Relación entre mordida cruzada y sistema de control postural / Relationship between crossbite and postural control system

En la literatura es posible encontrar numerosos estudios que han demostrado una estrecha relación anatómica, funcional, neurológica y fisiológica entre la oclusión, la mandíbula y las regiones del cuello.1,2,3,4 Se ha observado una coactivación entre los músculos mandibulares y el complejo cuello-hombros durante los movimientos mandibulares y al masticar. Un enfoque corporal más integral ha permitido demostrar que existen conexiones neuronales entre los sistemas sensoriales-motores de las aferencias trigeminales que provienen de las estructuras orales (oclusión, músculos, articulación temporomandibular, posición de la mandíbula) de la cara y de los músculos oculomotores, con el cuello,5,6 el sistema vestibular y el apoyo plantar, teniendo injerencia en la alineación corporal, estabilidad y control postural del cuerpo.7,8,9,10 A su vez, el sistema vestibular contribuye a la regulación de la actividad de los músculos maseteros.11,12,13,14,15 Cualquier alteración en el sistema de control postural puede influir sobre el sistema estomatognático.16,17 Desde este enfoque global neurofisiológico se analizará en este artículo la relación entre la mordida cruzada unilateral posterior y la laterodesviación mandibular con el sistema de control postural. La comprensión de la relación entre las disfunciones orales con las asimetrías y la función del control postural permite a la Odontología tener una mirada global del ser humano, poder establecer abordajes terapéuticos integrales y trabajar en interdisciplina con otros profesionales de la salud, alcanzando una mayor estabilidad, ergonomía postural y mayor eficiencia de gasto energético.18,19

In the literature it is possible to find numerous studies that have demonstrated a close anatomical, functional, neurological and physiological relationship between occlusion, jaw and neck regions.1,2,3,4 Coactivation between the mandibular muscles and the neck-shoulder complex has been observed during mandibular movements and chewing. A more global body approach has allowed to demonstrate that there are neural connections between the sensory-motor systems of the trigeminal afference that come from the oral structures (occlusion, muscles, temporomandibular joint, jaw position), the face,the oculomotor muscles, the neck,5,6 the vestibular system, and plantar support, having an influence on body alignment, stability and postural control of the body.7,8,9,10 In turn, the vestibular system contributes to the regulation of the activity of the masseter muscles.11,12,13,14,15 Any alteration in the postural control system can influence the Stomatognathic System.16,17 From this global neurophysiological approach, the relationship between posterior unilateral crossbite and mandibular lateral deviation will be analyzed in this article in connection with the postural control System. Understanding the relationship between oral dysfunctions with asymmetries and the function of postural control allows Dentistry to have a global view of the human being, being able to establish integral therapeutic approaches ininterdisciplinary work with other health professionals, achieving better stability, postural ergonomics and greater energy expenditure efficiency.

Vertex distance variability of the Vision-S™ 700 refractors in normal population / Variabilidade da distância vértice do refrator Vision-S™ 700 em uma população normal

ABSTRACT Objective: To study vertex-optical distance variation and estimate its impact on manifest refraction. Methods: Prospective study in a private clinic using the Vision-S™ 700 with five forehead positions. Forehead on the third position showed the closest vertex-optical distance of 12mm. Results: Analysis of 52 eyes from 26 patients revealed mean differences in vertex-optical distance of 12.25mm (right eye) and 11.75mm (left eye). A 2mm change in vertex-optical distance resulted in a 0.05D change for a 5D spherical equivalent and 0.20D for a 10D equivalent. Conclusion: Vertex-optical distance varies among patients and is influenced by forehead adjustment. These variations impact refraction accuracy and treatment evaluation. Adjusting the forehead to the third position on the Vision-S™ 700 is recommended.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estudar a variação da distância vértice-óptico, de acordo com o ajuste da testa, e estimar seu impacto na refração manifesta. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo realizado em clínica privada. A refração foi realizada utilizando cinco posições preestabelecidas com o Vision-Sa 700. A testa disposta na terceira posição apresentou distância vértice do refrator mais próxima de 12mm. Resultados: Foram analisados 52 olhos de 26 pacientes. A diferença média da distância vértice do refrator no olho direito foi de 12,25mm (variação de 11,50mm) e, no olho esquerdo, 11,75mm (variação de 12,00mm). O impacto foi de 2mm na distância vértice do refrator, fomentando em uma mudança de 0,05D para um equivalente esférico de 5D e 0,20D para um equivalente de 10D. Conclusão: A distância vértice do refrator varia entre pacientes, estando relacionada ao ajuste da testa. As variações afetam a precisão da refração, impactando no ajuste dos óculos, das lentes de contato e na avaliação pós-operatória de cirurgia refrativa. Sugerimos ajustar a posição da testa para terceira posição no Vision-S™ 700, se a distância vértice do refrator não for medida em todos os pacientes.

Miedo a las alturas en mareo postural perceptual persistente en ambientes arquitectónicos simulados por realidad virtual / Fear of heights in persistent postural perceptual dizziness in architectonic environments simulated with virtual reality

Introducción: El mareo postural perceptual persistente (MPPP) es una de las causas más frecuentes de vértigo crónico. Si bien, los pacientes con MPPP tienen alteraciones de la percepción espacial, se desconoce si presentan alteraciones en el miedo a las alturas. Para no exponer a pacientes con MPPP a ambientes reales con altura, nos propusimos utilizar la realidad virtual para estudiar el miedo a las alturas. Objetivo: Cuantificar el miedo a las alturas en pacientes con MPPP y controles mediante ambientes simulados con realidad virtual. Material y Método: Estudio transversal, prospectivo de casos y controles pareados por edad y sexo. Se reclutaron pacientes con MPPP del Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile entre los años 2020 y 2021. Se midió presencia subjetiva de miedo y taquicardia. Los escenarios se desarrollaron con el programa Blender 2.8 y Oculus Link para equipo Oculus Quest. Se utilizaron cinco escenarios a diferentes alturas (pisos 1, 3, 6, 12, 19). Resultados: Se reclutaron 20 sujetos (12 mujeres, 47 años en promedio), incluyendo 10 pacientes con MPPP y 10 controles sin síntomas vestibulares. Ningún sujeto del grupo control presentó miedo en los escenarios presentados, mientras que siete pacientes del grupo MPPP tuvieron miedo subjetivo a una altura menor a 40 metros virtuales (Fischer, p < 0,05). Conclusión: Los pacientes con MPPP presentan, con mayor frecuencia, miedo subjetivo a las alturas que los controles, pero se requiere de nuevos estudios para determinar si este miedo es específico de MPPP, o es general a otras causas de vértigo crónico.

