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Objective@#The aim of this study is to explore the best administration, timing and efficacy of dexamethasone and Mison in the treatment of different types of sudden deafness. @*Method@#242 cases of sudden deafness first diagnosed in our department were selected. According to the guidelines（2015）, the patients were divided into low frequency descending type （49 cases）, high frequency descending type （66 cases）, flat descending type （71 cases） and total deafness （56 cases）. Different types of patients were randomly divided into tympanic injection group and systemic administration group on the basis of routine treatment. Tympanic injection group was further divided into initial injection group and delayed injection group. Tympanic injection was performed under ear endoscope, once every other day, three times for low frequency descending deafness, and five times for other types of deafness. @*Result@#In comparison of total effective rate, there were significant differences among the three treatments in 49 cases of low frequency descending type, 71 cases of flat descending type and 56 cases of total deafness type （P<0.05）. In 66 cases of high frequency descending type, there was no significant difference among the three treatments （P>0.05）. In the comparison of cure rate, the difference of cure rate among the three treatment methods was also significant in low frequency descending type （P<0.05）. In the other three types of deafness, there was no significant difference among the three treatment methods （P>0.05）. There was no significant difference in the effective rate between men and women （P>0.05） in all patients treated by tympanic injection. There was significant difference in the effective rate of tympanic injection within 7 days of onset and 7 days after onset （P<0.05）. @*Conclusion@#Intratympanic injection of dexamethasone is safe, effective, and easy to use as an initial treatment for low frequency descent, flat, and full deafness, and the sooner the better.
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The aim of this study is to explore the best administration, timing and efficacy of dexamethasone and Mison in the treatment of different types of sudden deafness. 242 cases of sudden deafness first diagnosed in our department were selected. According to the guidelines（2015）, the patients were divided into low frequency descending type （49 cases）, high frequency descending type （66 cases）, flat descending type （71 cases） and total deafness （56 cases）. Different types of patients were randomly divided into tympanic injection group and systemic administration group on the basis of routine treatment. Tympanic injection group was further divided into initial injection group and delayed injection group. Tympanic injection was performed under ear endoscope, once every other day, three times for low frequency descending deafness, and five times for other types of deafness. In comparison of total effective rate, there were significant differences among the three treatments in 49 cases of low frequency descending type, 71 cases of flat descending type and 56 cases of total deafness type （0.05）. In the comparison of cure rate, the difference of cure rate among the three treatment methods was also significant in low frequency descending type （0.05）. There was no significant difference in the effective rate between men and women （>0.05） in all patients treated by tympanic injection. There was significant difference in the effective rate of tympanic injection within 7 days of onset and 7 days after onset （<0.05）. Intratympanic injection of dexamethasone is safe, effective, and easy to use as an initial treatment for low frequency descent, flat, and full deafness, and the sooner the better.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of arotinoid ethyl ester (RO) in Beagle dogs in vivo. METHODS:18 Beagle dogs were randomly divided into high-dose,medium-dose,low-dose groups (40,20,10 mg/kg),6 in each group. Rats were intragastrically administrated related doses of RO. Blood sample 1 mL was taken after 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0, 6.0,8.0,12.0,24.0,36.0,48.0,60.0,72.0 h of administration,and plasma was separated. RP-HPLC was used to determine the concentrations of RO and its metabolite arotinoid acetic acid(RA)in plasma. Using DAS 2.0 software for fitting,pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS:Both RO and RA showed