A new pyrazine from Hypecoum erectum L / 药学学报

Four pyrazines were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of Hypecoum erectum L. by using various chromatographic methods, including MCI gel, ODS, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified as hyperectpyrazin A (1), 1′S-(6-methylpyrazin-2-yl)-ethane-1′,2′-diol (2), 2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylpyrazin (3) and pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (4) by spectroscopy methods (1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR, MS, etc.). The absolute configuration of compound 2 was determined by using the Mo2(OAc)4 induced CD analysis for the first time. Compound 1 was a new compound, compounds 2-4 were isolated from H. erectum for the first time. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their inhibition against acetylcholinesterase and nitric oxide generation induced by lipopolysaccharide-RAW264.7 macrophage cells. At a concentration of 50 μmol·L-1, compounds 2 and 4 displayed inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase with the inhibition rates of 44.40% and 43.99%, respectively.

Genomic Analysis of Monkeypox Virus During the 2023 Epidemic in Korea

We aimed to characterize the genomes of monkeypox virus isolates from the Far East, providing insights into viral transmission and evolution. Genomic analysis was conducted on 8 isolates obtained from patients with monkeypox virus disease in the Republic of Korea between May 2022 and early 2023. These isolates were classified into Clade IIb. Distinct lineages, including B.1.1, A.2.1, and B.1.3, were observed in 2022 and 2023 isolates, with only the B.1.3 lineage detected in six isolates of 2023. These genetic features were specific to Far East isolates (the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan), distinguishing them from the diverse lineages found in the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Oceania. In early 2023, the prevalence of the B.1.3 lineage of monkeypox virus identified in six patients with no overseas travel history is considered as an indicator of the potential initiation of local transmission in the Republic of Korea.

Serological characteristics of anti-PP1Pk and literature review on P blood group system / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To comprehensively explore the serological characteristics of anti-PP1Pk and potential therapeutic strategies for recurrent miscarriage in p-blood type pregnant women. 【Methods】 Neutralization with pigeon egg white and human plasma, disruption of IgM antibodies by 2-mercaptoethanol reagent, and complement adding were conducted. Anti-PP1Pk titers under different processing conditions, media and temperatures were determined, and neutralizing effect of human plasma on anti-PP1Pk and its sensitization complement ability were analyzed. 【Results】 The titers of anti-PP1Pk in saline and column agglutination were 4 and 8, respectively. Low temperature increased titers, while β-mercaptoethanol treatment significantly reduced them. Pigeon egg white partially neutralized anti-PP1Pk antibodies. Human plasma was also capable of reducing anti-PP1Pk titers with neutralization capability surpassing that of pigeon egg white, and there were individual differences in neutralization capability. 【Conclusion】 The anti-PP1Pk was a blend of antibodies encompassing both IgM and IgG types, exhibiting cold reactivity, and having the potential for complement activation. Human plasma emerges as an effective modulator for diminishing the efficacy of anti-PP1Pk. Plasma transfusion holds promise as a therapeutic avenue for addressing recurrent miscarriages in pregnant individuals with the p phenotype.

Inhibitory effect of miR-133a on liver cancer through tar-geted regulation of G6PD expression / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To explore if miR-133a is involved in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)via regulating G6PD.Methods:Bioinformatics analysis predicted the binding sites of miR-133a and G6PD;RT-PCR or western blot was used to assess the expres-sion of miR-133a and G6PD in HCC tissues and the adjacent normal tissues;CCK-8 and flow cy-tometry assays were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-133a/G6PD on cell proliferation,apop-tosis;Fluorescent reporter gene and western blot assays were used to assess the effect of miR-133a on G6PD expression.Results:miR-133a expression was decreased in HCC tissues while G6PD was increased(P0.01);Up-regulation of miR-133a significantly reduced G6PD expression(P＜0.01);up-reg-ulation of miR-133a inhibited cell growth and promoted cell apoptosis(P＜0.05),whereas these effects induced by miR-133a over-expression were all abolished when G6PD was up-regulated(P＜0.01).Conclusion:miR-133a represses the occurrence and development of HCC via targeting G6PD.

