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Background: this study was done to give insight about the clinical and microbiological profile of UTI in DKD and its therapeutic outcome. Methods: Patient known case of DKD presenting with signs and symptoms of UTI were included in study. Patients known case of diabetes having diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria with at least UACR of >30 mg/gm of creatinine were considered as having DKD. Results: We found, most common presenting symptom was fever, present among 35 (47.29%) patients followed by increased frequency of urination among 30 (40.54%) patients. Burning micturition and dysuria/flank pain was present among 20 (27.02%) patients and 10 (13.51%) patients respectively, lower abdominal pain in 08 (10.81%) patients. 52 (70.27%) patients’ culture were sterile and 22 (29.73%) patients’ culture were non-sterile. Out of 22 patients of non-sterile cultures, 16 (72.72%) patients have lower UTI compared to 06 (27.27%) patients with Upper UTI. E. coli was the most common organism cultured in both types of UTIs. Fungal growth (Candida tropicalis) was seen in 03 (50%) patient, all were cases of upper UTI. Conclusions: The clinical and microbiological profile of UTI in DKD doesn’t differ from UTI in diabetics and non-diabetics except for prolonged and severe course of disease. The microbiological susceptibility also doesn’t differ much. Lower age is associated with lower UTI. Upper urinary tract involvement is associated significantly with progression of CKD. Involvement of upper urinary tract should be sought in UTI in diabetics and patient with DKD and if found should be aggressively treated.
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Background: The diagnosis and treatment of acute kidney injury in pregnancy is a challenge to the physician as various pathophysiological changes take place during pregnancy, variability of symptoms and occasionally overlapping laboratory and clinical features. The occurrences of feto-maternal mortality associated with it decreased in developing nations due to increased prenatal and postnatal care and improved medical facilities. This study was undertaken to provide insight into feto-maternal outcome in patients presenting with acute kidney injury (AKI) during pregnancy. Methods: This was an open label prospective hospital-based cohort study comprising patients admitted in obstetrics and nephrology wards, presenting with AKI and no known chronic illnesses prior to pregnancy. Following criteria were used to diagnose AKI during pregnancy: (a) Elevation of S. creatinine ? 1 mg/dl; (b) Oligo-anuria for ? 12 hours and (c) Need for RRT. 50 such cases were enrolled in the study. Results: Out of all patients enrolled, majority (60%) had improved renal function, 16% expired, and 24% had no recovery in renal function. Out of all patients taken for haemodialysis, 20% of patients had improved renal function, 20% expired and 60% had no recovery in renal function. Mean S. creatinine on 3 months follow-up in conservative group found-1.67±1.31 mg/dl. 60% pregnancies resulted in the birth of a live baby and rest resulted in foetal loss. Conclusions: In our study, it was found that acute kidney injury in pregnancy results in significant feto-maternal mortality and morbidity. Those patients, who had significant renal derangement and concomitant complications, had poorer outcome.
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Background: To develop the high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) finger print profile of hydroalcoholic and ethylalcohol extracts of seeds of Tudri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri). Methods: Chromatographic technique was used for separation of components from hydroalcoholic and ethylalcohol extracts of seeds and HPTLC was carried out using CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat V applicator, and WinCATS software. Results: HPTLC profiling of the extract confirm the presence of various phytochemicals. At 640 nm HPTLC finger print of hydroalcoholic extract revealed 16 components with Rf=0.05-0.94 while ethylalcohol extracts revealed 19 components peaks with Rf=0.07 to 0.96. Well separated and compact greenish, yellow and pink bands were visualized using anisaldehyde sulphuric acid reagent. Conclusions: We conclude that HPTLC fingerprint profiling of seed extracts of Tudri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri) revels presence of various compounds and can be utilized as a marker for standardization and proper identification of the plant material to be used for preparation of traditional drugs.
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Abstract The present study describes the haematological profile, feeding preference, and comparison of morphometric characters of blue rock pigeon (Columba livia) breeding pairs. For this purpose, 25 pairs (25 samples per sex) were sampled through Mist nets from district Okara and Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. Birds were then anaesthetized with a combination of ketamine HCL (10 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) and subjected to morphometric measurements. 5µL blood also was taken from the jugular vein of each anaesthetized bird for haematological analysis. Few pairs were also dissected to remove gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) for food preferences. Results revealed that there are no significant differences in the haematological parameters and feeding preference of breeding pairs of Columba livia. The gut analysis further revealed, the major portion of gut contents consisted of pea and corn in most of the pairs. Regarding the mensural measurements, significant differences were recorded in the body weight, length of the longest primary feather, and chest circumference, whereas the rest of the studied parameters remain nonsignificant between sexes. So, it is concluded that apart from 3 morphometric parameters (body weight, length of longest primary feather and chest circumference), both sexes are alike in term of morphometry, haematology and food preference.
