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OBJECTIVE To observe the efficacy and safety of goserelin combined with estradiol valerate in the treatment of endometriosis (EMs) in patients of childbearing age after laparoscopic surgery. METHODS The clinical data of 144 patients with EMs of childbearing age who underwent laparoscopic surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were collected retrospectively, and those patients were divided into control group (70 cases) and combination group (74 cases) based on different postoperative medication regimens. Control group was given Acetate goserelin sustained-release implant on the 1st to 5th day of their first menstrual cycle after laparoscopic surgery, while combination group was additionally given Estradiol valerate tablets on the basis of control group. The short-term and long-term efficacy of 2 groups were observed; preoperative and postoperative pain scores, ovarian reserve function, and the incidence of adverse reactions were all recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in short-term total effective rate, 1-year postoperative recurrence rate and the incidence of decreased libido, vaginal dryness, gastrointestinal reactions, rash, or arrhythmia between two groups (P>0.05). The natural pregnancy rate of combination group was significantly higher than control group at 1 year after surgery, while the incidence E-mail:wanghuiling0518@126.com of early miscarriage, hot flashes and sweating, emotional fluctuations, insomnia and fatigue, joint muscle pain, dizziness and headache were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). However, at 6 months after surgery, pain scores and the levels of anti-Müllerian hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol of both groups were significantly lower than before surgery in the same group, while the number of antral follicle count was significantly higher than before surgery in the same group; the levels of anti-Müllerian hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and the number of antral follicles in the combination group were significantly higher than control group, while pain score and follicle stimulating hormone level were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combination of goserelin and estradiol valerate after laparoscopic surgery has a significant therapeutic effect and good safety in the treatment of EMs of childbearing age.
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Objective:To explore the mediating role of working memory (WM) in the cortisol-awakening response (CAR) and multiple object tracking (MOT) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:92 children with ADHD (ADHD group) and 94 typically developing children (control group) were selected from January 2022 to October 2022. Salivary cortisol levels were detected and analyzed in all children at four time points after awakening. Children's WM and MOT performance were assessed by the 1-back and MOT paradigms, respectively. SPSS 26.0 software was used for t-test and Pearson correlation analysis of the data, and plug-in PROCESS model 4 of SPSS 26.0 was used for mediated effects analysis. Results:(1) ADHD group showed significantly lower CAR, 1-back accuracy and MOT performance((30.97±5.63), (81.33±10.64) %, (2.36±0.37)) than the control group((32.41±3.48), (91.19±7.12) %, (2.62±0.28))( t=-2.09, -7.22, -5.31, all P<0.05). (2) Pearson analysis showed that CAR was positively correlated with 1-back accuracy ( r=0.293, P<0.01) and MOT performance ( r=0.740, P<0.01). 1-back accuracy was positively correlated with MOT performance ( r=0.368, P<0.01). (3) WM partially mediated the effect of CAR on MOT in children with ADHD, accounting for 6.13% (0.003/0.049) of the total effect. Conclusion:Children with ADHD have deficits in MOT.WM plays a mediating role between CAR and MOT performance in children with ADHD.
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PURPOSE@#To identify the potential target genes of blast lung injury (BLI) for the diagnosis and treatment.@*METHODS@#This is an experimental study. The BLI models in rats and goats were established by conducting a fuel-air explosive power test in an unobstructed environment, which was subsequently validated through hematoxylin-eosin staining. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on lung tissues from both goats and rats. Differentially expressed genes were identified using the criteria of q ≤ 0.05 and |log2 fold change| ≥ 1. Following that, enrichment analyses were conducted for gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The potential target genes were further confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.@*RESULTS@#Observations through microscopy unveiled the presence of reddish edema fluid, erythrocytes, and instances of focal or patchy bleeding within the alveolar cavity. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified a total of 83 differentially expressed genes in both rats and goats. Notably, 49 genes exhibited a consistent expression pattern, with 38 genes displaying up-regulation and 11 genes demonstrating down-regulation. Enrichment analysis highlighted the potential involvement of the interleukin-17 signaling pathway and vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway in the underlying mechanism of BLI. Furthermore, the experimental findings in both goats and rats demonstrated a strong association between BLI and several key genes, including anterior gradient 2, ankyrin repeat domain 65, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1, and keratin 4, which exhibited up-regulation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Anterior gradient 2, ankyrin repeat domain 65, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family A member 1, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold containing family B member 1, and keratin 4 hold potential as target genes for the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of BLI.
