A Survey Study of Compliance with Mask-Wearing to Prevent Coronavirus Infections among Korean Adults / 기본간호학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to determine the actual situation of mask wearing by adults in the early stages of the coronavirus epidemic and to identify factors that influence the transition to mask wearing and establish a management plan for more effective infectious disease prevention. @*Methods@#This study was a multinational study conducted in ten countries. Data collected in Korea were analyzed. Adults over the age of 18 in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas were targeted, and data for 657 adults were analyzed. @*Results@#The average score for mask-wearing compliance was 16.25, ranging from 0 to 24. There was a significant positive correlation between anxiety and depression, as well as anxiety and mask-wearing compliance. There was a significant negative correlation between depression and mask-wearing compliance. Multiple linear regression revealed that mask-wearing compliance was predicted by levels of the anxiety, depression, and education. These explanatory variables explaining the dependent variable mask-wearing compliance was 12%. @*Conclusion@#To identify and improve factors influencing mask-wearing compliance, general characteristics including educational background of participants were identified. Psychosocial factors such as anxiety and depression should also be considered. In addition, as the level of anxiety and depression will differ for each person, differentiated interventions according to psychological state should be provided.

An Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of the Face Mask Use Scale’s Korean Version among Community-Dwelling Adults

Purpose@#This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Face Mask Use Scale (K-FMUS) among community-dwelling adults. @*Methods@#The participants of the study were community-dwelling adults in Korea using face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. The English FMUS was translated into Korean using forward and backward translation procedures. The construct validity and reliability of the K-FMUS were evaluated using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the internal consistency reliability test. @*Results@#The K-FMUS comprised 6 items divided into 2 factors. The variance of the factors was approximately 79.1%, which suggested that the scale indicated the effectiveness of face mask usage. The two factors were labeled as face mask use in society (4 items) and face mask use at home (2 items). Cronbach’s α value for the overall scale was .88. @*Conclusion@#The K-FMUS is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to measure face mask usage among community-dwelling adults in Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Development and Validation of the Clinical Nurses Grit Scale (CN-GRIT) / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE@#The purposes of this study were to develop a scale to measure the grit for nurses and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale.@*METHODS@#Through a literature review and focus group interviews, 28 preliminary items were selected. After a content validity examination by experts, 35 items were chosen. The questionnaire survey for this study was conducted with 330 nurses from five hospitals in A city in Korea. Among them, 305 met the inclusion criteria for analyses.@*RESULTS@#From the exploratory factor analysis to determine validity, three factors were drawn. The variance explanation by the three factors was 56.62%, which means that the scale explained grit in clinical nurses. The three factors were labeled as ‘sustained persistence’ (5 items), ‘consistency of interest as a nursing professional’ (5 items), and ‘Patient oriented intrinsic motivation’ (4 items). The grit for criterion-related validity showed that the correlation coefficient was .53 (p<.001), validating the developed scale. For internal consistency, Cronbach's α coefficient was .91.@*CONCLUSION@#Through the development process for the instrument as described above, the clinical nurses' grit was shown to have validity and reliability. Improving the grit of clinical nurses may contribute to prevention of turnover.

A Study on Counseling Experiences of Nurses of Infertility Centers Using a Qualitative Research Method

Purpose@#This study explored the counseling experience of infertility nurses using in depth interview. @*Methods@#The study participants included nurses of infertility centers located “Seoul” city, Korea. The data collection involved fieldwork in nursing at the infertility center of 2 hospitals. Data were analyzed using text analysis and qualitative research was conducted to analyzed the data. @*Results@#The analysis yielded four essential themes: (1) therapeutic communication, (2) identifying the problem of infertile patients and proceeding consultation, (3) professional image and polite attitude, and (4) counseling relaxed comfortably. @*Conclusion@#Infertility nurses’ counseling experience is directed toward the development of an infertility counseling model.

Nursing needs assessment scale for women with infertility: development and validation

Purpose@#High-quality nursing care must be provided for women with infertility, and their nursing care needs must be identified. Although scales have been developed to assess infertility-related stress, quality of life, and psychosocial status, there is a lack of scales that assess the nursing care needs of women with infertility. The purpose of this study was to develop a needs assessment scale for nursing care in women with infertility and to verify its reliability and validity. @*Methods@#The 250 subjects in this study were women with infertility recruited from four hospitals. The scale was developed following the framework of DeVellis, through a literature review, in-depth interviews, development of preliminary items, verification of content validity, development of secondary items, verification of construct validity, and extraction of the final items. Date were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach’s alpha. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha, and validity was evaluated using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and criterion validity. @*Results@#The final version of the nursing care needs assessment scale for woman with infertility consisted of 18 items. Four factors (physical and psychological nursing care needs, needs for information regarding treatment, needs for infertility-related understanding and concern, and supportive needs) explained 66.0% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha was .92 for the overall instrument and ranged from .88 to .91 for the subscales. @*Conclusion@#These results suggest that this needs assessment scale for nursing care in women with infertility demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability and contained items suitable for assessing the level of nursing care needed by women with infertility.