Introduction: Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) is one of the most common causes of chronic vertigo. While patients with PPPD have spatial perception alterations, it is unknown whether they present alterations in fear of heights. To avoid exposing patients with PPPD to high places, we aimed to use virtual reality to quantify fear of heights. Aim: To quantify fear of heights in patients with PPPD and controls using simulated environments with virtual reality. Material and Method: A prospective cross-sectional study of age- and sex-matched case-control pairs. PPPD patients were recruited from the Otolaryngology Service of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile between 2020 and 2021. Presence of subjective fear and tachycardia were measured. The scenarios were developed using Blender 2.8 and Oculus Link for the Oculus Quest. Five scenarios at different heights (floors 1, 3, 6, 12, 19) were used. Results: Twenty subjects were recruited (12 women, average age of 47 years), including 10 PPPD patients and 10 controls without vestibular symptoms. None of the control group subjects presented fear in the presented scenarios, while seven patients in the PPPD group had subjective fear at a height lower than virtual 40 meters (Fischer, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with PPPD present a greater proportion of subjective fear to heights than controls, but further studies are required to determine if this fear is specific to PPPD or is general to other causes of chronic vertigo.

Perfil cognitivo en el Mareo Perceptual Postural Persistente: Implicancias sobre su fisiopatología como disfunción cognitiva viso-vestibular superior / Cognitive profile in Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness: Implications on its pathophysiology as a superior visio-vestibular cognitive dysfunction

Introducción: El mareo perceptual postural persistente (MPPP) es, probablemente, la causa más prevalente de mareo crónico. Sin embargo, su fisiopatología es aún motivo de duda y debate. En el presente artículo, proponemos que el MPPP se caracteriza por disfunciones cognitivas de orden superior, al punto de diferenciarse en estas dimensiones de controles sanos y pacientes con patologías vestibulares no-MPPP. Objetivo: Determinar si pacientes con MPPP presentan alteraciones discriminantes respecto a grupos controles, en ámbitos de atención, memoria de trabajo visoespacial, planificación espacial, funciones ejecutivas y rendimiento cognitivo global. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal con sujetos de entre 18 y 65 años, reclutados de una unidad de otoneurología ambulatoria. Se aplicaron pruebas Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), tarea de retención de dígitos, Trail Making Test, Corsi Block-Tapping Task y Torre de Londres. Resultados: 30 pacientes fueron categorizados en tres grupos: grupo MPPP (n = 14), grupo vestibular no-MPPP (n = 11) y grupo control (n = 5). El grupo MPPP exhibió un rendimiento significativamente inferior en pruebas de planificación, velocidad de procesamiento y funciones ejecutivas en ámbitos visoespaciales, mientras que en atención y memoria visoespacial no hubo diferencias entre grupos. Conclusión: El MPPP podría caracterizarse por una disfunción de procesos cognitivos superiores de construcción espacial de mayor complejidad, respetando funciones visoespaciales de menor orden como la memoria de trabajo. Estos hallazgos ofrecen nuevas luces para comprender la fisiopatología del MPPP y sus implicancias clínicas.

Introduction: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is probably the most prevalent cause of chronic dizziness. However, its pathophysiology is still a matter of uncertainty and debate. In this article, we propose that PPPD is characterized by higher-order cognitive dysfunctions, to the point of differentiating it from healthy controls and patients with non-PPPD vestibular pathologies. Aim: To determine whether patients with PPPD exhibit discriminant alterations compared to control groups in the areas of attention, visuospatial working memory, spatial planning, executive functions, and global cognitive performance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with subjects between the ages of 18 and 65 years, recruited from an outpatient otoneurology unit. Tests included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), digit retention task, Trail Making Test, Corsi Block-Tapping Task, and the Tower of London. Results: 30 patients were categorized into three groups: PPPD group (n = 14), non-PPPD vestibular group (n = 11), and control group (n = 5). The PPPD group showed significantly lower performance on tests of planning, processing speed, and executive function in visuospatial domains, while there were no differences between groups in attention and visuospatial memory. Conclusion: PPPD may be characterized by dysfunction of higher-order cognitive processes related to spatial construction of greater complexity, while sparing lower-order visuospatial functions such as working memory. These findings offer new insights into the pathophysiology of PPPD and its clinical implications.

Evaluation of Head and Cervical Spine Posture after Therapy with Maxillary Protraction Appliances / Evaluación de la Postura de la Cabeza y la Columna Cervical Después de la Terapia con Aparatos de Protracción Maxilar

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of head and cervical spine posture of skeletal class malocclusion in adolescent with maxillary protraction. Thirty cases of skeletal class malocclusion were randomly selected from the Stomatological Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. High-quality lateral cephalograms were collected including pre- and posttreatment to compare the changes of head and cervical spine posture. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. The paired-t test was used to compare pre- and posttreatment mean angular measurements.A significant difference in the SNA(p<0.001), SNB(p<0.01), and ANB(p<0.001) between T1 and T2 showed an improvement in the sagittal relationships. A significant change was observed in middle cervical spine posture, while upper cervical spine posture variables showed no significant difference after treatment. Skeletal class with maxillary protraction appliance not only led to the improvement of sagittal relationship, but also changed the middle cervical spine posture.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical debido a la maloclusión clase esquelética en adolescentes con protracción maxilar. Treinta casos de maloclusión de clase esquelética fueron seleccionados al azar del Hospital Estomatológico de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi. Se recogieron cefalogramas laterales de alta calidad, incluidos el tratamiento previo y posterior, para comparar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical. Los datos se procesaron con el software estadístico SPSS 26.0. Se utilizó la prueba t pareada para comparar las medidas angulares medias antes y después del tratamiento. Una diferencia significativa en SNA (p <0,001), SNB (p <0,01) y ANB (p <0,001) entre T1 y T2 mostró una mejora en las relaciones sagitales. Se observó un cambio significativo en la postura de la columna cervical media, mientras que las variables de postura de la columna cervical superior no mostraron diferencias significativas después del tratamiento. La clase esquelética con aparato de protracción maxilar no solo condujo a la mejora de la relación sagital, sino que también cambió la postura de la columna cervical media.