Circ_DCAF6 affects the proliferation,migration and apop-tosis of cisplatin-resistant colorectal cancer cells by regulat-ing the miR-485-3p/FOXK1 axis / 中国现代普通外科进展

Objective:To investigate the effect of circ_DCAF6 on the proliferation,migration and apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells resistant to cisplatin(DDP)and its possible mechanism.Methods:SW480 and DDP-resistant cells SW480/DDP were cultured in vitro.The expression of circ_DCAF6 and miR-485-3p in the cells was detected by RT-qPCR,and the expression of FOXK1 protein was detected by Western blotting.After si-NC,si-circ_DCAF6,miR-NC,or miR-485-3p was transfected into SW480/DDP cells,or si-circ_DCAF6 and anti-miR-485-3p were co-trans-fected into SW480/DDP cells,respectively,CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of DDP at different concentrations(0,0.156,0.625,2.5,10,40,160 p g/mL)on the 24 h survival rate of trans-fected cells,and the half inhibitory concentration(IC50 value)was calculated;Cell migration and apoptosis were detected and the regulatory relationship between circ_DCAF6,miR-485-3p and FOXK1 was verified.Results:Compared with SW480 cells,circ_DCAF6 and FOXK1 protein ex-pressions were increased in SW480/DDP cells,while miR-485-3p expression was decreased(P＜0.05).Silencing circ_DCAF6 or overexpression of miR-485-3p inhibited the proliferation and mi-gration of SW480/DDP cells and the expression of FOXK1 protein,increased the sensitivity of SW480/DDP cells to DDP,and promoted cell apoptosis(P＜0.05).Knockdown of miR-485-3p atten-uated the effects of circ_DCAF6 silencing on the malignant phenotype of SW480/DDP cells.circ_DCAF6 could target miR-485-3p;FOXK1 was the target gene of miR-485-3p.Conclusion:Silencing circ_DCAF6 could inhibit the proliferation and migration of SW480/DDP cells and promote cell apoptosis.Its mechanism of action is related to the regulation of miR-485-3p/FOXK1 axis.

Two new flavonoid glycosides from Diphylleia sinensi / 药学学报

Five flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the methanol and ethyl acetate fractions of the ethanol extract of Diphylleia sinensi by using various chromatographic methods, including silica gel, MCI gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified as diphyflavonoid A (1), diphyflavonoid B (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) by spectroscopy methods (1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR, and MS). Compounds 1 and 2 were two new flavonoid glycosides, and compounds 3 and 5 were isolated from the genus Diphylleia for the first time.

Expression of lncRNA SNHG8 in placenta accreta and its effect on trophoblast invasion and migration / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of lncRNA SNHG8 in placenta accrete(PA)and its effect on trophoblast invasion and migration.Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of lncRNA SNHG8 in placenta tissue of 30 cases in PA group and 30 cases in control group,and the correlation between lncRNA SNHG8 expression and prenatal ultrasound score of 30 cases in PA group was analyzed.Transwell and scratch assay were used to detect the effect of lncRNA SNHG8 interference on the invasion and migration of human chorionic trophoblast cells(HTR8/SVneo cells),and western blot was used to detect the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9.The downstream targets of lncRNA SNHG8 were predicted by StarBase software,and the expression of lncRNA SNHG8 was detected in placental tissues of the two groups.Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between lncRNA SNHG8 and miR-542-3p.Results Compared with that of the control group,the expression of lncRNA SNHG8 was up-regulated in the placenta tissue of the PA group(P<0.05),and it was positively correlated with prenatal ultrasound score.Interference with lncRNA SNHG8 inhibited the invasion and migration of trophoblast cells(P<0.05);the protein expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2 also decreased signifi-cantly(P<0.05).Biological prediction indicates that miR-542-3p had a binding site with lncRNA SNHG8,and miR-542-3p expression was down-regulated in PA placental tissue(P<0.05).Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that lncRNA SNHG8 could target miR-542-3p.Compared with si-SNHG8+inhibitor-NC,co-transfection of si-SNHG8 and miR-542-3p inhibitor enhanced the invasion and migration ability of trophoblast cells(P<0.05).Conclusion lncRNA SNHG8 is highly expressed in PA and is related to the severity of PA.LncRNA SNHG8 promotes the invasion and migration of trophoblast by regulating the level of miR-542-3p.The study suggests that lncRNA SNHG8 plays an important role in the invasion and migration of PA trophoblast cells,which is expected to be a clinical diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Application of laparoscopic training in the standardized residency training of pediatric general surgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application of laparoscopic training in the standardized residency training of pediatric general surgery.Methods:A total of 36 rotating residents who received the standardized residency training in the department of pediatric general surgery of Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were selected for laparoscopic training. The training content includes the study and training of laparoscopic theory knowledge, laparoscopic surgery video, skills operation of simulated operating system. Assessment was conducted before and after the training, and statistical analysis was performed to compare the difference of scores before and after the training. The self-evaluation of resident's learning efficiency and the satisfaction with teachers were investigated by questionnaires. SPSS 20.0 was used for paired t-test. Results:After receiving the standardized residency training of pediatric general surgery, the theoretical knowledge and cognition of the application on pediatric general laparoscopic surgery were significantly improved among the 36 residents. The time that the skills spent in vitro simulation box during the simulated operation training was significantly reduced after training, with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). According to the questionnaire survey, resident's satisfaction with self-evaluation of learning efficiency was 97.22% (35/36), their satisfaction with teachers was 94.44% (34/36), and their satisfaction with teaching curriculum was 100.00% (36/36). Conclusion:Laparoscopic training can effectively improve the clinical practice ability of pediatric general surgery residents, which is worthy of promotion.