The Effects of Oral Cryotherapy on Oral Mucositis, Reactive Oxygen Series, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Oral Comfort in Gynecologic Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oral cryotherapy on oral mucositis, reactive oxygen series, inflammatory cytokines, and oral comfort in patients undergoing chemotherapy for gynecologic cancers. METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=25, receiving oral cryotherapy during chemotherapy) and the control group (n=25, receiving the usual care consisting of 0.9% normal saline gargles three times before meals). Oral mucositis was assessed using the oral assessment guide, while oral comfort was assessed using the oral perception guide. Reactive oxygen series was measured as total oxidant stress, and the level of two inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were examined. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the oral mucositis score, reactive oxygen series score, TNF-α level, and oral comfort score between the two groups, and there were significant changes over time and in the group-by-time interactions. There was a significant difference in the IL-6 score between the two groups, but there were no significant changes over time or in the group-by-time interactions. CONCLUSION: The study results revealed that oral cryotherapy was more effective than the usual care regime of normal saline gargles for reducing oral mucositis, reactive oxygen series, and inflammatory cytokines and for improving oral comfort in gynecologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

The Effects of Oral Cryotherapy on Oral Mucositis, Reactive Oxygen Series, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Oral Comfort in Gynecologic Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PURPOSE@#The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oral cryotherapy on oral mucositis, reactive oxygen series, inflammatory cytokines, and oral comfort in patients undergoing chemotherapy for gynecologic cancers.@*METHODS@#Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=25, receiving oral cryotherapy during chemotherapy) and the control group (n=25, receiving the usual care consisting of 0.9% normal saline gargles three times before meals). Oral mucositis was assessed using the oral assessment guide, while oral comfort was assessed using the oral perception guide. Reactive oxygen series was measured as total oxidant stress, and the level of two inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were examined. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance.@*RESULTS@#There was a significant difference in the oral mucositis score, reactive oxygen series score, TNF-α level, and oral comfort score between the two groups, and there were significant changes over time and in the group-by-time interactions. There was a significant difference in the IL-6 score between the two groups, but there were no significant changes over time or in the group-by-time interactions.@*CONCLUSION@#The study results revealed that oral cryotherapy was more effective than the usual care regime of normal saline gargles for reducing oral mucositis, reactive oxygen series, and inflammatory cytokines and for improving oral comfort in gynecologic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Influence of Recognition on Low Fertility and Views of Marriage on Childbirth Will in University Students

PURPOSE@#The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of recognition on low fertility and views of marriage on childbirth will in university students.@*METHODS@#Participants were 190 university students in Chungchungnamdo province, Korea. The data were collected from May to October 2018 and examined using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and multiple regression with IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 24.0.@*RESULTS@#Childbirth will was significantly correlated with recognition on low fertility (r=0.20, p=0.002) and views on marriage (r=0.53, p<0.001). Factors associated with childbirth will were views on marriage (β=0.24, p<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Theses results suggests that views on marriage have important influences on childbirth will in university students. To improve childbirth will, the positive views on marriage need to be formulated in university students.

A Study on Patients' Nursing Needs on Integrated Supportive Service Programs for the Abortion Women-Focused on Abortion Experienced Woman

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the patients' needs on integrated supportive service programs for the abortion women. METHODS: The 49 participants in this study were abortion experienced women in 2 infertility hospitals. Data were collected using a structure self-report questionnaire including medical treatment and nursing after abortion, symptom recognition and sexual problems after abortion, management in daily care after abortion and supportive system after abortion. RESULTS: Participants had an average score 3.54 for the need of medical treatment and nursing after abortion, 3.50 for the need of symptom recognition and sexual problems after abortion, 3.27 for the need of management in daily care after abortion and 3.28 for the need of supportive system after abortion. CONCLUSION: In order to effectively conduct integrated supportive service programs for the abortion women, it is necessary to understand appropriate nursing care for women after abortion.

