Subject(s)
Humans , Societies/organization & administration , Thorax , Vaccines , Congress , Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Lung Neoplasms , United States , Chile , Scientific Domains , Europe , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre el rendimiento anaeróbico y la personalidad Grit en taekwondistas estadounidenses, su grado de influencia, así como las diferencias que puedan existir entre sexos. Este estudio tuvo una metodología cuantitativa, descriptiva-correlacional, realizada en una población de (n=121) taekwondistas, vinculados a la USAT. La personalidad Grit fue medida mediante la escala Grit, y el rendimiento anaeróbico a través de la prueba del sprint anaeróbico basado en la carrera (Rast). De acuerdo con los resultados se pudo identificar en hombres, una correlación positiva y significativa entre la capacidad y potencia anaeróbica con el Grit (p<0.005 y p<0.007 respectivamente). Asimismo, estas dos variables se relacionaron significativamente con el Grit (p<0.001) en el total de la muestra. En el caso de las mujeres, no hubo relaciones significativas. El índice de fatiga no presentó correlaciones significativas. La personalidad Grit influyó hasta un 14% en la capacidad y potencia anaeróbica en hombres (p<0.001 y p<0.002, respectivamente) y un 12% en estos dos mismos aspectos para la muestra total (p<0.000 en ambos casos). Finalmente, los hallazgos indican una relación entre la potencia, capacidad anaeróbica con la personalidad Grit en hombres y en el total de la muestra, con una influencia significativa del Grit en el rendimiento anaeróbico. No se encontraron tales relaciones en mujeres. Aunque no se hallaron diferencias significativas por sexo en el Grit, capacidad y potencia anaeróbica, sí que se encontró en el índice de fatiga, indicando una disparidad en la resistencia a la fatiga entre sexos.
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between anaerobic performance and Grit personality in American taekwondo practitioners, its degree of influence, as well as any differences that may exist between genders. This study employed a quantitative, descriptive-correlational methodology, conducted on a population of (n=121) taekwondo practitioners affiliated with the USAT. Grit personality was measured using the Grit Scale, and anaerobic performance was assessed through the Anaerobic Sprint Test based on running (Rast). According to the results, a positive and significant correlation between anaerobic capacity and power with Grit was identified in men (p<0.005 and p<0.007 respectively). Likewise, these two variables were significantly related to Grit (p<0.001) in the total sample. In the case of women, there were no significant relationships. The fatigue index showed no significant correlations. Grit personality influenced up to 14% in anaerobic capacity and power in men (p<0.001 and p<0.002, respectively) and 12% in these two aspects for the total sample (p<0.000 in both cases). Finally, the findings indicate a relationship between power, anaerobic capacity, and Grit personality in men and the total sample, with a significant influence of Grit on anaerobic performance. Such relationships were not found in women. Although no significant gender differences were found in Grit, anaerobic capacity, and power, differences were found in the fatigue index, indicating a disparity in fatigue resistance between genders.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre o desempenho anaeróbico e a personalidade Grit em praticantes de taekwondo americanos, seu grau de influência, bem como as diferenças que possam existir entre os sexos. Este estudo utilizou uma metodologia quantitativa, descritiva-correlacional, realizada em uma população de (n=121) praticantes de taekwondo afiliados à USAT. A personalidade Grit foi medida usando a Escala Grit, e o desempenho anaeróbico foi avaliado através do Teste de Sprint Anaeróbico baseado em corrida (Rast). De acordo com os resultados, foi possível identificar nos homens uma correlação positiva e significativa entre a capacidade e potência anaeróbica com o Grit (p<0.005 e p<0.007, respectivamente). Da mesma forma, essas duas variáveis estavam significativamente relacionadas ao Grit (p<0.001) na amostra total. No caso das mulheres, não foram encontradas relações significativas. O índice de fadiga não apresentou correlações significativas. A personalidade Grit influenciou até 14% na capacidade e potência anaeróbica em homens (p<0.001 e p<0.002, respectivamente) e 12% nesses dois aspectos para a amostra total (p<0.000 em ambos os casos). Finalmente, os achados indicam uma relação entre potência, capacidade anaeróbica e a personalidade Grit em homens e na amostra total, com uma influência significativa do Grit no desempenho anaeróbico. Tais relações não foram encontradas em mulheres. Embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças significativas por sexo no Grit, capacidade e potência anaeróbica, foi encontrada diferença no índice de fadiga, indicando uma disparidade na resistência à fadiga entre os sexos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Martial Arts , Athletic Performance , Personality , United States , Cross-Sectional Studies , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) blood pressure (BP) guideline lowered the threshold defining hypertension to 130/80 mmHg. However, how stage 1 hypertension defined using this guideline is associated with cardiovascular events in Chinese adults remains unclear. This study assessed the association between stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and clinical outcomes in the Chinese population.