Herbal Textual Research on Euryales Semen in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This paper systematically combed and verified the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing of Euryales Semen in famous classical formulas by consulting relevant ancient materia medica， medical books， prescription books and modern literature. The results showed that Euryales Semen was first collected by materia medica under the name of Jitoushi， and since the Ming dynasty， Qianshi has been used as a proper name and continues to this day， with other aliases such as Yanhuishi. Euryale ferox， a plant of the Nymphaeaceae family， is the same as that used in the past dynasties. However， due to long-term artificial domestication， the varieties vary with the origin， including Beiqian and Suqian. The medicinal part of Euryales Semen is mature seed kernel， its origin of ancient records mainly includes Shandong， Jiangsu， Henan and other places， since the Ming and Qing dynasties， Euryales Semen produced in Suzhou has been highly praised. Since modern times， it has gradually summarized and formed the best quality evaluation method of Euryales Semen with full grains， white cross-section， powdery enough and no broken powder. The harvesting time in the past dynasties was mainly August or in autumn. The main processing methods in the past dynasties included peeling for powder， pounding powder after steaming， drying and frying. Up to now， two mainstream processing methods of cleansing and stir-frying have been formed. Based on the research results， it is recommended that the mature seed kernel of E. ferox be used in famous classical formula Yihuangtang. Combined with the processing requirements of the original formula， it is suggested to refer to the stir-frying method in the general principles of processing of the current edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Evaluation of the predictive ability of individualized drug administration adjuvant decision-making system JPKD for tacrolimus blood concentration in kidney transplant recipients / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the predictive ability and influencing factors of individualized drug administration adjuvant decision-making system Java PK® for Desktop (JPKD) for tacrolimus blood concentration in kidney transplant recipients. Methods The monitoring data of tacrolimus blood concentration from 149 recipients early after kidney transplantation were collected. The trough blood concentration of tacrolimus was predicted by JPKD. The absolute weighted deviation and relative prediction deviation between the actual and predicted concentration were calculated. The influencing factors of the absolute weighted deviation were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and the predictive values of these influencing factors on the accuracy of software prediction were assessed by delineating the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Two hundred and sixty-six samples of tacrolimus blood concentration data were collected from 149 patients. The measured blood concentration of tacrolimus was (6.5±3.0) ng/mL (1.1-16.6 ng/mL), and the predicted value calculated by JPKD was (5.6±2.5) ng/mL (1.4-14.4 ng/mL). The absolute weighted deviation of the calculated data was 28.38%, and the relative prediction deviation was −13.55%. Univariate analysis showed that gender, albumin, changes in hematocrit, cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A5*3 genotype and C3435T genotype were associated with the inaccurate prediction results. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that CYP3A5*3 genotype of AA and the changes in hematocrit were the independent risk factors affecting the accuracy of tacrolimus blood concentration predicted by JPKD. ROC curve analysis showed that when the changes in hematocrit exceeded 2.25%, the risk of inaccurate software prediction was increased. Conclusions JPKD possesses certain accuracy in predicting the blood concentration of tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients, which may improve the qualified rate of tacrolimus blood concentration. Nevertheless, CYP3A5*3 genotype and the changes of hematocrit may affect the accuracy of predictions.

Targeting ferroptosis for treatment of Alzheimer' s disease / 中国药理学通报

Alzheimer' s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder histologically characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) found in and around pyramidal neurons in cortical tissue. Mounting evidence suggests regional increased iron load and dyshomeostasis have been associated with oxidative stress, oxidation of proteins and lipids, and cell death, and appears to be a risk factor for more rapid cognitive decline, thereby involved in multiple aspects of the pathophysiology of AD. Ferroptosis is a newly identified iron-dependent lipid peroxidation-driven cell death and emerging evidences have demonstrated the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathological process of AD. Notably, some novel compounds targeting ferroptosis can relieve AD-related pathological symptoms in AD cells and animal model and exhibit potential clinical benefits in AD patients. This review systematically summarizes the growing molecular and clinical evidence implicating ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AD, and then reviews the application of ferroptosis inhibitors in mouse/cell models to provide valuable information for future treatment and prevention of AD.

