RESUMEN
Objective:To analyze the positive detection rate, main genotypes of β-thalassemia in western region of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (referred to as Guangxi).Methods:Retrospective analysis of 26 189 individuals who underwent gene testing for thalassemia at the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities from January 2013 to December 2019. Using the crossing breakpoint PCR (Gap-PCR) and reverse dot blot (RDB) techniques to detect Chinese common type of 7 kinds of α-thalassemia and 17 kinds of β-thalassemia genotypes, high-throughput sequencing(Sanger) was performed for suspected rare β-thalassemia. Gap-PCR was used for suspected deletion β-thalassemia types.Results:β-thalassemia was diagnosed in 4 495 (17.16%) of 26 189 samples. A total of 6 177 alleles of 20 types of β-thalassemia were detected, mainly CD17 (2 712 cases, 43.90%) and CD41-42 (2 240 cases, 36.26%), including 7 rare alleles: Gγ +( Aγδβ) 0, SEA-HPFH, Hb New York, Hb G-Taipei, Hb Hezhou, Hb G-Coushatta and IVS-Ⅱ-81. There were 3 903 case (86.83%) heterozygous, 273 case (6.07%) double heterozygous, and 319 case (7.10%) homozygous among 4 495 β-thalassaemia subjects. A total of 48 genotypes were detected. The two most common genotypes were CD17/β N (1 890 cases, 42.05%) and CD41-42/β N (1 212 cases, 26.96%), accounted for 69.01% (3 102/4 495). Seven rare genotypes were detected: Gγ +( Aγδβ) 0/β N in 3 cases, Hb New York/β N in 3 cases, Hb G-Taipei/β N in 2 cases, SEA-HPFH/β N, Hb Hezhou/β N, Hb G-Coushatta/β N and IVS-Ⅱ-81/β N in 1 case each. A total of 1 041 cases (3.97%, 1 041/26 189) of 116 types of αβ-thalassemia were detected, mainly -- SEA/αα composite CD17/β N (144 cases, 13.83%), followed by -α 3.7/αα composite CD17/β N (112 cases, 10.76%). Conclusions:Western region of Guangxi is a high prevalence area of β-thalassemia, CD17/β N and CD41-42/β N are the main genotypes. The variation spectrum of β-thalassemia is complex and diverse, with rich genotype.
RESUMEN
ObjectiveTo design a prospective nested case-control study based on a city-wide birth cohort of Shanghai， so as to understand their health status and explore the influencing factors of birth defects. MethodsBased on the birth registration covering the entire city of Shanghai， the nested case-control study of children with severe birth defects was designed. Children born with severe birth defects were selected as the case group， and healthy children were matched as the control group. Basic information， health status， maternal pregnancy history， and survival outcome of children both in the case group and the control group were collected through medical history review and home visits. The logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. ResultsA total of 18 875 infants born between January 1， 2011， and December 31， 2021， were included， among which 11 500 （60.93%） were children with severe birth defects and 7 375 （39.07%） were healthy children. The logistic regression model analysis showed that being male （OR=1.20， 95%CI：1.13‒1.29）， non-Shanghai residency （OR=1.16， 95%CI： 1.06‒1.25）， multiple births （OR=8.41， 95%CI：6.25‒11.30）， artificial insemination （OR=2.31， 95%CI：1.34‒3.99）， in vitro fertilization （IVF） （OR=1.85， 95%CI：1.44‒2.38）， maternal exposure to radiation （OR=1.83， 95%CI：1.07‒3.14）， maternal illness during pregnancy （OR=1.61， 95%CI：1.49‒1.74）， experiencing a traumatic event during pregnancy （OR=2.34， 95%CI：1.88‒2.92）， paternal chemical exposure （OR=1.88， 95%CI：1.32‒2.69）， paternal radiation exposure （OR=1.65， 95%CI： 1.18‒2.33）， family history of birth defects （OR=8.18， 95%CI： 3.96‒16.89）， being overweight before pregnancy （OR=1.16， 95%CI： 1.07‒1.27）， being obese before pregnancy （OR=1.15， 95%CI：1.03‒1.30）， and being excessively obese before pregnancy （OR=1.52， 95%CI：1.26‒1.83） were risk factors for the occurrence of birth defects. Analysis by type of birth defect found that prematurity was a risk factor for cardiac malformations and cheilopalatoschisis （OR=27.87， 95%CI： 20.84‒37.27）， especially ranking first in cardiac malformations. ConclusionAfter controlling for influencing factors， maternal overweight， obesity， and excessive obesity before pregnancy， artificial insemination， and IVF are independent risk factors for the occurrence of birth defects. Choosing a healthy lifestyle， improving physical and mental health during pregnancy， and controlling BMI during pregnancy are beneficial in reducing the risk of birth defects.