@*METHODS@#Participants with stage 1 hypertension ( n = 69,509) or normal BP ( n = 34,142) were followed in this study from 2006/2007 to 2020. Stage 1 hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of 130-139 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mmHg. None were taking antihypertensive medication or had a history of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or cancer at baseline. The primary outcome was a composite of MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were individual components of the primary outcome. Cox proportional hazards models were used for the analysis.@*RESULTS@#During a median follow-up of 11.09 years, we observed 10,479 events (MI, n = 995; stroke, n = 3408; all-cause mortality, n = 7094). After multivariable adjustment, the hazard ratios for stage 1 hypertension vs. normal BP were 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.25) for primary outcome, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.05-1.46) for MI, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.33-1.59) for stroke, and 1.11 (95% CI, 1.04-1.17) for all-cause mortality. The hazard ratios for participants with stage 1 hypertension who were prescribed antihypertensive medications compared with those without antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.96).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Using the new definition, Chinese adults with untreated stage 1 hypertension are at higher risk for MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality. This finding may help to validate the new BP classification system in China.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , United States , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Hypertension/complications , Blood Pressure/physiology , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Stroke/drug therapy , American Heart Association , China/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Asthma imposes a large healthcare burden in China and the United States (US). However, the trends of asthma mortality and the relative risk factors have not been comparatively analyzed between the countries. The aim of this study was to compare the mortality and risk factors between China and the US.@*METHODS@#The deaths, and mortality rates of asthma in China and the US during 1990-2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The age-period-cohort model was used to estimate these mortality rates based on a log-linear scale with additive age, period, and cohort effects. The population attributable fractions of risk factors for asthma were estimated.@*RESULTS@#In 1990-2019, the asthma mortality rate was higher in China than in the US. The crude and age-standardized asthma mortality rates trended downward in both China and the US from 1990 to 2019. The decline in mortality was more obvious in China. Mortality gap between the two countries was narrowing. A sex difference in asthma mortality was observed with higher mortality in males in China and females in the US. The age effects showed that mortality increased with age in adults older than 20 years, particularly in the elderly. Downward trends were generally observed in the period and cohort rate ratios in both countries, with China experiencing a more obvious decrease. Smoking and high body mass index (BMI) were the leading risk factors for asthma mortality in China and the US, respectively. Mortality attributable to occupational asthmagens and smoking decreased the most in China and the US, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In 1990-2019, the asthma mortality rate was higher in China than in the US; however, the mortality gap has narrowed. Mortality increased with age in adults. The improvements in asthma death risk with period and birth cohort were more obvious in China than in the US. Smoking, high BMI, and aging are major health problems associated with asthma control. The role of occupational asthmagens in asthma mortality underscores the importance of management and prevention of occupational asthma.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Young Adult , United States/epidemiology , Asthma/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Smoking , China/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In November 2023, the American Heart Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics jointly released key updates to the neonatal resuscitation guidelines based on new clinical evidence. This update serves as an important supplement to the "Neonatal resuscitation: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care". The aim of this paper is to outline the key updates and provide guidance on umbilical cord management and the selection of positive pressure ventilation equipment and its additional interfaces in neonatal resuscitation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child , United States , Resuscitation , American Heart Association , Dietary Supplements , Emergency Medical Services , Intermittent Positive-Pressure VentilationABSTRACT