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Ratas , Animales , Lesión Pulmonar/genética , Cabras/genética , Queratina-4 , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
ObjectiveTo investigate the application of endoscopy in obtaining the great saphenous vein (GSV) during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and explore the learning curve, with a particular focus on common challenges encountered during the learning process and their impact on early clinical outcomes. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 83 patients who underwent off-pump CABG with endoscopic GSV harvesting at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2013 to April 2014. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the chronological order of their hospitalization: Group A (novice group, n=20), Group B (proficient group, n=20), Group C (progressive group, n=20), and Group D (mature group, n=23). Differences in perioperative and midterm follow-up outcomes among the groups were analyzed to determine the learning curve period. ResultsThe study population had a mean age of (60.22±8.06) years and a mean body weight of (69.77±11.66) kg. Comorbidities included hypertension (24 cases), diabetes (26 cases), and subacute cerebral infarction (14 cases). The novice group exhibited significantly shorter GSV length-to-harvest time ratio relative to the other three groups (P<0.001) and a significantly higher incidence of main vein damage (P=0.006). However, there was no statistically significant difference in graft patency at the 1-year follow-up. ConclusionThorough and reliable technical training in endoscopic GSV harvesting is essential to minimize vascular injury caused by novice operators. Approximately 20 cases of hands-on experience and a careful self-analysis of procedural challenges are likely required to achieve proficiency in GSV harvesting.
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Objective:To investigate long-term auditory changes and characteristics of Alport syndrome(AS) patients with different degrees of renal injury. Methods:Retrospectively analyzing clinical data of patients diagnosed AS from January 2007 to September 2022, including renal pathology, genetic detection and hearing examination. A long-term follow-up focusing on hearing and renal function was conducted. Results:This study included 70 AS patients, of which 33(25 males, 8 females, aged 3.4-27.8 years) were followed up, resulting in a loss rate of 52.9%.The follow-up period ranged from 1.1to 15.8 years, with 16 patients followed-up for over 10 years. During the follow-up, 10 patients presenting with hearing abnormalities at the time of diagnosis of AS had progressive hearing loss, and 3 patients with new hearing abnormalities were followed up, which appeared at 5-6 years of disease course. All of which were sensorineural deafness. While only 3 patients with hearing abnormalities among 13 patients received hearing aid intervention. Of these patients,7 developed end-stage renal disease(ESRD), predominantly males (6/7). The rate of long-term hearing loss was significantly different between ESRD group and non-ESRD group(P=0.013). There was no correlation between the progression of renal disease and long-term hearing level(P>0.05). kidney biopsies from 28 patients revealed varying degrees of podocyte lesion and uneven thickness of basement membrane. The severity of podocyte lesion was correlated with the rate of long-term hearing loss(P=0.048), and there was no correlation with the severity of hearing loss(P>0.05). Among 11 cases, theCOL4A5mutationwas most common (8 out of 11), but there was no significant correlation between the mutation type and hearing phenotype(P>0.05). Conclusion:AS patients exhibit progressive hearing loss with significant heterogeneity over the long-term.. THearing loss is more likely to occur 5-6 years into the disease course. Hearing abnormalities are closely related to renal disease status, kidney tissue pathology, and gene mutations, emphasizing the need for vigilant long-term hearing follow-up and early intervention.
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Masculino , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Nefritis Hereditaria/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Riñón , Sordera , Pérdida Auditiva/genética , Fallo Renal Crónico/patología , MutaciónRESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the effects of poly(A) tails with different lengths on mRNA expression in vitro and the passage stability of transcription template with poly (A) tail in Escherichia coli ( E. coli). Methods:Plasmids with poly(A) tails of 38, 60, 103, 125 and 126 (60 nt+ 6 nt spacer+ 60 nt) nt were designed and constructed. Then the plasmids were linearized by single enzyme digestion and used as transcription template for preparing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-mRNA. EGFP-mRNA containing poly(A) tails of different lengths were transfected into 293T cells and the expression of EGFP was detected by flow cytometry. As to stability test, the template plasmids with poly (A) tail of 125 and 126 nt were transformed into E. coli TransStbl3 and Top10 competent cells. Seven clones were selected for culture and plasmid extraction, and then the plasmids were digested by restriction enzyme and detected by capillary electrophoresis. For passage stability, three correctly sequenced clones of each group were selected for continuous passage at 37℃, and the plasmids were extracted and digested every two generations for capillary electrophoresis. At the same time, the correctly sequenced clones of 125 nt group were also passaged at 30℃, and the plasmids were also extracted and digested every two generations for capillary electrophoresis. Results:The transcription templates with poly(A) tail of different lengths were successfully constructed. Flow cytometry showed that the fluorescence expression of the template plasmids with poly (A) tail of 103 and 125 nt were significantly higher than that of 38 and 60 nt. The fluorescence expression of the plasmid with poly (A) tail of 126 nt was significantly higher than that of all other groups. The percentages of stable sequences of the template plasmid with poly(A) tail of 125 nt in TransStbl3 and Top10 competent cells were 76% and 91%, respectively. The results of continuous passage showed that poly(A) tail of 125 nt could be stable to the 4th generation at 37℃ in both TransStbl3 and Top10 competent cells, and stable to the 16th and 10th generations at 30℃. The percentages of stable sequences of the template plasmid with poly(A) tail of 126 nt in TransStbl3 and Top10 competent cells were 95% and 48%, respectively. The results of continuous passage showed that poly(A) tail of 126 nt could be stable to the 12th generation at 37℃ in both TransStbl3 and Top10 competent cells.Conclusions:The length and composition of poly(A) tail in mRNA affected the expression of target protein. Adding a spacer with a length of 6 nt to poly(A) tail and low temperature culture were both helpful to improve the stability of the template plasmid, which provided a reference for the design and preparation of in vitro transcription template of mRNA vaccine.