RESUMEN
ObjectiveTo introduce the basic design， development plan and objectives of a population-based birth cohort in Shanghai， and further present the main data and baseline characteristics of enrolled participants in the cohort， and to provide key information for reproductive health-related studies. MethodsThe Shanghai population-based birth cohort initiated on January 1， 2005， included newborns born in Shanghai every year and their parents， and collected information on reproductive health， reproductive treatment， birth characteristics， growth and development status， as well as the incidence， treatment and death of diseases by employing data linkage technology and investigations. This formed a birth cohort spanning the entire life cycle. ResultsAs of October 2022， a total of 2 978 538 newborns and their parents were included in the cohort. Among them， 2 905 135 （97.54%） were naturally conceived （NC）， and 73 403 （2.46%） were born through assisted reproductive technologies （ART）. The average age of parents was （32.56±4.12） years old for females and （34.62±5.34） years old for males in the ART group， which was higher than （28.02±4.71） years and （30.07±5.54） years for parents in the NC group. Among parents， females and males aged 30 and above accounted for 77.12% and 85.08%， respectively， which were higher than that of parents （35.28% for females and 49.66% for males） in the NC group. Furthermore， the percentage of parents with a college degree or above in the ART group was 73.23% for females and 73.66% for males， which were higher than those in the NC group （49.98% and 50.91%， respectively）. The multiple births rate in the ART group was 33.81%， which was higher than that in the NC group （1.88%）. The incidence of premature birth and low birth weight in the ART group were 24.47% and 19.08%， respectively， which was higher than that in the NC group （5.47% and 3.73%）. ConclusionThe comprehensive collection of reproductive health-related information in the birth cohort in Shanghai can provide essential resources to determine the influence of genetics， environment， reproductive treatment and other related factors on the health of offspring after birth.
RESUMEN
ObjectiveTo establish the Shanghai twin birth cohort （STBC） and analyze the effects of genetic factors， shared environment， and non-shared environment interactions on birth health and growth and development of newborns. MethodsBased on the population-wide birth cohort in Shanghai， a comprehensive survey was conducted on the families with double and multiple babies born after January 1， 2015 to collect information on birth health， growth and development， and the family environment of the babies. ResultsBy December 31， 2021， a total of 7 195 pairs （14 405 cases） of twins were successfully included in the STBC survey. The average birth length of twins was 47.2 cm and average birth weight was 2 465.3 g. Heterozygous twins accounted for 69.05% and preterm babies accounted for 57.07%. The average age of the mothers of twins was 31.82 years， and the average age of the fathers was 33.87 years， with more than 80% of the parents having a college degree or above. 44.50% of the mothers used assisted reproductive technologies， 7.40% had illnesses during pregnancy， and 15.90% were exposed to passive smoking during pregnancy. During the survey period， the average monthly increase in the length of the twin infants was 2.09 cm， and the average monthly weight gain was 0.53 kg. ConclusionThe incidence of adverse outcomes such as maternal cesarean section rate， preterm birth， and low birth weight is higher in the twin birth population. Information on birth health as well as growth and development in childhood and adolescence in the twin birth population is collected based on STBC， which can provide a solid data foundation for studying children’s chronic non-communicable diseases， psychological and behavioral disorders and other complex health problems caused by the combined effects of genetics and the environment.
RESUMEN
ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of gender difference and the trend of the mortality rate of senile dementia in registered population in Shanghai from year 2002 to 2018， and to provide the basis for formulating relative intervention measures before and after senile dementia from an public-health view. MethodsBased on the collected data of death registration， focused on the senile dementia disease codes F03，G30.0，G30.1，G30.8，G30.9 according to The International Classification of Diseases 10th revision （ICD-10）. We analyzed the characteristics of gender difference in the mortality rate of senile dementia in registered population in Shanghai from year 2002 to 2018. According to ASR， we calculated the standardized mortality rate of senile dementia， and used the chi-square test to compare the difference between the gender mortality rates. The trend and the turning point of the mortality rate of senile dementia were determined by linear regression analysis by Join-point. ResultsThe crude mortality rate of senile dementia in the registered population in Shanghai from year 2002 to 2018 was 5.46/105， 3.50/105 in males and 7.43/105 in females. The standardized mortality rate of senile dementia was 2.61/105， 1.67/105 in males and 3.56/105 in females. The trend of the standardized mortality rate of senile dementia in 17 years decreased ［APC=-5.5（-6.5，-4.5）%，P<0.01］. The trend of the standardized mortality rate of senile dementia decreased in both males ［APC=-4.9（-6.2，-3.6）%，P<0.01］ and females ［APC=-5.9（-6.9，-4.9）%，P<0.01］. The trend of the gender difference decreased ［APC=-6.8（-8.2，-5.3）%，P<0.01］. The mortality rate of senile dementia was higher in females than in males ［（χ2=33.63，P<0.01）］. ConclusionThe mortality rate of senile dementia in females is higher than in males in Shanghai， though the trend of the gender difference decreased. This gender difference is worth of attention.