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a group of rare malignant tumors originating from mesenchymal tissue, with a high degree of malignancy and a wide range of pathological subtypes. The prognosis varies among different subtypes, and treatment increasingly relies on selecting appropriate treatment methods for different subtypes. Surgical treatment is still the main treatment method at present, and the development of immune and targeted therapy also brings new hope for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses and T cell therapy have shown well safety and efficacy in clinical trials. Targeted drugs such as trabectedin and lenvatinib have changed the treatment pattern of soft tissue sarcoma. Currently, chemotherapy based on doxorubicin and ifosfamide is still the first line treatment for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma who have distant metastasis. However, the adverse reactions of doxorubicin limit its application in elderly patients, and trofosfamide has shown good efficacy and safety as an alternative in clinical trials. The efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy has been confirmed, which can reduce the local recurrence rate after surgical resection of soft tissue sarcoma. In summary, multimodal comprehensive treatment has become the main strategy for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. The combination of different treatment methods can generate synergistic effects and help patients obtain more clinical benefits, such as the combination of doxorubicin and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the combination of antiangiogenic drugs and chemotherapy drugs. At the 2023 annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), oncologists from all over the world reported many researches related to the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. This article aims to review the new progress in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma in the 2023 annual meeting of ASCO.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , United States , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors , Sarcoma/drug therapy , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/drug therapy , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Medical OncologyABSTRACT
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a group of rare malignant tumors originating from mesenchymal tissue, with a high degree of malignancy and a wide range of pathological subtypes. The prognosis varies among different subtypes, and treatment increasingly relies on selecting appropriate treatment methods for different subtypes. Surgical treatment is still the main treatment method at present, and the development of immune and targeted therapy also brings new hope for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses and T cell therapy have shown well safety and efficacy in clinical trials. Targeted drugs such as trabectedin and lenvatinib have changed the treatment pattern of soft tissue sarcoma. Currently, chemotherapy based on doxorubicin and ifosfamide is still the first line treatment for patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma who have distant metastasis. However, the adverse reactions of doxorubicin limit its application in elderly patients, and trofosfamide has shown good efficacy and safety as an alternative in clinical trials. The efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy has been confirmed, which can reduce the local recurrence rate after surgical resection of soft tissue sarcoma. In summary, multimodal comprehensive treatment has become the main strategy for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. The combination of different treatment methods can generate synergistic effects and help patients obtain more clinical benefits, such as the combination of doxorubicin and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the combination of antiangiogenic drugs and chemotherapy drugs. At the 2023 annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), oncologists from all over the world reported many researches related to the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. This article aims to review the new progress in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma in the 2023 annual meeting of ASCO.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , United States , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors , Sarcoma/drug therapy , Soft Tissue Neoplasms/drug therapy , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Medical OncologyABSTRACT
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar padrões de mortalidade por câncer entre os imigrantes colombianos nos EUA e colombianos em sua terra natal. Dados de 2008 a 2012 foram coletados, e foram calculadas taxas de mortalidade por câncer de colombianos residindo em seu país natal e colombianos residindo em Califórnia, Flórida e Nova York, bem como taxas específicas de mortalidade por idade e sexo por cada 100.000 pessoas. Para comparar as duas populações, tanto antes como após a correção pela escolaridade, as razões de taxas de mortalidade (MRR) foram estimadas por modelo de regressão binomial negativa. Foi descoberto que colombianos em sua terra natal apresentam taxas de mortalidade por câncer mais altas quando comparados aos que residem nos EUA (MRR masculino 1,4 (IC 95%: 1,2-1,5), MRR feminino 1,5 (IC 95%: 1,3-1,7)). Essas diferenças persistem para a maioria dos tipos de câncer, mesmo após correção pela escolaridade. Os colombianos em sua terra natal apresentaram taxa de mortalidade por câncer gástrico (MRR masculino 2,6; feminino 2,8) e cervical (MRR 5,0) significativamente mais alta em comparação com os que residem nos EUA. As desigualdades educacionais na mortalidade por câncer foram mais acentuadas para aqueles que moram em sua terra natal. A menor taxa de mortalidade por câncer observada entre os colombianos nos EUA, porém, não pode ser atribuída às diferenças de escolaridade, um indicador de status socioeconômico. Em vez disso, provavelmente ocorre devido à maior acessibilidade aos serviços de saúde preventivos e curativos nos EUA.
