Research and development of the scenario database for high altitude military medical comprehensive exercise / 军事医学

Objective To construct a scenario database for high altitude military medical comprehensive exercises to enhance the training efficiency.Methods Related documents were used as guidelines for construction.Information technologies were used as construction support.The hierarchical model was used as a technical framework.JAVA,Linux,Oracle and Tomcat were used as development tools.Results First,the foundation of the system was elaborated regarding of guiding ideology,construction principles and standards.Second,the architectural design of the system was stated around the functional framework,technical framework and information framework.Third,the implementation of the system was outlined in terms of development tools and function modules.Conclusion The scenario database can provide standard data resources for related simulation training systems and perfect scenario support for high altitude health service training,which can contribute to the training reform and the improvement of training quality.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus sp. to quinupristin-dalfopristin in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

This study aimed to determine the in vitro activity of quinupristin-alfopristin against Streptococcus sp. isolated in China. This agent is not yet available for clinical use, but it has been tested against a high proportion of resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. A total of 156 streptococcal isolates, which were recovered from various geographic areas and diseases, were tested using the Etest (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden). Quinupristin-alfopristin showed excellent activity against all of the tested streptococci isolates. These results provide useful data for the clinical use of quinupristin-alfopristin in China.

Molecular epidemiological characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes strains involved in an outbreak of scarlet fever in China, 2011 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate molecular characterization of streptococcus pyogenes isolates involved in an outbreak of scarlet fever in China in 2011.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-four Streptococcal pyogenes involved in an outbreak of scarlet fever were isolated from pediatric patients in the areas with high incidence in China from May to August of 2011. Emm genotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), superantigen (SAg) genes and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling were analyzed for these isolates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 4 different emm types were identified. Emm12 was the most prevalent type which contained four predominating PFGE patterns corresponding to four different virulence and superantigen profiles. Emm12 (79.7%) and emm1 (14.9%) accounted for approximately 94% of all the isolates. The speA gene was all negative in emm12 isolates and positive in emm1 isolates. All strains were resistant to erythromycin, and 89.4% of them were resistant to erythromycin, tracycline, and clindamycin simultaneously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Several highly diversified clones with a high macrolide resistance rate comprise a predominant proportion of circulating strains, though no new emm type was found in this outbreak. The data provide a baseline for further surveillance of scarlet fever, which may contribute to the explanation of the outbreak and development of a GAS vaccine in China.</p>

In vitro protein expression profile of Campylobacter jejuni strain NCTC11168 by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protein expression profiles of the major food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Membrane and soluble cellular proteins were extracted from the genome-sequenced C. jejuni strain NCTC11168. Protein expression profiles were determined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). All the detected spots on the 2-DE map were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 537 and 333 spots were detected from the whole cell and membrane-associated proteins of C. jejuni NCTC11168 cultured on Columbia agar medium at 42 °C by 2-DE and Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining, respectively. Analyses of whole cell and membrane-associated proteins included 399 and 133 spots, respectively, which included 182 and 53 functional proteins identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The comprehensive expression protein profiles of C. jeuni NCTC11168 obtained in this study will be useful for elucidating the roles of these proteins in further pathogenesis investigation.</p>

Comparative genomic analysis of gene variations of two Chinese Yersinia pestis isolates from vaccine strain EV76 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate genomic variations of two Chinese Yersinia pestis isolates that were isolated from different plague foci obtained from vaccine strain EV76 from the Yunnan province of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A microarray containing 12 000 probes covering the entire genome of seven Yersinia pestis and two Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains, was used. PCR assays were performed to confirm microarray results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The gene variations detected included the absence of five genes related to the synthesis of betaine in both EV76 and another sequenced attenuated strain, KIM D27. Several genes related to phage-related membrane proteins were found to be absent in the Antiqua biovar Yunnan strain, 485, which was isolated from a rodent plague foci.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings provide initial insight into the distinct strains isolated from natural foci, within their genomic context, including Yunnan Y. pestis strains. This information will be used therefore to establish subsequent comparisons of these sequences with published complete genomes of other strains.</p>