Therapeutic potential of targeting SIRT1 for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease / 生理学报

Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is one of the seven mammalian proteins of the sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. SIRT1 plays a pivotal role in neuroprotection and ongoing research has uncovered a mechanism by which SIRT1 may exert a neuroprotective effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD). Growing evidence demonstrates that SIRT1 regulates many pathological processes including amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) processing, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and mitochondrial dysfunction. SIRT1 has recently received enormous attention, and pharmacological or transgenic approaches to activate the sirtuin pathway have shown promising results in the experimental models of AD. In the present review, we delineate the role of SIRT1 in AD from a disease-centered perspective and provides an up-to-date overview of the SIRT1 modulators and their potential as effective therapeutics in AD.

Observation of early clinical efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopy technique in the treatment of lumbar postoperative adjacent segmental diseases / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate early clinical efficacy of unilateral biportal endoscopy technique for the treatment of lumbar postoperative adjacent segmental diseases.@*METHODS@#Fourteen patients with lumbar postoperative adjacent segmental diseases were treated with unilateral biportal endoscopy technique from June 2019 to June 2020. Among them, there were 9 males and 5 females, aged from 52 to 73 years old, and the interval between primary and revision operations ranged from 19 to 64 months. Adjacent segmental degeneration occurred after lumbar fusion in 10 patients and after lumbar nonfusion fixation in 4 patients. All the patients received unilateral biportal endoscopy assisted posterior unilateral lamina decompression or unilateral approach to the contralateral decompression. The operation time, postoperative hospital stay and complications were observed. The visual analogue scale (VAS) of low back pain and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score were recorded before operation and at 3 days, 3 months, and 6 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#All procedures were successfully completed. Surgical duration ranged from 32 to 151 min. Postoperative CT showed adequate decompression and preservation of most joints. Out of bed walking 1 to 3 days after surgery, postoperative hospital stay was 1 to 8 days, and postoperative follow-up was 6 to 11 months. All 14 patients returned to normal life within 3 weeks after surgery, and VAS, ODI, and mJOA scores improved significantly at 3 days and 3, 6 months after surgery. One patient occurred cerebrospinal fluid leak after operation, received local compression suture, and the wound healed after conservative treatment. One patient occurred postoperative cauda equina neurologic deficit, which was gradually recovered about 1 month after rehabilitation therapy. One patients advented transient pain of lower limbs after surgery, and the symptoms were relieved after 7 days of treatment with hormones, dehydration drugs and symptomatic management.@*CONCLUSION@#Unilateral biportal endoscopy technique has a good early clinical efficacy in the treatment of lumbar postoperative adjacent segmental diseases, which may provide a new minimally invasive, non-fixation option for the treatment of adjacent segment disease.

Analysis of Forty-Two Psychoactive Substances in a Single Hair by Micro-Segmental Technique / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish an LC-MS/MS method based on single hair micro-segmental technique, and verify the detection of 42 psychoactive substances in 0.4 mm hair segments.@*METHODS@#Each piece of single hair was cut into 0.4 mm segments and extracted by sonication and the segments were immersed in dithiothreitol-containing extraction medium. Mobile phase A was the aqueous solution containing 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid, and 5% acetonitrile. Mobile phase B was acetonitrile. An electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used for data acquisition in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.@*RESULTS@#The 42 psychoactive substances in hair had a good linear relationship within their respective linear ranges (r>0.99), the limits of detection were 0.2-10 pg/mm, the limits of quantification were 0.5-20 pg/mm, the intra-day and inter-day precisions were 1.5%-12.7%, the intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 86.5%-109.2%, the recovery rates were 68.1%-98.2%, and the matrix effects were 71.3%-111.7%. The method was applied to hair samples collected from one volunteer at 28 d after a single dose of zolpidem, with zolpidem detected in 5 hairs was 1.08-1.60 cm near the root tip, and the concentration range was 0.62-20.5 pg/mm.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The micro-segmental technique of single hair analysis can be applied to the investigation of drug-facilitated sexual assault cases.

