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ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect of Huangliansan on atopic dermatitis (AD) model mice induced by 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). MethodA total of 42 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, hydrocortisone group, low, medium, and high-dose groups (0.3, 0.6, 1.2 g·kg-1) of Huangliansan oil, and water extract group (0.6 g·kg-1) of Huangliansan. In addition to the normal group, DNCB was applied on the back of mice in other groups to establish the AD model. On the 15th day after DNCB stimulation, each group was given the corresponding drug or solvent, and the changes in skin lesions, dermatitis score, and frequency of scratching were observed and recorded. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the histopathological changes in the skin and spleen. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect mRNA levels of filaggrin (FLG), lorophane (LOR), and involucrin (IVL) in skin, as well as immunoglobulin E (lgE), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in spleen. ResultCompared with the normal group, the model group showed symptoms of skin swelling and scab, and the score of dermatitis, the frequency of scratching, and the spleen index were increased (P<0.05). The expression levels of FLG, LOR, and IVL in skin tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the mRNA expressions of IgE, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the spleen were significantly increased, while the expression level of IFN-γ was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the symptoms of skin erythema, scaly, and scab of mice in each drug group were alleviated to varying degrees, and the score of dermatitis, the frequency of scratching, and the spleen index were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). In addition, the expression levels of FLG, LOR, and IVL in the skin of mice in the drug group were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the mRNA expression of IgE, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in spleen were decreased. IFN-γ was increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the lesions of the skin and spleen were improved to varying degrees. The medium-dose group of Huangliansan oil and hydrocortisone group had the most obvious manifestations (P<0.05, P<0.01). The indexes in the medium-dose group of Huangliansan oil were better than those in the water extract group of Huangliansan. ConclusionHuangliansan may improve the expression level of skin barrier protein, inhibit the expression of helper T cell 2 (Th2)-related inflammatory factors, increase the expression of helper T cell 1 (Th1) inflammatory factors, restore the skin barrier function and Th1/Th2 balance in the spleen, regulate the inflammatory response in the spleen of AD mice, and thus relieve AD. Huangliansan oil is more effective than water extract.
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ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of hookworm infection and its relevant behavioral factors in rural areas of Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province, and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of hookworm disease. MethodsBy using a stratified cluster random sampling strategy, local residents aged ≥3 years was divided into 5 districts according to geographical location; furthermore, those in one administrative village (surveillance site) were investigated in each district. Species of hookworm were identified by filter paper culture in vitro, and enterobius vermicularis eggs were detected by cellophane anal swab in children aged 3‒9 year. Risk factors were determined by questionnaire. ResultsA total of 1 013 residents were investigated in 5 surveillance sites. Thirty nine cases with hookworm infection were detected, with the total infection rate of 3.85% . All species detected were determined to be Necator americanus. The infection rate significantly differed across the towns (χ2=48.32, P<0.05), with the highest rate in Nanping Town (10.95%) . It significantly differed by age groups (χ2=65.65, P<0.05), with the highest rate in those aged >70 years (9.75%). Furthermore, it decreased with educational background. It was significantly associated with fertilize with fresh manure (χ2=6.87, P<0.05) and barefoot labor (χ2=157.69, P<0.05). ConclusionThe overall infection rate of hookworm in Tiantai County remains low. Dominant species of hookworm is hookworm Necator americanus. It is necessary to strengthen the advocacy of hookworm prevention and control knowledge, improve hygiene in work and life style, and increase self-protection awareness.
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Objective: To compare the ultrasonographic features of calcified and non-calcified ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of breast, and to explore the difference of the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2). Methods A total of 148 patients with pathologically confirmed DCIS were retrospectively analyzed and divided into calcified DCIS group (n=66) and non-calcified DCIS group (n=82) according to the presence of microcalcification in ultrasonography. The differences of the ultrasonographic features, ER and Her-2 positive expression were analyzed. Results The signs of mass, ductal ectasia and elastographic scores showed statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (all P0.05). ER positive rate was 42.42% (28/66) in calcified DCIS group and 69.51% (57/82) in non-calcified DCIS group. The difference of ER positive rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). Her-2 positive in calcified DCIS group was 30.30% (20/66), while in the non-calcified DCIS group was 14.63% (12/82; P=0.02). Conclusion The ultrasonographic features are different between calcified breast DCIS and non-calcified DCIS. Positive ER is more common in non-calcified DCIS, while high Her-2 expression is more common in calcified DCIS, indicating that calcified DCIS may have rather aggressive histological features.