a distribution in one-compartment model in dogs in vivo. The cmax of RO high-dose,medium-dose,low-dose groups in dogs in vivo were (0.42 ± 0.87),(0.54 ± 0.09),(0.31 ± 0.05)μg/mL;t1/2z were(1.20±0.33),(1.14±0.45),(1.90±0.65)h;AUC0-72 h were(3.55±0.90),(0.87±0.50),(0.92±0.31)μg·h/mL;and CL/F were(11.99±4.01),(19.87±10.79),(12.29±7.57)L/(kg·h). The cmax of RA high-dose,medium-dose,low-dose groups in dogs in vivo were (32.51 ± 4.04),(19.87 ± 2.78),(16.55 ± 4.06)μg/mL;t1/2z were (7.27 ± 4.20),(7.17 ± 4.20),(10.18 ± 4.01) h;AUC0-72 h were (408.14 ± 96.61),(333.39 ± 61.28),(286.55 ± 30.96)μg·h/mL;and CL/F were (1.30 ± 0.53)、(0.76 ± 0.87)、(0.54±0.10)L/(kg·h). CONCLUSIONS:Orally taking RO is easy to absorb with rapid elimination. Its active metabolite RA has longer accumulation time in vivo.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Recombinant hirudin enteric-coated capsule by single and multiple administration in Beagle dogs. METHODS:12 Beagle dogs were divided into single ig group and single iv group by random control method,6 in each group. Recombinant hirudin 0.2 mg/kg was intragastrically administrated or intravenously inject-ed,blood sample was collected;after 2 weeks of cleaning,12 dogs were intragastrically administrated recombinant hirudin 0.2 mg/kg,for 7 d. Sample blood was collected,referred to multiple ig group. Recombinant hirudin concentration in plasma was deter-mined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0 software. RESULTS:The results showed that pharmacokinetics by ig and iv recombinant hirudin in Beagle dogs fitted to two-compartment model,abso-lute bioavailability of ig Recombinant hirudin enteric-coated capsule was(14.908±1.868)%;the pharmacokinetic parameters in sin-gle ig group and multiple ig group were tpeak of(2.105±0.243),(3.000±0.000)h,t1/2β of(8.660±2.965),(14.870±2.710)h, cmax of(10.700±0.872),(12.05±1.587)ng/mL,AUC0-1440 min of(55.250±4.386),(58.978±6.002)ng·h/mL,without statistical significances in two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The ig Recombinant hirudin enteric-coated capsule can be absorbed into the blood to a certain extent. There is no accumulation for ig Recombinant hirudin enteric-coated capsule for several days,and it dose not change the pharmacokinetic characteristics.
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Objective Study the effect of chlorogenie acids(CHA)on insulin resistance in obese rats induced by high‐fat diet . Methods We induced the obese rat model by feeding high‐fat diet ,obese rat model were divided into 4 groups:model group ,piogli‐tazone group(4 .5 mg/kg) ,CHA large dose group and group ,and finally determinated the levels of glucose tolerance ,serum insulin , serum lipid profiles and others .Results CHA showed a higher anti‐obesity activity with lower rate of increase of obese rats′body weights ,reversingglucose intolerance induced by high‐fat diet ,ameliorating the hyperinsulinemia ,decreaseing the levels of TG and TC ,and increase liver glycogen and muscle glycogen level compared with other group which treated with high‐fat diet .And in‐creased HOMA‐ISI ,decreased HOMA‐IR .Conclusion CHA can ameliorate the symptoms of insulin resistance in obese rats ,which mechanism may be related with CHA can stimulate glucose uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues ,and decrease the the serum levels of FFA ,decrease oxygen stress ,prevent and cure the injury induced by lipid peroxidation .
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Objective To use three different methods-different nursing level,different ADL and nursing manhour to allocate nursing human resources,and find their difference.Methods Using observation method to record nursing time,and then using three different methods to allocate nursing human resources.Results 22 persons were needed using nursing level to allocate,20 persons were needed using ADL method and 15 persons were needed using nursing manhour to allocate nurses.The difference of direct nursing time between patients with primary care and secondary care had statistically significant difference.The difference of direct nursing time between patients with different ADL had statistically significant difference.Conclusions It is different using three methods to allocate nursing human resources.How to select a suitable method to accurately calculate nursing human resources and combine computer and the present methods is the problem which we should solve currently.