RESUMEN
ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors of fertility behaviors with preterm birth and low birth weight， and to develop a nomogram model to predict the occurrence of low birth weight. MethodsBirth registration information in Shanghai from 2010 to 2020 was collected， and ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to compare the differences in reproductive behavior factors and newborn health status across time. The odds ratio （OR） value and 95%CI were calculated by a multi-classification logistic regression model to determine the association between reproductive behavior factors and preterm birth or low birth weight infants. A nomogram model was established based on logistic model and the area under the ROC curve was used to assess the effect of the model. ResultsThis analysis included 2 089 384 live newborns. The incidence of full-term low birth weight， preterm normal weight and preterm low birth weight in Shanghai was 0.94%， 2.48% and 2.01%， respectively. From 2010 to 2020， 40.00% women had a history of abortion， the proportion of women who gave birth at age ≥40 years old increased from 1.05% to 2.24%， the proportion of fathers aged ≥40 years increased from 4.79% to 7.48%， and the proportion of women with postgraduate or above increased from 4.81% to 11.74%. The incidence of preterm low birth weight in Shanghai showed an increasing trend over time. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of preterm low birth weight was lower in female than in male infants （OR=0.97， 95%CI： 0.95‒0.98）， and the risk of full-term low birth weight was higher than in male infants （OR=1.85， 95%CI： 1.80‒1.90）. The risk of preterm birth and low birth weight was lower for couples of childbearing age with higher education. The risk of preterm low birth weight in newborns tended to increase with maternal age at childbirth >30 years， paternal age ≥40 years， and the number of abortions >2 times. Mother <25 or >35 years， father aged 30‒34 years， and the number of abortions >3 times were the risk factors of full-term low birth weight infants. ConclusionCouples of childbearing age who choose to have children at too high or too low age may increase the risk of preterm birth or low birth weight， so it is necessary to strengthen population awareness and promote age-appropriate childbirth. Multiple abortions are also associated with preterm birth and low birth weight， and it is advisable to popularize the scientific knowledge of contraception and birth control to reduce unnecessary abortions. The nomogram in the study can visualize the risk of full-term and low birth weight infant at different levels of factors， which can assist couples preparing for pregnancy in making decisions about the timing of childbirth and understanding the level of risk.
RESUMEN
Natto is a soybean product fermented by natto bacteria. It is rich in a variety of amino acids, vitamins, proteins and active enzymes. It has a number of biological activities, such as thrombolysis, prevention of osteoporosis, antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant and so on. It is widely used in medicine, health-care food, biocatalysis and other fields. Natto is rich in many pharmacological active substances and has significant medicinal research value. This paper summarizes the pharmacological activities and applications of natto in and outside China, so as to provide references for further research and development of natto.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE@#To assess the association of rs55829688 and rs75315904 polymorphisms of the lncRNA-GAS5 gene with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Guangxi population.@*METHODS@#Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from the SLE group and control group. Following extraction of genomic DNA, SNPscan and Sanger sequencing were carried out to determine the genotypes for the rs55829688 and rs75315904 loci of the lncRNA-GAS5 gene.@*RESULTS@#No difference was found between the two groups with regard to the genotypic frequencies for rs55829688 and rs75315904 (P > 0.05). However, the frequencies of C allele of rs55829688 between the two groups was significantly different (P < 0.05). In the SLE group, the frequencies of C allele and CT+CC genotype for rs55829688 among SLE patients with nephritis were significantly lower than those of SLE patients without nephritis (P < 0.05). In addition, haplotype analysis showed that the frequency of rs55829688 C/rs75315904 A allele in the SLE group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In Guangxi population, the carrier status of rs55829688 C allele of the lncRNA-GAS5 gene may reduce the risk of SLE and its complicated nephritis, and the rs55829688 C/rs75315904 A haplotype may reduce the risk for SLE.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , China/epidemiología , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/genética , Nefritis , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , ARN Largo no Codificante/genéticaRESUMEN