Abstract We aim to compare cancer mortality rates of USA Colombian migrants (USA Colombians) to Colombians in their country of origin (CO Colombians). Using Colombian national mortality data and data on cancer deaths among Colombians residing in the states of California, Florida, and New York (USA Colombians) for the period 2008-2012, we estimated sex-specific and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR), expressed per 100,000 persons. For comparisons between the two populations before and after adjustment for educational level, negative binomial regression models were used to compute Mortality Rate Ratios (MRR). CO Colombians had higher cancer mortality rates compared with USA Colombians (male MRR 1.4 [95%CI: 1.2-1.5], female MRR 1.5 [95%CI: 1.3-1.7]). These differences persisted for most cancers even after adjustment for education. CO Colombians had significantly higher mortality from gastric (MRR 2.6 in males and 2.8 in females) and cervical cancer (MRR 5.0) compared with US Colombians. Educational inequalities in cancer mortality were more pronounced among CO Colombians than among USA Colombians. Lower cancer mortality observed among USA Colombians cannot be attributed to differences in education, an indicator of socio-economic status. Rather, it is likely due to better access to preventive and curative healthcare in the USA.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , United States , Mortality , Colombia , Emigrants and Immigrants , NeoplasmsSubject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Bariatric Surgery/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , United States/epidemiology , Gastric Bypass/methods , Gastric Bypass/statistics & numerical data , Body Mass Index , Risk , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Gastrectomy/methods , Gastrectomy/statistics & numerical data , Neoplasms/mortality , Obesity/mortalityABSTRACT
Antecedentes y objetivos: La promoción de la salud implica colaborar de manera inclusiva, considerando las necesidades y fortalezas de la población, fomentando la participación, trabajando de forma intersectorial, y diseñando estrategias adaptadas al contexto. También requiere coordinar procesos complejos y dinámicos a nivel múltiple. En este contexto, el Departamento de Promoción de la Salud, requirió una síntesis que responda a cuáles son los enfoques, definiciones y componentes de las políticas de promoción de la salud a nivel internacional. Metodología: El equipo metodológico, junto con el departamento solicitante, definió que era de interés explorar las experiencias de Argentina, Australia, Canadá, Brasil, España, Estados Unidos, México, Paraguay y Perú, específicamente sobre la siguiente información sobre las políticas o estrategias nacionales de promoción de la salud. Se buscaron documentos en páginas o documentos gubernamentales a través de Google, incluyendo el nombre del país de interés y conceptos como: "política de promoción de la salud" o "estrategias de promoción de la salud", en los idiomas nativos de cada país. La búsqueda fue realizada entre el 12 y el 25 de octubre de 2023. Resultados: En octubre de 2023, países como Chile, Australia, Canadá y EE.UU. no reportaban políticas o estrategias nacionales de promoción de la salud. En cambio, otros países presentan enfoques más estructurados. Argentina se enfoca en fortalecer instituciones, crear ambientes libres de humo, reducir el consumo de alcohol y tabaco, promover la actividad física y prevenir la violencia de género. Brasil prioriza la educación continua, dietas saludables, actividades físicas, y la lucha contra el consumo de sustancias, además de promover la cultura de paz y los derechos humanos. España tiene dos grupos prioritarios: menores de 15 años, con intervenciones en salud, educación y comunidad; y mayores de 50 años, centrados en salud, actividad física y bienestar emocional. México promueve políticas públicas que afectan los determinantes sociales de la salud, fomenta estilos de vida saludables e inclusión, y enfoca en la comunicación de riesgos y el seguimiento. Paraguay destaca en la creación de entornos saludables, empoderamiento comunitario y coordinación intersectorial. Perú aborda la salud como eje central, promoviendo participación social y el cierre de brechas de inequidad.
