT. Experienced evaluators were more accurate using Brugada algorithm than the D12V16 algorithm, but the accuracy of both algorithms was similar according to less experienced examiners. Conclusion The simplified algorithm may be a useful method to recognize VT in the ECG, especially for less experienced doctors. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)
Subject(s)
Humans , Tachycardia, Supraventricular , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Algorithms , Sensitivity and Specificity , Diagnosis, Differential , Electrocardiography , Heart RateABSTRACT
Resumen El síndrome de QT largo representa un grupo de desórdenes electrofisiológicos cardiacos, caracterizados por la prolongación del intervalo QT, que se asocian a muerte súbita, taquicardias ventriculares y síncope. Se presenta el caso de dos familias con la descripción clínica de los afectados, el estudio genético y el respectivo manejo, y se hace una breve actualización de la literatura sobre el síndrome de QT largo.
Abstract Long QT syndrome represents a group of electrophysiologic disorders characterized by a prolongation in the QT interval that are associated with sudden death, ventricular tachycardia and syncope. We present 2 families describing the clinical presentation, the genetic study and their respective treatment also there is a brief review about long QT syndrome.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Romano-Ward Syndrome , Syncope , Tachycardia, Ventricular , Death, SuddenABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the clinical and electrophysiological features of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients post surgical repair (rTOF) and to analyze the therapeutic effect and prognosis of radiofrequency ablation of rTOF-VT. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Consecutive patients with rTOF-VT, who were treated in Fuwai Hospital from January 2015 to March 2020, were enrolled. All the patients underwent right ventricular voltage mapping following routine cardiac electrophysiological examination, followed by linear or homogenizing radiofrequency ablation based on the low-voltage substrate. The clinical features, 3-dimentional electrophysiological substrate mapping, radiofrequency ablation and long-term prognosis of the enrolled patients were analyzed. Acute ablation success was defined as completion of linear or homogenizing ablation or intraoperative evoked VT as destination of the procedure. Patients were followed up at 3 and 6 months post operation and every year thereafter. The endpoints were sudden cardiac death (SCD) and recurrence of ventricular tachycardia. Results: A total of 20 patients with rTOF-VT were enrolled including 14 males with an age of (35.8±11.8) years. The electrocardiogram identified 23 types of ventricular tachycardia, 19 of which were originated from right ventricular inflow tract outlet. The most common clinical manifestations were heart murmur (19 cases, 95%) and syncope (4 cases, 25%). Electroanatomical substrate mapping was performed in 20 patients and evidenced localized or diffuse scar or low-voltage area of right ventricle. Intraoperative electrophysiological tests provoked ventricular tachycardia in 6 patients (30%), including 5 patients with hemodynamics disturbance. The acute success rate of radiofrequency ablation was 95% (19/20). The follow-up time was (31.1±17.7) months and the recurrence rate of ventricular tachycardia was 30% during follow-up period and 5 cases received repeat radiofrequency ablation and there was no recurrent ventricular tachycardia during follow-up post repeat radiofrequency ablation. Conclusions: The voltage substrate mapping under sinus rhythm is a feasible mapping method for rTOF-VT. Linear or flaky radiofrequency ablation of the slow conduction zone is safe and effective treatment strategy, the recurrence rate after the first radiofrequency ablation is still high, and the effectiveness of repeat radiofrequency ablation is satisfactory in this patient cohort.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Catheter Ablation , Electrocardiography , Follow-Up Studies , Retrospective Studies , Tachycardia, Ventricular/surgery , Tetralogy of Fallot/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito é uma desordem hereditária caracterizada pela substituição fibrogordurosa do músculo cardíaco. O manejo clínico busca reduzir os riscos de morte súbita e melhorar a qualidade de vida, aliviando os sintomas arrítmicos e de insuficiência cardíaca. O ecocardiograma é o exame inicial para a investigação da cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito, podendo apresentar dilatação das câmaras direitas e disfunção sistólica do ventrículo direito. Este relato chama atenção por envolver o diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito em paciente atleta. Mulher, 47 anos, maratonista, sem história familiar de morte súbita cardíaca, deu entrada na emergência com palpitação associada à pré-síncope. O eletrocardiograma da admissão mostrava taquicardia ventricular. O ecocardiograma revelou aumento de câmaras cardíacas direitas e disfunção sistólica do ventrículo direito. O cateterismo cardíaco não evidenciou doença coronária obstrutiva. A paciente foi orientada acerca da necessidade de suspensão de atividades físicas, porém, 3 meses depois, foi readmitida com instabilidade hemodinâmica por nova taquicardia ventricular, tendo sido cardiovertida. Realizou ressonância cardíaca, que evidenciou áreas de discinesia e formação de microaneurismas em ventrículo direito. Foi diagnosticada com cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito, tendo sido com cardioversor desfibrilador implantável, amiodarona e betabloqueador. A diferenciação entre a cardiomiopatia arritmogênica do ventrículo direito e o coração do atleta representa um desafio, devido à sobreposição de alterações estruturais que coexistem nessas entidades, daí a importância da análise integrada de fatores clínicos, eletrocardiográficos e morfofuncionais.(AU)