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OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of artesunate(Art)against apoptosis and mitophagy induced by NaF in osteocytes MLO-Y4,and to explore the molecular mechanism.METHODS MLO-Y4 cells were treated with NaF(2 mmol·L-1)for 48 h to establish an in vitro model of osteocytes injuries,and the cells were divided into the cell control group,NaF(2 mmol·L-1)group and NaF+Art 0.25,0.50 and 1.00 μmol·L-1 groups.The cells were pretreated for 2 h and NaF was added for 48 h.The cell survival of MLO-Y4 cells was detected by MTT assay.The cell viability of MLO-Y4 cells was measured by Calcein-AM staining.The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)content in the supernatant was examined by the LDH detection kit.The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)was examined by DCFH-DA staining.The malondialdehyde(MDA)content and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity were detected by chemical colorimetry.Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst33342 staining and Annexin-V/PI staining.The level of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)was measured by JC-1 staining.The formation of autophagic vacuoles and morphological mitochondrial changes were observed via Lyso-tracker staining and Mito-Tracker staining.The ATP content was detected with the luciferase method.The expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3(LC-3)in mitochon-dria was examined by immunofluorescence staining.Protein expressions of LC-3,P62,E3 ubiquitin-ligase(Parkin)and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS Compared with the cell control group,the cell survival rate and cell viability were significantly reduced in the NaF group(P<0.01),LDH content in the supernatant,the level of intracellular ROS,the MDA content,apoptosis rate and autophagic vesicle formation were remarkably increased(P<0.01),protein levels of Parkin and PINK1,and the conversion of LC-3Ⅱ from LC-3Ⅰ were markedly upregulated along with the elevation of LC-3 in damaged mitochondria(P<0.01),while P62 levels,SOD activity,MMP and ATP contents were reduced in NaF cells(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with NaF group,the cell viability and survival rate of MLO-Y4 cells in NaF+Art 0.25,0.50 and 1.00 μmol·L-1 groups were significantly increased(P<0.01);the content of LDH in supernatants was decreased obviously(P<0.01);the levels of intracellular ROS and MDA content were markedly reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01);the apoptosis rate and autophagic vesicle formation were remarkably decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01);protein levels of Parkin and PINK1,and the conversion of LC-3Ⅱ from LC-3Ⅰ were markedly down-regulated along with the accumulation of LC-3 in damaged mitochondria(P<0.01);MMP and ATP content were also reduced(P<0.05,P<0.01);while SOD activityand P62 levelwere significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLU-SION Art has a protective effect against oxidative damage induced by NaF in MLO-Y4 cells,which might be related to the inhibition of apoptosis and mitophagy.
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Objective:To establish a total normalized productive maintenance(TnPM)model for medical equipment,and to explore its application value in the management of multi-source treatment equipment.Methods:In accordance with the principles of self-management,economic efficiency and dynamic improvement,the TnPM management mode of the medical equipment lifecycle management system was developed.22 multi-source treatment equipment in clinical use in the of department of burn and plastic surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University were selected and divided into a control group(16 units)and an observation group(18 units,including 12 of control group and 6 newly added units)according to different management modes.The control group implemented the traditional management mode,and the observation group adopted TnPM management mode.The operation quality,comprehensive efficiency and team management capabilities of the two groups were compared.Results:The equipment failure rate of the observation group was(4.82±0.21)%,which was lower than that of traditional group,the self-repair rate,maintenance rate and operating standard rate were(91.63±3.59)%,(96.60±2.47)%and(97.31±1.54)%,respectively,which were higher than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(t=2.434,5.246,4.525,5.311,P<0.05).The equipment availability rate,performance index and quality index of the observation group were(90.82±2.78)%,(97.03±2.24)%and(97.85±1.26)%,respectively,which were higher than those of control group,the difference was statistically significant(t=6.231,4.671,5.997,P<0.05).The assessment scores of the personnel involved in the equipment on job responsibilities,basic equipment theory,usage assurance level and management performance of observation group were(93.95±2.81)points,(91.45±2.47)points,(90.75±2.54)points and(93.08±3.34)%,respectively,which higher than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(t=2.831,3.979,6.472,4.001,P<0.05).Conclusion:The TnPM management mode can improve the operation quality of equipment in the treatment of clinical patients,reduce the incidence of failure,enhance the comprehensive efficiency of equipment and clinical service level,and promote the construction of a management team.