Subject(s)
Health Policy , Health Promotion , Paraguay , Peru , Argentina , Australia , Spain , United States , Brazil , Canada , MexicoABSTRACT
Antecedentes y objetivos: La fiebre Q, causada por la bacteria Coxiella burnetii, es una enfermedad zoonótica transmitida por el ganado, especialmente bovino. Esta bacteria forma esporas resistentes que sobreviven por meses. En Chile, donde la ganadería es común, es crucial contar con medidas seguras para desechar los equipos de protección personal (EPP) de los trabajadores. En este contexto, el Departamento de Salud Ocupacional de la División de Políticas Públicas Saludables y Promoción, requirió una síntesis que responda a cuáles son las medidas de desecho de quipos de protección persona seguras para prevenir brotes de fiebre Q, utilizadas en ganadería. Metodología: El equipo metodológico, junto con el departamento solicitante, definió que era de interés explorar las experiencias de Argentina, Australia, Estados Unidos, Países Bajos, así como las de las organizaciones EcoHealth Alliance y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo, específicamente sobre la siguiente información: condiciones socioeconómicas y culturales similares a Chile y desarrollo de ganadería e historial de brotes de fiebre Q. Se buscaron documentos en páginas o documentos gubernamentales a través de Google, incluyendo el nombre del país de interés y conceptos como: fiebre Q, prevención, zoonoses, PPE en los idiomas nativos de cada país u organización. La búsqueda fue realizada entre el 20 y 25 de octubre. Resultados: Entre los países y organizaciones analizados, solo Australia y Estados Unidos cuentan con recomendaciones específicas para el uso, manejo y desecho EPP en brotes de fiebre Q, mientras que Argentina, los Países Bajos, Ecohealth y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) no las incluyen en sus lineamientos. Por otro lado, las recomendaciones generales para la prevención de zoonosis y la contaminación están ampliamente contempladas por todos los países y organizaciones revisadas.
Subject(s)
Q Fever , Animal Husbandry , Argentina , Australia , United States , Zoonoses , NetherlandsABSTRACT
Abstract Background and objectives: Anesthesiologists and hospitals are increasingly confronted with costs associated with the complications of Peripheral Nerve Blocks (PNB) procedures. The objective of our study was to identify the incidence of the main adverse events associated with regional anesthesia, particularly during anesthetic PNB, and to evaluate the associated healthcare and social costs. Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic search on EMBASE and PubMed with the following search strategy: (‟regional anesthesia" OR ‟nerve block") AND (‟complications" OR ‟nerve lesion" OR ‟nerve damage" OR ‟nerve injury"). Studies on patients undergoing a regional anesthesia procedure other than spinal or epidural were included. Targeted data of the selected studies were extracted and further analyzed. Results: Literature search revealed 487 articles, 21 of which met the criteria to be included in our analysis. Ten of them were included in the qualitative and 11 articles in the quantitative synthesis. The analysis of costs included data from four studies and 2,034 claims over 51,242 cases. The median claim consisted in 39,524 dollars in the United States and 22,750 pounds in the United Kingdom. The analysis of incidence included data from seven studies involving 424,169 patients with an overall estimated incidence of 137/10,000. Conclusion: Despite limitations, we proposed a simple model of cost calculation. We found that, despite the relatively low incidence of adverse events following PNB, their associated costs were relevant and should be carefully considered by healthcare managers and decision makers.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia, Conduction/adverse effects , Nerve Block/adverse effects , Nerve Block/methods , United States , Financial StressABSTRACT
Los trastornos temporomandibulares son complejos trastornos multisistémicos para los que, lamentablemente, siguen prevaleciendo los enfoques tradicionales odontocéntricos comunes de la investigación y la atención. Un comité designado por las Academias Nacionales de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Medicina de los Estados Unidos de América resumió importantes recomendaciones relativas a la urgente necesidad de transformar, desde el modelo predominantemente biomédico, la investigación, la educación/formación profesional y la atención al paciente para los trastornos temporomandibulares en el modelo biopsicosocial que es estándar en el resto de la medicina del dolor. La publicación del informe del estudio de consenso identifica once recomendaciones de corto y largo plazo respecto a brechas y oportunidades orientadas a la situación en Estados Unidos, que son igualmente aplicables a la situación en Chile. Las primeras cuatro recomendaciones se centran en la investigación básica y traslacional, la investigación en salud pública y el fortalecimiento de la investigación clínica. Las tres recomendaciones siguientes se refieren a la evaluación de riesgos, el diagnóstico y la difusión de guías de práctica clínica y métricas asistenciales para mejorar la atención de los pacientes y ampliar su acceso. Las recomendaciones octavas a décima proponen centros de excelencia para el tratamiento de los trastornos temporomandibulares y el dolor orofacial, la mejora de la formación en los centros profesionales y la ampliación de la formación continua especializada para los profesionales sanitarios. La undécima recomendación se centra en la educación de los pacientes y la reducción del estigma. Este artículo destaca las recomendaciones publicadas y aborda lo que debiesen considerar los profesionales chilenos, como primer paso hacia un gran esfuerzo por cambiar los paradigmas de investigación, tratamiento y educación sobre los trastornos temporomandibulares para los próximos años.