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AIM: To investigate correlation between the expression of survivin and caspase-3 proteins in juvenile laryngeal papilloma. METHODS: The expression of survivin and caspase-3 proteins were detected with immunohistochemial method in 43 cases of juvenile laryngeal papilloma, 25 vocal nodules and 25 normal laryngeal mucosa. RESULTS: The positive rates of survivin protein in juvenile laryngeal papilloma were 57.14% and higher than that in voeal nodules (P<0.01)and the normal laryngeal moeusa (P<0.01). And the Caspase-3 protein positive rate was 26.19% in juvenile laryngeal papilloma and lower than that in voeal nodules and the normal laryngeal mucosa (P<0.01).There was a significant negative correlation between the expression of survivin and caspase-3 in juvenile laryngeal papilloma. CONCLUSION: The abnormal expression of survivin and caspase-3 may play important role in the pathogenesis of juvenile laryngeal papilloma.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of tramadol hydrochloride paracetamol tablets in healthy volunteers.METHODS:10 healthy volunteers were assigned to receive oral single dose of tramadol hydrochloride paracetamol tablets.Plasma concentrations of tramadol hydrochloride and paracetamol were measured by HPLC and the pharmacokinetic parameters were computed by 3p97 software.RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of tramadol hydrochloride and paracetamol all fitted one compartment open model.The pharmacokinetic parameters of tramadol hydrochloride and paracetamol were as follows:t1/2Ka were(0.23?0.16)h and(0.64?0.60)h,t1/2ke were(2.12?0.78)h and(5.48?2.90)h,tmax were(0.90?0.43)h and(1.88?1.12)h,Cmax were(9.37?2.56)?g?mL-1 and(115.27?98.88)ng?mL-1,CL/F(s) were(24.52?7.12)L?h-1 and(0.15?0.08)L?h-1,AUC0～t were(30.38?7.47)?g?h?mL-1 and(598.36?232.14)ng?h?mL-1,AUC0～∞ were(33.02?9.15)?g?h?mL-1 and(800.12?420.92)ng?h?mL-1,MRT0～t were(3.75?1.41)h and(5.46?1.64)h,MRT0～∞ were(5.24?2.92)h and(9.86?6.00)h,respectively.CONCLUSION:This study provided a basis for clinical application of tramadol hydrochloride paracetamol tablets.
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Objective: To explore the protective effect of Shenmai lyophilized preparation (SMP, 参麦冻干剂) on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in cats. Methods: AMI cat model was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery for 4 hours. Cats were randomly divided into five groups: AMI group (4 ml/kg of normal saline ), large dose SMP group (1.76 g/kg), small dose SMP group (0.88 g/kg), Shenmai injection (参麦注射液) group (0.88 g/kg) and nitroglycerine group (0.44 mg/kg). Drugs were given 5 minutes after the left coronary artery ligation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ventricle cardiac arrhythmia were monitored by multichannel biological signal analytical system. MultiCD*2lead ?ST on chest was recorded by cardiofax after myocardial ischemia for 4 hours, the area of AMI was measured by dyes with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). Changes of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum were assayed by colorimetric assay. Results: SMP at the dosage of 0.88 and 1.76 g/kg increased MAP, decreased ?ST and incidence of ventricle cardiac arrhythmia in cats with AMI, shrank the area of AMI and decreased the LDH content and CK activity in serum, respectively compared to the AMI group, the differences being significant in the aboveCD*2mentioned parameters (P
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Objective To observe the effect of oxymatrine on the Absorption of carbohydrate and fat and the activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ? and ?.Methods 64 masculine SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,20 sugar tolerance test,20 triacylglycero Absorption test and 24 oxymatrine effecting on triacylglycero and cholesterin test,and observed the effect of oxymatrine on glycosidase activity,blood sugar and activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ? and ?.Results ① The depressant effect of oxymatrine on the activity of glycosidase was strengthened by the increased dosage.② Oxymatrine could suppress the upgraded level of blood sugar after took amylon and cane-sugar,and inhibit the upgraded level of triacylglycerol after feed by olive oil and hypso-cholesterol,but did not suppress the upgraded level of blood sugar after took glucose and hardly influence the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.③ Oxymatrine could obviously activate the activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ? and ?,the activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ? and ? increased gradually by the augment of the oxymatrine,and expressed evident dose-response relation.Conclusions Oxymatrine could not only directly inhibit the Absorption of triacylglycerol and depress the elevated level of postprandial triacylglycerol,but also activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ?,moreover possess dose-response relation.
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Objective To explore the expression of transforming growth factor ?1(TGF-?1)in the mucosa of guinea pigs with otitis media with effusion(OME)and the role of TGF-?1 in the development of OME.Methods 70 guinea pigs were randomly devided into 7 groups,each with 10 animals.OME was produced by injecting deactivated streptococcus pneumoniae into the typmpanic cavity of guinea pigs.The expression of TGF-?1 was examined by means of immunohistochemistry 6 h,1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d and 30 d after injection.Results TGF-?1 expression could be detected in the middle ear mucosa at 7 d after injection and reached maximum at 30 d.Conclusion TGF-?1 is expressed in the middle ear mucosa of the guinea pigs with OME induced by deactivated streptococcus pneumoniae,and this indicates that TGF-?1 may play a role in the chronic protraction of OME.