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Objective:To investigate the impact of the interval period between biopsy and MR examination on tumor detection and extraprostatic extension (EPE) assessment for prostate cancer (PCa) using multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI).Methods:The study was cross-sectional and retrospectively included 130 patients with PCa who underwent RP and preoperative systematic biopsies followed by mpMRI between January 2021 and December 2022 in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to interval following biopsy (group A,<3 weeks, 31 cases; group B, 3-6 weeks, 67 cases; group C,>6 weeks, 32 cases). The percentages of hemorrhage volume in the total prostate were drawn on T 1WI and calculated. The junior, senior and expert radiologists independently localized the index lesions and calculated the accuracy for tumor detection, in addition to assessing the probabilities of EPE according to EPE grade. The correlation between the hemorrhage extent and interval was analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The accuracy for tumor detection was compared using χ2 test among groups. The diagnostic performance of the radiologists for EPE prediction was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve, and the differences between the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) were compared using the DeLong test. Results:The percentage of hemorrhage was correlated with the interval between biopsy and MR examination ( r=-0.325, P<0.001). The detection accuracy of junior radiologist was 83.9% (26/31), 76.1% (51/67), and 78.1% (25/32) in group A, B and C, respectively; no differences were observed in the detection accuracy among three groups ( χ2=0.76, P=0.685). The detection accuracy of senior radiologist was 83.9% (26/31), 80.6% (54/67), and 71.9% (23/32) in 3 groups with no differences ( χ2=1.53, P=0.464). The detection accuracy of expert radiologist was 80.6% (25/31), 77.6% (52/67), and 93.8% (30/32) with no differences ( χ2=3.95, P=0.139). The AUC (95% CI) for predicting EPE were 0.830 (0.652-0.940), 0.704 (0.580-0.809), 0.800 (0.621-0.920) in the group A, B and C for junior radiologist; 0.876 (0.708-0.966), 0.768 (0.659-0.863), 0.896 (0.736-0.975) for senior radiologist; and 0.866 (0.695-0.961), 0.813 (0.699-0.895), 0.852 (0.682-0.952) for expert radiologist, respectively. No differences were observed among the subgroups in each radiologist ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The interval period does not significantly affect the detection accuracy and EPE assessment of PCa using mpMRI. There is probably no necessity for prolonged intervals following systematic biopsy to preserve the clarity of MRI interpretation for PCa.
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From the perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） information knowledge base and assisted decision-making knowledge base， the construction status， quality evaluation status and existing problems of current TCM knowledge bases have been sorted out. And based on the quality evaluation strategies and dimensions of know-ledge bases in other disciplines， the evaluation indexes for TCM knowledge base is discussed， and the evaluation framework is initially formed， providing ideas for the improvement of the TCM knowledge base evaluation system. In terms of the evaluation indexes， there are basic evaluation dimensions which include data sources， data collection， and data application. The specific evaluation dimension of the information-based knowledge base is data quality， while that of the assisted decision-making knowledge base is data matching. Except for the data application dimension which counts the valid data items in the database for calculation， other indexes are scored based on the qualitative evaluation of "yes"， "no" or "unknown". The basic evaluation score and the specific evaluation score are added to obtain the total score. The knowledge base is graded according to the score， and the results are presented in the form of grade plus number.