Background and purpose:The Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention provides annual updates on cancer occurrence and trends in Shanghai.This study aimed to investigate the cancer incidence and mortality in 201 7 and their trends from 2002 to 2017 in Shanghai. Methods:Data of new cancer diagnoses and deaths from 2002 to 2017 were obtained from the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention population-based cancer registry and Vital Statistics System.Cancer incidence and mortality stratified by year of diagnosis or death,gender and age group were analyzed.Number,proportion,crude rate,age-specific rate,age-standardized rate and others were calculated.The number,proportion and rates of common cancers in different groups were also calculated.Trends in age-standardized rate of incidence and death rates for all cancers combined and for the common cancer types by gender were estimated by joinpoint analysis and characterized by the annual percent change(APC)and average annual percent change(AAPC).Segi's 1960 world standard population was used for calculating age-standardized incidence and mortality. Results:The new cancer cases and deaths were 79 378 and 37 186 in Shanghai in 2017.The crude rate of incidence was 546.55/105,and the age-standardized rate was 246.31/105.The age-standardized rate of incidence was higher among females than among males.The crude rate of mortality was 256.04/1 05,and the age-standardized rate was 88.41/105.The age-standardized rate of mortality was higher among males than among females.The age-specific numbers and rates of incidence and mortality increased with age.The age-specific number and rate of incidence reached the peak at the age groups of 60-64 years and older than 85 years,and those of mortality among males reached the peak at the age groups of 60-64 years and older than 85 years,and those of mortality among females reached the peak at the age groups of older than 85 years,respectively.The sites of top 10 common cancer types sorted by the number of incidence cases among males were lung,colorectum,stomach,prostate,liver,thyroid,pancreas,bladder,kidney and oesophagus,and among females were lung,breast,thyroid,colorectum,stomach,pancreas,liver,brain,central nervous system(CNS),cervix uteri and gallbladder,the sites of those sorted by the number of deaths among males were lung,stomach,colorectum,liver,pancreas,prostate,oesophagus,bladder,lymphoma and gallbladder,among females were lung,colorectum,breast,stomach,pancreas,liver,gallbladder,brain,CNS,ovary and lymphoma.The top 10 common cancer types stratified by gender and the top 5 common cancer types stratified by common age groups merged of incidence and mortality had wide variations.Overall,the age-standardized rates of incidence were stable from 2002 to 2009,and increased 2.88％on average per year from 2009 to 201 7.The age-standardized rates of mortality were stable from 2002 to 2011,and decreased 2.66％on average per year from 2011 to 201 7.The trends differed by gender and cancer type. Conclusion:Lung cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,thyroid cancer,female breast cancer,cervical cancer and male prostate cancer are the most common cancers in Shanghai,the appropriate screening technical scheme should be formulated according to the current situation of malignant tumors in Shanghai,promote cancer opportunistic screening,promote appropriate technologies for intervention and management of cancer patients in the community,reduce the disease burden of malignant tumors.
RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the survival of cancer cases diagnosed during 2002-2013 in Shanghai. Methods:Data on new cancer cases with dead and follow-up information were obtained from the population-based cancer registry and vital statistics system of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Survival indicators stratified by year of diagnosis,gender,site and age were analyzed.Number of cases and proportion were calculated.The observed survival rates were calculated based on the life table.The probabilities of surviving from 0 to 99 years old were estimated according to the Elandt-Johnson model,and then the cumulative expected survival rates were calculated according to the Ederer Ⅱ method.Finally,the relative survival rates and average annual percent changes of their trends were calculated.The age-standardized relative survival rates adjusted by International Cancer Survival Standard weights were calculated. Results:Total 644 520 new cancer cases were diagnosed during 2002-2013 in Shanghai,accounting for 643 545(99.85％)cases included in the observed cohort for survival analysis.The 5-year observed survival rate increased from 37.61％to 46.47％.The 5-year relative survival rate increased from 42.1 8％to 51.11％.The 5-year age-standardized relative survival rate increased from 40.57％to 49.80％.Among the 5-year relative survival rates of cases diagnosed during 2011 to 2013,99.43％of thyroid cancer was the highest,followed by female breast cancer(88.35％)and corpus uteri cancer(85.56％);5.87％of pancreas cancer was the lowest,followed by gallbladder cancer(13.64％)and oesophagus cancer(17.72％).the rate of lung cancer with the largest number of cases was 23.59％,followed by colorectal cancer(59.82％)and stomach cancer(38.65％).The 5-year relative survival rate of total cases of all sites increased from 40.55％in 2002 to 52.77％in 2013,with an average annual percent change of 2.40％.13 cancer types showed increasing trends,such as liver cancer and lung cancer,while the trends of other cancer types were not statistically significant,such as pancreatic cancer and gallbladder cancer. Conclusion:The diagnostic levels and survival rates of cancer cases have been improved continuously in Shanghai.The trends of different cancer types were varied.
RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the lung cancer incidence and mortality in 2016 and their trends from 2002 to 2016 in shanghai. Methods:The data of incidence and death on lung cancer in shanghai from 2002 to 2016 were obtained from the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention population-based cancer registry and Vital Statistics System.Lung Cancer incidence and mortality stratified by age of diagnosis or death,gender and age-group were analyzed.The number of cases and deaths,proportion,crude rates,age-specific rates,age-standardized rates,corresponding truncated age-standardized rates(35-64 years)and cumulative rates were calculated.Segi's 1960 world standard population was used for calculating age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality as well as truncated age-standardized rates.Trends in age-standardized rates of incidence and death for lung cancer in Shanghai from 2002-2016 were estimated by Joinpoint analysis and characterized by the annual percent change(APC). Results:The new lung cancer cases and deaths were 14 395 and 9 170 in Shanghai in 2016.The crude rate of incidence was 99.41/105,and the age-standardized rate of incidence was 39.76/105.New cases of lung cancer accounted for 19.34％of all malignant tumors in shanghai,ranking the first in the incidence spectrum of malignant tumors.The crude rate of mortality was 63.33/105,and the age-standardized rate was 21.57/105.Deaths of lung cancer accounted for 24.78％of all malignant tumor deaths in shanghai,ranking the first in the mortality spectrum of malignant tumors.The age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality for males were higher than those for females.The age-specific numbers and rates of incidence and mortality increased with age.The age-specific number and rate of incidence reached the peak at the age group of 60-64 years and 80-84 years respectively,and those of mortality peaked at the age group of 80-84 years and older than 85 years respectively.The incidence of lung cancer increased from 33.70/105 in 2002 to 39.76/1 05 in 2016 in Shanghai.Joinpoint analyses showed that the age-standardized rate of lung cancer incidence remained stable from 2002 to 2010(APC=-0.79,t=-1.46,P=0.175)but showed a significant upward trend with an average annual increase rate of 5.12％from 2010 to 2016(APC=5.12,t=6.97,P＜0.001).The standardized mortality showed a downward trend with an average annual decrease rate of 0.87％from 2002 to 2016(APC=-0.87,t=-2.87,P=0.013). Conclusion:The incidence of lung cancer in Shanghai during 2002-2016 presented an upward trend while the mortality of lung cancer showed a gradual downward trend.There are differences in the incidence and mortality of lung cancer among different gender and age groups.
RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the liver cancer incidence and mortality in 2016 and their trends during 2002 through 2016 in Shanghai. Methods:Data on new liver cancer diagnoses and deaths during 2002 through 2016 were obtained from the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention population-based cancer registry and Vital Statistics System,the numbers,crude rates and age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality of liver cancer were calculated.Segi's 1960 world standard population was used to calculate age-standardized rates.Joinpoint analysis was used to analyze the trend changes and to estimate the annual percent change of incidence and mortality rates. Results:There were 3 842 new liver cancer cases in Shanghai in 201 6,69.44％of which were males,and 3 275 deaths of liver cancer,69.44％of which were males.Mortality to incidence ratio was 0.85.The crude rate of incidence was 26.53/105,and the age-standardized rate was 10.60/105.The crude rate of mortality was 22.62/105,and the age-standardized rate was 8.65/105.The Sex ratios for age-standardized incidence and mortality were 2.91∶1 and 2.97∶1,respectively.The age-specific numbers and rates of incidence and mortality increased with age.Overall,the age-standardized rate of incidence of liver cancer was decreased 3.69％on average per year during 2002 through 2016,and the age-standardized rate of mortality of liver cancer was decreased 3.82％on average per year. Conclusion:The incidence and mortality of liver cancer in Shanghai have been remarkably decreased to a low level countrywide,while liver cancer is still one of the leading malignancies and it brings serious threat to public health,comprehensive prevention and control efforts should be strengthened according to its epidemic characteristics and risk factors.
