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Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on phosphatase and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin signaling pathway in the midbrain substantia nigra of Thy1-α synuclein(αSyn)transgenic model mice with Parkinson disease(PD). Methods:Twenty-four Thy1-αSyn transgenic mice were randomly divided into a model group,an acupuncture group,an acupuncture + moxibustion group,and a Western medicine group.Six wild-type mice in the same litter were used as the wild-type group.In the acupuncture group,Baihui(GV20)and Yanglingquan(GB34)were selected for acupuncture.In the acupuncture + moxibustion group,Guanyuan(CV4)was added on the basis of the acupuncture group.The Western medicine group was given rapamycin intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 10 mg/(kg·bw).The wild-type group and the model group were fixed without intervention.The overall rod performance(ORP)score of mice was observed in each group.The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive neurons in the substantia nigra of mice in each group.The αSyn was detected by the immunofluorescence chemical method.The expression levels of αSyn,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,autophagy protein sequestosome-1/protein 62(SQSTM-1/p62),PINK1,Parkin,and ubiquitin-specific protease 30(USP30)proteins were detected by Western blotting assay.The expression levels of LC3B,p62,PINK1,Parkin,and USP30 mRNAs were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with the wild-type group,the ORP score,the p62,PINK1,and Parkin protein expression levels decreased significantly(P<0.01),the PINK1 mRNA expression level decreased(P<0.05),while the protein and mRNA expression levels of USP30 increased(P<0.05)in the model group.Compared with the model group,the ORP score in the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + moxibustion group increased(P<0.05);the expression level of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein in the acupuncture + moxibustion group and the Western medicine group increased(P<0.05);the protein expression levels of p62,PINK1,and Parkin increased(P<0.05),while the USP30 protein expression level decreased significantly(P<0.01)in the acupuncture group,the acupuncture + moxibustion group,and the Western medicine group;the Parkin mRNA expression level in the acupuncture group and the acupuncture + moxibustion group increased(P<0.05);the USP30 mRNA expression level in the acupuncture + moxibustion group decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture and moxibustion regulate the related molecule expression levels of PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway in the Thy1-αSyn transgenic PD model mice and promote the autophagy degradation of αSyn to exert the protective effect of dopaminergic neurons.
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Participating in the National Oral Medical Skills Competition can push forward the teaching reform and curriculum construction,and promote the standardized development of teaching.According to the changes of competition level,rules and content of the National Oral Medical Skills Competition,the selection and training methods have been reformed.By designing the training programs,quantifying the scoring standards,strengthening the oral physician guidance and strengthening the psychological counseling and other trainings,satisfactory results have been achieved.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tooth intrusion easily leads to root resorption. Previous studies regarding orthodontic treatment-caused tooth root resorption or retrospective clinical studies based on X-ray films have great errors in outcome evaluation because of intrusion force which cannot be precisely controlled. OBJECTIVE: This study established dog models of mini-implant anchorage for incisor intrusion to observe the histological changes of tooth root and periodontal tissue and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of mini-implant anchorage for incisor intrusion. METHODS: Nine dogs were assigned to one control group (n = 1) and four experimental groups per time to sacrifice (1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks; n = 2 dogs for each experimental group). No force was added to the control group. In the experimental groups, mini-implant as an anchorage was placed in the buccal alveoli between maxillary second and third incisors on each side. A traction force of 100 g was imposed to each side to intrude the maxillary first and second incisors on each side. At 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks (traction force was imposed for 4 weeks and after withdrawal of extraction force, mini-implant was retained in place for 8 weeks), dogs were sacrificed. The first and second incisors together with gingival and alveolar bone were completely resected to prepare histological specimens. Following hematoxylin-eosin staining, histological changes of tooth root and periodontal tissue were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, in the 1-week group, histological changes were primarily at the root tip and alveolar ridge crest, alveolar bone and cementum were absorbed and peridental membrane presented glassy degeneration in local region; in the 2-week group, bone resorption degree and range were obviously enlarged, and bone resorption developed from root tip, root middle part to cervical part; in the 4-week group, bone resorption was still active and the glassy degeneration of peridental membrane disappeared; in the 12-week group, significant improvement in alveolar bone and cemental surface was observed, bone lacuna had deposition of newly formed bone, and peridental membrane was orderly arranged. These findings reveal that in the mini-implant anchorage for dog incisor intrusion, early histological changes primarily appear in the root tip and alveolar ridge crest, presenting as alveolar bone and cemental resorption and the glassy degeneration of the peridental membrane. Bone resorption extent and range expand with the persistence of traction force. After withdrawal of traction force, tooth root and periodontal tissue were gradually repaired