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Objective To discuss the effect of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway regulated by microRNA-155(miRNA-155)targeted protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 21(PTPN21)on the proliferation,migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells.Methods Lentivirus transfection was used to silence the expression of miRNA-155 in human Huh7 HCC cells,and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the silencing effect of miR-155.After obtaining stable cell lines,the cell lines were randomly divided into Blank group(normal Huh7 cells),shNC group(Huh7 cells+empty miR-155 vector),sh-miR-155(Huh7 cells+miR-155 silencing),sh-miR-155+Recilisib group(Huh7 cells+miR-155 silencing+PI3K-AKT agonist),shNC+Recilisib group(Huh7 cells+empty miR-155 vector+PI3K-AKT agonist).Dual luciferase assay was used to determine whether PTPN21 was the downstream of miR-155.The cell proliferation ability of cells in each group was detected by MTT assay.The apoptosis level of each group was tested by flow cytometry.The invasion and migration ability of cells was assessed by Transwell assay.Western blot analysis was used to observe the differences in protein expression of PTPN21,PI3K,P-PI3K,AKT,P-AKT,and apoptosis-related proteins including BAX,BCL-2 and caspase-3 in all groups.Results The expression level of miR-155 in sh-miR-155 group was lower than that in Blank group and shNC group(P＜0.000 1),and the difference in miR-155 expression level between Blank group and shNC group was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).MTT results showed that A values of Huh7 cells at 2,3,4 and 5 day in sh-miR-155 group were lower than those in Blank group and shNC group(P＜0.000 1),while these differences between Blank group and shNC group were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).In sh-miR-155 group the A values at 2,3,4 and 5 day were lower than those in sh-miR-155+Recilisib group and shNC+Recilisib group(P=0.0052 and P＜0.0001,respectively),while the A values at 2,3,4 and 5 day in sh-miR-155+Recilisib were lower than those in shNC+Recilisib group(P＜0.000 1).There was no significant differences in cell migration and number of invasion cells between the Blank group and shNC group(P＞0.05).After activation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,the migration and invasion capacity of HCC cells in the shNC+Recilisib group were significantly enhanced when compared with the Blank group(P＜0.000 1).In contrast,the number of migrated and invaded Huh7 cells after miR-155 silencing was significantly lower than that in the Blank group and shNC group(P＜0.000 1)and this phenomenon became reversed by PI3K agonist.Compared with the sh-miR-155 group,in the sh-miR-155+Recilisib group the migration and invasion ability of HCC cells was enhanced(P=0.000 2).Lentiviral transfection of Huh7 human HCC cells to silence miR-155 and downregulate miR-155 inhibiting PTPN21 regulation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,thus inhibiting the invasion,migration and proliferation ability of HCC cells and promoting the apoptosis of HCC cells.Conclusion miR-155 inhibits the migration,invasion and proliferation of HCC cells through targeting PTPN21 regulation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.The miR-155 may be a potential therapeutic target for HCC in the future.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,32:44-51)
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Objective To retrospectively investigate the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training(PFMT)using APP-based home device in the real-world scenario.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted among 171 000 Chinese female users over 18 years old who freely registered APP and performed PFMT using a domestic manufactured home device from Oct 1,2019 to Mar 31,2021.The Patient Global Impression of Improvement(PGI-I)questionnaires concerning pelvic floor general condition,sexual satisfaction and other three major symptoms related to pelvic floor muscle laxity such as stress urinary incontinence(SUI),pelvic organ prolapse(POP),and vaginal laxity(VL)were broadcast public online for users to self-assess the improvement.The vaginal muscle strength values prior and post training recorded by APP were also reported.All data were collected anonymously for further stratified analysis.Results A total of 984 valid questionnaires were collected by systematic sampling.The PGI-I scores of pelvic floor general condition(P=0.000 1),sexual satisfaction(P=0.009),SUI(P=0.000 1),POP(P=0.044)and VL(P=0.034)were statistically significant in users who reported to use the device for 3 months or more compared with those less than 3 months.In addition,the increase of vaginal muscle strength was related to the improvement of PGI-I scores in SUI and POP with statistical significance.There were no significant difference in subgroups such as age,education,parity,and delivery mode.Conclusion The subjective benefit of pelvic floor function-related symptoms and the improvement of vaginal muscle strength could be observed after PFMT for three months or more using APP-based home device in Chinese women in the real-world scenario.
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Objective To study the effect of drinking carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section on mothers and neonates,and to explore the application value of drinking carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section.Methods The clinical data of 206 singleton women who underwent selective cesarean section in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jun 2020 to Jun 2021 were retrospectively studied.Patients were divided into enhanced recovery after delivery(ERAD)group and control group according to whether drinking carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section.A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the effect of preoperative carb drinks on preoperative fluid supplementation,postoperative rehabilitation and neonatal prognosis.Results Among patients who fasted for less than 12 hours,the ERAD group had a lower fluid supplementation rate and a smaller average fluid supplementation volume compared to the control group(P＜0.05).The ERAD group had a lower rate of prokinetic agent using after surgery(P＜0.05).Among women without a history of abdominal surgery,the ERAD group had less blood loss 24 hours after surgery(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in postoperative fever rate,incidence of nausea and vomiting,time of first flatus,neonatal apgar score,exit observation room neonatal blood,and neonatal neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)admission rate between the two groups.Among newborns with high-risk factors for hypoglycemia,the ERAD group had lower enter observation room neonatal blood compared to the control group,and a higher incidence of hypoglycemia(P＜0.05).Conclusion Oral intake of carbohydrate drinks before cesarean section may be beneficial in reducing fluid supplementation before elective cesarean section,promoting postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery,and reducing postoperative bleeding.However,it may be related to the occurrence of neonatal hypoglycemia.