Influencia del pie como receptor en la postura corporal, la simetría facial y cráneo-mandibular / The influence of foot as a receptor on body posture and on facial, mandibular and cranial symmetries

Introducción: Un apoyo plantar incorrecto puede considerarse un factor etiológico de asimetrías faciales y cráneo-mandibulares pues modifica, de forma instantánea, la relación entre el maxilar y la mandíbula. Por tanto, resulta vital identificar la etiología de estas asimetrías para establecer diagnósticos y tratamientos certeros. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del apoyo plantar en la postura corporal, la simetría facial y cráneo-mandibular en adolescentes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de enero a septiembre de 2019 con 180 adolescentes que asistieron al servicio de Ortodoncia de la Clínica Docente de Especialidades «Victoria de Santa Clara», los cuales cumplían con criterios de selección de la investigación. Se analizaron variables faciales, posturales y cefalométricas. Se determinó: la simetría facial mediante el análisis de líneas faciales, el apoyo plantar al calcular el índice cavitario, la postura corporal, según la prueba de Di Rocca, y la simetría mandibular con el método modificado de Kurt y Uysal. Se siguieron las normas éticas y fueron aplicadas la prueba de Fisher, la de McNemar, y la técnica de conglomerado. Resultados: Predominaron los adolescentes con apoyo plantar asimétrico y los pies varo. Del total de casos con asimetría facial, 72,53 % presentó apoyo plantar asimétrico, y 39,44 % planos biilíaco y biclavicular desequilibrados y divergentes. La asimetría mandibular se observó en el 56,11%, la mayoría con apoyo plantar asimétrico. Conclusiones: Se pudo constatar la influencia del apoyo plantar en la postura corporal, la simetría facial y cráneo-mandibular, pues se observó un alto grado de relación entre las variables estudiadas.

Introduction: an incorrect plantar support can be considered an etiological factor of facial, mandibular and cranial asymmetries since it instantly modifies the relationship between the maxilla and mandible. Therefore, it is vital to identify the etiology of these asymmetries to establish accurate diagnoses and treatments. Objective: to determine the influence of plantar support on body posture and on facial, mandibular and cranial symmetries in adolescents. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from January to September 2019 with 180 adolescents who were seen in the Orthodontics service at "Victoria de Santa Clara" Specialty Teaching Dental Clinic, who met the research selection criteria. Facial, postural and cephalometric variables were analyzed. Facial symmetry was determined through the analysis of facial lines, plantar support by means of cavity index, body posture according to the Di Rocca test, and mandibular symmetry with the modified method of Kurt and Uysal. Ethical standards were followed and Fisher's and McNemar's tests as well as clustering technique were applied. Results: adolescents with asymmetric plantar support and varus feet predominated. The 72.53% had asymmetric plantar support from the total cases with facial asymmetry, and 39.44% had unbalanced and divergent biiliac and biclavicular planes. Mandibular asymmetry was observed in 56.11%, mostly with asymmetric plantar support. Conclusions: the influence of plantar support on body posture and on facial, mandibular and cranial symmetries was posible to verify since a high degree of relationship was observed among the variables studied.

Percepción de los estudiantes sobre el consumo de drogas psicoactivas en su universidad / Perception of Students Regarding Psychoactive Drug Use at Their University / Percepção de estudantes sobre o consumo de drogas psicoativas na universidade

entre los jóvenes universitarios se ha observado una tolerancia creciente hacia el consumo de drogas, debido ­entre otros factores­ a una reducción en la percepción de riesgo, que puede con-tribuir a la normalización del consumo. El objetivo fue analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de unauniversidad pública mexicana sobre la situación y la gravedad del consumo de drogas en su institución mediante diversos indicadores. Materiales y métodos: se analizó la base de datos derivada de la aplica-ción del Cuestionario sobre Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes Universitarios (codeu-3), en el que partici-paron 19 815 estudiantes; se realizaron comparaciones según sexo y área académica utilizando pruebas de chi-cuadrado y el análisis post hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados: las mujeres indicaron tener una menor percepción de riesgo que los hombres sobre las variables analizadas (percepción de los participantes sobre el consumo de drogas en su facultad, venta y gravedad del consumo de drogas, según sexo y área académica y conductas de docentes y estudiantes que facilitan el consumo de alcohol y la postura de las autoridades universitarias ante estudiantes consumidores, según sexo y área académica). Conclusión: los resultados muestran diferencias en la percepción de hombres y mujeres, así como las diferencias asociadas con la adscripción de los estudiantes en las distintas áreas académicas, por lo que se sugiere profundizar el estudio de estos aspectos.

There is a growing tolerance toward drug use among university students due to a reduction in the perception of risk, which is considered as those judgments or intuitions held regarding the danger of a situation that can contribute to the normalization of consumption. This study aimed to analyze the perception of the students at a Mexican public university toward the situation and seriousness of drug use in the university using various indicators. Materials and methods: The database derived from the application of the Questionnaire on Drug Use in University Students (codeu-2 by its name in Spanish), in which 19,815 students from a Mexican public university participated, was analyzed, and comparisons were made according to gender and academic area using chi-squared tests and Bonferroni's post hocanalysis. Results: Women were reported to have a lower perception of risk than men on the variables analyzed (participants' perception of drug use in their faculty, sale and severity of drug use, according to gender and academic area, and behaviors of teachers and students that facilitate alcohol use and the position of university authorities towards student consumers, according to gender and academic area). Conclusion: The results indicated the importance of studying in greater depth the differences in the perception of men and women, as well as their affiliation in the different academic areas.

tem-se observado entre os jovens universitários uma crescente tolerância ao uso de dro-gas, devido à redução da percepção de risco, que é considerada como aqueles julgamentos ou intuições que se fazem sobre o perigo de uma situação, o que pode contribuir para a normalização do consumo. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção dos estudantes de uma universidade pública mexicana sobre a situação e a gravidade do uso de drogas em sua instituição por meio de vários indicadores. Materiais e métodos: analisou-se a base de dados derivada da aplicação do Questionário de Uso de Drogas em Estudantes Universitários (codeu-2), do qual participaram 19,815 estudantes; as comparações foram feitas de acordo com o gênero e a área acadêmica por meio de testes de qui-quadrado e análise post hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados: as mulheres relataram menor percepção de risco do que os homens nas variáveis analisadas (percepção dos participantes sobre o uso de drogas na faculdade, venda e gravidade do uso de drogas, por gênero e área acadêmica, e comportamentos de professores e alunos que facilitam o consumo de álcool e a atitude das autoridades universitárias perante estudantes consumidores, de acordo com o gênero e área acadêmica). Conclusão: os resultados mostram diferenças na percepção de homens e mulheres, bem como as diferenças associadas à inserção dos alunos nas diferentes áreas acadêmicas, para o que se sugere aprofundar o estudo desses aspectos.