A technique of "de-sharpening" intramedullary elastic reduction with Kirschner wire for the treatment of Gartland type III posterolaterally-displaced supracondylar humerus fracture in children / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical effect of "de-sharpening" intramedullary elastic reduction with Kirschner wire and traditional three-dimensional manipulation for the treatment of Gartland type III posterolaterally-displaced supracondylar humerus fracture in children.Methods:A retrospective cohort analysis was made on 106 children with Gartland type III posterolaterally-displaced supracondylar humerus fracture treated in Anhui Provincial Children′s Hospital from March 2020 to June 2022, including 58 males and 48 females; aged 1-12 years [(8.7±2.3)years]. The patients were assigned to "de-sharpening" intramedullary elastic reduction with Kirschner wire (study group, n=50) and traditional three-dimensional manipulation (control group, n=56). The operation time, frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy, fracture healing time, difference of Baumann angle between the normal and injured side at postoperative 3 and 6 months, elbow function Flynn score at last follow-up and complications were compared between the two groups. Results:All children were followed up for 6-12 months [(8.5±1.2)months]. The operation time and frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy were (32.9±3.7)minutes and (20.6±5.4)times in study group, significantly different from (45.6±10.1)minutes and (32.5±8.2)times in control group (all P<0.05). The fracture healing time was (33.0±5.1)days in study group, similar with (33.8±4.7)days in control group ( P>0.05). At 3 and 6 months after operation, the difference of Baumann angle between the normal and injured side was (3.2±0.8)°and (2.3±0.6)°in study group compared to (6.0±2.1)°and (5.8±1.3)°in control group (all P<0.01). According to the elbow function Flynn score at the last follow-up, the results were excellent in 44 children, good in 5 and fair in 1, with the excellent and good rate of 98.0% (49/50) in study group, and were excellent in 47 children, good in 5 and fair in 4, with the excellent and good rate of 92.9% (52/56) in control group ( P>0.05). There were no following complications in both groups, such as osteomyelitis, poor fracture healing, compartment syndrome, iatrogenic neurovascular injury or myositis ossificans. Conclusions:Both "de-sharpening" intramedullary elastic reduction with Kirschner wire and traditional three-dimensional manipulation for the treatment of Gartland type III posterolaterally-displaced supracondylar humerus fracture in children can achieve elbow joint function recovery, with low incidence of complications. However, the former avoids repeated manual reduction, with shorter operation time, less frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy and better correction of the coronal plane deformity and rotation deformity.