Socioeconomic Status Impacts the Prognosis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Treated by Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: An Observational Cohort Study in Northeast China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and postoperative outcomes in patients with chronic sinusitis (CRS) after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).@*METHODS@#We conducted an observational cohort study of 1,047 patients with CRS undergoing ESS. Discharged patients were followed up to 72 weeks for all-cause recurrence events. Baseline SES was established based on occupation, education level, and family income of the patients 1 year before the operation. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the recovery rate after ESS, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between SES and prognosis.@*RESULTS@#Patients of middle SES had lower unadjusted all-cause recurrence than those of low or high SES; 24-week overall recovery rate was 90.4% [95 % confidence interval ( CI): 89.6%-91.2%] in patients of middle SES, 13.5% (95 % CI: 12.8%-14.2%) in patients of low SES, and 31.7% (95 % CI: 30.7%-32.7%) in patients of high SES (both log-rank P < 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, hazard ratios ( HRs) were 7.69 (95 % CI: 6.17-9.71, P trend < 0.001) for all-cause recurrence for low SES versus middle SES, and 6.19 (95 % CI: 4.78-7.93, P trend < 0.001) for middle SES versus high SES.@*CONCLUSION@#Low SES and high SES were more associated with the worse prognosis of CRS patients after ESS than middle SES.

Advances in in vitro and in vivo models for Listeria monocytogenes placental infection / 生物工程学报

Listeria monocytogenes is recognized as a significant foodborne pathogen, capable of causing listeriosis in humans, which is a global public health concern. This pathogen is particularly dangerous for pregnant women, as it can lead to invasive listeriosis in fetuses and neonates, posing a significant threat to both maternal and fetal health. Therefore, establishing suitable in vitro and in vivo models for L. monocytogenes placenta infection, as well as analyzing and exploring the infection process and its pathogenic mechanism, are important approaches to prevent and control L. monocytogenes infection in mothers and infants. In this study, we reviewed the in vitro and in vivo placental models used for studying the infection of L. monocytogenes in maternal and infant, summarized and discussed the advantages and limitations of each model, and explored the potential of in vitro cell models and organoids for the study of L. monocytogenes infection. This paper aims to support the study of the infection pathway and pathogenesis of listeriosis and provide scientific references for the prevention and control of L. monocytogenes infection.

New research advances in hypertrophic scar formation, prevention and treatment / 中华预防医学杂志

Scarring, naturally induced by fibroblasts(Fb) during wound healing, is an essential process in response to repair damaged tissue. Excessive Fb proliferation which produces the excessive collagen deposition, including increased extracellular matrix synthesis or insufficient decomposition, typically contributes to hypertrophic scar(HS) formation. Although exact mechanisms of HS are not yet fully understood, it is generally believed that dysfunction of Fb and regulation of signal pathways play an important role in HS formation. Biologically, Fb function is affected by various factors such as cytokines, extracellular matrix and itself. In addition, modifications of miRNA, ceRNA, lncRNA, peptides and histones participate in HS formation by affecting the biological function of Fb. Despite the clinical importance, very few therapeutic modalities are available to prevent HS. To achieve this, a deeper characterization of Fb is required to identify mechanisms of HS. To the aspect of HS prevention and treatment, we review recent findings, concentrating on Fb function and collagen secretion. The objective of this article is to frame the current understanding, gain the deeper insights into Fb function, and provide the more comprehensive cognition and perspective for prevention and treatment of HS.

Regulating the immune response to carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice by blocking inducible co-stimulatory molecules and interleukin-33 / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of combined blockade of interleukin-33 (IL-33) and inducible co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS) on carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver fibrosis and imbalance of T helper lymphocyte subsets in mice. Methods: There were 40 BALB/c mice in each model and control group. Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportion of Th1/Th2/Th17 cells in the splenic lymphocyte suspension of mice, the expression levels of interferon γ, IL-4, and IL-17 in the splenic lymphocyte suspension of liver fibrosis mice after combined blockade of IL-33 and ICOS, and the pathological changes of liver histopathology in mice with liver fibrosis. Two independent sample t-test was used to compare data between groups. Results: Compared with the non-blocking group, the proportion of Th2 and Th17 cells in the IL-33/ICOS blocking group was significantly down-regulated (Th2: 65.96% ± 6.04% vs. 49.09% ± 7.03%; Th17: 19.17% ± 4.03% vs. 9.56% ± 2.03%), while the proportion of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio were up-regulated (Th1: 17.14% ± 3.02% vs. 31.93% ± 5.02%; Th1/Th2: 0.28 ± 0.06 vs. 0.62 ± 0.23), and the difference was statistically significant (t = 5.15, 6.03, 7.14, 4.28, respectively, with P < 0.05). After entering the chronic inflammation stage of liver fibrosis in mice (10 weeks), compared with the non-blocking group, the expression levels of IL-4 and IL-17 in the blockade group were significantly down-regulated [IL-4: (84.75 ± 14.35) pg/ ml vs. (77.88 ± 19.61) pg/ml; IL-17: (72.38 ± 15.13) pg/ml vs. (36.38 ± 8.65) pg/ml], while the expression of interferon γ was up-regulated [(37.25 ± 11.51) pg/ml vs. (77.88 ± 19.61) pg/ml], and the difference was statistically significant (t: IL-4: 4.71; IL-17: 5.84; interferon γ: 5.05, respectively, with P < 0.05). Liver histopathological results showed that hepatic necrosis, hepatic lobular structural disorder, and fibrous tissue hyperplasia were significantly lower in the blockade group than those in the non-blocking group at 13 weeks of liver fibrosis. Conclusion: Combined blockade of the ICOS signaling pathway and IL-33 can regulate Th2 and Th17 polarization, down-regulate the inflammatory response, and inhibit or prevent the occurrence and progression of fibrosis.