Effect of posture on total hip arthroplasty through direct anterior approach / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of different postures on direct anterior approach(DAA) total hip arthroplasty.@*METHODS@#Total of 94 patients who underwent DAA total hip arthroplasty from July 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups according to different positions during the operation, including 45 cases in lateral position and 49 cases in supine position (with the aid of stent). The general data such as gender, affected limb, body mass index(BMI), incision length, operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, drainage volume 24 hours after operation, hemoglobin difference before and after operation, first landing time after operation, postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative complications, visual analogue scale(VAS) at 1 day, 1, 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months after operation, Harris score at 1, 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 months after operation were observed and compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Patients in both groups were followed up for 6 to 12 months with an average of (8.31±2.22) months. There was no significant difference between two groups in gender, affected limb, age, height, weight, body mass index(BMI), preoperative VAS score and preoperative Harris score(P>0.05). The incision length, operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, 24-hour drainage volume, hemoglobin difference before and after operation, first time to the ground and postoperative hospitalization time of patients in supine position (assisted by stent) group were all better than those in lateral position group(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in the number of blood transfusions during and after operation(P=0.550). There was no significant difference in anteversion angle and abduction angle in the supine position(with the aid of stent) group during and after operation (P=0.825, P=0.066);There was significant difference in anteversion angle and abduction angle in the lateral position group during and after operation(P<0.05). VAS of patients in supine position (assisted by stent) group were lower than those in lateral position group at 1 day, 1, 2 weeks and 1 month after operation(P<0.05), and there was no statistical difference between two groups at 3 and 6 months after operation(P>0.05). Harris scores of patients in supine position(assisted by stent) group were higher than those in lateral position group at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after operation(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between two groups at 6 months after operation(P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with the lateral position, the supine position DAA total hip arthroplasty has the advantages of small incision, short operation time, less bleeding, early landing time, short hospitalization time, and small intraoperative acetabular cup position judgment error. It has the advantage of fast postoperative recovery, but the recovery of hip joint function is the same after 6 months.

The effect of visual-vestibular sensory input consistency on standing stability and electroencephalogram brain network characteristics in the elderly / 生理学报

Aging is a crucial factor influencing postural stability control and contributing to frequent falls, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aims to explore the effects of aging on postural stability control by comparing differences in postural stability and node strength of electroencephalogram (EEG) brain network between elderly and young people under the conditions of congruent and incongruent visual-vestibular sensory inputs. Eighteen elderly volunteers without neuromuscular disorders and eighteen young individuals participated in the present study. Virtual reality (VR) technology was employed to manipulate visual rotation stimuli (clockwise and counterclockwise), and a horizontal rotating platform was used for vestibular rotation stimuli (clockwise). Based on the directional disparity of sensory input in the horizontal plane, visual-vestibular input consistency was categorized as congruent and incongruent. Postural stability was assessed by the center of pressure (COP) trajectory, and EEG signals were collected and analyzed using directed network analysis to observe EEG brain network node connectivity strength. The results revealed that, under conditions of incongruent visual-vestibular sensory inputs, the elderly exhibited significantly inferior postural stability performance in terms of COP anterior-posterior (Y-axial) sway speed, total path length, anterior-posterior and medial-lateral sample entropy, compared to the young adults. Moreover, the node connectivity strength of visual cortex in the elderly was notably higher, while node connectivity strength of superior temporal cortex was significantly lower than that in the young adults. These findings suggest that the elderly have a heightened reliance on visual information in postural control and an impaired ability to cope with sensory conflicts arising from incongruent visual-vestibular sensory inputs, leading to compromised postural stability. The outcomes of this study hold significant implications for future assessments of balance function in the elder and fall prevention trainings.

Sitmate: an android mobile application for the prevention of musculoskeletal discomfort among a business process outsourcing company workforce management personnel / The Health Sciences Journal

INTRODUCTION@#Due to COVID-19 pandemic, many have shifted into working at home which led to physical inactivity. This may cause musculoskeletal discomfort, chronic disease, muscle atrophy and spinal imbalance due to improper and prolonged sitting posture. Since mobile devices are relatively available for most of the office workers, there were still a lack of evidence-based mobile applications that can counteract the inactivity through exercises, which led to the researchers to create an application called SitMate that consists of evidence-based exercises which aimed to prevent musculoskeletal discomfort among a business process outsourcing company Workforce Management Personnel (BPO-WMP).@*METHODS@#Eleven participants (18-40 years old) full-time, work-from-home BPO-WMP were randomized into Treatment Group(TG)(n=6) and Control Group (CG)(n=5). The TG received one month intervention with the use of SitMate Application containing relaxation exercises, range of motion exercises and stretching exercises, and notifications for postural correction while the CG continued their usual working schedule.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences between two groups on all body parts that were measured using the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, and no significant differences in the intragroup pre-test and post-test scores on all body parts between TG and CG. For the intra-group post-test of the TG, there were noted improvements on the hip/buttock, right shoulder, upper back (median = 0) and right wrist (median = 1.5). There was also a noted increase in discomfort on the neck (median = 1.5) and lower back (median = 3). For the post-test of the CG, there were noted improvements on the right shoulder, right wrist (median = 0) and lower back (median = 1.5).@*CONCLUSION@#This study has shown that the SitMate application does not effectively reduce the prolonged sitting-related discomfort among the personnel after 1 month of intervention.

Development of Human Vital Signs and Body Posture Monitoring and Positioning Alarm Systems / 中国医疗器械杂志

In view of the high incidence of malignant diseases such as malignant arrhythmias in the elderly population, accidental injuries such as falls, and the problem of no witnesses when danger occurs, the study developed a human vital signs and body posture monitoring and positioning alarm system. Through the collection and analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration (RESP) and acceleration (ACC) signals, the system monitors human vital signs and body posture in real time, automatically judges critical states such as malignant arrhythmias and accidental falls on the local device side, and then issues alarm information, opens the positioning function, and uploads physiological information and patient location information through 4G communication. Experiments have shown that the system can accurately determine the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation and falls, and issue position and alarm information.