Risk factors for failure in closed reduction of flexed supracondylar humerus fractures in children / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To identify the risk factors for failure in closed reduction of flexed supracondylar humerus fractures of Wilkins type Ⅲ in children.Methods:The data of 171 children were retrospectively analyzed who had been treated for flexed supracondylar humerus fractures of Wilkins type Ⅲ from January 2013 to December 2021 at Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Jiangxi Province and Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital. They were divided into a reduction failure group (35 cases) and a reduction success group (136 cases). Factors such as fracture height, age, body mass index, ulnar-radial offset direction, obvious axial rotation of the distal fracture fragment, combined ulnar nerve injury, and time from injury to operation were listed as risk factors. The independent risk factors for failure in closed reduction of flexed supracondylar humerus fractures were identified by univariate analysis of variance and multi-variate logistic regression analysis.Results:The average age of 171 children was (7.8±2.6) years. There were 151 cases of radial deviation and 20 cases of ulnar deviation, 120 high type fractures and 51 low type fractures, and 20 cases of combined ulnar nerve injury and 115 cases of obvious rotation of the distal fracture fragment. The one-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences between the reduction failure group and the reduction success group in terms of age, obvious rotation of the distal fracture fragment, and ulnar nerve injury ( P<0.05), but no significant differences in fracture height, body mass index, ulnar-radial offset direction, or time from injury to operation ( P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that obvious rotation of the distal fracture fragment ( OR=3.287, 95% CI: 1.136 to 9.513, P=0.028) and combined ulnar nerve injury ( OR=6.439, 95% CI: 2.262 to 18.327, P=0.001) were risk factors for failure in closed reduction. Conclusion:As obvious rotation of the distal fracture fragment and combined ulnar nerve injury may be independent risk factors for failure in closed reduction of flexed supracondylar humerus fractures of Wilkins type Ⅲ in children, they should arouse more attention in the treatment of such fractures.

Anesthetic Management and Outcomes of Endovascular Treatment of Basilar Artery Occlusion: Results From the ATTENTION Registry / 대한뇌졸중학회지

Background@#and Purpose To examine the clinical and safety outcomes after endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) with different anesthetic modalities. @*Methods@#This was a retrospective analysis using data from the Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion (ATTENTION) registry. Patients were divided into two groups defined by anesthetic modality performed during EVT: general anesthesia (GA) or non-general anesthesia (non-GA). The association between anesthetic management and clinical outcomes was evaluated in a propensity score matched (PSM) cohort and an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) cohort to adjust for imbalances between the two groups. @*Results@#Our analytic sample included 1,672 patients from 48 centers. The anesthetic modality was GA in 769 (46.0%) and non-GA in 903 (54.0%) patients. In our primary analysis with the PSM-based cohort, non-GA was comparable to GA concerning the primary outcome (adjusted common odds ratio [acOR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.25; P=0.91). Mortality at 90 days was 38.4% in the GA group and 35.8% in the non-GA group (adjusted risk ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.08; P=0.44). In our secondary analysis with the IPTW-based cohort, the anesthetic modality was significantly associated with the distribution of modified Rankin Scale at 90 days (acOR: 1.45 [95% CI: 1.20 to 1.75]). @*Conclusion@#In this nationally-representative observational study, acute ischemic stroke patients due to BAO undergoing EVT without GA had similar clinical and safety outcomes compared with patients treated with GA. These findings provide the basis for large-scale randomized controlled trials to test whether anesthetic management provides meaningful clinical effects for patients undergoing EVT.