Development of Nurses' Practical Educational Needs Scale for Women with Infertility / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: To develop nurses' educational needs scale for woman with infertility. METHODS: A total of 201 nurses in charge of infertility health services in 4 infertility hospitals and 1 public health center were enrolled for this study. The scale was developed through literature review, in-depth interview, development of preliminary items, verification of content validity, development of secondary items, verification of construct validity, and extraction of final items. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's α. RESULTS: Nurses' educational needs scale for women with infertility consisted of 41 items. Three factors (education for disease and symptom of infertility, supporting and counselling for infertility patients, and education for daily life of infertile patients) explained 63.7% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses' educational needs scale for woman with infertility demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. Its items could be used to assess the level of educational needs for nurses in charge of infertility health services.

The Effect of Intentional Nursing Rounds Based on the Care Model on Patients' Perceived Nursing Quality and their Satisfaction with Nursing Services

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of intentional nursing rounds based on the care model on patients' perceived nursing quality and their satisfaction with nursing services. METHODS: The study design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The participants were assigned to the intervention group or the control group in two orthopedic wards of a teaching hospital. A total of 9 rounds (at 7 AM, 9 AM, 12 PM, 3 PM, 5 PM, 8 PM, 10 PM, 2 AM, and 5 AM) were performed every 2 or 3 hours to the experimental group. The intentional nursing rounding intervention was developed through a theoretical development program involving six basic principles which are maintaining belief, knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, and patients' wellness. To evaluate the effects of intentional nursing rounds, data were collected through the Perception of Quality Nursing Care Scale and the Patients' Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire. RESULTS: The participants were 70 patients (experimental group) and 75 patients (control group). Results of difference-in-difference analysis confirmed that the patient-perceived nursing quality level from the experimental group was 0.85 points (out of 5.00) higher (p = .041) and the satisfaction with nursing services level was 8.28 points (out of 110.00) higher (P < .001) than the control group. CONCLUSION: These results proposed that intentional nursing rounds based on the care model were effective in improving perception of quality nursing care and patients' satisfaction with nursing care. Structured patient-oriented intentional nursing rounds based on the care model are expected to expand to a variety of clinical settings further.

The Relationships among Perceived Parental Bonding, Illness Perception, and Anxiety in Adult Patients with Congenital Heart Diseases

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to identify the relationships among perceived parental bonding, illness perception, and anxiety and to determine the influences of perceived parental bonding and illness perception on anxiety in adult patients with congenital heart diseases. METHODS: In this study a descriptive correlational design with survey method was utilized. The participants were 143 adult patients with congenital heart disease being cared for in the cardiology out-patient clinic of A medical center. Data were collected using the Parental Bonding Instrument, Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised Scale, and Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and hierarchial regression analyses. RESULTS: There showed significant positive relationships of anxiety with maternal overprotection, consequences, and personal control respectively. Among predictors, maternal overprotection (β=.45), consequence (β=.26), and personal control (β=-.03) had statistically significant influence on anxiety. CONCLUSION: Nursing interventions to decrease maternal overprotection and negative consequence, and to enhance personal control are essential to decrease the anxiety of adult patients with congenital heart diseases.

Experience of Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer Patients

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the experiences of patients with ovarian cancer undergoing chemotherapy METHODS: A phenomenological method was used in this study. Data were collected by individual in-depth interviews with six participants with ovarian cancer undergoing chemotherapy during 2016. Colaizzi's phenomenology has been adopted as a research method in this qualitative study. RESULTS: Seven theme clusters were derived from the data as follows: ‘Recognizing cancer diagnosis and treatment as braking in life,’‘Effect on being a housewife as a cancer patient,’‘Ambivalence about treatment,’‘Fear with physical side effects,’‘Losing sexuality as a woman,’‘Affected by other ovarian cancer patients,’‘Practice hope after treatment.’ CONCLUSION: Patients with ovarian cancer experienced tremendous physical and psychosocial problems. This finding demonstrates the need to develop appropriate nursing interventions for issues related to the experience of patients with ovarian cancer receiving chemotherapy.

Concept Analysis of Healing: Focusing on Patient Health related Literatures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify attributes of the concept of healing. METHODS: Using Walker & Avant's concept analysis framework, medical & nursing text books and, research articles about healing published between 2000 and 2014 were reviewed. RESULTS: There were four aspects of the concept of healing: natural process through spiritual and mental purification; resilience of emotions and feeling in human nature; holistic cure as well as physical and mental treatment of disease; and harmonious balance and overall well-being of mind and body. Antecedents of healing that helped to purify the mind were illness recovery and injury perception. Empirical referents of healing were purifying the mind, quality of life and health-related spirituality. The consequences of healing were effective on the physical, psychosocial, spiritual and overall well-being of the patients. CONCLUSION: This concept analysis of healing help us to understand more clearly overall health and the health of patients in the clinical field. The concept of healing could be useful to promote health and well-being.