Effects of core stability training on specific strength in wrestlers / Efeitos do treinamento de estabilidade do core sobre a força específica em lutadores / Efectos del entrenamiento de la estabilidad del core en la fuerza específica en luchadores

ABSTRACT Introduction: Boxing is characterized by a high degree of combination of strength and skill and belongs to the sports group of enduring strength and skill combined with long-term continuous whole-body strength output to achieve good results in competition. Therefore, athletes pay more attention to the skills they use all the time, and it is very important to master the techniques correctly and reasonably distribute physical strength accurately. Objective: Explore the effect of core stability training on the specific strength of wrestlers. Methods: 12 top junior level athletes of a provincial women's wrestling team as research objects, 12 people in total, and randomly divided into control and experimental groups with six people. Results: After the test, the data changes in the experimental group were highly significant compared to before and after the experiment (P<0.01). The data changes between the experimental and control groups were significantly different before and after the experiment (p<0.05), showing that the special strength of core stability training fighters has a small increase. Conclusion: Core stability training is useful for the specific strength of wrestlers. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O boxe é caracterizado por um alto grau de combinação de força e habilidade, e pertence ao grupo esportivo de força duradoura e habilidade combinado com a saída contínua de força contínua do corpo inteiro, a longo prazo, para obter bons resultados na competição. Portanto, os atletas prestam mais atenção às habilidades dos atletas no uso de técnicas a todo o instante, e é muito importante dominar corretamente as técnicas e distribuir razoavelmente força física com precisão. Objetivo: Explorar o efeito do treinamento de estabilidade do core sobre a força específica dos lutadores. Métodos: 12 atletas de nível júnior de primeira linha de uma equipe de luta feminina provincial como objetos de pesquisa, 12 pessoas no total, e aleatoriamente dividida em grupo de controle e grupo experimental com 6 pessoas em cada grupo. Resultados: Após o teste, as alterações de dados, quando comparados ao antes e depois do experimento no grupo experimental, foram altamente significativas (P<0.01). As mudanças de dados entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle foram significativamente diferentes antes e depois do experimento (p<0.05), mostrando que a força especial dos lutadores de treinamento de estabilidade central tem um pequeno aumento. Conclusão: O treinamento de estabilidade do core mostrou-se útil para a força específica dos lutadores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El boxeo se caracteriza por un alto grado de combinación de fuerza y destreza, y pertenece al grupo de deportes de fuerza y destreza duraderas combinadas con la producción continua de fuerza de todo el cuerpo a largo plazo para obtener buenos resultados en la competición. Por lo tanto, los atletas prestan más atención a las habilidades de los atletas en el uso de las técnicas todo el tiempo, y es muy importante dominar las técnicas correctamente y distribuir razonablemente la fuerza física con precisión. Objetivo: Explorar el efecto del entrenamiento de la estabilidad del core en la fuerza específica de los luchadores. Métodos: 12 atletas de alto nivel de un equipo provincial de lucha femenina como objetos de investigación, 12 personas en total, y divididas aleatoriamente en grupo de control y grupo experimental con 6 personas en cada grupo. Resultados: Después de la prueba, los cambios en los datos comparados antes y después del experimento en el grupo experimental fueron altamente significativos (P<0,01). Los cambios de datos entre el grupo experimental y el grupo de control fueron significativamente diferentes antes y después del experimento (p<0,05), lo que demuestra que la fuerza especial de los combatientes de entrenamiento de la estabilidad del core tiene un pequeño aumento. Conclusión: Se ha demostrado que el entrenamiento de la estabilidad del núcleo es útil para la fuerza específica de los luchadores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Intervenciones ergonómicas y su impacto en la profesión odontológica / Ergonomic interventions and their impact on the dental profession / Intervenções ergonômicas e seu impacto sobre a profissão odontológica

Introducción: los desórdenes músculoesqueletales tienen una alta prevalencia en la población general y en particular, en el área salud, los profesionales de la odontología representan una población altamente vulnerable, debido a características particulares del ejercicio de su profesión. Es creciente el estudio de diferentes intervenciones ergonómicas y el impacto que estas pueden tener sobre la reducción de la sintomatología muscular y en el desarrollo y/o la perpetuación de estos cuadros disfuncionales. Materiales y método: se realizó una revisión, de tipo narrativa, entre los meses de abril de 2022 y agosto de 2022. Se consultaron base de datos tales como MedLine/PubMed y Scielo, incluyendo artículos publicados en los últimos diez años. Resultados: se obtuvieron un total de 71 artículos, de los cuales, se excluyeron 30 trabajos, resultando en 41 los artículos incluidos en la presente síntesis cualitativa. Conclusiones: las intervenciones ergonómicas están dirigidas básicamente, a cambios en los ambientes de trabajo de los profesionales y/o a la implementación de programas que tienen como objetivo instruir y concientizar a los profesionales sobre criterios ergonómicos para su incorporación en el desempeño de su trabajo. Ambos enfoques intervencionistas, han sido evaluados con herramientas validadas de autopercepción, exámenes clínicos y evaluaciones instrumentales. Las estrategias que focalizan el problema, en los espacios de trabajo, y aquellas que, incluyen educación y formación en ergonomía, disminuyen el impacto de los desórdenes músculoesqueletales en esta población. Estas últimas, tienen la potencialidad de provocar cambios en los hábitos de los profesionales, con conductas que se mantienen a mediano plazo.

Introduction: musculoskeletal disorders have a high prevalence in the general population and in particular, in the health area, dental professionals represent a highly vulnerable population, due to the particular characteristics of the practice of their profession. The study of different ergonomic interventions and the impact they can have on the reduction of muscular symptomatology and on the development and/or perpetuation of these dysfunctional conditions is growing. Method: a narrative review was carried out between April 2022 and August 2022. Databases such as MedLine/PubMed and Scielo were consulted, including articles published in the last ten years. Results: a total of 71 articles were obtained, of which 30 were excluded, resulting in 41 articles included in this qualitative synthesis. Conclusions: ergonomic interventions are basically aimed at changes in the working environments of professionals and/or the implementation of programs aimed at instructing and making professionals aware of ergonomic criteria for their incorporation in their work performance. Both interventionist approaches have been evaluated with validated self-perception tools, clinical examinations and instrumental evaluations. Strategies that focus the problem in the workplace and those that include education and training in ergonomics reduce the impact of musculoskeletal disorders in this population. The latter have the potential to provoke changes in the habits of professionals, with behaviors that are maintained in the medium term.