Efficacy of alcohol septal ablation in mildly symptomatic or severely symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To compare the prognosis of mildly or severely symptomatic patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCM) who underwent alcohol septal ablation (ASA). Methods: This retrospective study cohort consisted of patients with OHCM who received ASA treatment in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2001 to August 2021. These patients were divided into mildly and severely symptomatic groups according to the severity of clinical symptoms. Long-term follow-up was conducted, and the following data were collected: duration of follow-up, postoperatire treatment, New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, arrhythmia events and pacemaker implantation, echocardiographic parameters, and cause of death. Overall survival and survival free from OHCM-related death were observed, and the improvement of clinical symptoms and resting left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) and the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation were evaluated. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to determine and compare the cumulative survival rates of the different groups. Cox regression analysis models were used to determine predictors of clinical events. Results: A total of 189 OHCM patients were included in this study, including 68 in the mildly symptomatic group and 121 in the severely symptomatic group. The median follow-up of the study was 6.0 (2.7, 10.6) years. There was no statistical difference in overall survival between the mildly symptomatic group (5-year and 10-year overall survival were 97.0% and 94.4%, respectively) and the severely symptomatic group (5-year and 10-year overall survival were 94.2% and 83.9%, respectively, P=0.405); there was also no statistical difference in survival free from OHCM-related death between the mildly symptomatic group (5-year and 10-year survival free from HCM-related death were 97.0% and 94.4%, respectively) and the severely symptomatic group (5-year and 10-year survival free from HCM-related death were 95.2% and 92.6%, respectively, P=0.846). In the mildly symptomatic group, NYHA classification was improved after ASA (P<0.001), among which 37 patients (54.4%) were in NYHA class Ⅰ, and the resting left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) decreased from 67.6 (42.7, 90.1) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to 24.4 (11.7, 35.6) mmHg (P<0.001). In severely symptomatic group, NYHA classification was also improved post ASA (P<0.001), among which 96 patients (79.3%) improved by at least one NYHA classification, and the resting LVOTG decreased from 69.6 (38.4, 96.1) mmHg to 19.0 (10.6, 39.8) mmHg (P<0.001). The incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation was similar between the mildly and severely symptomatic groups (10.2% vs. 13.3%, P=0.565). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that age was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in OHCM patients post ASA (HR=1.068, 95%CI 1.002-1.139, P=0.042). Conclusions: Among patients with OHCM treated with ASA, overall survival and survival free from HCM-related death were similar between mildly symptomatic group and severely symptomatic group. ASA therapy can effectively relieve resting LVOTG and improve clinical symptoms in mildly or severely symptomatic patients with OHCM. Age was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in OHCM patients post ASA.

Effectiveness of Zhenqi Buxue Oral Liquid Combined with Progesterone for Treatment of Oligomenorrhea and Hypomenorrhea with Qi-Blood and Kidney (Shen) Essence Deficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Zhenqi Buxue Oral Liquid (ZQ), progesterone capsules, and their combination in treating oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea with qi-blood and Kidney (Shen) essence deficiency.@*METHODS@#This was a prospective, randomized, multi-center controlled trial between June 2022 to December 2022. Ninety-six oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea patients with qi-blood and Shen essence deficiency were randomly assigned to receive ZQ (ZQ group, 29 cases), progesterone capsules (PG group, 32 cases), or the combined Chinese and Western medicine (COM group, 31 cases) at a ratio of 1:1:1. Patients in the ZQ or PG group took daily 10 mL twice a day of ZQ or 200 mg once a day of progesterone capsules for 10 consecutive days on day 15 of the menstrual cycle respectively, and patients in the COM group received the same ZQ combined with progesterone capsules. The treatment course lasted for 3 months and follow-up was performed at 1 and 3 months after the end of treatment. Primary endpoint was the menstrual Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Scale (TCMSS) scores. Secondary endpoints included pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) scores, clinical efficacy rate, 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores, sex hormones and thickness of endometrium. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded.@*RESULTS@#TCMSS scores after 1- and 3-month treatment in all groups were significantly lower than those at baseline (P<0.05). Only TCMSS scores after 3-month treatment in the ZQ and COM groups continuously decreased compared with those after 1-month treatment in the same group (P<0.01). TCMSS scores after 3-month treatment in the ZQ and COM groups were significantly lower than those in the PG group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with baseline, PBAC scores in the ZQ and COM groups after 3 months of treatment were also significantly higher (both P<0.01). The total effective rates of TCM syndrome of 3-month treatment were significantly improved in all groups compared with that after 1 month of treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the COM group was the highest in the 3rd month of treatment and significantly higher than that of PG group alone (P<0.05). Compared with baseline, only the SF-36 scores of COM group were significantly improved after 3 months of treatment (P<0.05). No serious adverse reactions were observed after treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The combination of ZQ and PG, or ZQ only had better effects on reducing TCMSS scores compared with PG, and COM showed the higher total effective rate compared with monotherapy. Besides, COM could effectively improve menstrual blood loss and quality of life. ZQ combined with PG may be an effective and safe option for oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea patients with qi-blood and Shen essence deficiency.