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Objective:To prepare a recombinant hemagglutinin trimer (HA-Tri) vaccine against influenza viruses and to study its immunogenicity in a mouse model.Methods:A stable CHO cell line that could express HA-Tri was constructed. Western blot, single radial immunodiffusion, protein particle size detection and N-glycosylation site analysis were performed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the recombinant protein. According to the different treatment conditions such as dosage and adjuvant, BALB/c mice were divided into 11 groups and subjected to consistent immunization procedures. Serum neutralizing antibody titers were measured on 56 d after the first immunization to evaluate the immunogenicity of HA-Tri.Results:The constructed CHO cells could secret and express HA-Tri proteins. The HA-Tri proteins were biologically active and capable of forming precipitation rings in the single radial immunodiffusion. The particle size of HA-Tri was approximately 18.79 nm and 10 N-glycosylation sites were detected, including high mannose, complex glycoforms and heterozygous glycoforms. After prime-boost immunization, there was no statistically significant difference in the titers of neutralizing antibodies induced in mice by 3.75 μg of HA-Tri in combination with RFH01 adjuvant and 15 μg of monovalent vaccine stock solution ( P=0.431 2, U=36). Serum antibody titers in the HA-Tri+ RFH01 groups were higher than those in the corresponding HA-Tri groups without RFH01 adjuvant, and the highest titer was induced in the 15 μg HA-Tri+ RFH01 group, which was 1 280. Conclusions:The recombinant HA-Tri protein was successfully prepared. HA-Tri in combination with RFH01 adjuvant could induce humoral immune responses against influenza viruses in BALB/c mice, which would provide reference for the development of influenza virus recombinant subunit vaccines.
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Objective:To evaluate the immunogenicity of a quadrivalent subunit vaccine combined with RFH01 adjuvant in a mouse model.Methods:Identification tests were performed on four monovalent influenza virus subunit vaccine stock solutions according to the methods described in Part 3 of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 Edition. In the study of the quadrivalent subunit vaccine combined with RFH01 adjuvant, 460 female BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into 46 groups including experimental groups, vaccine control group, negative control group and blank group with 10 mice in each group. In the study of the quadrivalent subunit vaccine in old and young mice, 80 female 10-month-old and 80 female 10-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 16 groups ( n=10) including monovalent influenza virus vaccine group, quadrivalent subunit vaccine group, quadrivalent subunit vaccine+ RFH01 adjuvant group, chicken embryo quadrivalent split vaccine control group and PBS group. All mice were immunized by intramuscular injection. At 21 d after the primary immunization, a booster immunization was conducted using the same strategy. Blood samples were collected at 21 d and 42 d after the primary immunization for serum separation. Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was performed to detect the antibody levels in mouse serum samples. Results:After the booster immunization, the positive conversion rates in all vaccine+ RFH01 adjuvant groups reached 100%, and the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of serum antibodies were significantly higher than those of the vaccine groups without RFH01 adjuvant. There were significant differences in serum antibody titers between the monovalent/quadrivalent subunit vaccine groups with and without RFH01 adjuvant. After the booster immunization, the titers of serum antibodies against H1N1, H3N2, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata in the 10-week-old mice were significantly higher than those in the 10-month-old mice.Conclusions:The monovalent and quadrivalent influenza virus vaccines in combination with RFH01 adjuvant could elicit higher antibody titers in young (6-10 weeks old) and old (10 months old) mice, showing good immunogenicity.