Introdução: os distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos são altamente prevalentes na população em geral e, em particular, na área da saúde, os profissionais da odontologia representam uma população altamente vulnerável, devido às características particulares do exercício de sua profissão. O estudo de diferentes intervenções ergonômicas e o impacto que elas podem ter na redução dos sintomas musculares e no desenvolvimento e/ou perpetuação dessas condições disfuncionais está crescendo. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma revisão narrativa entre abril de 2022 e agosto de 2022. Bases de dados como MedLine/PubMed e Scielo foram consultadas, incluindo artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos. Resultados: foram obtidos um total de 71 artigos, dos quais 30 foram excluídos, resultando em 41 artigos incluídos nesta síntese qualitativa. Conclusões: as intervenções ergonômicas visam basicamente a mudanças nos ambientes de trabalho dos profissionais e/ou a implementação de programas que visam instruir e conscientizar os profissionais sobre critérios ergonômicos para sua incorporação em seu trabalho. Ambas as abordagens intervencionistas foram avaliadas com ferramentas validadas de autopercepção, exames clínicos e avaliações instrumentais. As estratégias que visam o problema no local de trabalho e aquelas que incluem educação e treinamento em ergonomia reduzem o impacto dos distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos nesta população. Estes últimos têm o potencial de provocar mudanças nos hábitos dos profissionais, com comportamentos que são mantidos a médio prazo.

Postural Hypervigilance and Perception of Correct Sitting Posture in Individuals With and Without Low Back Pain / Hipervigilância postural e percepção da postura correta sentada em indivíduos com e sem dor lombar

Abstract Objectives To verify if there is a difference in postural hypervigilance in sitting in individuals with and without low back pain. Additionally, to observe whether there is a difference in the perception of correct sitting posture between individuals with low back pain and without low back pain. Methods The present study has a cross-sectional observational design, as a sample size of 92 individuals, later divided equally into two groups (with low back pain and without low back pain). Two instruments were used: the hypervigilance scale to analyze the frequency that volunteers correct their sitting posture during the day, and posture scans to investigate the perception of volunteers about the correct sitting posture. The data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk Normality test. To compare the values of Hypervigilance Scale, the Mann-Whitney, Chi-Square, and Fisher Exact tests were used to assess correct sitting posture. Results There was no significant difference between postural hypervigilance in sitting between individuals with low back pain and without low back pain. There was no significant difference between the choice of correct sitting posture between the group of individuals with and without low back pain. Conclusion There is no difference between the choice of correct sitting posture and the amount of postural hypervigilance in individuals with or without low back pain.

Resumo Objetivos Verificar se há diferença na hipervigilância postural sentada em indivíduos com e sem dor lombar. Além disso, observar se há diferença na percepção da postura correta sentada entre indivíduos com dor lombar e sem dor lombar. Métodos O presente estudo possui delineamento observacional transversal, como tamanho amostral de 92 indivíduos, posteriormente divididos igualmente em dois grupos (com dor lombar e sem dor lombar). Foram utilizados dois instrumentos: a escala de hipervigilância para analisar a frequência que voluntários corrigem a postura sentada no dia; e o quadro de posturas para investigar a percepção dos voluntários sobre a postura correta sentada. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk. Para comparar os valores da Escala de Hipervigilância foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney e o teste Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher para avaliação da postura correta sentada. Resultados Não houve diferença significativa entre a hipervigilância postural sentada entre indivíduos com dor lombar e sem dor lombar. Não houve diferença significativa entre a escolha da postura correta sentada entre o grupo de indivíduos com e sem dor lombar. Conclusão Não há diferença entre a escolha da postura correta sentada e quantidade de hipervigilância postural em indivíduos com ou sem dor lombar.

Factores de riscos ergonómicos e prevalência de distúrbios músculo- esqueléticos (Dme) em trabalhadores de escritórios / Ergonomic risk factors and prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (Msd) in office workers / Factores de riesgo ergonómicos y prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos (Tm) en trabajadores de oficina

Introdução: Os trabalhadores que exercem actividades de escritórios usando computadores como principal instrumento, estão sujeitos ao desenvolvimento de distúrbios músculo- esqueléticos devido a posição sentada adotada prolongadas horas nesses ambientes. Objectivo: Avaliar os fatores de riscos ergonómicos e a prevalência de distúrbios músculo esqueléticos em trabalhadores dos escritórios da empresa de segurança G4S Secure Solutions Moçambique. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 58 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade compreendidas entre 20 e 55 anos. Foi usado uma ficha para o registo das conformidades ergonómicas dos materiais dos escritórios bem como avaliar a postura do trabalhador por meio de observação, posteriormente estimadas as probabilidades de ocorrência e a severidade dos riscos. Os dados relativos a ocorrência dos DME foi obtida com recurso ao questionário Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Resultados: Os principais riscos ergonómicos observados foram o posicionamento material informático em relação ao trabalhador, a postura destes durante o trabalho e por fim o estado do mobiliário. E os relacionados com ajustamento do monitor e a postura da cabeça e pescoço foram os que tiveram maior índice de severidade. A maioria relatou ter sentido desconforto músculo-esquelético em pelo menos uma região do corpo, tendo grande parte se queixado das regiões cervical, lombar, punhos/mão e região torácica. Conclusões: Com base nos resultados da presente pesquisa pode se afirmar que nos escritórios da empresa estudada existem riscos ergonómicos a ter em conta, principalmente os relacionados com a organização de material do trabalho e a postura dos trabalhadores sendo evidente pela elevada prevalência de distúrbios músculo-esquelético.

Introduction: Workers who perform office activities using computers as their main instrument are exposed to the development of musculoskeletal disorders due to the sitting position adopted for prolonged hours in these environments. Objective: To assess ergonomic risk factors and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in office workers of the security company G4S Secure Solutions Mozambique. Methods: 58 individuals of both sexes participated in the study, aged between 20 and 55 years. A form was used to record the ergonomic compliance of office materials as well as to evaluate the posture of the worker through observation, later estimating the probabilities of occurrence and the severity of the risks. Data on the occurrence of MSDs was obtained using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Results: The main ergonomic risks observed were the positioning of the computer material in relation to the worker, their posture during work and, finally, the condition of the furniture. And those related to monitor adjustment and head and neck posture were the ones with the highest severity index. Most reported having felt musculoskeletal discomfort in at least one region of the body, with most complaining of cervical, lumbar, wrists/hand and thoracic regions. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present research, it can be stated that in the offices of the studied company there are ergonomic risks to be taken into account, mainly those related to the organization of work material and the posture of the workers, which is evident due to the high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.