Resumo O presente estudo descreve o perfil hematológico, a preferência alimentar e a comparação de caracteres morfométricos de casais reprodutores de pombo-rocha (Columba livia). Para tanto, 25 pares (25 amostras por sexo) foram amostrados por meio de redes de névoa do distrito de Okara e Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Paquistão. As aves foram então anestesiadas com uma combinação de cetamina HCL (10 mg/kg) e diazepam (0,2 mg/kg) e submetidas a medidas morfométricas; 5 µL de sangue também foram retirados da veia jugular de cada ave anestesiada para análise hematológica. Poucos pares também foram dissecados para remover o trato gastrointestinal (GITs) para preferências alimentares. Os resultados revelaram que não há diferenças significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos e na preferência alimentar dos casais reprodutores de Columba livia. A análise intestinal revelou ainda que a maior parte do conteúdo intestinal consistia em ervilha e milho na maioria dos pares. Em relação às medidas mensurais, foram registradas diferenças significativas no peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica, enquanto os demais parâmetros estudados permanecem não significativos entre os sexos. Assim, conclui-se que além de três parâmetros morfométricos (peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica), ambos os sexos são semelhantes em termos de morfometria, hematologia e preferência alimentar.
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Animales , Columbidae , Preferencias Alimentarias , Pakistán , Plumas , FitomejoramientoRESUMEN
The present study describes the haematological profile, feeding preference, and comparison of morphometric characters of blue rock pigeon (Columba livia) breeding pairs. For this purpose, 25 pairs (25 samples per sex) were sampled through Mist nets from district Okara and Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. Birds were then anaesthetized with a combination of ketamine HCL (10 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) and subjected to morphometric measurements. 5µL blood also was taken from the jugular vein of each anaesthetized bird for haematological analysis. Few pairs were also dissected to remove gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) for food preferences. Results revealed that there are no significant differences in the haematological parameters and feeding preference of breeding pairs of Columba livia. The gut analysis further revealed, the major portion of gut contents consisted of pea and corn in most of the pairs. Regarding the mensural measurements, significant differences were recorded in the body weight, length of the longest primary feather, and chest circumference, whereas the rest of the studied parameters remain nonsignificant between sexes. So, it is concluded that apart from 3 morphometric parameters (body weight, length of longest primary feather and chest circumference), both sexes are alike in term of morphometry, haematology and food preference.
O presente estudo descreve o perfil hematológico, a preferência alimentar e a comparação de caracteres morfométricos de casais reprodutores de pombo-rocha (Columba livia). Para tanto, 25 pares (25 amostras por sexo) foram amostrados por meio de redes de névoa do distrito de Okara e Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Paquistão. As aves foram então anestesiadas com uma combinação de cetamina HCL (10 mg/kg) e diazepam (0,2 mg/kg) e submetidas a medidas morfométricas; 5 µL de sangue também foram retirados da veia jugular de cada ave anestesiada para análise hematológica. Poucos pares também foram dissecados para remover o trato gastrointestinal (GITs) para preferências alimentares. Os resultados revelaram que não há diferenças significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos e na preferência alimentar dos casais reprodutores de Columba livia. A análise intestinal revelou ainda que a maior parte do conteúdo intestinal consistia em ervilha e milho na maioria dos pares. Em relação às medidas mensurais, foram registradas diferenças significativas no peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica, enquanto os demais parâmetros estudados permanecem não significativos entre os sexos. Assim, conclui-se que além de três parâmetros morfométricos (peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica), ambos os sexos são semelhantes em termos de morfometria, hematologia e preferência alimentar.