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Objective:To investigate the predictive value of the maximum aggregation rate (MAR) of platelet for septic shock and septic shock with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).Methods:A retrospective case-control study enrolled patients with sepsis admitted to department of critical care medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2021 to November 2022. The basic data, dynamic platelet aggregation rate, blood routine, inflammation indicators, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and other clinical indicators within 24 hours after admission were collected. Septic patients were divided into the shock group and the non-shock group according to the presence of septic shock; then refer to the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) standard, patients with septic shock were divided into the shock DIC group and the shock non-DIC group according to the presence of dominant DIC. Compared the differences in platelet aggregation function between these groups, and the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of the MAR for septic shock and septic shock with DIC. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation of MAR with inflammation indicators and the severity of illness in patients with sepsis.Results:A total of 153 sepsis patients were included and 61 with septic shock (including 17 with dominant DIC and 44 without dominant DIC). Compared with the non-shock group, the level of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and SOFA score were significantly higher in the shock group [PCT (mg/L): 6.90 (2.50, 23.50) vs. 0.87 (0.26, 5.75), CRP (mg/L): 156.48 (67.11, 230.84) vs. 90.39 (46.43, 182.76), SOFA score: 11.00 (8.00, 14.00) vs. 5.00 (3.00, 8.00), all P < 0.05]. The platelet count (PLT) and the MAR induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adrenaline (A), collagen (COL), and arachidonic acid (AA; ADP-MAR, A-MAR, COL-MAR, AA-MAR) in the shock group were significantly decreased [PLT (×10 9/L): 101.00 (49.00, 163.50) vs. 175.50 (108.25, 254.50), ADP-MAR: 28.50% (22.00%, 38.05%) vs. 45.90% (33.98%, 60.28%), A-MAR: 38.90% (30.00%, 55.40%) vs. 65.15% (54.38%, 72.53%), COL-MAR: 27.90% (20.85%, 36.55%) vs. 42.95% (33.73%, 54.08%), AA-MAR: 24.70% (16.40%, 34.20%) vs. 46.55% (28.33%, 59.20%), all P < 0.05]. Subgroup analysis revealed that, compared with the shock non-DIC group, the SOFA scores were significantly higher in patients in the shock DIC group (13.29±5.23 vs. 10.39±3.58, P < 0.05), the PLT and COL-MAR in the shock DIC group were significantly reduced [PLT (×10 9/L): 36.00 (22.00, 67.50) vs. 115.50 (84.25, 203.75), COL-MAR: 21.50% (17.85%, 32.60%) vs. 30.95% (22.98%, 38.53%), all P < 0.05]. ROC curve analysis showed that A-MAR had a higher predictive value for septic shock, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.814 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.742-0.886, P = 0.000]. When the optimal cut-off value was 51.35%, the sensitivity was 68.9%, the specificity was 82.6%, the positive predictive value was 0.724 and the negative predictive value was 0.800. COL-MAR had some predictive value for septic shock with DIC, and the AUC was 0.668 (95% CI was 0.513-0.823, P = 0.044). When the optimal cut-off value was 21.90%, the sensitivity was 52.9%, the specificity was 79.5%, the positive predictive value was 0.500, and the negative predictive value was 0.813. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the MAR induced by each inducer was negatively correlated with inflammatory indicators and SOFA scores in sepsis patients, with A-MAR showing the strongest correlation with SOFA score ( r = -0.327, P = 0.000). Conclusions:MAR, an indicator of platelet aggregation function, shows predictive value for septic shock and septic shock with DIC, and it could be used to for evaluating the severity of patients with sepsis. In addition, tt alsocan be used as a monitoring index to predict the changes of sepsis patients and to guide the treatment.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of thermobaric charge explosion simulated gas on long-term neurobehavior and hippocampal neurogenesis in rats.Methods:A total of 48 male SPF grade SD rats aged 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into control group, 5 min exposure group, 10 min exposure group and 15 min exposure group, with 12 rats in each group. Twenty-eight days after inhalation of infection, the anxiety-like behavior of rats was evaluated by an elevated cross maze, and the learning and memory function of rats was evaluated by two-way active avoidance experiment. The number of positive cells of rat hippocampal dentate gyrus neural stem cells marker molecule neural epithelial cell protein (SOX2) and mature neuron marker molecular neuronal nuclei (NeuN) was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Western blot was used to detect SOX2 and NeuN protein expression in the hippocampal tissues of rats. GraphPad prism 8.0 software was used for data analysis.The comparison of repeated measurement design data was carried out by repeated measurement ANOVA.One-way ANOVA was used for inter group comparisons, and Tukey test was used for pairwise comparison. Hippocampal nerve cells were counted using the Image J software.Results:(1) The experimental results of the elevated cross maze showed that the percentage of arm opening and the percentage of open arm residence time in each group had significant group effects ( F=22.31, 5.43, all P<0.05). The percentage of open arm entry times of rats in the 5 min, 10 min and 15 min exposure group ((28.85±1.47)%, (15.04±4.69)%, (12.66±2.89)%) and the percentage of residence time in open arm ((12.12±2.64)%, (12.16±1.11)%, (8.73±3.52)%) were all lower than those of the control group ((65.40±1.86)%, (42.92±3.12)%) (all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in pairwise comparison among the three exposure groups (all P>0.05). (2)During the memory acquisition period, the results of repeated-ANOVA showed that the time main effect ( F=56.46), the group main effect ( F=16.64) and the interaction effect had significant differences( F=4.21)(all P<0. 