Introducción: Los trabajadores que realizan actividades de oficina utilizando ordenadores como herramienta principal, están sujetos al desarrollo de trastornos musculoesqueléticos debido a la posición sentada adoptada durante horas prolongadas en estos entornos. Objetivo: Evaluar los factores de riesgo ergonómico y la prevalencia de los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en los trabajadores de oficina de la empresa de seguridad G4S Secure Solutions Mozambique. Métodos: 58 individuos de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 55 años, participaron en el estudio. Se utilizó un formulario para registrar las conformidades ergonómicas de los materiales de oficina, así como para evaluar la postura del trabajador a través de la observación, posteriormente se estimó la probabilidad de ocurrencia y la severidad de los riesgos. Los datos relativos a la aparición de EMD se obtuvieron mediante el Cuestionario Musculoesquelético Nórdico. Resultados: Los principales riesgos ergonómicos observados fueron la colocación del material informático en relación con el trabajador, su postura durante el trabajo y, por último, el estado del mobiliario. Y los relacionados con el ajuste del monitor y la postura de la cabeza y el cuello fueron los que presentaron el mayor índice de gravedad. La mayoría declaró haber sentido molestias musculoesqueléticas en al menos una región del cuerpo, y la mayoría se quejaba de las regiones cervical, lumbar, muñeca/mano y torácica. Conclusiones: En base a los resultados de esta investigación se puede afirmar que en las oficinas de la empresa estudiada existen riesgos ergonómicos a tener en cuenta, especialmente los relacionados con la organización del material de trabajo y la postura de los trabajadores quedando patente por la alta prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos.

Características demográficas y laborales del personal de enfermería con lumbalgia en hospital público de Corrientes, 2021 / Demographic and occupational characteristics of the nursing staff with low back pain in the public hospital of Corrientes, 2021

El dolor lumbar es una enfermedad laboral frecuente en enfermería, asociado a exigencias del cargo y múltiples causas. La intensidad varía según postura y actividad física, acompañándose de limitación dolorosa del movimiento, ser localizado, referido o irradiado. Objetivo: Determinar las características demográficas y laborales del personal de enfermería que presenta dolor lumbar de un hospital público de Corrientes, capital en el año 2021. Metodología: Diseño cuantitativo, transversal, observacional. Población 170 trabajadores de enfermería del hospital. Se incluyeron aquellos con dolor lumbar y que no cursaban enfermedades crónicas o invalidantes. Los datos se recogieron mediante cuestionario de elaboración propia, validado mediante prueba piloto. Variables: edad, género, formación en enfermería, frecuencia, intensidad y duración del dolor, principal tipo de dolor, tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico, principal situación generadora, tipo de trabajo realizado, turno y antigüedad laboral. Resultados: Se analizaron las respuestas de 115 trabajadores con dolor lumbar; amplitud etaria 22 a 62 años, promedio 36 años; 67% mujeres. El dolor lumbar fue diario en 22%, frecuente en 35%, ocasional en 43%. Según intensidad, 13% manifestó dolor leve, 47% moderado y 40% severo. El dolor era diario en 10% de jóvenes, en 20% de adultos jóvenes, en 45% de adultos intermedios y en 59% de adultos tardíos. En duración, el 73% lo padecía en forma aguda y el 27% crónica. En localización del dolor, el 75% indicó padecer dolor localizado y 25% irradiado. Principales situaciones generadoras de lumbalgia, 51% al movilizar pacientes, 23% al permanecer de pie, 18% al trasladar objetos pesados. En la percepción del personal sobre tipo de trabajo habitual, el 41% indicó pesado y 12% muy pesado. El 86%de los encuestados utilizó AINES. Conclusión: La intensidad del dolor lumbar es menor en el personal más joven respecto a los mayores. Los más jóvenes refieren dolor localizado, los de mayor edad dolor irradiado. El principal desencadenante del dolor lumbar es la movilización de pacientes[AU]

Low back pain is a common occupational disease in nursing, associated with the demands of the position and multiple causes. Te intensity varies according to posture and physical activity, accompanied by painful limitation of movement, being localized, referred or irradiated. Objective: To determine the demographic and labor characteristics of the nursing staff that presents low back pain in a public hospital in Corrientes, capital in the year 2021. Methodology: Quantitative, cross-sectional, observational design. Population 170 hospital nursing workers. Tose with low back pain and who did not have chronic or disabling diseases were included. Te data was collected through a self-prepared questionnaire, validated through a pilot test. Variables: age, gender, nursing training, frequency, intensity and duration of pain, main type of pain, pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment, main generating situation, type of work performed, shif and work seniority. Results: Te responses of 115 workers with low back pain were analyzed; age range 22 to 62 years, average 36 years; 67% women. Low back pain was daily in 22%, frequent in 35%, occasional in 43%. According to intensity, 13% reported mild pain, 47% moderate and 40% severe. Pain was daily in 10% of youth, 20% of young adults, 45% of middle adults, and 59% of late adults. In duration, 73% suffered from it acutely and 27% chronically. In pain location, 75% indicated localized pain and 25% irradiated. Main situations that generate low back pain, 51% when moving patients, 23% when standing, 18% when moving heavy objects. In the perception of the personnel on the type of habitual work, 41% indicated heavy and 12% very heavy. 86% of those surveyed used NSAIDs. Conclusion: Te intensity of low back pain is lower in the younger staff compared to the older ones. Te youngest refer localized pain, the oldest radiated pain. Te main trigger of low back pain is the mobilization of patients[AU]

A lombalgia é uma doença ocupacional comum na enfermagem, associada às demandas do cargo e a múltiplas causas. A intensidade varia de acordo com a postura e atividade física, acompanhada de limitação dolorosa do movimento, sendo localizada, referida ou irradiada. Objetivo: Determinar as características demográfcas e laborais da equipe de enfermagem que apresenta lombalgia em um hospital público de Corrientes, capital no ano de 2021. Metodologia: Desenho quantitativo, transversal, observacional. População 170 trabalhadores de enfermagem hospitalar. Foram incluídos aqueles com lombalgia e que não possuíam doenças crônicas ou incapacitantes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário autoelaborado, validado por meio de um teste piloto. Variáveis: idade, sexo, formação do enfermeiro, frequência, intensidade e duração da dor, principal tipo de dor, tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico, principal situação geradora, tipo de trabalho realizado, turno e antiguidade no trabalho. Resultados: Foram analisadas as respostas de 115 trabalhadores com lombalgia; faixa etária de 22 a 62 anos, média de 36 anos; 67% mulheres. A dor lombar foi diária em 22%, frequente em 35%, ocasional em 43%. De acordo com a intensidade, 13% relataram dor leve, 47% moderada e 40% intensa. A dor foi diária em 10% dos jovens, 20% dos adultos jovens, 45% dos adultos intermediários e 59% dos adultos tardios. Em duração, 73% sofriam agudamente e 27% cronicamente. Na localização da dor, 75% indicaram dor localizada e 25% irradiada. Principais situações que geram lombalgia, 51% ao movimentar pacientes, 23% ao fcar em pé, 18% ao movimentar objetos pesados. Na percepção do pessoal sobre o tipo de trabalho habitual, 41% indicaram pesado e 12% muito pesado. 86% dos entrevistados usaram AINEs. Conclusão: A intensidade da dor lombar é menor na equipe mais jovem em comparação com a mais velha. Os mais jovens referem dor localizada, os mais velhos referem dor irradiada. O principal desencadeador da lombalgia é a mobilização dos pacientes[AU]