Circumcision with the Chinese Shang Ring in children: outcomes of 824 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effects of using the Chinese Shang Ring in circumcision children with either phimosis or redundant prepuce, and to investigate its superiority over the similar devices available.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 824 children with phimosis or redundant prepuce underwent circumcision with the Shang Ring. The clinical data were assessed concerning the duration of the procedure, incidence of post-operative complications, time of recovery and appearance of the penis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The procedure duration was (2.6 +/-1.2) min, and the complications included infection in 4 (0.6%), edema in 21 (3.2%), delayed removal of the ring in 10 (1.5%), redundant and asymmetric mucosa attributable to performance in 6 (0.9%) of the cases. The wounds healed and the rings were removed at 13.4 +/- 5.8 days after circumcision, with well-smoothed incision and good cosmetic results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Child circumcision with the Chinese Shang Ring is easy and simple in performance, with less operative time, fewer complications and better cosmetic results.</p>

Assessment of comparative genomic hybridization experiment by an in situ synthesized CombiMatrix microarray with Yersinia pestis vaccine strain EV76 DNA / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The quality of microarray data influences the accuracy of comparative genomic analyses to a large extent. To ensure that the results obtained by using an in situ synthesized microarray are accurate, data quality is to be assessed by evaluating the melting temperature (Tm) of probes, probability of false synthesis rates, and fragmentation of labeled targets.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA from the Yersinia pestis vaccine strain EV76 was used for microarray analyses. Microarray results were confirmed by PCR. Statistical and bioinformatics methods were employed to perform microarray data analyses and evaluation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Correlation coefficients of the three datasets were above 0.95 after two-time stripping and hybridization with a labeled DNA with the size of fragmentation being 200 bp - 2 kb, which showed that the hybridization results were highly reproducible. Correlation coefficients were lower with the values ranging from 0.87 to 0.92 between the datasets generated from hybridization with different sizes of the labeled DNA fragment. For the relationship between Tm and signal intensity, there was a different distribution of Tm in the lowest 300 or 3,000 probes with a range of 70 °C-72 °C and the highest 300 or 3,000 probes with a range of 72 °C-74 °C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this study suggest that the initial microarray design may affect the accuracy of final analyses and that the probe Tm and the size of the labeled fragment may be the two factors of the greatest importance.</p>

Accumulation of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in callus and suspension cell of Eucommia ulmoides / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze and compare the cell growth and accumulation of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in the callus and suspension cell of Eucommia ulmoides.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The callus induced from the leaf of E. ulmoides seedlings were suspended in liquid medium. The time courses of cell growth and yields of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid were studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The highest contents of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in the callus were 13.46, 1.712 mg x g(-1), respectively, while the contents of these two secondary metabolites were 16.63, 3.93 mg x g(-1) in suspension cell culture correspondingly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Comparing with callus, the suspension cell showed a short growth period and high growth rate with a remarkable high content of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid.</p>

Detection of genetically modified crops by combination of multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a technique for simultaneous detection of various target genes in Roundup Ready soybean by combining multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two sets of the multiplex PCR system were used to amplify the target genes in genetically modified (GM) soybean. Seventeen capture probes (PCR products) and 17 pairs of corresponding primers were designed according to the genetic characteristics of Rroundup Ready soybean (GTS40-3-2), maize (Mon810, Nk603, GA21), canola (T45, MS1/RF1), and rice (SCK) in many identified GM crops. All of the probes were categorized and identified as species-specific probes. One negative probe and one positive control probe were used to assess the efficiency of all reactions, and therefore eliminate any false positive and negative results. After multiplex PCR reaction, amplicons were adulterated with Cy5-dUTP and hybridized with DNA microarray. The array was then scanned to display the specific hybridization signals of target genes. The assay was applied to the analysis of sample of certified transgenic soybean (Roundup Ready GTS40-3-2) and canola (MS1/RF1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A combination technique of multiplex PCR and DNA microarray was successfully developed to identify multi-target genes in Roundup Ready soybean and MS1/RF1 canola with a great specificity and reliability. Reliable identification of genetic characteristics of Roundup Ready of GM soybean from genetically modified crops was achieved at 0.5% transgenic events, indicating a high sensitivity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A combination technique of multiplex PCR and low-density DNA microarray can reliably detect and identify the genetically modified crops.</p>