Mediating effect of rumination on anxiety, depression and quality of life in adult patients with epilepsy / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect between anxiety, depression and quality of life in adult patients with epilepsy.Methods:A total of 118 adult patients with epilepsy from Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University were investigated with the ruminative responses scale (RRS), neurological disorders depression inventory for epilepsy (NDDI-E), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), quality of life scale for adult epilepsy patients (QOLIE-31 Chinese Version) and the self-made general situation questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0 software.Pearson correlation analysis was employed to assess the relationships between rumination, quality of life, anxiety, and depression scores. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to examine the mediating effect.Results:Among the 118 participants, 5 (4.24%), 58 (49.15%), and 55 (46.61%) patients exhibited high (RRS=66-88), middle (RRS=44-65), and low (RRS=22-43) level of rumination, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significantly negative correlations between the scores of rumination and its dimensions and quality of life in patients with epilepsy ( r=-0.411--0.318, all P<0.05). Additionally, there were significantly positive correlations between the scores of rumination and its dimensions and anxiety scores ( r=0.524-0.676, all P<0.05) and depression scores ( r=0.566-0.767, all P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that rumination played partially mediating role in the relationship between anxiety and quality of life, as well as the relationship between depression and quality of life, with mediation effect values of -0.201 and -0.215, respectively. Conclusion:Anxiety and depression can affect the quality of life of adult patients with epilepsy through rumination.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the management of imported malaria in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemic status of imported malaria and national malaria control program in China, so as to provide insights into post-elimination malaria surveillance.@*METHODS@#All data pertaining to imported malaria cases were collected from Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during the period from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2021. The number of malaria cases, species of malaria parasites, country where malaria parasite were infected, diagnosis and treatment after returning to China, and response were compared before (from January 1, 2018 to January 22, 2020) and after the COVID-19 pandemic (from January 23, 2020 to December 31, 2021).@*RESULTS@#A total of 2 054 imported malaria cases were reported in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, and there were 1 722 cases and 332 cases reported before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. All cases were reported within one day after definitive diagnosis. The annual mean number of reported malaria cases reduced by 79.30% in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region after the COVID-19 pandemic (171 cases) than before the pandemic (826 cases), and the number of monthly reported malaria cases significantly reduced in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region since February 2020. There was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of species of malaria parasites among the imported malaria cases in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (χ2 = 146.70, P < 0.05), and P. falciparum malaria was predominant before the COVID-19 pandemic (72.30%), while P. ovale malaria (44.28%) was predominant after the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by P. falciparum malaria (37.65%). There was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of country where malaria parasites were infected among imported malaria cases in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (χ2 = 13.83, P < 0.05), and the proportion of malaria cases that acquired Plasmodium infections in western Africa reduced after the COVID-19 pandemic that before the pandemic (44.13% vs. 37.95%; χ2 = 4.34, P < 0.05), while the proportion of malaria cases that acquired Plasmodium infections in eastern Africa increased after the COVID-19 pandemic that before the pandemic (9.58% vs. 15.36%; χ2 = 9.88, P = 0.02). The proportion of completing case investigation within 3 days was significantly lower after the COVID-19 pandemic than before the pandemic (96.69% vs. 98.32%; χ2= 3.87, P < 0.05), while the proportion of finishing foci investigation and response within 7 days was significantly higher after the COVID-19 pandemic than before the pandemic (100.00% vs. 98.43%; χ2 = 3.95, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The number of imported malaria cases remarkably reduced in Anhui Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a decreased proportion of completing case investigations within 3 days. The sensitivity of the malaria surveillance-response system requires to be improved to prevent the risk of secondary transmission of malaria due to the sharp increase in the number of imported malaria cases following the change of the COVID-19 containment policy.