A influência da intervenção precoce no desenvolvimento motor, cognitivo e social de bebês de risco / The influence of early intervention in motor, cognitive and social development of risk babies

Verificar a influência da Atenção Precoce (AP) no desenvolvimento de bebês nos aspectos motores, cognitivos e sociais de bebês de risco que participam do programa de intervenção motora precoce (PIMP). Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ex post facto. A coleta de dados foi realizada em uma Clínica de Fisioterapia e a amostra foi composta por sete bebês de ambos os sexos que realizaram por quatro meses atendimentos de AP, duas vezes por semana, por 50 minutos. As atividades realizadas perfazem o campo motor, cognitivo e social. Resultados: O grupo foi homogêneo em relação às características. As atividades referentes à postura e deslocamento melhorou em 85% dos bebês, exploração de objetos manualmente em 71% e o reconhecimento da função de objetos 57%. A atividade de execução de tarefas a pedido foi a que menos os bebês evoluíram (57%). Conclusão: A intervenção precoce traz benefícios sobre o desenvolvimento motor e social dos bebês de risco. O desenvolvimento cognitivo, que representa tarefas com mais redes neuronais envolvidas, necessita de mais tempo para ser avaliada. (AU)

To verify the influence of Early Attention (AP) on the development of infants in the motor, cognitive and social aspects of at-risk babies participating in the Early Motor Intervention Program (PIMP). Materials and Methods: This is an ex post facto study. Data collection was performed at a Physiotherapy Clinic and the sample consisted of seven infants of both sexes who underwent AP appointments twice a week for 50 minutes. The activities carried out comprise the motor, cognitive and social fields. Results: The group was homogeneous in relation to the characteristics. The activities related to posture and displacement, improved in 85% of the babies, exploitation of objects manually by 71% and recognition of the function of objects by 57%. The on-task task activity was the one with the least babies (57%). Conclusion: Early intervention brings benefits to the motor and social development of at-risk babies. Cognitive development, which represents tasks with more neural networks involved, requires more time to be evaluated. (AU)

Enfoque integral en el diagnóstico del patrón esquelético maxilomandibular, la postura corporal y cráneo-cervical / A comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of the maxillomandibular skeletal pattern, body posture and craniocervical position

Introducción: Los principios biomecánicos de cabeza y cuello cobran un interés especial en el campo de la ortodoncia y la ortopedia dentomaxilofacial. Cualquier anomalía debe ser analizada y tratada dentro del sistema cráneo-cérvico-mandibular con un enfoque integral. Objetivo: Describir la relación entre el patrón esquelético maxilomandibular sagital, la postura corporal y la posición cráneo-cervical en adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, desarrollado entre marzo del 2018 a junio del 2019. La muestra estuvo conformada por 105 adolescentes del séptimo grado de la ESBU "Eduardo Anoceto Rega", de Santa Clara. Se determinó el patrón esquelético maxilomandibular de clase I, II y III midiendo la convexidad facial del cefalogramas de Ricketts; la posición cráneo-cervical de extensión, normoinclinación y flexión con el cefalograma de Rocabado; el tipo de postura con el método de Bricot. Se siguieron las normas éticas y fueron aplicados los estadígrafos chi cuadrado, F de Fisher y estadístico de Welch. Resultados: La postura D (espalda plana y plano escapular anterior) predominó en todas las clases esqueléticas 64,76 por ciento de los adolescentes, seguido de la postura C (plano escapular posterior). En la clase II, después de la postura D siguió la postura B (plano escapular y glúteo alineados con aumento de las curvas anteriores) con un 6,22 por ciento. Predominó la normoinclinación cráneo-cervical 46,67 por ciento y la flexión 42,86 por ciento. En la clase III predominó la flexión y el ángulo posteroinferior de Rocabado mayor respecto a las otras clases esqueléticas de 107º. Conclusiones: La posición del cráneo respecto a las estructuras cervicales, asociada a las características de cada clase esquelética, puede ser un indicador importante en el diagnóstico morfológico. A pesar de las muchas investigaciones en este campo, aún no se puede hablar de consenso en cuanto al grado de relación entre la postura craneocervical y las maloclusiones(AU)

Introduction: Head and neck biomechanical principles are particularly relevant in the fields of orthodontics and dentomaxillofacial orthopedics. Any anomaly should be analyzed and treated within the cranio-cervical-mandibular system applying a comprehensive approach. Objective: Describe the relationship between the sagittal maxillomandibular skeletal pattern, body posture and craniocervical position in adolescents. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2018 to June 2019. The study sample was 105 adolescents attending seventh grade at Eduardo Anoceto Rega junior high school in Santa Clara. Determination was made of maxillomandibular skeletal patterns Classes I, II and III, measuring the facial convexity in Ricketts' cephalograms, craniocervical extension, normal inclination and flexion positions with Rocabado's cephalogram, and posture type with Bricot's method. Ethical standards were complied with. Use was made of the statistical tests chi-square, Fisher's F and Welch's. Results: Posture D (flat back and anterior scapular plane) prevailed in all skeletal classes: 64.76 percent of the adolescents, followed by posture C (posterior scapular plane). In Class II, posture D was followed by posture B (scapular and gluteal plane aligned with increased anterior curves): 6.22 percent. A predominance was observed of craniocervical normal inclination: 46.67 percent and flexion: 42.86 percent. In Class III, Rocabado's flexion and posteroinferior angle were more common than the remaining 107º skeletal classes. Conclusions: Cranial position with respect to cervical structures, according to the characteristics of each skeletal class, may be an important indicator in morphological diagnosis. Despite the large number of studies conducted in this field, consensus has not been achieved about the degree of relationship between craniocervical posture and malocclusions(AU)