05). The difference values of active avoidance number between the 4th day and 1st day among the four groups were significant different ( F=68.63, P<0.05). During the memory reproduction period, there were significant differences in active avoidance number and active avoidance time among the four groups ( F=8.17, 8.28, both P<0.05). The active avoidance numbers in 10 min and 15 min exposure groups((2.50±0.26) times, (2.33±0.06) times)were significantly lower than those in the control group ((8.33±3.72) times) (both P<0.05), and the active avoidance time ((6.25±0.40)s, (6.61±1.63)s) were significantly higher than those in the control group((3.69±1.41)s) (both P<0.05). The active avoidance numbers in 10 min and 15 min exposure groups were significantly lower than that in 5 min exposure group (both P<0.05). (3) The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the numbers of SOX2-positive cells in the four groups were statistically significant ( F=5.33, P<0.05). The SOX2-positive cells in 15 min exposure group (4.33±1.12) was significantly lower than that in control group (7.67±1.52) ( P<0.05). The numbers of NeuN-positive cells in the four groups were significantly different ( F=11.06, P<0.05), and the NeuN-positive cells in the 10 min and 15 min exposure groups((105.67±8.50), (88.33±9.50)) were significantly lower than that in the control group (127.00±6.56) ( P<0.05). The NeuN-positive cells in 15 min exposure group were significantly lower than that in 5 min exposure group (110.67±8.32) ( P<0.05). (4) Western blot results showed that the relative expression of SOX2 and NeuN proteins in the four groups was statistically significant ( F=11.560, 7.035, both P<0.05). The relative expression of SOX2 and NeuN proteins in the 15 min exposure group were significantly lower than those in control group (both P<0.05). The relative expression of SOX2 protein in 15 min exposure group was significantly lower than that in 5 min exposure group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Acute exposure to warm pressure charge explosion simulated gas can lead to anxiety-like behavior, learning and memory deficits in rats, and significantly reduce the protein expression levels of hippocampal dentate gyrus neural stem cells and mature neuronal marker molecules SOX2 and NeuN.
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Background Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a common plasticizer in daily life and has been proved to be related to the exacerbation of allergic asthma. Domestic and foreign studies have shown that lipid peroxidation is closely related to the severity of asthma, which can be used as a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. Whether DBP can induce lipid peroxidation in allergic asthma remains to be further studied. Objective To investigate whether DBP aggravates allergic asthma by inducing lipid peroxidation in allergic asthma mice. Methods Eighty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely control group, DBP group (40 mg·kg−1), 50 μg ovalbumin (OVA) group (allergic asthma model group), and DBP+OVA group. The DBP group and the DBP+OVA group were given DBP by gavage from Day 1 to 28, and the OVA group and the DBP+OVA group were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of OVA, once every 3 d, a total of 5 injections, from Day 9 to 21. From Day 29 to 35, the OVA group and the DBP+OVA group were challenged by OVA atomization. After the exposure, samples of blood and lung were collected. The airway hyperresponsiveness of mice was observed by lung function analysis. The serum contents of immunoglobulin E (IgE), OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (OVA-IgE), and lung homogenate levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate airway allergic inflammation. The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and collagen fiber (Masson) staining. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid ROS, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in lung homogenates were detected by ELISA to evaluate lipid peroxidation. Results The results of lung function analysis showed that compared with the control group, the inspiratory resistance (Ri) and expiratory resistance (Re) of the OVA group and the DBP+OVA group were increased, and the lung compliance (Cldyn) was decreased. The DBP + OVA group was more severe, and the difference between the OVA group and the DBP + OVA group was statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the contents of IgE, OVA-IgE, and IL-4 in the OVA group and the DBP+OVA group were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), which indicated more severe allergic airway inflammation. The HE sections of the OVA group and the DBP+OVA group showed inflammatory cell infiltration around the airway, airway wall hyperplasia and thickening, and severe airway deformation, and the presentation of the DBP+OVA group was the most serious. After Masson staining, the OVA group and the DBP+OVA group showed depositions of a large number of collagen fibers, and the blue collagen fibrosis in the DBP+OVA group was even more serious. ROS, lipid ROS, MDA, and 4-HNE levels increased and GSH and GPX4 levels decreased in the OVA and DBP+OVA groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01), with the most severe effect in the DBP+OVA group. Conclusion DBP may induce lipid peroxidation in mice allergic asthma by producing excessive ROS which may aggravate the allergic asthma in mice.