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OBJECTIVE： To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavalability of omeprazole capsules in humans.METHODS： 18 male healthy volunteers orally took domestic omeprazole capsules and losec capsulles(used as control)40mg respectively.Blood concentrations of drugs were determined by HPLC.RESULTS： Times to reach the peak levels of omeprazole and losec were （2.10± 0.64） h and （1.88± 0.70） h， the peak plasma concentrations were （895.64± 553.07） ng/ml and （974.67± 554.93） ng/ml and the areas under the drug concentration curves were （1 971.88± 1 220.98 ） ng/（h· ml） and （2 057.60± 1 306.32） ng/（h· ml） respectively.CONCLUSION： The two capsules have the same bioequivalence.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether sodium magnesium fructose diphosphate(SM) could raise the contents of energy sustrates-ATP, ADP and AMP in the tissues of acute myocardial infarction.METHODS: 60 rat models of acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided into 6 groups(n = 10): Treatment groups(A, B, C) received SM(75mg/kg, 38mg/kg and 19mg/kg) in saline sulution respectively, and control groups (D, E) received 1,6 - fructose diphosphate (200mg/kg) or magnesium sulfate(10mg/kg), another control(F) received same volume of saline.Four hours after administration, the levels of ATP,ADP and AMP in the myocardial homogenate were determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The levels of ATP, ADP and AMP of treatment groups(A, B, C) were (612.8± 103.2)、 (538.0± 141.2) and (325.2± 113.2) nmol/g; (407.6± 113.4)、 (389.4±91.5)、 (306.1 ± 134.6) nmol/g and ( 1 637.6 ± 236.8)、 (1 366.8± 279.3)、 ( 1 186.1 ± 341.1) nmol/g; while those of control groups(F) were (119.0± 22.8)、 (146.5± 36.8)、 (436.7± 214.9) nmol/g, respectively(P＜ 0.01 of 0.05) .CONCLUSION: SM can raise the contents of energy substrates- ATP,ADP and AMP in the tissues of acute myocardial infarction.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of diclofenac potassium capsules in normal volunteers.METHODS:A single oral 50mg dose of domestic diclofenac potassium capsules or imported diclofenac potassium tablets were given to 10 healthy male volunteers in an open randomized crossover study.Diclofenac potassium concentration in plasma were determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters as well as relative bioavailability were measured.RESULTS:The concentration－ time curves of domestic diclofenac potassium capsules and imported diclofenac potassium tablets were conformed to one compartment open model.The AUC(0～ 6)was (1 834.52± 711 06） μ g/（ h· L） and (1 891.19± 859.08)μ g/（ h· L） ， Tmax(1.15± 0.77)h and (1.30± 0.97)h,Cmax(1 522.29± 1 063.87)ng/ml and (1 508.54± 892.44)ng/ml respectively.There were no significant differences between the two formulations in the AUC(0～ 6),Tmax,Cmax.CONCLUSION:The relative bioavailability of domestic diclofenac potassium capsule was(100.80± 16 59)％ compared with the imported tablet.The result of the statistical analysis showed that the two formations were bioequivalent.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of salbutamol sulfate orally disinte?grating tablets.METHODS:A single dose of8mg salbutamol sulfate orally disintegrating tablets or commercial salbutamol tablets was administered in a randomized crossover design in18volunteers and the plasma concentrations of salbutamol were determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with3p97pharmacokinetic program and the bioequiv?alency was evaluated.RESULTS:The concentration-time curve of two preparations fitted to two-compartment model.The peak plasma levels(C max )of salbutamol sulfate orally disintegrating tablet and commercial salbutamol sulfate tablet were(17.65?6.48)ng/ml and(16.60?6.21)ng/ml,respectively.The peak time(T max )were(1.92?1.18)h and(2.03?1.17)h and AUC 0～24 were(127.23?32.41)ng/(h?ml)and(131.42?37.73)ng/(h?ml),respectively.The relative bioavailability of salbu_ tamol sulfate orally disintegrating tablet was(99.32?15.58)%.CONCLUSION:The results of two one-side tests suggests that salbutamol sulfate orally disintegrating tablet is bioequivalent to the commercial salbutamol tablet.