RESUMEN
Objective:More than half of esophageal cancer incidences and deaths occurred in China.Based on the Shanghai Tumor Registration data,this study analyzed the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Shanghai in 2016 and the changing trend from 2002 to 2016,in order to provide an epidemic basis for the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer. Methods:Data on esophageal cancer in Shanghai from 2002 to 2016 were obtained through Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Population-based Cancer Registry and Vital Statistics System.The number of cases and deaths,crude rates,composition ratios,age-specific rates and cumulative rates were counted according to the year of diagnosis or death,gender and age groups.Segi's 1960 world standard population was used to calculate age-standardized rates of incidence and mortality,and corresponding truncated age-standardized rate(35-64 years old)on esophageal cancer.Z-test and Cochran test were used to compare the differences of age-specific rates and age-standardized rates among different subgroups,respectively.Temporal trend analyses were conducted by Joinpiont 4.9.1.0 software. Results:In 2016,the proportion of morphological verification of new cases of esophageal cancer in Shanghai was 73.1 8％,the proportion of death certificate only was 0.72％,and the ratio of death to incidence was 0.84.The number of new cases and deaths of esophageal cancer in Shanghai in 2016 were 1 398 and 1 171,accounting for 1.88％and 3.1 6％of all malignant tumors,respectively.The crude incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer were 9.65/100 000 and 8.09/100000,with age-standardized incidence and mortality of 3.36/100 000 and 2.67/100,000,respectively.The age-standardized incidence and mortality were significantly higher in males than in females.The age-specific incidence and mortality increased with age,and peaked at 50.54/100 000 and 53.35/1 00 000,respectively,among people aged 85 years and older.From 2002 to 2016,both the number of new cases and deaths of esophageal cancer in Shanghai showed a downward trend,and the age-standardized incidence and mortality also showed a downward trend,with an average annual deceleration of 4.45％[annual percent change(APC)=-4.45,P＜0.001]and 4.1 7％(APC=-4.17,P＜0.001),respectively. Conclusion:The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in Shanghai were at a low epidemic level across China,and showed a downward trend from 2002 to 2016.Esophageal cancer screening should focus on males and subjects aged 55 to 64 years.
RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the incidence and mortality of ovarian,fallopian tube and other uterine adnexa cancer in 2016 and their trends during 2002 through 2016 in Shanghai. Methods:Data on new ovarian,fallopian tube and other uterine adnexa cancer diagnoses and deaths during 2002 through 2016 were obtained from the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention population-based cancer registry and Vital Statistics System.The incidence and mortality stratified by year of diagnosis or death,site and age-group were analyzed.The number,proportion,crude rate,age-specific rate,age-standardized rate and others were calculated.Trends in number,age-specific rate,age-standardized rate and others were estimated.Trends in age-standardized rate of incidence and mortality for the ovarian cancer were estimated by Joinpoint analysis and characterized by the annual percent change(APC).The number and proportion of selected indexes of diagnostic characteristics of new ovarian and fallopian tube cancer cases were also calculated.Segi's 1960 world standard population was used for calculating age-standardized rates. Results:The new uterine adnexa cancer cases and deaths were 813 and 440 in Shanghai in 2016.There were 751 cases(92.37％)and 419 deaths(95.23％)of ovarian cancer,and 48 cases(5.91％)and 17 deaths(3.86％)of fallopian tube cancer.The crude rate of ovarian cancer incidence was 10.29/105,and the age-standardized rate was 5.33/105.The crude rate of mortality was 5.74/105,and the age-standardized rate was 2.44/105.Overall,the age-specific rates of incidence and mortality increased with aging.They reached the peak at the age group of 55-59 years and 80-84 years,respectively.Joinpoint analyses showed a significant decreasing trend in the standardized incidence of ovarian cancer in Shanghai from 2002 to 2016,with an average annual increase of 1.78％(APC=-1.78,P＜0.001),while the increase in standardized mortality was not statistically significant.The proportion of pathological diagnosis on ovarian cancer increased to 85.02％,and the proportions of stageⅢ and Ⅳ continued to increase.The incidence of ovarian cancer in Shanghai from 2002 to 2016 showed a decreasing trend,while the mortality showed a fluctuating trend. Conclusion:In Shanghai,the age-standardized incidence rate of ovarian cancer was declined steadily,but the proportion of diagnosed advanced increased.The number of fallopian tube cancer cases increased steadily.
RESUMEN
Objective:To describe the long-term characteristics and trend changes in the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in Shanghai from 1 973 to 2017,aiming to provide references for exploring the etiology of breast cancer and formulating strategies and measures for prevention,intervention and control. Methods:Joinpoint software was used to analyze the trend changes in the incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in Shanghai from 1 973 to 2017,and an age-period-cohort model was constructed to explore the effects of age,year of diagnosis,and birth cohort on long-term trend changes. Results:From 1 973 to 2017,there were 68 192 new cases of female breast cancer in Shanghai,with a diagnosed rate of 31.72/100 000.The incidence rate continued to rise,and the risk of the disease continued to rise from the age of 20 years,and the rise rate accelerated significantly after the age of 40 years.There were 21 535 female breast cancer deaths from 1 973 to 2017.The mortality rate was stable,with a death rate of 8.62/100 000,and the risk of death increased significantly from the age of 45 years.The effects of age,period and cohort had a significant impact on the incidence of breast cancer(P＜0.01),while the increase in mortality rate was related to age and cohort effects(P＜0.01). Conclusion:The incidence rate of female breast cancer in Shanghai is still rising rapidly,and the mortality trend is generally stable,suggesting that the treatment is effective and the quality of life is improved.However,breast cancer is still the main malignant tumor among females in Shanghai.It should be continued to implement prevention and control strategies such as lifestyle intervention and screening of high-risk individuals to further strengthen the prevention and control of breast cancer.