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BACKGROUND@#The addition of growth factiors is commonly applied to improve the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. However, for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), their complex differentiation processes result in the unknown effect at different stages. In this study, we focused on the widely used bone forming peptide-1 (BFP-1) and investigated the effect and mechanisms of its addition on the osteogenic induction of hPSCs as a function of the supplementation period. @*METHODS@#Monolayer-cultured hPSCs were cultured in osteogenic induction medium for 28 days, and the effect of BFP-1 peptide addition at varying weeks was examined. After differentiation for varying days (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28), the differentiation efficiency was determined by RT–PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and alizarin red staining assays. Moreover, the expression of marker genes related to germ layers and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated at day 7. @*RESULTS@#Peptide treatment during the first week promoted the generation of mesoderm cells and mesenchymal-like cells from hiPSCs. Then, the upregulated expression of osteogenesis marker genes/proteins was detected in both hESCs and hiPSCs during subsequent inductions with BFP-1 peptide treatment. Fortunately, further experimental design confirmed that treating the BFP-1 peptide during 7–21 days showed even better performance for hESCs but was ineffective for hiPSCs. @*CONCLUSION@#The differentiation efficiency of cells could be improved by determining the optimal treatment period.Our study has great value in maximizing the differentiation of hPSCs by adding osteogenesis peptides based on the revealed mechanisms and promoting the application of hPSCs in bone tissue regeneration.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the synergistic effect and mechanism of curcumin （CUR） combined with zerumbone （ZER） on the biological behavior of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） A549 cells. METHODS CCK-8 method and Gin’s formula were used to screen the optimal concentration combination for synergistic effect after the combination of CUR and ZER. The cells were divided into blank group， CUR group， ZER group， and CUR+ZER group. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis， and clone formation experiment was used to evaluate cell proliferation ability， scratch experiment and Transwell migration experiment were used to evaluate cell migration ability， and Transwell invasion experiment was used to evaluate cell invasion ability. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expressions of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （p- PI3K）， phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-Akt）， and vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A）. RESULTS The half inhibitory concentrations of CUR and ZER on A549 cells were approximately 16 and 12 μmol/L， respectively； the drug combination of CUR 8 μmol/L+ZER 6 μmol/L had the highest efficiency enhancement index， with the cell proliferation inhibition rate of （77.41±4.16）%， indicating the most significant synergistic effect. Compared with the CUR and ZER groups， the cell apoptosis rate in the CUR+ZER group was significantly increased （P＜0.01）， while the cell clone formation rate， cell migration rate， the number of migrating cells， the number of invading cells， and relative expression levels of p-PI3K， p-Akt， and VEGF-A proteins in the cells were significantly reduced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The combination of CUR and ZER has a synergistic effect， significantly promoting the apoptosis of NSCLC cells， and inhibiting cell proliferation， migration， and invasion. Its potential mechanism may be closely related to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， thereby down-regulating the protein expression of VEGF-A.
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OBJECTIVE@#This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.@*METHODS@#School-aged children (SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multi-stage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume (TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the 2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables.@*RESULTS@#Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places. The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively (r = 0.999 and -0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL (r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children's iodine nutrition status.@*CONCLUSION@#Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.
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Humans , Child , Nutritional Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Iodine , Sodium Chloride, Dietary/analysis , China , WaterABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To study the protective effect of breviscapine against brain injury induced by intrauterine inflammation in preterm rats and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#A preterm rat model of brain injury caused by intrauterine inflammation was prepared by intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide in pregnant rats. The pregnant rats and preterm rats were respectively randomly divided into 5 groups: control, model, low-dose breviscapine (45 mg/kg), high-dose breviscapine (90 mg/kg), and high-dose breviscapine (90 mg/kg)+ML385 [a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor, 30 mg/kg] (n=10 each). The number and body weight of the live offspring rats were measured for each group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of the uterus and placenta of pregnant rats and the pathological morphology of the brain tissue of offspring rats. Immunofluorescent staining was used to measure the co-expression of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBA-1) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) in the cerebral cortex of offspring rats. ELISA was used to measure the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the brain tissue of offspring rats. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of Nrf2 pathway-related proteins in the brain tissue of offspring rats.@*RESULTS@#Pathological injury was found in the uterus, and placenta tissue of the pregnant rats and the brain tissue of the offspring rats, and severe microglia pyroptosis occurred in the cerebral cortex of the offspring rats in the model group. Compared with the control group, the model group had significant reductions in the number and body weight of the live offspring rats and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05), but significant increases in the relative fluorescence intensity of the co-expression of IBA-1 and NLRP3, the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β, and the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the breviscapine administration groups showed alleviated pathological injury of the uterus and placenta tissue of the pregnant rats and the brain tissue of the offspring rats, significant increases in the number and body weight of the live offspring rats and the protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05), and significant reductions in the relative fluorescence intensity of the co-expression of IBA-1 and NLRP3, the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β, and the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the offspring rats (P<0.05). The high-dose breviscapine group had a significantly better effect than the low-dose breviscapine (P<0.05). ML385 significantly inhibited the intervention effect of high-dose breviscapine (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Breviscapine can inhibit inflammatory response in brain tissue of preterm rats caused by intrauterine inflammation by activating the Nrf2 pathway, and it can also inhibit microglial pyroptosis and alleviate brain injury.