Research on ontology construction of acupuncture effect based on ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022 / 中国针灸

In order to specify the information expression of acupuncture effect and realize the knowledge reuse and sharing, in view of animal experiments and clinical trials, the relevant knowledge of acupuncture effect is allocated. Using seven-step method and Protégé5.5.0 tool, the ontology of acupuncture effect is constructed on the base of ISO/TS 16843-6: 2022. A total of 199 classes are constructed, including 7 categories (acupuncture point, acupuncture therapy, needling method, biological process, genes and gene products, disorder, and anatomic structure), 12 object properties, 1 108 instances and 5 123 axioms. A semantic network with the characteristics of acupuncture and moxibustion is established and the structured expression for the knowledge of acupuncture effects is obtained, which lays the foundation for the innovation and development in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Alkaloids from fruit of Lycium chinense var. potaninii / 中国中药杂志

Ten alkaloids(1-10) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fruit of Lycium chinense var. potaninii by silica gel, ODS, and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and identified by NMR and MS as methyl(2S)-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(phenyl)propanoate(1), methyl(2R)-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(phenyl)propanoate(2), 3-hydroxy-4-ethyl ketone pyridine(3), indolyl-3-carbaldehyde(4),(R)-4-isobutyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-6-carbaldehyde(5),(R)-4-isopropyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazine-6-car-baldehyde(6), methyl(2R)-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate(7), dimethyl(2R)-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanedioate(8), 4-[formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoate(9), 4-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid(10). All the compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time. Among them, compounds 1-3 were new compounds. Compounds 1-9 were evaluated for hypoglycemic activity in vitro with the palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. At 10 μmol·L~(-1), compounds 4, 6, 7, and 9 can promote the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells with insulin resistance.

Treatment Progress in Diminished Ovarian Reserve: Western and Chinese Medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), generally defined as a decreased number or quality of oocytes, has a significant impact on quality of life and fertility in women. In recent years, the incidence of DOR has been increasing and the ages of patients are younger. The search for an effective DOR treatment has emerged as one of the preeminent research topics in reproductive health. An effective DOR therapy would improve ovarian function, fertility, and quality of life in patients. In this review we evaluated DOR treatment progress both in Western medicine and Chinese medicine, and elucidated the characteristics of each treatment.

Down-regulation of DNA key protein-FEN1 inhibits OSCC growth by affecting immunosuppressive phenotypes via IFN-γ/JAK/STAT-1 / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) escape from the immune system is mediated through several immunosuppressive phenotypes that are critical to the initiation and progression of tumors. As a hallmark of cancer, DNA damage repair is closely related to changes in the immunophenotypes of tumor cells. Although flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1), a pivotal DNA-related enzyme is involved in DNA base excision repair to maintain the stability of the cell genome, the correlation between FEN1 and tumor immunity has been unexplored. In the current study, by analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics of FEN1, we demonstrated that FEN1 overexpressed and that an inhibitory immune microenvironment was established in OSCC. In addition, we found that downregulating FEN1 inhibited the growth of OSCC tumors. In vitro studies provided evidence that FEN1 knockdown inhibited the biological behaviors of OSCC and caused DNA damage. Performing multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC), we directly observed that the acquisition of critical immunosuppressive phenotypes was correlated with the expression of FEN1. More importantly, FEN1 directly or indirectly regulated two typical immunosuppressive phenotype-related proteins human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DR) and programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1), through the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway. Our study highlights a new perspective on FEN1 action for the first time, providing theoretical evidence that it may be a potential immunotherapy target for OSCC.