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are complex multi-system disorders for which common traditional dental-centric approaches to research and care unfortunately continue to prevail. A committee appointed by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NAM) of the United States of America summarized important recommendations regarding the urgent need to transform, from the predominantly biomedical model, the research, professional education/training, and patient care for TMDs into the biopsychosocial model that is standard in the rest of pain medicine. The release of the Consensus Study Report identifies eleven short-term and long-term recommendations regarding gaps and opportunities oriented towards the situation in the US, which are equally applicable to the situation in Chile. The first four recommendations focus on basic and translational research, public health research and strengthening clinical research. The next three recommendations concern risk assessment, diagnostics, and dissemination of clinical practice guidelines and care metrics to improve patient care and expand its access. Recommendations eight to ten propose Centers of Excellence for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain Treatment, improving professional school education, and expanding specialized continuing education for healthcare providers. The eleventh recommendation focuses on patient education and stigma reduction. This article highlights the published recommendations and addresses what should be considered by Chilean professionals, as a first step of a major effort to shift TMD research, treatment, and education paradigms for the years to come.
Subject(s)
Humans , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/psychology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/therapy , United States , Facial Pain/therapy , Chile , Pain ManagementABSTRACT
Objective: based on summarizing the simulation and prediction of tobacco control measures across the globe and sorting out the various scenarios of tobacco control measures, the potential short-term effects of seven tobacco control measures in different scenarios were systematically analyzed. Methods: Until April 2022, PubMed, Embase, EconLit, PsychINFO, and CINAHL databases were used to retrieve literature about tobacco control measures simulation and prediction models across the globe. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly followed. Meta-analysis for the potential short-term effects of seven tobacco control measures in different scenarios was performed using the R software. Results: A total of 22 papers covering 16 countries were selected. Five studies were conducted in the United States, three in Mexico, and two in Italy. There were all papers with the measures to tax increases, smoke-free air laws, and mass media campaigns, 21 papers with youth access restrictions, 20 with marketing restrictions, and 19 with cessation treatment programs and health warnings. The tax increases had diverse influences on the price elasticity of different age groups. The price elasticity in the age group 15-17 years was the highest, which was 0.044 (95%CI: 0.038-0.051). The potential short-term effects of smoke-free air laws in workplaces were higher than in restaurants and other indoor public places. The effects of youth access restrictions were greater in the age group <16 years than in the age group 16-17. The stronger the implementation of other measures, the greater the potential short-term effects. A comparison of seven tobacco control measures showed that the cessation treatment programs increase in cessation rate was the highest, 0.404 (95%CI: 0.357-0.456). The reduction in smoking rate and reduction in initiation rate of youth access restrictions strongly enforced and publicized was the highest in the age group <16 years, 0.292 (95%CI: 0.269-0.315), and 0.292 (95%CI: 0.270-0.316). Conclusions: The potential short-term effects of seven tobacco control measures in different scenarios were evaluated more accurately and objectively through Meta-analysis. In the short term, cessation treatment programs will substantially increase smoking cessation rates, and strong youth access enforcement will sharply reduce smoking and initiation rates among adolescents under 16. These results also offer strong data-related support for the simulation and prediction of tobacco control measures in China and other countries.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , United States , Tobacco Control , Prevalence , Computer Simulation , Smoking Cessation , Health Behavior , Smoking PreventionABSTRACT
The Ministry of Education and other four departments jointly issued the Notice on the Construction of high-level schools of public Health, proposing that "it will take ten years to build a number of high-level schools of public health, and form a high-quality education development system to adapt to the construction of modern public health system". At present, the construction of high-level public health schools in various universities in China is in full swing. The high-level School of Public Health and the CDC have played an important role in constructing the national public health system and the human health community. The high-level public health schools are of strategic significance and important value to the development of the CDC. The review presents reflections and insights on the role of high-level public health schools in the development of the CDC and the challenges they might face.
