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Objective To explore the clinical effects of hypoglycemic drugs on depression degree in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 160 newly diagnosed T2DM patients or T2DM patients who have not used hypoglycemic drugs in the past 3 months with mild to moderate depressive episodes and visited our outpatient department were enrolled in this study from January to December 2022.All the participants HbA1c were ranged from 7%to 9%.They were randomly divided into four groups:Metformin treatment group(Met,n=40),Met combined with sulfonylurea treatment group(Met+SUs,n=40),Met combined with DPP-4i treatment group(Met+DPP-4i,n=40),and Met combined with GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment group(Met+GLP-1RA,n=40).All the patients were scored with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD)and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)in each group.Results The Met+DPP-4i and Met+GLP-1RA groups showed the most significant decrease in HAMD and HAMA scores after treatment(P<0.05),while the proportion of moderate depression and significant anxiety in HAMD decreased(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that?HAMD,?HAMA were positively correlated with ?HbA1c in the Met+GLP-1RA group(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of Met with DPP-4i and GLP-1RA has the most significant effect on improving the degree of depression in patients with T2DM and depression.
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Objective To explore the effects of peridopril on osteoporosis and possible mechanisms involved.Methods Fifty experimental rats were divided into a normal control group,a sham operation group(Sham group),an ovariectomized group(OVX group),a perindopril group and an estrogen group (E2 group),with ten in each group.The perindopril group was intragastrically administered perindopril 4 mg/kg per day,the E2 group was intragastrically administered estrogen 1.2 mg/kg per day,and rats in the normal control group,the sham group and the OVX group were intragastrically given an equal volume of distilled water.Drugs were given once a day for 12 weeks.After 12 weeks of drug intervention,all rats were anaesthetized and 12 ml blood was extracted from the heart,and serum calcium,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRACP) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.The bone mineral density(BMD)of the left femur was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results After 4 weeks of drug intervention,the femur BMD was lower in the OVX group than in the sham operation group and the normal control group(F =12.224,P＜0.05),and there was no difference between the sham operation group and the normal control group(P＞0.05).After 12 weeks of drug intervention,serum Ca and P levels had no significant difference between the groups(P＞0.05).ALP and TRACP levels in the OVX group were (192.30± 14.50) U/L and (12.7 ± 1.72) U/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group(P＜0.01).ALP and TRACP levels in the perindopril group were (169.00 ± 10.14) U/L and (10.19 ± 1.24) U/L,respectively,which were lower than those in the OVX group(P＜0.05).ALP and TRACP levels in the E2 group were (130.76±9.47) U/L and (7.04±0.96) U/L,respectively,which were lower than those in the OVX group(P＜0.01).BMD in the OVX group was (0.161±0.011) g/cm2,which was lower than that in the sham operation group (P ＜ 0.01).BMD in the perindopril group was (0.173 ± 0.011) g/cm2,which was higher than that in the OVX group(P ＜0.05).After estrogen treatment,BMD of the E2 group was (0.196±0.008) g/cm2,which was higher than that in the OVX group(P ＜0.01).Conclusions Perindopril can decrease high bone turnover,increase bone density in ovariectomized rats,and thus may be used for alleviating postmenopausal osteoporosis.