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Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Body Weight , Brain Injuries/prevention & control , Caspase 1 , Inflammation/drug therapy , Interleukin-6 , Interleukin-8 , NF-E2-Related Factor 2 , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein , Flavonoids/therapeutic useABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) versus nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) as post-extubation respiratory support in preterm infants.@*METHODS@#China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles on NHFOV and NIPPV as post-extubation respiratory support in preterm infants published up to August 31, 2022. RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 17.0 software were used for a Meta analysis to compare related indices between the NHFOV and NIPPV groups, including reintubation rate within 72 hours after extubation, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) at 6-24 hours after switch to noninvasive assisted ventilation, and the incidence rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), air leak, nasal damage, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).@*RESULTS@#A total of 9 randomized controlled trials were included. The Meta analysis showed that compared with the NIPPV group, the NHFOV group had significantly lower reintubation rate within 72 hours after extubation (RR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.52-0.88, P=0.003) and PCO2 at 6-24 hours after switch to noninvasive assisted ventilation (MD=-4.12, 95%CI: -6.12 to -2.13, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rates of complications such as BPD, air leak, nasal damage, PVL, IVH, and ROP (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with NIPPV, NHFOV can effectively remove CO2 and reduce the risk of reintubation, without increasing the incidence of complications such as BPD, air leak, nasal damage, PVL, and IVH, and therefore, it can be used as a sequential respiratory support mode for preterm infants after extubation.
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Infant , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Infant, Premature , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation , Airway Extubation , Noninvasive Ventilation , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia , High-Frequency Ventilation , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapy , Continuous Positive Airway PressureABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore an efficient and automatic method for determining the anatomical landmarks of three-dimensional(3D) mandibular data, and to preliminarily evaluate the performance of the method.@*METHODS@#The CT data of 40 patients with normal craniofacial morphology were collected (among them, 30 cases were used to establish the 3D mandibular average model, and 10 cases were used as test datasets to validate the performance of this method in determining the mandibular landmarks), and the 3D mandibular data were reconstructed in Mimics software. Among the 40 cases of mandibular data after the 3D reconstruction, 30 cases that were more similar to the mean value of Chinese mandibular features were selected, and the size of the mandibular data of 30 cases was normalized based on the Procrustes analysis algorithm in MATLAB software. Then, in the Geomagic Wrap software, the 3D mandibular average shape model of the above 30 mandibular data was constructed. Through symmetry processing, curvature sampling, index marking and other processing procedures, a 3D mandible structured template with 18 996 semi-landmarks and 19 indexed mandibular anatomical landmarks were constructed. The open source non-rigid registration algorithm program Meshmonk was used to match the 3D mandible template constructed above with the tested patient's 3D mandible data through non-rigid deformation, and 19 anatomical landmark positions of the patient's 3D mandible data were obtained. The accuracy of the research method was evaluated by comparing the distance error of the landmarks manually marked by stomatological experts with the landmarks marked by the method of this research.@*RESULTS@#The method of this study was applied to the data of 10 patients with normal mandibular morphology. The average distance error of 19 landmarks was 1.42 mm, of which the minimum errors were the apex of the coracoid process [right: (1.01±0.44) mm; left: (0.56±0.14) mm] and maximum errors were the anterior edge of the lowest point of anterior ramus [right: (2.52±0.95) mm; left: (2.57±1.10) mm], the average distance error of the midline landmarks was (1.15±0.60) mm, and the average distance error of the bilateral landmarks was (1.51±0.67) mm.@*CONCLUSION@#The automatic determination method of 3D mandibular anatomical landmarks based on 3D mandibular average shape model and non-rigid registration algorithm established in this study can effectively improve the efficiency of automatic labeling of 3D mandibular data features. The automatic determination of anatomical landmarks can basically meet the needs of oral clinical applications, and the labeling effect of deformed mandible data needs to be further tested.