RESUMEN
Objective:To describe the epidemiological features and temporal trends of colorectal cancer in urban Shanghai from 1973 to 2017. Methods:Data on colorectal cancer in urban Shanghai was obtained through Shanghai Cancer Registry and Vital Statistics System.Joinpoint analysis was used to describe the temporal trends and annual percent change(APC)and age-period-cohort analysis was used to estimate the association between age,period and birth cohort and colorectal cancer. Results:A total of 105 847 cases and 60 447 deaths of colorectal cancer were diagnosed in urban Shanghai over the 45-year study period.Both the number of new cases and the number of deaths showed an increasing trend.In the same period,the age-standardized incidence of colorectal cancer in urban areas of Shanghai increased significantly from 14.1/100 000 in 1973 to 27.7/100 000 in 2017,while the age-standardized mortality rate increased from 8.2/100 000 to 10.7/100 000.The overall average annual age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were 20.4/100 000 and 11.0/100 000,respectively.With the increase of age,the age-standardized morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer showed an obvious upward trend.Taking 1993-1997 as reference,the risk of colorectal cancer in Shanghai reached the highest in 2013-2017,and the corresponding relative risk was 1.2(95％confidence interval:1.2-1.3),while the lowest was 0.9(95％confidence interval:0.8-1.0)during 1973-1977.Mortality risk,on the contrary,decreased with the increase of time.Before 1953-1957,the risk of colorectal cancer in urban Shanghai increased with the increase of birth cohort time,and then showed a downward trend.There was a corresponding decline in the risk of colorectal cancer death among people born after 1957. Conclusion:The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in Shanghai showed an increasing trend from 1973 to 2017,but the prevalence trend of colorectal cancer is still different among different populations.
RESUMEN
Objective:To analyze and compare the survival rate between patients with screen-detected and non-screening detected colorectal cancer in Shanghai from 2013 to 2015. Methods:Patients with screen-and non-screening detected colorectal cancer from 2013 to 2015 were collected from Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Screening Program and the Population-Based Cancer Registry.The results presented were based on data collected by December 31,2020.Survival rates were stratified by year of diagnosis,gender,site,age-group,stage at diagnosis and histopathologic category when analyzed.The 5-year observed survival rates were calculated based on the life table,and then the cumulative expected survival rates were calculated according to the Ederer Ⅱ method.Finally,the 5-year relative survival rate was calculated.The COX proportional hazard regression model was used for the multivariate analysis. Results:2 108 patients with screening-detected colorectal cancer and 14 154 patients with non-screening colorectal cancer from 2013 to 2015 were included in the analysis,and the proportions of phase Ⅰ were 35.53％and 9.33％,respectively.The stage distribution of colorectal cancer was significantly different between patients with screen-detected and non-screening detected colorectal cancer(P＜0.05).The 5-year relative survival rates of patients with screen-detected and non-screening detected colorectal cancer were 84.66％(95％confidence interval:82.87％-86.45％)and 63.51％(95％confidence interval:62.64％-64.38％),respectively.The patients with screen-detected colorectal cancer had a significantly improved 5-year relative survival rate in comparison with the patients with non-screening detected colorectal cancer.The survival rates of females in both groups were higher than those of males.The relative survival rate decreased with the increase of age and gradually decreased with the increase of stage at diagnosis.The relative survival rate of patients with non-screening detected colon cancer was significantly lower than that of patients with rectal cancer. Conclusion:Patients with colorectal cancer found at screening had a significantly improved survival rate compared to patients with non-screening detected colorectal cancer.Staging at diagnosis is a key factor,which indicates that enhancing screening and early diagnosis has important meaning to further improve the survival of patients with colorectal cancer and reduce the burden of disease.