Study on Flavonoids Producing and Kinetics in Cell Suspension Culture of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv / 中国生物工程杂志

The type of basic media and the contents of plant growth substances were investigated by orthogonal design experiment,and also the effects of different culture conditions on the growth of suspension cells and the accumulation of total flavonoids in Eucommia ulmoides were studied.The results showed that B5 medium supplemented with 0.5mg/L NAA,0.6mg/L 6-BA and 30g/L sucrose,at initial pH 5.0～5.5,20g(FW)/L inoculation quantity and 110 r/min of rotation speed was a preferable culture conditions for E.ulmoides suspension cells growth and flavonoids synthesis.The results of metabolic kinetics analysis for E.ulmoides cell suspension culture showed that the logistic and Luedeking-Piret equations can be used for describing the kinetics of cell growth,sucrose consumption and flavonoids production during the process.The maximum specific growth rate(?m),the actual growth yield based on sucrose(YG) and maintenance coefficient(m) were 0.417/d,0.619g/g and 0.0206g/(g?d-1) respectively.All these outcomes could give a basis for establishing the suspension cell culture of E.ulmoides and production of the natural active components in large-scale.

Data Mining from Microarray Gene Expression Profile / 中国生物工程杂志

Microarray technology are being performed more widely than ever before on many areas in lifescience,although the technology is still evolving,the challenge of performing a microarray experiment is no longer in the data generation,but in extracting useful information and utilizing it to get the results with biological meanings.Some methods and tools used for expressional microarray data mining based on previous work were summarized.These methods include gene clustering,GO analysis,regulating pathway analysis,and related algorithm.We hope this can be helpful for those researchers who are implementing expressional microarray for biological analysis.

Development of a Multiplex PCR-Microarray Method for Detection of Important Enteropathogen / 中国生物工程杂志

Objective: To establish a multiplex PCR-microarray method for detecting important enteropahogens.Methods: Uniplex and multiplex PCR were performed to obtain the best primer sets for identifying the target bacteria at species and multi-species level.Fluorescent dyes were mixed into PCR reaction to determine whether it can affect the efficiency of amplification.To improve the efficiency of microarray,a 35 pairs primer-labeling system was optimized based on the hybridization results to find the best combination to avoid false negative results.Results: Specific PCR products were all obtained using species-specific primer sets.More preferential amplification may happen when more primer pairs were added to the reaction.The hybridization results showed a positive association between the efficiency of multiplex-PCR and signal intensity.Conventional PCR yielded more products than fluorescent dyes labeled PCR.Thirty-five primers were divided into three different combinations to label target respectively,hybridization results showed a high specificity.Conclusion: Mixing fluorescent dyes into PCR may reduce the efficiency of amplification and hybridization,but may have no effect on the analysis of hybridization results.The hybridization efficiency of microarray depends on the amplification efficiency of multiplex PCR.For microarray target labeling,three primer sets could be used to avoid negative hybridization led by preferential amplification of multiplex-PCR.It indicates that the multiplex PCR-microarray method is an attractive diagnosis tool for the high-throughput identification of enteropathogenic organisms especially for multiple causative agents and epidemiological investigations.

In-vitro activity of rabeprazole, lansoprazole, and esomeprazole against Helicobacter pylori / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antimicrobial activity of Pariet, Tekpron, Nexium, respectively, against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Antimicrobial effects of these medicines were evaluated through detection of MICs for 3 H. pylori strains isolated from different countries.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MIC(99) contents were 2.25 mg/L, 42.5 mg/L and 360 mg/L, respectively, for the three medicines. The strains under testing exhibited the same susceptibility to each medicine. Nexium did not inhibit the bacteria under the concentration of 3.6 - 36 mg/L with more and bigger H. pylori colonies seen when compared with controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The growth inhibitory activity appeared to be different among the three PPI medicines under investigation, with Rabeprazole the most potential agent of the three. Data suggested that the action of growth inhibition in vitro was resting on the characteristic of the given PPI as well as the supplements of the medicine.</p>