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Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Software , Algorithms , Anatomic Landmarks/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the anti-angiogenic activity of Kunxian Capsule (KX) extract and explore the underlying molecular mechanism using zebrafish.@*METHODS@#The KX extract was prepared with 5.0 g in 100 mL of 40% methanol followed by ultrasonication and freeze drying. Freeze dried KX extract of 10.00 mg was used as test stock solution. Triptolide and icariin, the key bioactive compounds of KX were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. The transgenic zebrafish Tg(flk1:GFP) embryos were dechorionated at 20-h post fertilization (hpf) and treated with PTK 787, and 3.5, 7, 14 and 21 µg/mL of KX extract, respectively. After 24-h post exposure (hpe), mortality and malformation (%), intersegmental vessels (ISV) formation, and mRNA expression level of angiogenic pathway genes including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) were determined. Further, the embryos at 72 hpf were treated with KX extract to observe the development of sub-intestinal vein (SIV) after 24 hpe.@*RESULTS@#The chromatographic analysis of test stock solution of KX extract showed that triptolide and icariin was found as 0.089 mg/g and 48.74 mg/g, respectively, which met the requirements of the national drug standards. In zebrafish larvae experiment, KX extract significantly inhibited the ISV (P<0.01) and SIV formation (P<0.05). Besides, the mRNA expression analysis showed that KX extract could significantly suppress the expressions of PI3K and AKT, thereby inhibiting the mRNA levels of ERKs and MAPK. Moreover, the downstream signaling cascade affected the expression of VEGF and its receptors (VEGFR and VEGFR-2). FGF-2, a strong angiogenic factor, was also down-regulated by KX treatment in zebrafish larvae.@*CONCLUSION@#KX extract exhibited anti-angiogenic effects in zebrafish embryos by regulating PI3K/AKT-MAPK-VEGF pathway and showed promising potential for RA treatment.
Subject(s)
Animals , Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism , ZebrafishABSTRACT
AIM: To explore the pathogenesis and surgical outcomes of different types of myopic traction maculopathy(MTM)using optical coherence tomography(OCT).METHODS: A total of 193 patients(210 eyes)with MTM were retrospectively included, of which 74 eyes(35.2%)underwent vitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling. The patients were categorized into three groups: foveal detachment(FD), foveoschisis(FS)and lamellar macular hole(LMH). Based on the central foveal thickness(CFT)at baseline(M0), eyes with FD were classified into two subgroups: extensive FD and limited FD. Outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), CFT, posterior staphyloma height(PSH), the presence of epiretinal membrane(ERM)and ILM detachment. Risk factors for BCVA at 6mo after vitrectomy(M6)were analyzed using linear regression.RESULTS: At M0, ERM was highly present in eyes with LMH(rs=0.28, P<0.001). Eyes with FD and FS were characterized by higher incidence of ILM detachment(rs=-0.25, P<0.001). After vitrectomy, CFT and BCVA significantly improved in all eyes(P<0.001). Eyes with extensive FD were characterized by a thicker CFT(rs=0.56, P<0.001), a lower incidence of ILM detachment(rs=-0.25, P=0.034)and a thicker nasal PSH(rs=0.27, P=0.024)than eyes with limited FD. Eyes with extensive FD were associated with a worse BCVA at M0(P=0.013)and M6(P=0.030)than eyes with limited FD. Extensive FD(β=-0.295, P=0.042)and BCVA at M0(β=0.669, P<0.001)were risk factors for a worse BCVA at M6.CONCLUSION: There are several pathogenetic mechanisms in MTM. ILM detachment may exert a dominant role in the development of FD and FS, while ERM may have a role in LMH. Vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling improved functional and anatomical outcomes in MTM patients. Eyes with extensive FD may carry a poor prognosis.