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Animales , Columbidae/anatomía & histología , Columbidae/sangre , Dieta/veterinariaRESUMEN
Abstract The present study describes the haematological profile, feeding preference, and comparison of morphometric characters of blue rock pigeon (Columba livia) breeding pairs. For this purpose, 25 pairs (25 samples per sex) were sampled through Mist nets from district Okara and Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. Birds were then anaesthetized with a combination of ketamine HCL (10 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) and subjected to morphometric measurements. 5µL blood also was taken from the jugular vein of each anaesthetized bird for haematological analysis. Few pairs were also dissected to remove gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) for food preferences. Results revealed that there are no significant differences in the haematological parameters and feeding preference of breeding pairs of Columba livia. The gut analysis further revealed, the major portion of gut contents consisted of pea and corn in most of the pairs. Regarding the mensural measurements, significant differences were recorded in the body weight, length of the longest primary feather, and chest circumference, whereas the rest of the studied parameters remain nonsignificant between sexes. So, it is concluded that apart from 3 morphometric parameters (body weight, length of longest primary feather and chest circumference), both sexes are alike in term of morphometry, haematology and food preference.
Resumo O presente estudo descreve o perfil hematológico, a preferência alimentar e a comparação de caracteres morfométricos de casais reprodutores de pombo-rocha (Columba livia). Para tanto, 25 pares (25 amostras por sexo) foram amostrados por meio de redes de névoa do distrito de Okara e Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Paquistão. As aves foram então anestesiadas com uma combinação de cetamina HCL (10 mg/kg) e diazepam (0,2 mg/kg) e submetidas a medidas morfométricas; 5 µL de sangue também foram retirados da veia jugular de cada ave anestesiada para análise hematológica. Poucos pares também foram dissecados para remover o trato gastrointestinal (GITs) para preferências alimentares. Os resultados revelaram que não há diferenças significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos e na preferência alimentar dos casais reprodutores de Columba livia. A análise intestinal revelou ainda que a maior parte do conteúdo intestinal consistia em ervilha e milho na maioria dos pares. Em relação às medidas mensurais, foram registradas diferenças significativas no peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica, enquanto os demais parâmetros estudados permanecem não significativos entre os sexos. Assim, conclui-se que além de três parâmetros morfométricos (peso corporal, comprimento da pena primária mais longa e circunferência torácica), ambos os sexos são semelhantes em termos de morfometria, hematologia e preferência alimentar.
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Tuberculosis of clavicle is one of the rarely reported pathology of skeletal tuberculosis in the literature. It is difficult to diagnose because other conditions of clavicle also presents with same confusing picture, which can lead to delay in proper diagnosis and treatment. Our case is a young adolescent female presenting with complaints of mild pain and swelling in mid clavicular region for the last six month. She was diagnosed as case of mid clavicular tuberculosis and she was managed with anti-tubercular chemotherapy.
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Introduction: Benign peripheral nerve schwannomas are uncommon tumours. Extra cranial schwannomas have also been reported from uncommon and unusual sites including breast, pancreas, and gastrointestinal system. Peripheral nerve schwannomas may pose a problem in clinical diagnosis, however an appropriate diagnostic work-up including thorough history and clinical examination, Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, fi ne needle aspiration cytology, nerve conduction velocity and electromyography study may all help reaching the correct preoperative diagnosis. Th e important clinical diff erential diagnoses include traumatic neuroma, neurfi bromas, lipoma, cold abscess and muscle hernia. Th e defi nitive treatment of benign peripheral nerve schwannoma is complete enucleation of the tumour mass without damaging the intact nerve fascicles followed by confi rmatory histopathological examination. When there is a doubt on histopathology, a positive Immunohistochemical staining with S100 is helpful in confi rming a diagnosis of schwannoma. Case presentation: We had 40 years female who had a slow growing swelling over the inner aspect of her right elbow for the last one year; this was followed by pain, tingling and numbness over inner one and half fi ngers of her right hand for six months. Tinnels sign was positive over the swelling. Her subsequent clinical examination and investigations including a magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of a benign growth in her right ulnar nerve in the elbow region. Complete enucleation of the swelling was done from the right ulnar nerve in the elbow region and subsequent histopathological examination confi rmed it to be a benign cellular schwannoma. Patient recovered successfully after the surgery and paresthesia in the distribution of her right ulnar nerve also improved six weeks after surgery. At her last follow-up six months after surgery, the patient was completely asymptomatic and highly satisfi ed with the results of surgery. Conclusion: A correct preoperative diagnosis of peripheral nerve schwannomas is possible, and it can be successfully managed with complete enucleation of tumour mass with satisfactory patient outcomes.