RESUMEN
ObjectiveTo analyze the dynamic response relationship between urban development and mortality rate in Shanghai， and to predict the trend of mortality rate changes. MethodsBy analyzing the total mortality rate （TMR）， gross domestic product （GDP） and socio-demographic index （SDI） in Shanghai from 1978 to 2017， a vector autoregressive （VAR） model was constructed to evaluate the impact of urban development on the mortality rate. ResultsThe fitted R2 of the VAR model was 0.92. The short-term effect of GDP on the improvement of death level was negative， while the long-term effect was positive， and the SDI was negative regardless of the short-term and long-term effects. By the tenth year， GDP and SDI contributed 10.61% and 27.25% to TMR changes， respectively. The model predicted that the mortality rate in Shanghai would be 9.17 per thousand by 2030. ConclusionLong-term economic growth can effectively promote a decline in population mortality. However， as the economy develops vigorously， the adverse effects of declining birth rates and population aging on population health during the era of high-level population development should not be ignored.
RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the effect of cathodic transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) combined with upper limb robot therapy (RT) on the rehabilitation of upper limb motor function in stroke patients.Methods:Forty patients with stroke hemiplegia who met the enrollment criteria were randomly divided into a pseudo-stimulation group ( n = 20) and a stimulation group ( n = 20). In addition to conventional treatment in both groups, ctDCS + RT was used in the stimulation group, and sham stimulation + RT was used in the sham-stimulation group. Treatment was performed 10 times, 5 times per week, for 30 minutes each time. Patients in both groups were evaluated before, during, and after treatment using the Brunnstrom Staging Scale, the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scale, and the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), respectively. Results:Compared with the same group before treatment, there were statistically significant differences in Brunnstrom’s rating grade Ⅳ for upper limbs and hands in both groups during and after treatment (all P < 0.05). Compared with the same group during treatment, there were statistically significant differences in Brunnstrom’s rating grade Ⅳ for upper limbs and hands in both groups after treatment (all P < 0.05). MBI scores were higher in two groups during and after treatment compared to the same group before treatment (all P < 0.05). MBI scores were higher in two groups after treatment compared to the same group during treatment (all P < 0.05). The MBI scores after treatment in the stimulation group were higher than those in the pseudo-stimulation group ( P < 0.05). The MAS scores of elbow flexion grade 2 and extension grade 4 and shoulder flexion grade 2, extension grade 2, adduction grade 2, and abduction grade 2 were lower in both groups after treatment compared with the same group before treatment (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Cathodic transcranial direct current stimulation combined with robotic therapy can effectively promote upper limb motor function rehabilitation in stroke patients and is superior to upper limb robotic therapy alone.
RESUMEN
Objective To establish a fluorescent assay for rapid detection of Plasmodium falciparum based on recombinaseaided amplification (RAA) and CRISPR-Cas12a system,and to preliminarily evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of this system.. Methods The 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of P. falciparum was selected as the target sequence, and three pairs of RAA primers and CRISPR-derived RNA (crRNA) were designed and synthesized. The optimal combination of RAA primers and crRNA was screened and the reaction conditions of the system were optimized to create a fluorescent RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a system. The plasmid containing 18S rRNA gene of the P. falciparum strain 3D7 was generated, and diluted into concentrations of 1 000, 100, 10, 1 copy/μL for the fluorescent RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a assay, and its sensitivity was evaluated. The genomic DNA from P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovum, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus and Treponema pallidum was employed as templates for the fluorescent RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a assay, and its specificity was evaluated. Fifty malaria clinical samples were subjected to the fluorescent RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a assay and nested PCR assay, and the consistency between two assays was compared. In addition, P. falciparum strain 3D7 was cultured in vitro. Then, the culture was diluted into blood samples with parasite densities of 1 000, 500, 200, 50, 10 parasites/μL with healthy volunteers’ O-positive red blood cells for the RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a assay, and the detection efficiency was tested. Results The Pf-F3/Pf-R3/crRNA2 combination, 2.5 μL as the addition amount of B buffer, 40 min as the RAA reaction time, 37 °C as the reaction temperature of the CRISPR-Cas12a system were employed to establish the fluorescent RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a system. Such a system was effective to detect the plasmid containing 18S rRNA gene of the P. falciparum strain 3D7 at a concentration of 1 copy/μL, and presented fluorescent signals for detection of P. falciparum, but failed to detect P. ovum, P. malariae, P. vivax, T. pallidum, hepatitis B virus or human immunodeficiency virus. The fluorescent RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a system and nested PCR assay showed completely consistent results for detection of 50 malaria clinical samples (kappa = 1.0, P < 0.001). Following 6-day in vitro culture of the P. falciparum strain 3D7, 10 mL cultures were generated and the fluorescent RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a system showed the minimal detection limit of 50 parasites/μL. Conclusion The fluorescent RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a system is rapid, sensitive and specific for detection of P. falciparum, which shows promising value for rapid detection and risk monitoring of P. falciparum.