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Objective: To analyze the trends of the age of menarche among Chinese Han girls aged 9 to 18 years from 2010 to 2019. Methods: Data were extracted from the Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010, 2014 and 2019. A total of 253 037 Han girls aged 9 to 18 years with complete data on menarche were selected in this study. They were asked one-on-one about their menstrual status, age and residence information. The median age of menarche was estimated by probability regression. U tests were used to compare the difference in median age at menarche in different years. Results: The median age at menarche (95%CI) among Chinese Han girls was 12.47 (12.09-12.83) years in 2010, 12.17 (11.95-12.38) years in 2014 and 12.05 (10.82-13.08) years in 2019, respectively. Compared with that in 2010, the median age at menarche in 2019 decreased by 0.42 years (U=-77.27, P<0.001). The annual average changes were -0.076 years from 2010 to 2014 (U=-57.19, P<0.001) and -0.023 years from 2014 to 2019 (U=-21.41, P<0.001), respectively. The average annual changes in urban areas in the periods of 2010 to 2014 and 2014 to 2019 were -0.071 years and 0.006 years, respectively, while those in rural areas were -0.082 years and -0.053 years, respectively. The average annual changes in the regions of north, northeast, east, south central, southwest and northwest were -0.064, -0.099, -0.091, -0.080, -0.096 and -0.041 years in the period of 2010 to 2014 and 0.001, -0.040, -0.002, -0.005, -0.043 and -0.081 years in the period of 2014 to 2019. Conclusion: The age of menarche among Chinese Han girls aged 9 to 18 years shows an advanced trend from 2010 to 2019, and the trends in urban and rural areas and different regions have different characteristics.
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Femenino , Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Menarquia , Probabilidad , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Objective:This paper is to propose a calibration model based on sine function which enables more choices to determine the functional relationship between the absorbance and the concentration of the tested substance.Methods:This paper uses Taylor series expansion and Levenberg-Marquardt to obtain the optimal parameters for the Sine model and then summarizes the characters of the Sine model. On the basis of these characters, this paper compares and evaluates the experimental data processed by the Sine model from four aspects: correctness, precision, linearity and correlation.Results:The generated sine function calibration model achieved deviations within ±3% of the national standard substance, precision ( CV%) less than 2%, and a linear correlation coefficient greater than 0.990 within the measurement range of 32-710 mg/L. The correlation coefficients between the sine model and other well-performing linear calibration models for 104 clinical samples were all greater than 0.990. Conclusions:The performance evaluation of the prealbumin assay kit using the sine function calibration model meets industry standards and shows good correlation with the results of clinical sample measurements. This indicates that the sine function calibration model can serve as a new calibration model for in vitro diagnostic research and clinical applications.
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Objective:To compare the value of 3 methods (threshold method, visual method and CT method) based on 18F-FDG PET-CT for qualitative diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). Methods:The clinical characteristics, pathological results, CT signs and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of 226 SPN patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET-CT and met lung imaging reporting and data system (Lung-RADS1.1) grading criteria grade 2-4 in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from January 2015 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and the diagnostic efficacy of threshold method (according to SUV max), visual method [according to the degree of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the mediastinum or liver blood pool] and CT method (according to Lung-RADS1.1 grading criteria) for SPN were compared by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The highest diagnostic accuracy of CT method and the highest diagnostic accuracy of threshold method and visual method were combined as PET-CT comprehensive diagnosis method, and the diagnostic efficiency of which was compared with the other methods. Results:Among the 226 patients with SPN, 174 cases were malignant and 52 cases were benign in pathology. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of CT method 2 (defined Lung-RADS1.1 grade 4A and below as benign, grade 4B and above as malignant) in CT methods for qualitative diagnosis of SPN was 0.622, the sensitivity was 87.93%, and the accuracy was 76.11%, the diagnostic efficiency was higher than method 2. The AUC of the threshold method 1 (defined solid nodules that SUV max≥2.5 and ground-glass nodules that SUV max≥1.14 as malignant, the others as benign) in threshold methods for qualitative diagnosis of SPN was 0.675, the sensitivity was 85.06%, and the accuracy was 76.99%, the diagnostic efficiency was higher than other methods in the threshold methods and visual methods. The AUC of PET-CT comprehensive diagnosis method (combination of CT method 2 and threshold method 1) for qualitative diagnosis of SPN was 0.652, the sensitivity was 97.70%, and the accuracy was 82.74%, the diagnostic efficiency was higher than other methods. Conclusions:There is no significant difference among threshold method, visual method and CT method based on 18F-FDG PET-CT in qualitative diagnosis of SPN. The diagnostic efficiency of combining CT method with threshold method is significantly improved.
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Objective: To analyze the trends of the age of menarche among Chinese Han girls aged 9 to 18 years from 2010 to 2019. Methods: Data were extracted from the Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010, 2014 and 2019. A total of 253 037 Han girls aged 9 to 18 years with complete data on menarche were selected in this study. They were asked one-on-one about their menstrual status, age and residence information. The median age of menarche was estimated by probability regression. U tests were used to compare the difference in median age at menarche in different years. Results: The median age at menarche (95%CI) among Chinese Han girls was 12.47 (12.09-12.83) years in 2010, 12.17 (11.95-12.38) years in 2014 and 12.05 (10.82-13.08) years in 2019, respectively. Compared with that in 2010, the median age at menarche in 2019 decreased by 0.42 years (U=-77.27, P<0.001). The annual average changes were-0.076 years from 2010 to 2014 (U=-57.19, P<0.001) and-0.023 years from 2014 to 2019 (U=-21.41, P<0.001), respectively. The average annual changes in urban areas in the periods of 2010 to 2014 and 2014 to 2019 were-0.071 years and 0.006 years, respectively, while those in rural areas were-0.082 years and-0.053 years, respectively. The average annual changes in the regions of north, northeast, east, south central, southwest and northwest were-0.064, -0.099, -0.091, -0.080, -0.096 and-0.041 years in the period of 2010 to 2014 and 0.001, -0.040, -0.002, -0.005, -0.043 and-0.081 years in the period of 2014 to 2019. Conclusion: The age of menarche among Chinese Han girls aged 9 to 18 years shows an advanced trend from 2010 to 2019, and the trends in urban and rural areas and different regions have different characteristics.