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ObjectiveTo explore the underlying mechanism of bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma （AR） in improving gastrointestinal function by comparing the effects of raw AR and bran-fried AR on the small intestine tissue structure and transport-related protein carriers in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome. MethodSeventy male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， high- and low-dose raw AR groups （10， 2.5 g·kg-1）， high- and low-dose bran-fried AR groups （10， 2.5 g·kg-1）， and a compound glutamine group （9 mg·kg-1）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the other six groups were subjected to the spleen deficiency model induced by the method of bitter and cold breaking stagnated Qi and abnormal hunger and fullness for 21 days. After modeling， each treatment group was given medication orally according to the corresponding doses every day for a total of 14 days， and the normal group and the model group were given an equal volume of normal saline orally. During the treatment period， the general survival status， macroscopic syndrome score， daily increase in body weight and food intake， and rectal temperature of the spleen deficiency rats were evaluated， and after the treatment， the rats were sacrificed. The pathological changes in the small intestine tissues of each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The content of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the content of serum D-xylose， lactate， and amylase was detected by colorimetry. The levels of free fatty acid receptor 3 （FFA3） and peptide transporter 1 （PepT1） in small intestinal tissues were detected by the Bradford method， and the protein expression of sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 （SGLT1） and glucose transporter 1 （GLUT1） in small intestinal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of glucose transporter 2 （GLUT2）， sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 （NHE3）， and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 （5-HT4R）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited symptoms of spleen deficiency， such as sluggishness， squint， reduced food intake， and lethargy at the end of modelling， damaged basic structure of the small intestinal mucosal epithelium and lamina propria， increased serum lactate and 5-HT content， and decreased serum amylase and D-xylose （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all treatment groups showed varying degrees of improvement， with the small intestinal microstructure repaired to different degrees. The daily weight gain， anal temperature， and macroscopic syndrome score of spleen deficiency improved to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum lactate and 5-HT content decreased to varying degrees， while the serum amylase and D-xylose content increased to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The PepT1 content in the small intestinal tissues increased， while the FFA3 content decreased to varying degrees. The protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT1 increased， while the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and NHE3 increased to varying degrees. The mRNA expression of 5-HT4R decreased to varying degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the high- and low-dose raw AR groups， the high- and low-dose bran-fried AR groups showed significant improvement in general conditions and histopathological improvement of the small intestinal tissues. The daily weight gain， anal temperature， and macroscopic syndrome score of spleen deficiency also improved （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum lactate and 5-HT content decreased， while the serum amylase and D-xylose content increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The PepT1 content in the small intestinal tissues increased， while the FFA3 content decreased. The protein expression of SGLT1 and GLUT1 increased， while the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and NHE3 increased. The mRNA expression of 5-HT4R decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBran-fried AR can improve the spleen deficiency-related symptoms and histopathology of the small intestinal tissues in spleen deficiency model rats. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of various transport-related protein carriers and the secretion of various digestive enzymes after stir-frying of AR， thus restoring the absorption and transport function of the small intestine.
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Objective To evaluate the accuracy of different convolutional neural networks (CNN),representative deep learning models,in the differential diagnosis of ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst,and subsequently compare the diagnosis results between models and oral radiologists. Methods A total of 1000 digital panoramic radiographs were retrospectively collected from the patients with ameloblastoma (500 radiographs) or odontogenic keratocyst (500 radiographs) in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology,Peking University School of Stomatology.Eight CNN including ResNet (18,50,101),VGG (16,19),and EfficientNet (b1,b3,b5) were selected to distinguish ameloblastoma from odontogenic keratocyst.Transfer learning was employed to train 800 panoramic radiographs in the training set through 5-fold cross validation,and 200 panoramic radiographs in the test set were used for differential diagnosis.Chi square test was performed for comparing the performance among different CNN.Furthermore,7 oral radiologists (including 2 seniors and 5 juniors) made a diagnosis on the 200 panoramic radiographs in the test set,and the diagnosis results were compared between CNN and oral radiologists. Results The eight neural network models showed the diagnostic accuracy ranging from 82.50% to 87.50%,of which EfficientNet b1 had the highest accuracy of 87.50%.There was no significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy among the CNN models (P=0.998,P=0.905).The average diagnostic accuracy of oral radiologists was (70.30±5.48)%,and there was no statistical difference in the accuracy between senior and junior oral radiologists (P=0.883).The diagnostic accuracy of CNN models was higher than that of oral radiologists (P<0.001). Conclusion Deep learning CNN can realize accurate differential diagnosis between ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst with panoramic radiographs,with higher diagnostic accuracy than oral radiologists.