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Neurilemoma/diagnóstico , Neurilemoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Neurilemoma/cirugía , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/cirugía , Nervio Cubital/patología , Nervio Cubital/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Background: The beneficial effects of exercise on plasma lipids have been widely explored. These changes depend upon the type of sports in which one is indulged. The aim of the present study was to analyze these changes in different sportspersons. Methods: 32 male sportspersons participating in 3 different games in the university were selected for this study. Lipid profile of the three groups was compared to each other. Results : Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels were found to be significantly lower in distance runners as compared to football players and basketball players . Whereas High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level was found to be significantly increased in runners as compared to other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the lipid profile is more favourable in sports involving more aerobic activity with less physical stress.
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The samples were collected from 83 persons on 1 day (reading-I), 7 days (reading-II) and 30 days (reading-III) engaged in pesticide spraying in fourteen different fruit and vegetable farm stations located in the orchards of Gadap (rural area), Karachi-Pakistan. In the present study, 26 workers out of 83 who were exposed to different pesticides (i.e., cypermethrin, deltamethrin, polytrin-C, diazninon, monocrotophos, DDT and DDE) were compared with 25 healthy control persons. Different blood parameters were determined in comparison to control subjects. The results indicate some alterations in blood indices in all the pesticide exposed persons, and only two persons from two different stations were affected severely and therefore their Hb, MCV, MCHC, TLC, monocyte and neutrophil counts increased significantly. High lymphocyte count was noted in almost all the exposed persons. Platelets count was also found high in few persons but Hb, MCV, MCH, TLC, RBC and neutrophil counts significantly decreased in such persons. Exposure of multiple pesticides for prolong period has also affected the health of exposed persons and produced dermatological, hepatic, nephritic, respiratory and other clinical disorders reflecting the toxic effects of pesticides. Our findings indicate that indiscriminate use of pesticides in farming environments must be regularly assessed and farm workers must be trained for safe use of pesticides.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Etnicidad , Femenino , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Sífilis/sangreRESUMEN
The case of first episode of mania in a six year old girl is presented. Stated as uncommon in prepubertal children in literature, the authors attempt to discuss the reasons for the reported uncommonness in the light of diagnostic criteria. The possible ramifications of the early age of onset is also discussed.
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Myocardial ischaemia may be defined as a deficiency in cardiac energy supply relative to energy demand. In coronary artery disease (CAD), oxygen supply is limited due to coronary obstruction so energy production is not enough to meet the energy demands for work. Several reports involving about 2500 patients of CAD where carnitine was administered for upto 1 year indicate some beneficial effects. There is reduction in ischaemia showing reduced ST-segment depression and angina, greater effort tolerance and decreased need of cardiac drugs. Carnitine can cause overall improvement in cardiac performance in patients with CAD as well as in cardiomyopathy. More studies are necessary to demonstrate where carnitine can scavenge free radicals apart from its beneficial effect on fatty acid metabolism. Side effects of carnitine are mild nausea and vomiting and dose upto 2 g/day in 3 divided doses may not have any side effects. Intravenous L-carnitine acts rapidly and has no side effects.
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Carnitina/deficiencia , Enfermedad Coronaria/fisiopatología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Virazole (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide; 100 and 150 mg/l) incorporated into brinjal explant culture medium induced in complete elimination of eggplant mottled crinkle virus - Indian isolate (EMCV-1) from infected explant cultures of S. melongena L. and production of virus free plant progeny. Acridine orange and ethidium bromide (150 ml/l) were also potent antiviral agents to some extent.
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Virus de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Plantas/microbiología , Ribavirina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Thirty-six adult female patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy under general anaesthesia were evaluated for the haemodynamic effects of IV verapamil in bolus dose of either 50 micrograms/kg (group A), 60 micrograms/kg (group B) or 75 micrograms/kg (group C). The result showed a dose dependent fall in the mean arterial pressure and increase in the P-R interval. The fall in heart rate was marginally more in group A and B as compared to group C.
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Adulto , Anestesia General , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Electrocardiografía/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hipotensión Controlada , Histerectomía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Verapamilo/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
We report two patients of metastatic retroperitoneal tumours from carcinoma of the bladder, one presenting with a retroperitoneal mass and the other with retroperitoneal fibrosis. Both cases had been previously treated by radiotherapy for invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and had no evident of recurrent tumour in the bladder during follow up or at the time of presentation with secondary tumours. Literature reviews revealed that urothelial tumours from the bladder rarely metastasize to the retroperitoneal space.