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Objective: To investigate the prevalence trend of high normal blood pressure and elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years in China from 2010 to 2019. Methods: Students aged 7-17 years were selected from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health from 2010 to 2019. High normal blood pressure and elevated blood pressure were determined according to the "Reference of screening for elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents aged 7-18 years" (WS/T 610-2018). The Chi-square test was performed to determine whether there was a difference in the prevalence of high normal blood pressure and elevated blood pressure by gender, residence and age group. Results: In 2019, the prevalence of high normal blood pressure in children and adolescents aged 7-17 years was 15.3% (29 855/195 625), which was higher in boys (20.2%, 19 779/97 847) and rural areas (15.4%, 15 066/97 567) than that in girls (10.3%, 10 076/97 778) and urban areas (15.1%, 14 789/98 058), respectively (all P<0.05). The prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 13.0% (25 377/195 625), which was higher in girls (13.2%, 12 925/97 778) and rural areas (14.1%, 13 753/97 567) than that in boys (12.7%, 12 452/97 847) and urban areas (11.9%, 11 624/98 058) (all P<0.05). From 2010 to 2019, the prevalence of high normal blood pressure showed an increasing trend, with an annual average growth rate from 1.14% to 3.18%. The overall prevalence of elevated blood pressure also showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2019 but decreased in 2014. The annual average growth rate of elevated blood pressure was-1.07% from 2010 to 2014 and 9.33% from 2014 to 2019. About 17 provinces had an increasing trend in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure from 2010 to 2014, and 22 provinces with an increasing trend from 2014 to 2019. There were obvious regional differences in the annual average growth rate of the prevalence of high normal blood pressure and elevated blood pressure. The regions with the highest annual average growth rate of the prevalence of high normal blood pressure were the Northeast (5.47%) from 2010 to 2014 and the Western region (5.21%) from 2014 to 2019. For elevated blood pressure, the Northeast had the highest annual average growth rate from 2010 to 2014 (12.35%), while the Central (15.79%) and Western (12.87%) had the highest growth rate from 2014 to 2019. Conclusion: From 2010 to 2019, the prevalence of high normal blood pressure and elevated blood pressure in Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 shows an increasing trend, with regional disparities.
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Objective: To analyze the long-term trend of the age of spermarche among Chinese Han boys aged 11 to 18 from 2010 to 2019 and its association with nutritional status. Methods: The data from Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010, 2014 and 2019 were used. The age, residence and spermarche of the participants were collected by questionnaire, and their height and weight were measured. A total of 184 633 Han boys aged 11‒18 years with complete data on spermarche, height, and weight were included in this study. The probability regression method was used to calculate the median age (95%CI) at spermarche in different areas, and the trend of age at spermarche in different groups was compared. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between nutritional status and spermarche of Chinese Han boys aged 11‒18 years. Results: The median age of spermarche (95%CI) was 13.85 (13.45-14.22) years old among Chinese Han boys aged 11‒18 years in 2019, with 0.18 years earlier than that in 2010. The median age at spermarche in urban and rural boys was 13.89 and 13.81 years, respectively. Compared with that in 2010, the age at spermarche in urban and rural boys was 0.08 and 0.27 years earlier, respectively. After adjusting for age, province and urban/rural areas, compared with normal weight, spermarche was negatively associated with wasting and positively associated with overweight and obesity, with OR (95%CI) about 0.73 (0.67-0.80), 1.09 (1.02-1.17) and 1.09 (1.01-1.18), respectively. Conclusion: The age of spermarche generally shows an advanced trend among Chinese Han boys and is associated with nutritional status.