Subject(s)
Humans , United States , Schools, Public Health , Schools , Universities , Public HealthABSTRACT
Objective: To calculate and compare the healthy life expectancy (HLE) of the middle-aged and elderly in China, the United States, and developing and developed countries in the European Union(EU) and analyze the impact of socioeconomic factors on HLE in different countries or regions. Methods: Four surveys from 2010 to 2019 were brought into the research. The data were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, Health and Retirement Study, and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Developed and developing countries in the EU were divided into two groups for calculation. Education level, total family wealth, and work retirement status were selected to measure socioeconomic status, and activities of daily living were used as health status indicators. We used the multi-state life cycle table method to calculate the transition probability between different health states and estimate life expectancy and HLE. Results: A total of 69 544 samples were included in the study. In terms of age, the middle-aged and elderly in the United States and developed countries of the EU have higher HLE in all age groups. In terms of gender, only Chinese women have lower HLE than men. Regarding socioeconomic factors, the middle-aged and elderly with higher education levels and total family wealth level have higher HLE. In China, working seniors have higher HLE, while for USA women and developed countries of the EU, retired or unemployed seniors have higher HLE. Conclusions: Demographic and socioeconomic factors impact HLE in different countries or regions. China should pay more attention to the health of women and the middle-aged and elderly retired with lower education and less total family wealth.
Subject(s)
Aged , Male , Middle Aged , Female , Humans , United States , Healthy Life Expectancy , European Union , Activities of Daily Living , Longitudinal Studies , Socioeconomic Factors , China/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the cardiovascular health status of adults in China by using the "Life's Essential 8" score, and provide reference for the development and improvement of cardiovascular disease prevention and control policies and measures. Methods: Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance was conducted in 298 counties/districts in 2015 in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) across China, multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 45 households in each village or neighborhood, and 20 households were further selected to conduct dietary surveys. In this study, a total of 70 093 adults aged ≥20 years who completed the dietary survey and had complete information were included, their cardiovascular health status were assessed by using the "Life's Essential 8" score, a cardiovascular health scoring standard released by the American Heart Association in 2022. All results were adjusted using complex design-based sampling weights to achieve a better estimate of the population. Results: In 2015, the overall cardiovascular health score of Chinese adults aged ≥20 years was 73.3±12.6, the score was significantly higher in women (77.9±11.6) than in men (68.7±11.8), and higher in urban area (74.5±12.8) than in rural area (71.9±12.2), the differences were significant (P<0.001). It was estimated that about 0.25% (95%CI: 0.16%-0.33%) of adults in China had cardiovascular health score of 100, and 33.0% (95%CI: 31.6%-34.3%), 63.2% (95%CI: 62.1%-64.3%), and 3.9% (95%CI: 3.5%-4.2%) of adults had high, moderate and low cardiovascular health scores, respectively. The proportion of those with high cardiovascular health scores was relatively low in men, those with low education level, those with low income, those living in rural areas, and those living in southwest China (P<0.001). Of the eight factors, diet had the lowest mean score (46.0, 95%CI: 44.7-47.3), followed by blood pressure (59.4, 95%CI: 58.2-60.6) and tobacco exposure (61.4, 95%CI: 60.6-62.2). Conclusions: The cardiovascular health status of two-thirds of adult population in China needs to be improved. Diet, tobacco exposure, and blood pressure are the factors affecting the cardiovascular health of Chinese population, to which close attention needs to be paid, and men, rural residents, and those with lower socioeconomic status are key groups in cardiovascular health promotion.