Value of basal luteinizing hormone level combined with uterine volume measurement in the early diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls with different Tanner stages / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the value of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) level combined with uterine volume measurement in the early diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls with different Tanner stages.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the girls who presented with breast development before the age of 8 years and attended the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to September 2022. According to the results of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist test, the girls with peak LH ≥5.0 IU/L and peak LH/follicle stimulating hormone ≥0.6 were enrolled as the positive group, and the other girls were enrolled as the negative group. The two groups were compared in terms of the basal LH level and uterine volume. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze their value in the early diagnosis of CPP.@*RESULTS@#For the girls with Tanner B2 and B3 stages, the positive group had significantly higher basal LH level and uterine volume than the negative group (P<0.05). The basal LH level had an optimal cut-off value of 0.325 IU/L and 0.505 IU/L respectively in the diagnosis of Tanner stage B2/B3 CPP, while uterine volume had an optimal cut-off value of 1.639 mL and 2.158 mL respectively. Basal LH level combined with uterine volume measurement had a significantly larger area under the ROC curve than uterine volume measurement alone (P<0.001), but with no significant difference compared with that of basal LH level measurement alone (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Basal LH level combined with uterine volume measurement is valuable in the early diagnosis of CPP in girls with different Tanner stages, which provides a basis and guiding significance for clinical diagnosis of CPP.

Reinforced radiculoplasty for the treatment of symptomatic sacral Tarlov cysts: A clinical analysis of 71 cases / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the safety and efficacy of reinforced radiculoplasty in the treatment of symptomatic sacral Tarlov cysts (TCs).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and follow-up data of 71 patients with symptomatic sacral TCs who underwent reinforced radiculoplasty in the Neurosurgery Department of Peking University Third Hospital from June 2018 to March 2021. All the operations were performed under neuroelectrophysiological monitoring. Intraoperative cyst exploration, partial resection of the cyst wall, narrowing of the leak, nerve root sleeve radiculoplasty and artificial dural reinforcement were performed. The incidence of postoperative complications and new neurological dysfunction was analyzed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the changes of pain before and after surgery. The Japanese Orthopedics Association (JOA) low back pain score was used to evaluate the changes in nerve function before and after surgery.@*RESULTS@#In the study, 71 patients had 101 TCs, 19 (18.8%) TCs originated from the left S1 nerve, 26 (25.7%) originated from the left S2 nerve, 3 (3.0%) originated from the left S3 nerve, 14 (13.9%) originated from the right S1 nerve, 33 (32.7%) originated from the right S2 nerve, 6 (5.9%) originated from the right S3 nerve, all the TCs underwent reinforced radiculoplasty. Deep infection (1 case), subcutaneous effusion (1 case), fat li-quefaction (1 case) and urinary tract infection (4 cases) were recorded postoperatively. The patients were followed up for 12-43 months (median, 26 months). Two cases had new urinary retention after operation, and the catheter was removed at the end of the first and second months respectively. One case had new fecal weakness, which improved after 3 months. Compared with preoperation, VAS decreased significantly at the last follow-up [median, 6 (4-9) vs. 1 (0-5), Z=-7.272, P < 0.001], JOA score increased significantly [median, 20 (16-25) vs. 27 (18-29), Z=-7.265, P < 0.001]. There were 18 cured cases (25.4%), 41 excellent cases (57.7%), 8 effective cases (11.3%), and 4 invalid cases (5.6%). The total efficiency was 94.4% (67/71). Two (1.98%) cysts recurred.@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with symptomatic sacral TCs, reinforced radiculoplasty can significantly improve the pain and nerve function, which is safe and reliable.

The Oncolytic Virus Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Since the oncolytic herpes simplex virus T-VEC was approved in the United States for the treatment of malignant melanoma in 2015, there has been increasing interests in the oncolytic virus therapy. The oncolytic virus therapy also occupies a certain position in the treatment research process of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Based on the rapid development of genetic engineering and protein engineering, researchers have designed many recombinant oncolytic viruses targeting various specific sites to further improve their targeting and oncolytic effect in order to alleviate symptoms and even cure NSCLC patients. This review introduces the two major classifications of oncolytic viruses, wild type and gene-edited, and how they achieve tumor lysis by specifically targeting and killing tumor cells. We focus on the research progress of oncolytic virus applied alone to treat NSCLC, or combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors and other current hot research to treat NSCLC. At the same time, we summarize and discuss the issue of targeted transport, which is of high concern in the academic field of oncolytic virus therapy, and point out that the use of extracellular vesicles as drug carriers has a good potential for development. Finally, we analyze the existing problems and future application prospects in the context of existing basic and clinical studies, to expend new approaches for the treatment of NSCLC, so that it is no longer limited to traditional therapies.