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Objective: To analyze the prevalence trend of malnutrition among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2010 to 2019. Methods: Based on the data from the Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010, 2014 and 2019, about 215 102, 214 268 and 212 713 Han students aged 7-18 years were included in this study. According to the National Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents, the detection rate of malnutrition among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 was calculated, and the prevalence trend of malnutrition from 2010 to 2019 was analyzed. Results: In 2019, the detection rate of malnutrition among Chinese Han students aged 7-18 years was 8.64% (18 381/212 713), of which the rate of growth retardation, moderate-to-severe wasting and mild wasting was 0.50% (1 062/212 713), 3.25% (6 914/212 713) and 4.89% (10 405/212 713), respectively. In 2019, the detection rate of malnutrition in these boys was higher than that of girls (9.97% vs. 7.31%), and the detection rate in rural areas was higher than that in cities (9.30% vs. 7.98%). The detection rates were 9.74% (5 252/53 916), 8.17% (4 408/53 937), 7.29% (3 885/53 310), and 9.38% (4 836/51 550) in 7-9, 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18 years groups, and 8.14% (6 563/80 618), 7.61% (4 237/55 694) and 9.92% (7 581/76 401) in the eastern, central, and western regions. Malnutrition among students in China was mainly caused by mild wasting, and the detection rate of growth retardation accounted for only 5.78% (1 062/18 381). Malnutrition was mostly concentrated in the southwest region, and the rate was relatively low in eastern provinces. In three surveys from 2010 to 2019, the detection rate of malnutrition among Han students aged 7-18 in China decreased gradually, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Among them, the detection rates in western rural areas decreased significantly, as well as the gap between urban and rural areas. Compared with that in 2014, the detection rate of malnutrition in Shandong, Hunan, Qinghai and Hainan provinces in 2019 decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: In 2019, the malnutrition of Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years is dominated by wasting malnutrition. The detection rate shows a downward trend from 2010 to 2019, with regional differences.
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Objective: To analyze the trend of the detection rate of myopia among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 2010 to 2019. Methods: Data from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health in 2010, 2014 and 2019 were used, and about 213 833, 212 742 and 209 942 Han students aged 7-18 years were included in this study. The χ² test was used to compare the differences in the prevalence of myopia among the subgroups in the survey year, and logistic regression was used to compare the differences in the prevalence of myopia between different years. A curve-fitting method was used to obtain the growth rate of myopia among Han Chinese students from 2010 to 2019, and the differences in the change of myopia between different age groups were analyzed. Results: In 2019, the overall detection rate of myopia among Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18 was 60.1%. The detection rate of urban students (62.7%) was higher than that of rural students (57.4%) and the detection rate of girls (63.5%) was higher than that of boys (56.7%). In 2019, the regional disparities were large in the detection rate of myopia in various provinces, with the lowest in Guizhou (49.6%) and the highest in Zhejiang (71.3%). The detection rate of myopia showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2019, from 55.5% in 2010 to 57.1% in 2014, and finally to 60.1% in 2019. The gap in the detection rate of myopia between urban and rural children and adolescents gradually shrank. The average annual growth rate of myopia detection rate from 2014 to 2019 was 0.6 percentage points per year, higher than that from 2010 to 2014 about 0.4 percentage points per year. The peak age of the growth rate of myopia detection rate decreased from 12 years in 2010 to 10 years in 2014, and finally to 7 years in 2019. Conclusions: The detection rate of myopia among Chinese Han children and adolescents is still at a high level, and the peak age of the growth rate of myopia detection rate continues to advance.
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Objective: To analyze the perceived exercise benefits and barriers and their association with physical activity time in Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 9-18 years. Methods: Data were extracted from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health and a total of 163 656 children and adolescents aged 9-18 years in Han ethnic group were included in the analysis. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the perceived exercise benefits score, perceived exercise barriers score and perceived exercise benefits to barriers ratio in the children and adolescents with different demographic characteristics and physical activity time. The differences in physical activity time in subgroups were compared with χ2 tests. log-binomial regression model was used to evaluate the association between physical activity time and perceived exercise benefits and barriers. Results: The M (Q1,Q3) of the perceived exercise benefits score, perceived exercise barriers score, and perceived exercise benefits to barriers ratio in the children and adolescents were 4.11 (3.78, 4.78), 2.70 (2.10, 3.20) and 1.55 (1.22, 2.07), respectively. Children and adolescents living in urban area, boys, those at younger age and those with physical activity time ≥1 hour had higher perceived exercise benefits score and perceived exercise benefits to barriers ratio, but lower perceived exercise barriers score (all P<0.001). The prevalence of physical activity time ≥1 hour was 41.4% in the children and adolescents. In the log-binomial model with two variables of perceived exercise benefits score and perceived exercise barriers score, for each 1-point increase in the perceived exercise benefits, the possibility of physical activity time ≥1 hour increased by 11% (OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.10-1.12), and for each 1-point increase in the perceived exercise barriers, the possibility of physical activity time ≥1 hour decreased by 15% (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.84-0.85). In the log-binomial model with variable of perceived exercise benefits to barriers ratio, for each 1-point increase in the perceived exercise benefits to barriers ratio, the possibility of physical activity time ≥1 hour increased by 12% (OR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.11-1.12). Conclusion: The perceived exercise benefits and barriers are significantly associated with physical activity time in children and adolescents in China.