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Asian People , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , China/epidemiology , Diet , East Asian People , Health Status , Risk Factors , United States , Health Status IndicatorsABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the feasibility of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in children. Methods: Clinical data and follow-up information of 4 AIS children who received EVT in the Department of Intervention & Hemangioma at the Children's Hospital of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics from December 2020 to June 2021 were collected retrospectively. The vascular recanalization after EVT was assessed by the modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score. Efficacy outcomes were assessed with initial and postprocedural Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS) score, and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) score at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Safety assessments included perioperative complications and intracranial hemorrhage post-treatment. Results: A total of 5 EVT treatment were performed on 4 children with AIS, of whom 3 were male. The age of onset was 4.6, 13.8, 7.8, 8.0, 8.9 years, respectively. The time from symptom onset to initiation of EVT was 19.0, 25.0, 22.0, 4.0, 16.5 hours, respectively and all patients achieved successful recanalization of the vessel after EVT (mTICI≥2b). The PedNIHSS score was 39, 14, 25, 39, 24 before treatment and decreased to 8, 1, 12, 39, 5 at discharge. All the procedures were performed with no perioperative complications. Only 1 patient with congenital heart disease had a recurrent AIS with malignant brain oedema and brain hernia. Although the occluded vessels were successfully recanalized,the symptoms were not improved and this patient died after treatment abandonment. The other 3 patients achieved good recovery at 6 months postoperatively. The mRS score of 3 patients was 3, 1, 2 at 3 months after EVT and decreased to 2, 1, 1 at 6 months. Conclusion: EVT treatment may be feasible and safe for pediatric AIS due to large vessel occlusion even when the treatment was initiated 6 hours post stroke, but children with heart disease may have a dismal prognosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Male , Female , United States , Ischemic Stroke , Retrospective Studies , Thrombectomy , Brain , Stroke/therapyABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the current situation of job involvement of nurses in military hospitals in Henan Province and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide reference for improving the level of job involvement of military nurses. Methods: In February 2022, the employed nurses of 4 military hospitals in Henan Province were investigated by convenient sampling method. A total of 663 questionnaires were collected, including 632 valid questionnaires, with an effective recovery rate of 95.32%. The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the basic information of nurses, the Job Involvement Scale was used to investigate the job involvement of nurses, the Emotional Labor Scale for Nurses was used to investigate nurses' emotions, and the Work-Family Conflict Scale was used to investigate the work-family conflict of nurses. Independent sample t-test and univariate analysis of variance were used to compare the job involvement of military employed nurses with different demographic characteristics, Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between emotional labor, work-family conflict and job involvement, and hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore the impact of relevant variables on the job involvement of military employed nurses. Results: The total average score of job involvement of military employed nurses was (3.68±1.13), and the scores of vitality, dedication and focus were (3.64±1.15), (3.74±1.25) and (3.67±1.21) respectively. The total score of emotional labor of nurses was 33-80 (62.95±8.12), with an average score of (3.93±0.51). The total score of work-family conflict was 18-94 (55.16±13.53), with an average score of (3.06±0.75). Professional emotional regulation, patient-centered emotional inhibition and standardized emotional play were positively related to the job involvement (r=0.46, 0.41, 0.22, P<0.01). Time-based conflict, stress-based conflict and behavior-based conflict had negative correlation with the job involvement (r=-0.12, -0.23, -0.20, P<0.01). In hierarchical regression analysis, after controlling demographic variables, emotional labor and work-family conflict accounted for 17.2% and 4.2% of the variation of job involvement. Conclusion: The job involvement of military employed nurses tends to be at a moderate level. Emotional labor and work-family conflict can significantly affect their job involvement.