Effects of Hydroxycamptothecin Liposomes on Myocardial Fibrosis in Heart Failure Rats by Regulating Sphingosine Kinase 1/Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling Pathway / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of hydroxycamptothecin liposomes （LHCPT） on myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure by regulating the sphingosine kinase 1 （SphK1）/sphingosine-1-phosphate （S1P） signaling pathway. MethodsSD rats were divided into control group， model group， hydroxycamptothecin （HCPT） group， LHCPT group， captopril group， and LHCPT+K6PC-5 （SphK1 activator） group， with 12 rats in each group. The heart failure rat models in all groups except the control group were established by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin and then the corresponding drugs were given once a day. After four weeks， we applied color Doppler ultrasound to detect left ventricular end systolic diameter （LVESD）， left ventricular end diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， and left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） in rats； HE and Masson staining for myocardial pathological damage and myocardial fibrosis in rats， respectively； ELISA method for the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in rat myocardial tissues； qRT-PCR for the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）， type I collagen （Collagen I）， and type Ⅲ collagen （Collagen Ⅲ） in rat myocardial tissues； Western blot for the expression of SphK1 and S1P proteins in rat myocardial tissues. ResultsCompared with the control group， the model group showed severe myocardial pathological damage and myocardial fibrosis， increased LVESD， LVEDD， levels of TNF-α and IL-6， expression of TGF-β1， Collagen I， Collagen Ⅲ， SphK1， S1P and decreased LVEF （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the HCPT group， LHCPT group and captopril group showed alleviated myocardial pathological damage and myocardial fibrosis， decreased LVESD， LVEDD， levels of TNF-α and IL-6， expression of TGF-β1， Collagen I， Collagen Ⅲ， SphK1， S1P and increased LVEF （P<0.05）. Compared with the LHCPT group， the LHCPT+K6PC-5 group showed aggravated myocardial pathological damage and myocardial fibrosis， increased LVESD， LVEDD， levels of TNF-α and IL-6， expression of TGF-β1， Collagen I， Collagen Ⅲ， SphK1， S1P and decreased LVEF （P<0.05）. ConclusionLHCPT may inhibit myocardial fibrosis in heart failure rats by inhibiting the SphK1/S1P signaling pathway.

Clinical study on Sanhuang Qingre Fuming and Washing Decoction combined with Chinese medical excision in the treatment of horseshoe perianal abscess after high position / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Sanhuang Qingre Fuming and Washing Decoction combined with Chinese medical excision in the treatment of horseshoe-shaped perianal abscess after high position and to explore its mechanism of action.Methods:Randomized controlled trial. Sixty surgical patients in our hospital from April 2020 to February 2021 were selected as observation objects. The patients were divided into two groups according to the random number table, with 30 patients in each group. Both groups were treated with Traditional Chinese Medicine drainage. On the second day after operation, the control group was treated with potassium permanganate sitz bath fumigation and washing, and the observation group was treated with Sanhuang Qingre Fuming and Washing Decoction. The wound healing time was observed in the two groups, serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, VEGF, bFGF, and EGF levels were detected by ELISA on the 1st and 7th d after operation, respectively. Serum SOD level was detected by the chemiluminescence method, and serum MDA level was detected by thiobarbituric acid method.Results:The wound healing time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group ( t=3.37, P<0.01). The recovery rate was 93.3% (28/30) in the observation group and 76.7% (23/30) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant between the two groups ( χ2=4.32, P=0.038). Seven days after surgery, the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 2.01, 2.05 and 4.88, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01), the level of SOD was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=-2.13, P=0.038), the level of MDA water was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=3.26, P=0.002), and the levels of VEGF, bFGF and EGF were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t values were -2.02, -3.33, -3.77, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusion:Sanhuang Qingre Tuming and Washing Decoction combined with Chinese medical excision in the treatment could shorten the healing time of the wound surface of horseshoe-shaped perianal abscess after high elevation and improve the recovery rate. The Sanhuang Qingre Fuming and Washing Decoction may reduce inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress damage, improve the level of growth factors and facilitate the postoperative tissue repair.