Subject(s)
Humans , Ameloblastoma/diagnostic imaging , Deep Learning , Diagnosis, Differential , Radiography, Panoramic , Retrospective Studies , Odontogenic Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Odontogenic TumorsABSTRACT
Kaixin Powder is a classic prescription for invigorating Qi, nourishing the mind, and calming the mind. It has pharmacological effects of improving learning and memory ability, resisting oxidation, delaying aging, and promoting the differentiation and regeneration of nerve cells. It is mainly used in the modern clinical treatment of amnesia, depression, dementia, and other diseases. The present paper reviewed the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Kaixin Powder, predicted and analyzed its quality markers(Q-markers) according to the concept of Chinese medicine Q-markers, including transmission and traceability, specificity, effectiveness, measurability, and compound compatibility environment. The results suggested that sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ, 3',6-disinapoylsucrose, tenuifoliside A, ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, pachymic acid, β-asarone, and α-asarone could be used as Q-markers of Kaixin Powder. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for establishing the quality control system and the whole process quality traceability system of Kaixin Powder compound preparations.
Subject(s)
Ginsenosides , Powders , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between disease courses and severity and monocyte subsets distribution and surface CD31 intensity in patients of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Methods Peripheral blood samples from 29 HFRS patients and 13 normal controls were collected. The dynamic changes of classical monocyte subsets (CD14++CD16-), intermediated monocyte subsets (CD14++CD16+) and non-classical monocyte subsets (CD14+CD16++) and the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD31 on monocyte subsets were detected by multiple-immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Results In acute phase of HFRS, the ratio of classical monocyte subsets to total monocytes was dramatically decreased compared to convalescent phase and normal control. It was still much lower in convalescent phase compared to normal controls. The ratio of classical monocyte subsets to total monocytes were decreased in HFRS patients compared to that in normal control, whereas there was no difference between severe/critical groups and mild/moderate groups. On the contrary, the ratio of intermediate monocyte subsets to total monocytes in acute phase of HFRS was significantly increased compared to convalescent phase and normal control. The ratio of intermediate monocyte subsets to total monocytes were increased in HFRS patients compared to that in normal control, whereas no difference was found between severe/critical groups and mild/moderate groups. Phases or severity groups had no difference in ratio of non-classical monocyte subsets to total monocytes. Additionally, the ratio of classical monocyte subsets had a tendency to decline and that of intermediate monocyte subsets showed an increase both to total monocytes between the acute and convalescent phases in 11 HFRS patients with paired-samples. Moreover, in acute phase of HFRS, the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD31 on three monocyte subsets all decreased, specifically classical monocyte subsets showed the highest MFI of CD31 while the normal control reported the highest MFI of CD31 in non-classical monocyte subsets. In convalescent phase, the MFI of CD31 on classical and intermediated monocyte subsets were both lower than that of normal control, while MFI of CD31 was still significantly lower than normal control on non-classical monocyte subsets. Finally, MFI of CD31 on classical and intermediated monocyte subsets in severe/critical group were both lower than those in mild/moderate group, showing no statistical difference in MFI of CD31 on non-classical monocyte subset across groups of different disease severity. Conclusion The ratio of classical and intermediated monocyte subsets to total monocytes are correlated with the course of HFRS, and so are the surface intensity of CD31 on these monocyte subsets with the disease course and severity. The surface intensity of CD31 on non-classical monocyte subsets, however, is correlated only with the course of the disease. Together, the underlying mechanisms for the observed changes in monocyte subsets in HFRS patients should be further investigated.
Subject(s)
Humans , Monocytes , Lipopolysaccharide Receptors , Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome , Receptors, IgG , Disease ProgressionABSTRACT
To further enhance the immune effect of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus-like particles (VLPs) vaccine, this study prepared FMDV VLPs-zeolitic imidazolate (framework-8, ZIF-8) complexes with different particle sizes. We used a biomimetic mineralization method with Zn2+ and 2-methylimidazole in different concentration ratios to investigate the effect of size on the immunization effect. The results showed that FMDV VLPs-ZIF-8 with three different sizes were successfully prepared, with an approximate size of 70 nm, 100 nm, and 1 000 nm, respectively. Cytotoxicity and animal toxicity tests showed that all three complexes exhibited excellent biological safety. Immunization tests in mice showed that all three complexes enhanced the titers of neutralizing and specific antibodies, and their immune effects improved as the size of the complexes decreased. This study showed that ZIF-8 encapsulation of FMDV VLPs significantly enhanced their immunogenic effect in a size-dependent manner.