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OBJECTIVE:To study pharmacokinetic parameters of melatonin tablet in beagle dogs.METHODS:A single oral dose of3mg melatonin tablet was given to6beagle dogs,drug concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC method,the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by3P97pharmacokinetic program.RESULTS:The concentration-time curves of melatonin fitted two compartment model in the beagle dogs.The t 1/2Ka 、t 1/2Ke 、t max 、C max 、CL and AUC (0～T) were(0.16?0.10)h、(1.21?0.52)h、(0.50?0.18)h、(11.27?3.77)ng/ml、(0.13?0.04)L/h and(25.23?7.71)(ng?h)/ml re-spectively.CONCLUSION:It is rapid to absorb melatonin and initiate sleep in beagle dogs,but it's hold-time is short.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the bioequivalence of Bei Shi metformin hydrochloride(METBS) and Bo Lai metformin hyddrochloride tablets(METBL) in healthy volunteers.METHODS: A single oral dose of 1 OOOmg METBS and METBL were given to 20 healthy volunteers in an open randomized crossover study.Drug concentrations in serum were determined by HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analysed by 3p97 program with a statistic analysis of ANOVA, two-one-side t - test and confidence zone of (la-2a)% .RESULTS: The Tmax, Cmax and AUC(10-24) of METBS tables and METBL tables were (2.42 + 1.03) h and (2.50+1.08) h, (2.22+0.69) ug/ml and (2.1210.47) ug/ml, (16.491 5.70) mg/ (h . L) and (16.98 + 6.38) mg/ (h . L), respectively.There were no significant differences between the two formulations in the Tmax, Cmax and AUC (0-24).CONCLUSION: The mean relative bioavailability of METBS tables was(98.29 + 11.98) % compared with METBL tables.The RESULTS: suggest that two products are bioequivalent.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacodynamic effects of Yemazhui METHODS:Experiments were carried out with conventional cough and asthma models of mouse or guineapig and in vitro antibacterial test RESULTS:Intragastric administration of extracts of Yemazhui to mice,in dosages of 45 1g herb/kg,22 6g herb/kg and 11 3g herb/kg,could exert obvious antitussive,expectorant and antiasthmatic effects and the extract could inhibit common pathogenic bacteria CONCLUSI_ON:Extract of Yemazhui has antitussive,antiasthmatic and expectorant actions
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP) on experimental hemorrhagic shock in rats. METHODS: Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups: the normal saline control group (group A), the 5% glucose solution control group (group B) and the 5% FDP solution treated group (group C). Shock models were made by bloodletting until the mean arterial pressure (MAP) reduced to 39.75 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) for 60 minutes, and then normal saline, 5% glucose and FDP were given to the rats, respectively. RESULTS: FDP could significantly increase MAP and the survival rate, elevate pH value, partial oxygen pressure (PaO(2)) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decrease partial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO(2)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in arterial blood of the shocked animals. CONCLUSIONS: It suggests that FDP has a good protective effect on hemorrhagic shock by improving tissue metabolism and preventing acidosis and tissue injury caused by free radicals.
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AIM: To study intra-ocular distribution and pharmacokinetics of musk eye drops in the rabbit eyes.METHODS: After administration,twenty seven rabbits were euthanatized and taken eye in 0.083 h,0.167 h,0.5 h,1 h,2.0 h,4.0 h,8.0 h and 12 h,and then isolated aqueous humor,vitreous body,further cornea and ciliary margin of iris from rabbits’eyes.The intraocular concentrations of muscone were measured by GC after topical instillation with 10% musk solution in rabbits.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3p97 program.RESULTS: Results showed that the peak concentrations(max) of muscone in various ocular tissues were (107.52 ?67.07),(2.15 ?1.49),(0.034 ?0.007 6),(2.87 ?1.50) and(0.013 ?0.004 5)?g/g or ?g/mLin lacrimal fluid,cornea,aqueous humor,iris and vitreous body;Its half-Life(T1/2) was(8.08 ? 3.08),(2.87? 2.24),(3.37 ? 0.68),(4.69 ? 1.32) and(8.37 ? 2.70) h,respectively.AUC(0→T) of various tissues was (114.57 ?37.41),(11.57 ?7.16),(0.18 ?0.056),(2.86 ?0.42) and(0.079 ?0.017)?g/(h.g) or(?g/h.mL),respectively.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that musk in eye drop has a good permeability and high concentration in various intraocular tissues of rabbit after ocular instillation.