Recent progress of epigallocatechin 3-gallate for treatment of Parkinson's disease / 中国药理学通报

Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is an abundant polyphenolie component originating from green tea extract that has exhibited versatile bioactivities in combating several diseases. During the last decade, EGCG are effective in experimental models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Several experimental studies suggest the pleiotropic neuroprotective effects, aiding to EGCG as an appealing therapeutic strategy in PD. Therefore, in this review we focus on the effects of EGCG on anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, modulation of dopamine production, and the aggregation of a-synuclein. We aim to compile the recent updates and cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection of EGCG in PD. This review highlights the pharmacological features of EGCG and its therapeutic implications in PD.

Clinical characteristics of critically ill children aged two years old and above with respiratory syncytial virus infection in PICU / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of children aged two years old and above with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods:Children who had RSV infection admitted to PICU at Children′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2019 to December 2021 were divided into older age group(≥two years old) and younger age group(<two years old) according to age, and the differences in general information and common clinical manifestations between two groups were compared.The results of other positive pathogens, major treatments and outcomes were collected simultaneously for children in older age group.Results:(1) A total of 226 cases were included, including 193(85.4%) cases in younger age group and 33(14.6%) cases in older age group, 2-6 years old 25(75.8%) cases; the incidence of combined underlying diseases did not differ between two groups ( P>0.05); In younger age group, there were 132(64.8%) cases of fever and 125(64.8%) cases of wheezing; In older age group, there were 31(93.9%) cases of fever and 13(39.4%) cases of wheezing; the incidence of fever was higher in older age group than that in younger age group( χ2=9.147, P<0.05), and the incidence of wheezing was lower than that in younger age group( χ2=7.631, P<0.05), and the differences were statistically significant.(2) There were 15 (45.5%) cases of simple infection and 18 (54.5%) cases of mixed infection in older age group, and the P/F was significantly different between children with simple infection and those with mixed infection ( P<0.05); there were 14 (42.4%) cases of combined underlying diseases and 19 (57.6%) cases without underlying diseases, and the length of stay in PICU was different between children with combined underlying diseases and those without underlying diseases ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in mechanical ventilation or total length of stay ( P>0.05). Conclusion:RSV infection in children aged two years old and above in PICU occurres mostly between two and six years of age, with a relatively low incidence of wheezing and common fever; RSV infection alone may have a greater impact on oxygenation, and combined underlying diseases can affect the length of stay in PICU.

A study on the clinical application of different diagnostic criteria for bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To compare the results of clinical diagnosis and severity grading in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) using three different diagnostic criteria and the consistency of two new diagnostic criteria.Methods:From January to December, 2020, infants with gestational age <32 w admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital were retrospectively enrolled in this cohort study. The patients were diagnosed and graded according to the 2001, 2018 and 2019 criteria of BPD. Chi-square test was used to compare the differences of BPD diagnostic rate and mortality rate using three criteria and Kappa coefficient test was used to compare the consistency between the two new criteria of 2018 NICHD and 2019 NRN.Results:A total of 231 preterm infants were enrolled, including 130 males (56.3%) and 101 females. 9 patients were dead. According to 2018 NICHD criteria, 97 cases (42.0%) were diagnosed with BPD, including 16 gradeⅠ, 44 grade Ⅱ, 31 grade Ⅲ and 6 grade ⅢA. The remaining 134 cases were not BPD (58.0%). No significant differences existed ( P>0.05) among the diagnostic rates of 2001 criteria (112/231, 48.5%), 2018 criteria (97/231, 42.0%) and 2019 criteria (91/231, 39.4%). For grade Ⅲ BPD, the diagnostic rate of 2001 criteria was significantly higher than the 2018 criteria (including grade Ⅲ and grade ⅢA, 16.0%) and 2019 criteria (6.5%) and the diagnostic rate of 2018 criteria was also significantly higher than 2019 criteria ( P<0.05). No significant differences existed in the overall mortality rate of BPD among three criteria ( P>0.05), however, the case mortality rate of grade Ⅲ BPD of 2001 criteria (3.9%) was significantly lower than 2018 criteria (24.3%) and 2019 criteria (20.0%) ( P<0.05). The 2018 and 2019 criteria were highly consistent in the overall diagnostic rate of BPD (Kappa value = 0.946), the positive consistency rate was 93.8% (95% CI 85.5%~97.5%) and the negative consistency rate was 100.0% (95% CI 96.5%~100.0%). But the consistency of severity grading for BPD was weak (Kappa value = 0.597) between the two criteria. Conclusions:The 2001 NICHD BPD criteria is no longer valid because it tends to overdiagnose severe BPD, thus underestimate the case mortality. The 2018 NICHD criteria is comprehensive and detailed and the 2019 NRN criteria is simple and practical. The two new criteria are highly consistent in the overall diagnosis of BPD, but the consistency of severity grading is weak.

Development of an online continuing education course of pediatrics for primary physicians with ADDIE model and its evaluation:a qualitative study / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To develop an online continuing education course of pediatrics for primary physicians using the ADDIE model and to evaluate its application effect.Methods:Experts in fields of general practice and pediatrics were invited to develop an online continuing education course of pediatrics for general practitioners using ADDIE model from June to July 2020. From August 2020 to September 2020 the course was conducted with 12 live sessions on the open platform. In September 2020, 16 primary pediatricians and 15 general practitioners who completed whole courses were invited to attend focus group interviews. The interview contents were recorded, transcribed, and coded using Nvivo software; the subject frame analysis method was used to sort the data and refine the theme.Results:Information was saturated by focus group interviews with 14 general practitioners and 14 pediatricians. Finally, three themes were extracted from the interview results:(1)The advantages of this course were practicality, comprehensiveness and online teaching; (2) The course improved the diagnosis and treatment ability of participants, increased self-confidence of doctors and satisfaction of patients, and also promoted academic exchanges among colleagues; (3) For future improvement of the course, the clinical knowledge points, practical procedures, new thinking of diagnosis and treatment, progress in guidelines, and knowledge depth should be added; and the use of case teaching and combination of online with offline, and extending teaching time should be considered.Conclusion:An online continuing education course of pediatrics for primary physicians has been developed based on the ADDIE model, which received favorable feedback from the primary pediatricians and general practitioners who attended the course.

Detection of drug resistance genes of mycobacterium tuberculosis by rolling circle amplification technique with multicolor fluorescent probes / 中华预防医学杂志

The aim of this study was to construct a simple, rapid and ultra-sensitive optical biosensing technique based on rolling circle amplification (RCA), and to apply it to multiple detection of drug-resistant genes of mycobacterium tuberculosis. The common mutation sites of isoniazid, rifampicin and streptomycin resistance genes are katG315 (AGC➝ACC), rpoB531 (CAC➝TAC) and rpsL43 (AAG➝AGG). For these three gene sites, from February 2020 to May 2021, in the Department of Laboratory Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, the padlock probe (PLP), primers and capture probes were designed. And a solid-phase RCA constant temperature amplification reaction system based on magnetic beads was constructed and the experimental parameters were optimized. The RCA products were accurately captured by the multicolor fluorescent probes (Cy3/Cy5/ROX), and the single-tube multiple detection of three mutation genes was realized. The sensitivity, specificity and linear range of this method were further verified. The results showed that the response range of katG315 in the same reaction system ranged from 1.0 pmol/L to 0.1 nmol/L. The response range of rpoB531 and rpsL43 ranged from 1.0 pmol/L to 50.0 pmol/L and 1.0 pmol/L to 20.0 pmol/L, and the method had good specificity and sensitivity, and could accurately identify single base mutations in mixed targets, with the minimum detection limit as low as 1.0 pmol/L. The recoveries of simulated serum samples were 95.0%-105.2%. In conclusion, the constant temperature amplification multiple detection method constructed in this study can quickly realize the single-tube multiple detection of three drug resistance mutation sites. This technology is low-cost, simple and rapid, and does not rely on large equipment, providing a new analysis method for pathogen drug resistance gene detection.